201210982 六、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係關於一種建築材料製造方法，特別關於一種 利用淤泥製造建築材料的方法。本發明亦關於一種以淤泥 製造的建築材料。 【先前技術】 台灣地區因自然及人文導致水庫淤積快速，現階段水 庫浚渫後之淤泥多以棄置處理，此法不但不符合經濟效 益，且易造成二次污染，若能予以資源化利用，則能達到 環境與經濟雙赢的效果。由於淤泥基於一定的化學組成分 及物理性質，具有燒製建築材料的潛力，特別係輕質骨 材，其具有質輕、強度及耐燃等優良性質，可替代傳統砂 石，提供淤泥處理一項極佳的出路。 然而，已知製造建築材料的數種方法，均需要在處理 前預先將原料烘乾及研磨破碎，過程相當繁雜，因而產生 許多製程上的不便或延長製造工時。此外，由於水庫淤泥 本身富含水分，若預先脫去水分方能製造建築材料，必然 需要耗費大量的能源，進而造成生產成本的增加，也必然 降低廠商參與或投資的意願。 因此，如何提供一種低耗能的淤泥製造建築材料方 法，其不需預先經過烘乾及研磨製程處理，便可直接利用 水庫淤泥進行連續的製造程序，不僅節省能量消耗及生產 成本，進而同時達成廢棄物回收再利用及推廣綠色建築的 201210982 目的，已成為一項重要的課題。 【發明内容】 有鑑於上述課題，本發明之目的為提供一種低耗能的 淤泥製造建築材料方法，其不需預先經過烘乾及研磨製程 處理，便可直接利用水庫淤泥進行連續的製造程序，不僅 節省能量消耗及生產成本，進而同時達成廢棄物回收再利 用及推廣綠色建築的目的。 為達上述目的，依據本發明的一種淤泥製造建築材料 的方法，包括以下步驟：加入一組合物至去除水份的淤泥 以提供金屬離子及氫氧根以及熱處理加入組合物的淤 泥。其中，淤泥為水庫淤泥，且建築材料為輕質骨材、輕 質磚及/或發泡板。 在本發明一實施例中，於加入組合物至淤泥的步驟 前，上述方法更包含去除淤泥至少部分水份的一步驟。 在本發明一實施例中，於熱處理加入組合物的淤泥的 步驟前，上述方法更包含利用真空練泥方式處理加入組合 物的淤泥的一步驟。 在本發明一實施例中，於熱處理加入組合物的淤泥的 步驟前，上述方法更包含將加入組合物的淤泥成型為一生 坯粒料的一步驟。 在本發明一實施例中，組合物包含金屬氧化物、金屬 氫氧化物或其組合。 上述金屬氧化物可為驗金族或驗土族氧化物。較佳 201210982 地，驗金職化物為氧細叫⑴、氧化納…川、氣 匕鉀κ2ο)或其組合，且驗土族氧化物為氧化鎂⑽⑴、 f味（㈤）或其組合。其中，氧化㈣粒徑小於5毫 米的粉狀物，且氧化鈣加入 重量百分比的50%。纟量不大於去除水份之於泥總 金屬氫氧:物可為驗金族或鹼土族氫氧化物，且 五屬氫氧化物之形式為粉末 化物為氫氧化鐘αΚ)Η)、^液。較佳地，驗金族氮氣 (ΚΟΗ)或其組合，且驗土^化納（恥⑽）、氫氧化卸 氧化約（Ca_2)或其以^氧化鎮㈤_)小氣 鈉的濃度為15至27莫耳、農声、中，洛液形式之氫氧化 份之於泥總重量百分比的且加入的量不大於去除水 在本發明一實施例中， 咖卜且較佳為咖至❿^處理的溫度為侧至 為達上述目的，依攄太 經加工處理㈣明的—種建築材料係由於泥 後柱所仔。其中，此 一組合物至於泥以提供金屬（二 包括以下步驟：加入 入組合物的游泥。 子及氫氧根以及熱處理加 在本發明一實施例中，加 的步驟前，更包含處理於加入組合物至游泥 在本發明j ^ v部分水份的一步驟。 个货a -«實施例中， 氧化物或其組合。 ’ σ物為金屬氧化物、金屬氫 上述金屬氧化物可為鹼金 地，鹼金族氧彳巧赋金族或鹼土族氧化物。較佳 為氧化鐘⑴2〇)、氧化納（Na2〇)、氧 201210982 化鉀（to)或其組合，且鹼土 氧化辦（CaO)或其把合。、氧化物為氧化鎂（Mg〇)、 金屬— 金族或驗土族氮氧化物，且 化物：气Μ之形式為粉末或溶液。較佳地，鹼金族氫氧 .==1(贿）、4氧化續_)、氫氧化钟 (ΚΟΗ或其組s，且驗土族氫氧化物為 氫氧化鈣（Ca(OH)2)或其組人。 gl )2； 及其==本發；的，一的建築材料 及其製造方法，可直接使用纽 的水庫淤泥，爾後在含水量仍古：〔：：，甚至未脫水’ 物提供金屬離子及氮氧根，便能提高_ 使力= ^樣，故《魏料細料料亦㈣造適合的建 ί =與===據本發明方法及製造所得的 建J材# 了免除需要大量消耗能源又礦曰廢時的扭乾及 研磨程序，是以更經濟有效的作業方式同 濟 及環境保護兩大課題。此外，本發明所添加的化學= 可以進一步降低熱處理時的溫度需求，避免製造過程t 高的設備m監及能源需求，減少產出之建築材料的單= 本，故實際應用時，更能吸弓卜廠商投入，使 以來的問題能找到解決之道。 庫於/尼長久 【實施方式】 以下將參照相關圖式，說明依本發 種齡泥製造建築材料方法及應用此方法製造實 7 201210982 料，其中相同的元件將以相同的元件符號加以說明。 依據本發明方法可以調整淤泥的化學成分及性質，使 其成為適於建築應用的材料。其中，本發明中所稱之「淤 泥」一詞係概指任何高含水量的泥沙，其可以為任何水體 下自然存在、沉積或人工棄置的土壤、泥土、泥沙、沙石、 粉土、黏土或岩屑，且含水量不超過本身重量百分比150% 者（依據粉體粒度計算）。又或者，淤泥為本身組成粉體 之平均粒徑範圍為50um至0.5um者。舉例而言，本發明 所稱之淤泥為下水道污泥、沼澤地或濕地的溼泥或河川、 湖泊、海口的泥沙，本發明在此不限。然而，淤泥較佳係 為水庫於泥。 再者，上述所稱之「建築材料」一詞係概指任何可以 用於建構或組成人造建物或其部份的材料。其中，建築材 .料較佳係為輕質骨材、輕質磚或發泡板。本發明所稱之「輕 質骨材」係指人造的礦物及岩石建築材料，密度在1.0至 1.8 g/cm3之間，可用於製備混凝土建築、輕質結構混凝 土、預鑄混凝土的主體材料。輕質骨材因為密度較傳統礫 石骨材低，由其製備之混凝土具有質輕的特點，可大幅降 低基礎結構設施的重量及震動慣性力。至於，輕質磚則可 表現與輕質骨材相似的性質，惟其形狀上係呈磚塊或碑頭 狀，以適用於特定的建築需求及設計。 圖1為依據本發明較佳實施例之一種淤泥製造建築材 料方法的步驟流程圖。請參考圖1所示，在本實施例中， 淤泥製造建築材料方法，包括以下步驟加入一組合物至淤 201210982 泥（S11)以及熱處理加入組合物的於泥（S13)。其中， 淤泥係為水庫淤泥，且較佳的是其化學組成包含製造建箨 材料所需的基本原料，如氧化石夕（Si〇2 )、氧化銘（从〇3 )、 發泡劑如氧化鐵（Fe2〇3)、氧化鉀（K2〇)、氧化鎮（Mg〇) 以及有機質碳。就處理程序而言，在本實施例中，於泥較 佳係藉由水庫浚渫處理後所取得的淤泥，其中，浚渫處理 可以為機械或水力方式，前者係利用機械設備清=庫内 於積之泥砂，後者係利用水工結構物及其適當之操作，藉 由水力使其沉積或進入水庫之泥砂排入下游河首 =考圖i所示’依據本實施例之於泥二建築材料 行加入一組合物至於泥的—步驟(叫 屬氧根。其中，組合物的成分可包含金 屬氧化物、金屬氫氧化物或其組合，須 料選擇搭配並調整比例。舉例而言，若製成的建桌材 入的較佳組合物是包含金屬氧化物及金 金屬氫氧化物;製造輕質碑，較佳 的、，且δ物疋包3金屬氧化物及金屬氫氧化物，且 二匕:略高；至於製造輕質發泡材，較佳的組合物是包含 金屬氧化物緑屬氫氧化物，但金屬氫氣化物比例略高。 土旅=#而1 $佳地’上述金屬氧化物為驗金族或驗 族氧化物，金屬氫氧化物為驗金族或驗土族氫氧化物， 加入後與於泥均㈣拌混合。當上述化學物質加入水 續建執Ϊ中的驗金族或驗土族金屬離子可降低後 續建桌材料的熱處理溫度。另外，由於於泥中含有一定水 201210982 知“口入驗金族或驗土族金屬氣化 f共錢根，其再_泥雜反輕，=㈣會反應並 有助於提高於泥勒度。另外，驗金：，及石夕元素， 於本身解離後同樣可釋放金屬離子及氫氧化物由 同功效。 L氧根’故可達成相 白 方法係以棋乾研磨的万式來 a 度，避免因為含水量太高，於泥成稀狀泥的固化程 在本發明中可藉由加入含有金屬氧.化C然而， 物之組合物的方式，提供足夠的氫氧根^金屬氫氧化 使—度提高而呈膠狀，是以，心^成份反應， 研磨的狀況下，直接進行後續處理。_以在不經烘乾 在本實施例中，鹼金族氧化物更佳 更佳為氧化鎂(酬、氧賴ca〇)或其=族:: 氮氧化物更佳為氣氧化鋰（Li0H)、氮氧化;族 虱氧化鉀（KOH)或其組合，且驗土族氫氧化物更佳為氫 氧化鎂（Mg(〇H)2)、氫氧化鈣（ca(〇H)2)或其組合。至 於組合物所含的金屬氧化物其形式例如為純物質的粉末 或顆粒’或含有該金屬氧化物之混合物粉末或顆粒。所含 的金屬氫氧化物其形式例如為純物質的粉末或顆粒、或含 有該金屬氫氧化物之混合物的粉末或顆粒、或上述兩者調 配的溶液。其中，純物質係包含於產生或製造過程中因不 可控制的條件或瑕疯而導致含有微量雜質者。至於’金屬 氧化物及金屬氫氧化物的原料來源可為經由量產方式製 10 201210982 造或天然產生。另外，特別值得說明的是，由於煉鋼產生 的廢料轉爐渣中含有豐富的氧化鈣，故亦可用作為金屬氧 化的原料來源。 舉一實例而言，在本實施例中，若欲製造輕質骨材， 加入的組合物所含的金屬氧化物為粒徑小於5毫米的氧化 鈣粉末，且當組合物加入淤泥時，其加入的量不大於淤泥 總重量百分比的50%。