201212475 六、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係關於一種太陽能電力管理方法，尤指一種綜 合考慮太陽能電池供電狀態 '負載耗能、蓄電池電力等多 種因素而提供一種智慧型的太陽能電力管理方法。 【先前技術】 一般以太陽能電池（solar cell)進行光電轉換時，會面臨 • 到能源轉換效率低、易受日照強度影響發電量等缺點，因 此針對前述缺點提出相對應的改善之道。例如可追蹤曰光 照射角度，自動將太陽能電池時時刻刻維持在接收最大日 照強度，以期能產生最大發電量。 此種最大功率追蹤法除了系統成本高，且必須選用合 適的設置場地，t日照強度轉弱時，太陽能電源轉換系統 無法提升電力應用的效率，這是因為當太陽能電池將光能 轉換為電能而欲進行供電時，由於負載大小係為固定而無 法調整’為了要使負載獲得穩定的供電，必須停止取用太 陽電能而改為取用其它充足的後備能源來維護負載系統的 正常運作。 習知的太陽電能應用方式’若非直接將太陽能電池所 產出的電力直接供應至負載，便是先將電力儲存至一蓄電 池’待需要時才取出儲存的電力使用’應用方式非常單調 且缺乏靈活運作，產出的電力可說是無法獲得有效分配， 導致太陽能源應用效率低落。事實上，太陽電能並非只有 在產出電能時才可利用’在產出電能相對位於中、低階段 [S] 3 201212475 時亦可有效使用，惟目前針對中、低階段的電能大多是選 擇忽視而未加以運用，無疑構成能源浪費。 【發明内容】 針對目前缺乏太陽能電池之使用缺乏有效率的管理及 造成能源浪費，本發明之主要目的係提供一種交錯式太陽 能供電管理方法，係根據所產出之太陽能大小而=供應 予負載使用或直接儲存β 〜 為達成前述㈣，係令本發明交錯式太陽能供電管理 方法包含有： 建立電力分級級距，係針對一太陽能電池發電量及一 蓄電池之蓄電量分別定義出不同級距，其巾，太陽能電池 發電量係、定義有極弱、；ϊ；足、中等及充^四種級距，蓄電 池之蓄電量係定義有少量、中等及充足三種級距； 偵測及判斷太陽能電池發電量是否高於負載所需的額 定電量；201212475 VI. Description of the Invention: [Technical Field] The present invention relates to a solar power management method, and more particularly to providing a smart solar power by comprehensively considering various factors such as solar battery power supply state, load energy consumption, battery power and the like. Management method. [Prior Art] Generally, when photoelectric conversion is performed by a solar cell, there are disadvantages such as low energy conversion efficiency and high power generation due to the influence of sunlight intensity, and accordingly, a corresponding improvement is proposed for the above disadvantages. For example, the angle of the illuminating light can be traced, and the solar cell is automatically maintained at the maximum receiving daylight intensity in order to generate the maximum power generation. In addition to the high system cost, this maximum power tracking method must select the appropriate setting site. When the sunshine intensity is weak, the solar power conversion system cannot improve the efficiency of power application. This is because when the solar cell converts light energy into electrical energy. When power is to be supplied, the load cannot be adjusted because it is fixed. In order to obtain a stable power supply for the load, the solar power must be stopped and other sufficient backup energy sources must be used to maintain the normal operation of the load system. The conventional solar energy application method is that if the power generated by the solar cell is directly supplied to the load, the power is first stored in a battery, and the stored power is taken out when needed. The application method is very monotonous and inflexible. Operation, the output of electricity can be said to be unable to obtain effective distribution, resulting in low efficiency of solar energy applications. In fact, solar power is not only available when producing electricity. 'It can also be used effectively when the output energy is relatively low and middle [S] 3 201212475. However, most of the current energy for the medium and low stages is neglected. Without being used, it will undoubtedly constitute a waste of energy. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In view of the current lack of efficient use of solar cells, the lack of efficient management and waste of energy, the main object of the present invention is to provide an interleaved solar power management method based on the amount of solar energy produced = supply to the load Or directly storing β 〜 to achieve the foregoing (4), the method for staggering solar power supply management of the present invention includes: establishing a power grading step, respectively defining different step sizes for a solar cell power generation amount and a battery storage capacity, Towels, solar cell power generation system, definition is extremely weak; ϊ; foot, medium and charge four levels, battery storage capacity is defined by a small number, medium and sufficient three levels; detection and judgment of solar cell power generation Whether the amount is higher than the rated power required by the load;