至於，所含的金屬氫氧化物為濃度 為15至27莫耳濃度之溶液形式的氫氧化鈉，且其加入的 φ 量不大於淤泥總重量百分比的30%。 請參考圖1所示，在本實施例中，於完成加入組合物 至淤泥的步驟S11後，再進行熱處理加入組合物的淤泥的 » 一步驟（S13)。其中，熱處理可以為燒結或燒製的作為， 其係提供一定的熱條件予加入化學物質的淤泥，以達到減 低建築材料之燒製溫度，並依據添加化學藥劑種類含量， 可幫助其發泡行為。在本實施例中，熱處理的溫度為700 至l，500t：，較佳為800至1,30(TC，且溫度區間15°C，升 ® 溫速率15°C/m，持溫30分鐘。然而，實際應用本發明方 法時，熱處理的溫度應與添加的化學物質成定比例的配 合，舉例而言，當加入於泥中的氧化i弓較多時，熱處理的 溫度會升高；而加入淤泥中的氫氧化鈉較多時，熱處理的 溫度則會降低。另外，升溫速率則可倚賴使用生產之窯爐 決定，以較快之升溫速率為最佳選擇。 在本實施例中，當完成步驟S11至S13後，可使淤泥 改變化學性質而形成建築材料（如圖2所示，其為添加利 11 201210982201210982 VI. Description of the Invention: TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a building material, and more particularly to a method of manufacturing a building material using sludge. The invention also relates to a building material made of sludge. [Prior Art] Due to the natural and human nature, the reservoirs in the Taiwan area are quickly deposited. At this stage, the silt after the reservoir is mostly disposed of. This method not only does not meet the economic benefits, but also easily causes secondary pollution. If it can be used for resources, then Can achieve a win-win situation between the environment and the economy. Due to the certain chemical composition and physical properties, the sludge has the potential to fire building materials, especially lightweight aggregates, which have excellent properties such as light weight, strength and flame resistance. They can replace traditional sandstone and provide sludge treatment. Excellent way out. However, several methods for manufacturing building materials are known to require prior drying and grinding of the raw materials prior to processing, which is quite complicated, resulting in inconvenience in many processes or prolonged manufacturing man-hours. In addition, since the reservoir sludge itself is rich in water, if the building materials are removed by removing moisture in advance, it will inevitably require a large amount of energy, which in turn will increase the production cost and inevitably reduce the willingness of the manufacturers to participate or invest. Therefore, how to provide a low-energy sludge manufacturing method for building materials, which can directly use the reservoir sludge for continuous manufacturing process without prior drying and grinding process, thereby saving energy consumption and production cost, and simultaneously achieving The 201210982 purpose of recycling and recycling green buildings has become an important issue. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In view of the above problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing a building material with low energy consumption, which can directly use the reservoir sludge for a continuous manufacturing process without prior drying and grinding process. It not only saves energy consumption and production costs, but also achieves the purpose of recycling and recycling green buildings. To achieve the above object, a method of manufacturing a building material according to a sludge of the present invention comprises the steps of: adding a composition to a moisture-removed sludge to provide metal ions and hydroxides, and heat-treating the sludge to be added to the composition. Among them, the silt is a reservoir silt, and the building materials are lightweight aggregates, lightweight bricks and/or foamed sheets. In one embodiment of the invention, the method further comprises the step of removing at least a portion of the moisture of the sludge prior to the step of adding the composition to the sludge. In one embodiment of the invention, prior to the step of heat treating the sludge added to the composition, the method further comprises the step of treating the sludge added to the composition by vacuum aliming. In one embodiment of the invention, prior to the step of heat treating the sludge added to the composition, the method further comprises the step of forming the sludge to which the composition