"若太陽能電池發電量高於負載戶斤需的額定電量，係執 行-交錯式供電程序’ u同時供電予負載及利 對蓄電池進行充電； € 若 再判斷 量，係"If the solar cell power generation is higher than the rated power required by the load household, it is the execution-interlaced power supply procedure. u At the same time, the power is supplied to the load and the battery is charged;
太陽能電池發電晉去复A 电里禾同於負载所需的額定電 太陽能電池發電量是否為不足； 曰若太陽能電池發電量為不^，係再判斷太陽能電池發 電篁是否足以供應負載所需額定電量，若判斷結果為是， 係將所有太陽能電池發電量供應至負載；若判斷結果為 否’將所有太陽能電池發電量對蓄電池進行充電； 201212475 ㈢务判斷太陽能電池發電量為極弱，係㈣測蓄 罝及判斷蓄電池電量是否可提供負載所需額定電量，直 中，若蓄電池蓄電量可提供負載所需額定電量，由蓄電也 利用脈衝寬度調變供電方式提供電能予負載。 本發明藉由太陽能電池之發電量及蓄電池之 別劃分成數個不同的級距，經偵測及判斷目前發電量、蓄 電量之級距狀態後，可決定應由何種電能供應予負載，使 負载維持正常的運作，另— 曰丁 Φ刃硬忭另方面，過剩之太陽能電能或是 太陽能電能產能較小時’亦可將電能儲存在蓄電池中，係 可提高太陽能電池發電量的利用效率，避免能源浪費。 【實施方式】 請參考® 1所巾，本發明係可使用於一太陽能系統， 該太陽能系統包含有： 一市電電源1 0，作為一備份電源使用，當太陽能電力 或儲存電力不足時，提供一穩定電力予負載； 一太陽能電池（solar ceM)2〇，負責將接收到的光能轉 換為直流電壓； 一切換電路30，連接該市電電源1 〇及太陽能電池2〇， 該切換電路30根據控制信號選擇供電來源以及供電對象； 一充放電控制電路40’其内部包含有一蓄電池42,該 充放電控制電路40係連接該切換電路3〇 ,當太陽能電池 20供應電力予負載後若還有剩餘’充放電控制電路可將 額外電能儲存在蓄電池42中，並在充電過程中提供保護作 用’防止過度充電及過度放電，其中該蓄電池42可為鋰電 201212475 池； 一負載50,係連接該切換電路3〇及該充放電控制電路 40 ’在本實施例中’該負載50為發光二極體（LED); 一微控制器60，係偵測前述各元件之電壓信號，包含 太能電池20轉換出之直流電壓以及蓄電池42中儲存的 電量’於取得所需之電壓信號後，係控制該切換電路3〇及 充放電控制電路40應進行何種工作模式。 請參考圖2所示，本發明交錯式太陽能電力管理方法 係包含有下述步驟： 建立電力分級級距（201)，係針對太陽能電池2〇之發電 量（W)、蓄電池42之蓄電量（AH)分別定義出不同級距，如 下所列：太陽能電池20之發電量（W)係定義有{極弱、不足、 中等、充足} ’分別表示為{NS、SS、SM、SL}，級距的劃 分可相對參考負載50所需的額定電量，在本實施例中係以 12W、15W及18W三個臨界點而劃分成前述四種級距；蓄 電池42之蓄電量（AH)係定義有{少量、中等、充足卜分別 表示為{BS、BM、BL}。 偵測及判斷太陽能電池發電量是否高於負載所需的額 定電量（202)，本實施例中係設定當太陽能電池發電量大於 15W時，即電量為中等或充足時即高於負載5〇所需的電量； 若太陽能電池發電量高於負載所需的額定電量，係執 行一交錯式供電程序（300)而同時供電予負載5〇及利用剩 餘電力對蓄電池42充電，請參考圖3所示，為交錯式供電 程序（300)之步驟流程圖： 決定工作週期（301)，由於太陽能電池2〇所產生的電量 201212475 並非是一恆常不變的定值，因此需先制定一固定週期，將 太陽能電池發電量（w)依據工作週期劃分為數個區段，本實 施例中係設定每1 50Hz的時間長度為一個工作週期； 判斷各工作週期之電量及劃分為複數等分（3〇2)，由於 每一個工作週期内的總電量不見得與其它工作週期之電量 相同’係判斷各工作週期内的總電量大小，並將其劃分為 100個等分； 輪出負載所需的額定電量（303)，即於各工作週期中取 • 用適當比例的電量而提供給負載50,以滿足負載5〇工作所 而 ， 以剩餘電量對蓄電池加以充電（304)，即在同一工作週 期中，提供給負載50後所剩餘的能量即利用該充放電控制 電路40對蓄電池42進行充電，在充電過程中，係使用脈 衝寬度調變（PWM)技術來進行充電，充電電壓及電流係由 充放電控制電路40進行監控，避免過大電壓、電流對蓄電 池42迨成損壞，凊參考圖4，舉例而言，若太陽能電池發 • 電量（W)在三個連續工作週期D1、D2、D3之電量大小關係 為W1>W2>W3,則在此三個工作週期内提供給負載及用來 充電之電量比例分配可能為（負载50%:充電5〇%)、（負載 55%:充電 45%)、（負載 60%:充電 40%); 偵測及判斷太陽能電池發電量（305)，係再次判斷太陽 能電池發電量是否依然高於負載所需的額定電量，若仍高 於負載所需的額定電量則可持續執行交錯式供電程序 (300)，反之則結束交錯式供電程序（3〇〇)。 請再回到圖2所示’若步驟（2Q2)之判斷結果係太陽能 201212475 電池發電量未高於負載額定電量，係再進一步判斷太陽能 電池發電量是否為"不足”（203)，在本實施例中若為”不足,, 的狀態，即代表發電量介於12〜15W之間。The solar cell power generation goes to the complex A. The power generation of the rated solar cells required by the load is insufficient. If the solar cell power generation is not ^, it is judged whether the solar cell power generation is sufficient to supply the load. If the judgment result is yes, all solar cell power generation amount is supplied to the load; if the judgment result is no, 'all solar cell power generation amount is charged to the battery; 201212475 (3) It is judged that the solar cell power generation amount is extremely weak, (4) Measure the enthalpy and determine whether the battery power can provide the rated power required by the load. If the battery storage capacity can