is added into a green pellet. In an embodiment of the invention, the composition comprises a metal oxide, a metal hydroxide or a combination thereof. The above metal oxide may be a gold or family of earth oxides. Preferably, in the case of 201210982, the gold test compound is oxygen fine (1), oxidized sodium, gas, potassium or potassium, or a combination thereof, and the soil oxide is magnesium oxide (10) (1), f ((5)) or a combination thereof. Among them, the powder of the (iv) particle size of less than 5 mm is oxidized, and the calcium oxide is added to 50% by weight. The amount of lanthanum is not greater than the total amount of water removed from the mud. The material may be a gold or alkaline earth hydroxide, and the five hydroxides are in the form of a powdered hydroxide (氢氧化 Κ) 、) . Preferably, the gold test group of nitrogen (ΚΟΗ) or a combination thereof, and the soil test (small (10)), the oxidation of water (about 2 (Ca)) or its oxidation of (5) _) sodium concentration of 15 to 27 Moor, agricultural sound, medium, and the amount of the hydroxide in the form of a liquid in the total weight of the mud is added in an amount not greater than the amount of water removed in an embodiment of the present invention, and is preferably treated to the surface of the present invention. The temperature is from side to side for the above purpose, and the building material according to the processing of the Taijing (four) is due to the post-mud column. Wherein, the composition is applied to the mud to provide the metal (the second step comprises the following steps: adding the mud to the composition. The sub-hydrogen and the heat treatment are added to an embodiment of the invention, and the step of adding further comprises a step of adding the composition to the mud in the moisture of the j v v part of the present invention. The cargo a - «in the embodiment, the oxide or a combination thereof. ' σ is a metal oxide, metal hydrogen, the metal oxide may be Alkali gold, alkali metal oxysulfonate or gold or alkaline earth oxide. It is preferably oxidized clock (1) 2 〇), sodium oxide (Na 2 〇), oxygen 201210982 potassium (to) or a combination thereof, and alkaline earth oxidation ( CaO) or its combination. The oxide is magnesium oxide (Mg〇), metal-gold or soil-tested family nitrogen oxides, and the form of gas: gas is a powder or a solution. Preferably, the alkali metal oxyhydrogen.==1 (bribe), 4 oxidized _), the hydrazine clock (ΚΟΗ or its group s, and the soil-based hydroxide is calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) Or its group. gl ) 2; and its == this hair; one, the building materials and their manufacturing methods, can directly use the New York reservoir silt, and then the water content is still ancient: [::, even not dehydrated ' When the metal ion and the nitrogen oxide are supplied, the _ force can be increased, so that the fine material of the material is also (4) suitable for the construction of the construction material ί = and === according to the method of the invention and the construction of the J material# It eliminates the need for a large amount of energy consumption and the twisting and grinding process when the mine is depleted. It is a more cost-effective way to work with both the economy and the environment. In addition, the chemical added by the invention can further reduce the temperature requirement during the heat treatment, avoid the equipment supervision and energy demand of the high manufacturing process t, and reduce the single material of the produced building materials, so that it can be sucked in practical application. The investment of the manufacturers has enabled the problems to be solved. [Embodiment] Hereinafter, a method for manufacturing a building material according to the present invention will be described with reference to the related drawings, and the same components will be described with the same