provide the rated power required by the load, the power storage also provides the power to the load by using the pulse width modulation power supply. The invention divides the power generation amount of the solar battery and the battery into several different step sizes, and after detecting and judging the current power generation amount and the power storage level state, it can determine which kind of electric energy should be supplied to the load, so that The load maintains normal operation, and another – Kenting Φ blade harder, in addition, when excess solar energy or solar energy production capacity is small, 'electric energy can also be stored in the battery, which can improve the utilization efficiency of solar cell power generation. Avoid energy waste. [Embodiment] Please refer to the ® 1 towel, the present invention can be applied to a solar energy system, the solar energy system includes: a utility power supply 10, used as a backup power supply, when the solar power or stored power is insufficient, providing a Stabilizing power to the load; a solar cell (solar ceM) 2〇, responsible for converting the received light energy into a DC voltage; a switching circuit 30 connecting the mains power supply 1 and the solar cell 2〇, the switching circuit 30 according to the control The signal selects a power supply source and a power supply target; a charge and discharge control circuit 40' internally includes a battery 42 connected to the switching circuit 3A, and if there is a surplus after the solar battery 20 supplies power to the load The charge and discharge control circuit can store additional electrical energy in the battery 42 and provide protection during charging to prevent overcharging and overdischarging, wherein the battery 42 can be a lithium battery 201212475 pool; a load 50 is connected to the switching circuit 3 And the charge and discharge control circuit 40' in the present embodiment, the load 50 is a light emitting diode (LED); The microcontroller 60 detects the voltage signals of the foregoing components, including the DC voltage converted from the battery 20 and the amount of power stored in the battery 42. After the required voltage signal is obtained, the switching circuit 3 is controlled. What mode of operation should be performed by the charge and discharge control circuit 40. Referring to FIG. 2, the interleaved solar power management method of the present invention includes the following steps: Establishing a power classification step (201) for the amount of power generated by the solar cell (W) and the amount of storage of the battery 42 ( AH) defines different step sizes, as listed below: The amount of power generated by the solar cell 20 (W) is defined as {very weak, insufficient, medium, sufficient} 'represented as {NS, SS, SM, SL}, respectively. The division of the distance may be relative to the rated power required by the reference load 50. In the present embodiment, the four critical points of 12W, 15W and 18W are divided into the above four steps; the storage capacity (AH) of the battery 42 is defined by {Small, medium, and sufficient Bu are denoted as {BS, BM, BL} respectively. Detecting and judging whether the solar cell power generation amount is higher than the rated power required by the load (202). In this embodiment, when the solar cell power generation amount is greater than 15 W, that is, when the power is medium or sufficient, the load is higher than the load. Required power; If the solar cell generates more power than the rated power required by the load, perform an