component symbols. According to the method of the present invention, the chemical composition and properties of the sludge can be adjusted to make it suitable for building applications. The term "sludge" as used in the present invention refers to any sediment having a high water content, which may be soil, soil, sediment, sand, silt naturally occurring, deposited or artificially disposed under any water body. , clay or cuttings, and the water content does not exceed 150% by weight of its own (calculated according to the particle size). Alternatively, the sludge is an organic powder having an average particle size ranging from 50 um to 0.5 um. For example, the sludge referred to in the present invention is a sewage sludge of a sewage, a wet mud of a wetland or a wetland, or a sediment of a river, a lake, or a seaport, and the present invention is not limited thereto. However, the sludge is preferably a reservoir in the mud. Furthermore, the term "building materials" as used herein refers to any material that can be used to construct or form an artificial structure or part thereof. Among them, the building material is preferably a lightweight aggregate, a lightweight brick or a foamed board. The term "lightweight aggregate" as used in the present invention refers to an artificial mineral and rock building material having a density of 1.0 to 1.8 g/cm3, which can be used for preparing a concrete building, a lightweight structural concrete, and a concrete material of concrete. Because lightweight materials are lower in density than conventional gravel aggregates, the concrete produced by them has the characteristics of light weight, which can greatly reduce the weight and vibration inertia of the infrastructure. As for lightweight bricks, they can behave like lightweight aggregates, but they are shaped like bricks or monuments to suit specific architectural needs and designs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 is a flow chart showing the steps of a method for manufacturing a building material from a sludge in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Referring to Fig. 1, in the present embodiment, a method for manufacturing a building material by sludge comprises the steps of adding a composition to a sludge 201210982 (S11) and heat-treating the composition (S13). Among them, the sludge is a reservoir sludge, and preferably its chemical composition contains the basic raw materials required for the manufacture of building materials, such as oxidized stone Xi (2), oxidized (from 〇3), foaming agent such as oxidation. Iron (Fe2〇3), potassium oxide (K2〇), oxidized town (Mg〇), and organic carbon. In terms of the processing procedure, in the present embodiment, the mud is preferably obtained by the treatment of the reservoir, wherein the treatment can be mechanical or hydraulic, and the former is cleaned by mechanical equipment. The mud sand, the latter uses the hydraulic structure and its proper operation, and the mud sand deposited or entered into the reservoir is discharged into the downstream river head by hydraulic force = shown in Figure 1 'In the case of the second building material according to the embodiment The step of adding a composition to the mud (called oxygenate), wherein the composition of the composition may comprise a metal oxide, a metal hydroxide or a combination thereof, and the materials are selected and proportioned. For example, if The preferred composition for the construction of the table comprises metal oxides and gold metal hydroxides; the manufacture of light monuments, preferably, and the inclusion of metal oxides and metal hydroxides, and : slightly higher; as for the manufacture of lightweight foaming materials, the preferred composition comprises a metal oxide green hydroxide, but the metal hydrogenate ratio is slightly higher. Tu Lu = #而1 $佳地'The above metal oxide For the gold or family The metal hydroxide is a gold-receiving group or a soil-reducing hydroxide. After the addition, it is mixed with the mud (4). When the above chemical substances are added to the water, the gold-receiving or soil-testing metal ions in the slab can be reduced. The heat treatment temperature of the table material. In addition, because the mud contains a certain amount of water 201210982, it is known that “the mouth is inspected by the gold or the soil of the soil tester, and the gas is re-light, and the (four) will react and help. In addition, the gold test: and the stone element, after the dissociation itself, can also release the metal ions and hydroxides by the same effect. L-oxygen can be achieved by the method of chess The degree of a degree is avoided, because the water content is too high, and the solidification process of the mud-formed mud can provide sufficient hydrogen in the present invention by adding a composition containing metal oxygen, however. Oxygen metal hydroxide is improved in gelatinous state, and is directly processed after being reacted by the heart component. In the case of no drying, in the present embodiment, alkali metal oxidation Better and better for magnesium oxide (reward, oxygen Lai 〇) or its = group:: The nitrogen oxide is more preferably lithium oxychloride (Li0H), oxynitride, potassium oxyhydroxide (KOH) or a combination thereof, and the soil-based hydroxide is more preferably magnesium hydroxide (Mg ( 〇H) 2), calcium hydroxide (ca(〇H)2) or a combination thereof. The metal oxide contained in the composition is in the form of, for example, a powder or granule of a pure substance or a mixture powder containing the metal oxide. Or a granule. The metal hydroxide contained therein is, for example, a powder or granule of a pure substance, or a powder or granule containing a mixture of the metal hydroxide, or a solution prepared by the above. The source of raw materials containing trace impurities due to uncontrollable conditions or madness during production or manufacturing. As for the raw material source of 'metal oxides and metal hydroxides, it can be produced or produced naturally by mass production method 201210982. In addition, it is particularly worth mentioning that since the waste converter slag produced by steel making is rich in calcium oxide, it can also be used as a raw material source for metal oxidation. As an example, in the present embodiment, if a lightweight aggregate is to be produced, the added composition contains a metal oxide which is a calcium oxide powder having a particle diameter of less than 5 mm, and when the composition is added to the sludge, The amount added is no more than 50% by weight of the total weight of the sludge. As the metal hydroxide is contained, it is sodium hydroxide in the form of a solution having a concentration of 15 to 27 mols, and the amount of φ added is not more than 30% by weight based on the total weight of the sludge. Referring to Fig. 1, in the present embodiment, after the step S11 of adding the composition to the sludge is completed, the heat treatment is added to the sludge of the composition (step S13). Wherein, the heat treatment may be a sintering or firing process, which provides a certain thermal condition to the sludge of the chemical substance to reduce the firing temperature of the building material, and may help the foaming behavior according to the content of the added chemical agent. . In the present embodiment, the heat treatment temperature is 700 to 1,500 t:, preferably 800 to 1,30 (TC, and the temperature range is 15 ° C, the temperature is 15 ° C / m, and the temperature is maintained for 30 minutes. However, when the method of the present invention is actually applied, the temperature of the heat treatment should be proportional to the added chemical substance. For example, when the oxidation i-axis added to the mud is more, the temperature of the heat treatment is increased; When the amount of sodium hydroxide in the sludge is large, the temperature of the heat treatment is lowered. In addition, the rate of temperature rise can be determined by using the furnace to be produced, and the temperature increase rate is the best choice. In this embodiment, when the completion is completed After steps S11 to S13, the sludge can be changed to chemical properties to form a building material (as shown in Fig. 2, which is added to benefit 11 201210982