interleaved power supply program (300) while supplying power to the load 5 〇 and charging the battery 42 with the remaining power, as shown in Figure 3. Flowchart for the interleaved power supply program (300): Determine the duty cycle (301). Since the amount of electricity generated by the solar cell 22012201212475 is not a constant constant value, a fixed period must be established. The solar cell power generation amount (w) is divided into several segments according to the duty cycle. In this embodiment, the time length per 1 50 Hz is set to one working cycle; the power amount of each working cycle is determined and divided into multiple equal parts (3〇2) ), because the total amount of electricity in each work cycle is not the same as that in other work cycles, 'determine the total amount of electricity in each work cycle, and draw it It is 100 aliquots; the rated power required for the load to be taken out (303), that is, is supplied to the load 50 with an appropriate proportion of power during each working cycle to satisfy the load 5 〇, and the remaining power is The battery is charged (304), that is, in the same working cycle, the energy remaining after being supplied to the load 50 is charged by the charge and discharge control circuit 40, and during the charging process, the pulse width modulation (PWM) is used. The technology is used for charging, and the charging voltage and current are monitored by the charging and discharging control circuit 40 to prevent excessive voltage and current from being damaged by the battery 42. Referring to FIG. 4, for example, if the solar battery generates electricity (W) In the three consecutive duty cycles D1, D2, and D3, the magnitude of the power relationship is W1 > W2 > W3, and the ratio of the amount of power supplied to the load and used for charging during the three working cycles may be (load 50%: charging 5) 〇%), (load 55%: charging 45%), (load 60%: charging 40%); detecting and judging solar cell power generation (305), is to judge whether the solar cell power generation is still higher than the load Rated power required, if still higher than the rated power required by the load is staggered implementation of sustainable supply program (300), otherwise the end of the interleaved power program (3〇〇). Please return to the figure shown in Figure 2, if the result of the step (2Q2) is that the solar energy 201212475 battery power generation is not higher than the load rated power, it is further determined whether the solar cell power generation is "insufficient" (203), in this In the embodiment, if the state is "deficient," the power generation amount is between 12 and 15 W.
若判斷太陽能電池發電量為“不足，，的狀態，係再進一步 判斷太陽能電池發電量是否足以供應負載所需額定電量 (204) ’去·判斷結果為疋，係關閉該充放電控制電路4〇，並 將所有太陽能電池發電量供應至負載（2〇5)，若判斷結果為 否，將所有太陽能電池發電量對蓄電池42進行充電（2〇6)， 並以市電電源1Q供電予負載5〇(2〇7)。 若步驟（203)之判斷結果顯示為否，即代表太陽能電池 發2量處於“極弱”的狀態，本實施例中為發電量低於12W 便算是極弱，此時係再進一步偵測蓄電池電量（2〇8)。 日經偵測得知蓄電池42目前的電量後，係再判斷蓄電池 電里疋否可提供負載所需額定電量（2〇9)，在本實施例中， 若蓄電池之電量處於“中等"或“充足，，的狀態，即表示可提供 負載所需額定電量，此時由蓄電池利用脈衝寬度調變(pwM) 供電方式提供電能予負載（21〇)。 若經由步驟（209)判斷為否，即代表蓄電池電量益法恭 供負載所需額定電量時，係切換由市電電源、1〇供電予負韋 (211)’使負載42可以穩定工作。 ' 當太陽能電池之發雷量虚於‘‘炫,,以& _ 贯电1慝於極弱的級距，且步驟（20! 果為否時，本發明可再進4判斷可否對蓄電池充 ’考慮能否充電的因素可包含有多種，例如太陽能 =〇之發電量是否過小、蓄電池42之溫度是否過高等， 匈斷皆符合充電條件’則仍可利用微弱的太陽能電池發 201212475 電量對f電池進行充電（21 3);反之若不符合充電條件，則 是返回步驟（202卜 表 τ'上所述’本發明將太陽能電池之發電量及蓄電池之 蓄電量分別劃分成數個不同的級距，以不同級距之組合方 式而制定適當的工作模式，藉此，本發明可根據太陽能電 池之發電量及蓄電池狀態提供適當的電力予負載，使負載 維持正吊的運作；另一方面，可將太陽能電池之剩餘的電 能儲存在蓄電池中，並且根據太陽能電池發電量大小進行 # 更有效的利用，如此可更進一步提高太陽能電池發電量的 利用率。 【圖式簡單說明】 圖1 .係執行本發明交錯式太陽能供電管理方法之系統 方塊圖。 圖2 .係本發明交錯式太陽能供電管理方法之流程圖。 圖3 :係本發明交錯式供電程序之流程圖。 