It::::添加含有2顶氫氧化納溶液的，组合物，並以 C及m〇c熱處理所形成的建築材料的剖面圖X曰 : 然依據本發明的方法可製造輕質骨 , 4或愈泡板，但由於三者在性質上的差異，在製 k過釭中仍必須對應調整組合物的組成。 據此’應用本發明之方法可將於泥製成建築材料，尤 其係過去視為廢棄物的水庫於泥，並且藉由添加適當的組 σ物來取代習知的烘乾研磨程序，不僅減少加工時間，縮 〇製程步驟，還可降低熱處理時的溫度，進一部減少能源 4耗，成為更環保的綠色建材。 圖3為依據本發明另一較佳實施例之齡泥製造建築材 料的方法。請參考圖3所示，本實施例的步驟大致上與前 述實施例相同，且已詳述於上，於此不再贅述，椎有部分 步驟略有出入’以下將進一步說明。首先，依據本實施例 ^ 於泥製造建築材料方法於加入組合物至淤泥的步驟 月1J ’更包含去除淤泥至少部分水份的一步驟（)。其中， 經由步驟S31後，去除部分水分的於泥其水分含量可介於 總重里百分比的5%至50%。在本實施例中，經由步驟S31 後，於泥的水份含量係為總重量百分比的3〇%。去除於泥 水伤的方法並無特別限制，而可以為例如I空過滤、，其係 利用真空使過濾介質一側減壓’造成介質兩侧產生壓力 差，將淤泥中所含水分強制濾過介質的一種淤泥脫水方 法，一般可以透過操作真空過濾機來完成。然而，須特別 強3周的疋，去除淤泥水份時，並不需要如習知方法一樣， 12 201210982 完全去除淤泥中所含的水份，尤其係不需要實施烘乾處理 及其後配合的研磨、粉碎程序，因而能節省大量能源及加 工時間。另外，在本實施例中，於執行步驟S31前，淤泥 更佳係先透過操作泥漿過濾機以過濾雜質，去除淤泥中的 雜物，例如石頭或樹枝等。 請再參考圖3所示，本實施例另外於熱處理加入組合 物的淤泥的步驟S39前更包含利用真空練泥方式處理加入 組合物的淤泥的一步驟（S35)。練泥係使淤泥中的空氣能 φ 盡量排出，尤其係在與化學物質均勻攪拌時混入的部份空 氣，以避免製成建築材料後妨礙其性質。其中，練泥可以 由機械化動力設備或人工的方式進行，本發明在此不限。 在本實施例中，係藉由將淤泥置入真空攪拌機中，進行抽 氣練泥完成。 同樣請參考圖3所示，在本實施例中，於熱處理加入 組合物的淤泥的步驟前，本發明方法更包含將加入組合物 且經過真空練泥的淤泥成型為一生坯粒料的一步驟 • (S37)。其中，成型的方式可例如為將淤泥置入成型機， 再依照建築材料的外型需求，依序通過擠出及切割而製 成。至於成型後的生坯粒料外型可例如但不限於球狀、板 狀、長管狀、短管狀、方塊狀或立方狀。而在步驟S37後， 最後再於步驟S39中，熱處理加入組合物且經過成型的淤 泥。 本發明另揭露一種建築材料，其係由淤泥經加工處理 所得，其中該加工處理包含加入一組合化物至於泥以及熱 13 201210982 處理加入組合物的淤泥。由於此加工處理的技術内容及特 徵實質上與前述實施例中揭露的方法相同，且已詳述於 .上’於此不再贅述。另夕卜，值得—提的是，此建築材料在 加工過私中’於加人組合物前，較佳係先去除部分水分， 並於熱處理之前，加以真空練泥及⑽，其技㈣容及實 施細節皆可參考前述本發明方法的實施例。 以下將舉數個實驗例，並以製造輕質骨材為目標，以 證明依據本發明之方法可藉由添加組合物，使在省金供 乾研磨程序的情況τ，仍㈣造具有相似物理及機械性質 =建築材料。至於，製造其他建築材料的實施細節可參照 則逑說明書的内容進行調整，以下則科――列舉。 實驗例1 本發明方法製造的建築材料 採取石門水庫之於/尼，取樣於泥先經過泥聚過遽機過 ^再置人真空過㈣，去除部分水.份後維持含水量约佔 ，百刀比的3G%。》別添力σ含有漠度為2_、23Μ、麵 =氧化鈉（NaOH)溶液的組合物，且組合物中氮氣化 今液的量分別佔於泥重量百分比的7抓、6爲及。 %岣勾攪拌與混合後，進行成型造粒而呈球狀。熱處理成 型後的淤泥，其條件為溫度1〇85〇c至1145艽，溫度區間 be，升溫速率15。0/分鐘，持溫3〇分鐘。請參考圖4所 示’熱處理完成後所形成輕質骨材外觀呈現褐黃色，且表 面皆披覆著一層似釉的物質，該物質即為玻璃相，因為玻 螭相的包覆讓依據本發明方法所製成的輕質骨材擁有較 14 201210982 少開放性孔隙’可防止水分參入，係為一種低吸水率的建 築材料。另外，值得一提的是，本實驗例之組合物亦可同 時含有氧化鈣，其含量可為淤泥重量百分比之〇%至3%， 亦可製成相同的輕質骨#。 實驗例2實驗例1建築材料的體密度分析 利用ASTM C373之步驟，或稱阿基米得法 (Archimedes，Principle)，計算實驗例j中製造所得之輕 質骨材的體密度如圖5所示。分析可知，輕質骨材的體密 度=加人的氫氧仙紐丨t度提高而降低，此現象是由 於高濃度之氫氧化鋼溶液能提供較充足之麵相，讓輕質 骨材包覆更多氣體’形成較多的孔洞，降低體密度。溫度 方面，輕質骨材的體密度大都隨溫度提高而降低，原因是 高溫有助於玻璃相形成，發泡效果較好，形成較多孔洞降 低體密度。 根據本領域習知標準，輕質骨材的體密度需介於ι 〇 至1.8 g/Cm3。對照圖5所示的結果，依據本發明方法，在 未經烘乾研磨的情況下，水庫淤泥製程的輕質骨材其體密 度大都’丨於1.1至1.6 g/cm3，符合輕質骨材之標準。證明 應用本發明方法處理而未經烘乾之淤泥直接燒製的建築 材料，可達到一般輕質骨材的標準要求。 實驗例3實驗例1建築材料的抗壓強度分析 利用萬用 5式驗機（Material Testing Systems，MTS )對 15 201210982 實驗例1中製造所得之輕質骨材進行抗壓強度測試，其鍺It:::: A sectional view of a building material formed by adding a composition containing two top sodium hydroxide solutions and heat-treating with C and m〇c. X: However, lightweight bone can be produced according to the method of the present invention, 4 Or the bubble plate, but due to the difference in properties of the three, it is still necessary to adjust the composition of the composition in the process of making k. According to this, the method of the present invention can be used to make building materials into mud, especially in the past as a reservoir of waste, and to replace the conventional drying and grinding procedure by adding appropriate group σ, not only reducing Processing time, shrinking process steps, can also reduce the temperature during heat treatment, and further reduce energy consumption to become a greener building material. Fig. 3 is a view showing a method of manufacturing building materials from aged clay according to another preferred embodiment of the present invention. Referring to Fig. 3, the steps of the present embodiment