籲 圖4 .係本發明負載供電及蓄電池充電之電量比例分配 示意圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 1 〇市電電源 20太陽能電池 30切換電路 4〇充放電控制電路 201212475 42蓄電池 50負載 60微控制器If it is judged that the solar cell power generation amount is "insufficient, the state is further determined whether the solar cell power generation amount is sufficient to supply the required rated power amount of the load (204)'. The judgment result is 疋, and the charge and discharge control circuit 4 is turned off. And supply all solar cell power generation to the load (2〇5). If the judgment result is no, all the solar cell power generation amount is charged to the battery 42 (2〇6), and the mains power supply 1Q is supplied to the load 5〇. (2〇7) If the judgment result of the step (203) is negative, it means that the amount of the solar cell is 2 in a "very weak" state, and in this embodiment, the power generation amount is less than 12W, which is extremely weak. The system further detects the battery power (2〇8). After the Nikkei detects the current power of the battery 42, it determines whether the battery power can provide the rated power required for the load (2〇9). In the example, if the battery's power is in the "medium" or "sufficient" state, it means that the rated power required by the load can be provided. At this time, the battery provides power by pulse width modulation (pwM). Load (21〇) If the judgment is no in step (209), it means that the battery power supply method is used to supply the rated power required by the load, and the power is switched from the mains power supply to the negative power supply (211) to make the load 42. It can work stably. 'When the amount of lightning in the solar cell is too low, 'too, to < _ 电 1 慝 极 极 极 极 极 极 极 极 极 , , , , , , 且 且 且 且 且 且 且 且 且 且 且 且 且 且 且 且 且 且 且 且Judging whether the battery can be charged or not can include a variety of factors, such as whether the solar power = the power generation is too small, the temperature of the battery 42 is too high, etc., the Hungary is in line with the charging conditions, then the weak solar cells can still be utilized. Send 201212475 power to charge f battery (21 3); if not, if it does not meet the charging condition, it is the return step (202 table τ' described above] The invention divides the power generation of solar cells and the storage capacity of the battery into several Different step sizes, and a suitable working mode is set up in a combination of different steps, whereby the present invention can provide appropriate power to the load according to the power generation amount of the solar battery and the state of the battery, so that the load On the other hand, the remaining electrical energy of the solar cell can be stored in the storage battery, and the more efficient use of the solar cell power generation amount can be used, thereby further improving the utilization rate of the solar cell power generation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a system for performing the interleaved solar power management method of the present invention. Fig. 2 is a flow chart of the interleaved solar power management method of the present invention. Fig. 3 is an interleaved power supply program of the present invention. Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the proportion distribution of the power supply and the battery charging according to the present invention. [Main component symbol description] 1 〇 mains power supply 20 solar battery 30 switching circuit 4 〇 charge and discharge control circuit 201212475 42 battery 50 load 60 Microcontroller