are substantially the same as those of the foregoing embodiment, and have been described in detail above, and will not be described again herein, and some steps of the spine are slightly different. First, according to the present embodiment, the step of adding the composition to the sludge in the method of manufacturing the building material by the mud further comprises a step () of removing at least a part of the moisture of the sludge. Wherein, after step S31, the moisture content of the portion of the moisture removed may be between 5% and 50% of the total weight. In the present embodiment, after the step S31, the moisture content in the mud is 3% by weight based on the total weight percentage. The method for removing the muddy water injury is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, I air filtration, which uses a vacuum to decompress one side of the filter medium to cause a pressure difference between the two sides of the medium, and forcibly filter the moisture contained in the sludge through the medium. A sludge dewatering method can generally be accomplished by operating a vacuum filter. However, it is necessary to be particularly strong for 3 weeks. When the sludge moisture is removed, it does not need to be the same as the conventional method. 12 201210982 Completely remove the water contained in the sludge, especially if it is not necessary to carry out drying treatment and subsequent cooperation. Grinding and pulverizing procedures can save a lot of energy and processing time. Further, in the present embodiment, before the execution of the step S31, it is preferred that the sludge is first passed through the operation of the mud filter to filter impurities, and impurities such as stones or branches are removed from the sludge. Referring to Fig. 3 again, this embodiment further includes a step (S35) of treating the sludge added to the composition by a vacuum mud method before the step S39 of heat treatment of the sludge added to the composition. The mud system allows the air in the sludge to be discharged as much as possible, especially in the air that is mixed with the chemical when it is evenly stirred, to avoid the property of the building material. Among them, the practice of the mud can be carried out by mechanized power equipment or by manual means, and the present invention is not limited thereto. In the present embodiment, the pumping is completed by placing the sludge in a vacuum agitator. Referring also to FIG. 3, in the present embodiment, before the step of heat-treating the sludge added to the composition, the method of the present invention further comprises a step of molding the sludge which is added to the composition and subjected to vacuum-paste to form a green pellet. • (S37). Among them, the molding method may be, for example, placing the sludge into a molding machine and then sequentially extruding and cutting according to the appearance of the building material. The green pellet shape after molding may be, for example but not limited to, a spherical shape, a plate shape, a long tubular shape, a short tubular shape, a square shape or a cubic shape. After the step S37, and finally in the step S39, the composition is added and the formed sludge is subjected to heat treatment. The invention further discloses a building material obtained by processing a sludge, wherein the processing comprises adding a composition to the mud and heat 13 201210982 to treat the sludge added to the composition. The technical content and features of this processing are substantially the same as those disclosed in the foregoing embodiments, and have been described in detail above. In addition, it is worth mentioning that the building material is processed in the private sector before the addition of the composition, it is preferred to remove some of the water first, and before the heat treatment, vacuum the mud and (10), the skill (four) capacity Reference may be made to the embodiments of the foregoing method of the invention. In the following, several experimental examples will be given, and the manufacture of lightweight aggregates will be aimed at demonstrating that the method according to the present invention can be used to provide a similar physical physics in the case of a dry-grinding process by adding a composition. And mechanical properties = building materials. As for the implementation details of the manufacture of other building materials, please refer to the contents of the manual for adjustment, the following section - enumeration. Experimental Example 1 The building material manufactured by the method of the present invention is taken from the Shimen Reservoir, and sampled in the mud first through the mud polycondensation machine and then placed in a vacuum (4) to remove some water and maintain the water content. 3G% of the knife ratio. 》Do not add σ to the composition containing the inversion of 2_, 23Μ, surface = sodium oxide (NaOH) solution, and the amount of nitrogenated liquid in the composition accounts for 7% and 6% of the weight of the mud, respectively. After stirring and mixing, the sputum was molded and granulated to form a spherical shape. The heat-formed sludge is subjected to a temperature of 1〇85〇c to 1145艽, a temperature range be, a heating rate of 15.0/min, and a temperature of 3 〇 minutes. Please refer to Figure 4, after the heat treatment is completed, the appearance of the lightweight aggregate is brownish yellow, and the surface is covered with a layer of glazed material. The material is the glass phase, because the coating of the glassy phase is based on this. The lightweight aggregate made by the method of the invention has less open pores than 201210982, which prevents moisture from entering, and is a building material with low water absorption. In addition, it is worth mentioning that the composition of the present experimental example may also contain calcium oxide at a level of from 〇% to 3% by weight of the sludge, and may also be made into the same lightweight bone #. Experimental Example 2 Experimental Example 1 Bulk Density Analysis of Building Materials Using the procedure of ASTM C373, or Archimedes (Principle), the bulk density of the lightweight aggregate produced in Experimental Example j was calculated as shown in FIG. . The analysis shows that the bulk density of the lightweight aggregate = the increase of the oxymanganese t-degree is increased, this phenomenon is due to the high concentration of the hydroxide steel solution can provide a sufficient surface, allowing lightweight aggregates Covering more gases 'forms more holes and reduces body density. In terms of temperature, the bulk density of lightweight aggregates decreases with increasing temperature, because the high temperature contributes to the formation of the glass phase, and the foaming effect is better, forming a porous hole to reduce the bulk density. The bulk density of lightweight aggregates is between ι 1.8 and 1.8 g/cm3, according to standard practice in the art. According to the results shown in Fig. 5, according to the method of the present invention, the lightweight aggregate of the reservoir sludge process has a bulk density of 1.1 to 1.6 g/cm3, which is in compliance with the lightweight aggregate without drying and grinding. The standard. It is proved that the building materials which are directly fired by the untreated sludge by the method of the present invention can meet the standard requirements of general lightweight aggregates. Experimental Example 3 Experimental Example 1 Compressive Strength Analysis of Building Materials The compressive strength test of the lightweight aggregate produced in Experimental Example 1 of 15 201210982 was carried out using a Material Testing Systems (MTS).
果如圖6所示。輕質骨材的抗壓強度大致上係與加入的A 氧化鈉溶液及熱處理的溫度呈負相關，換言之，加入的氫 氧化鈉溶液濃度愈高或熱處理的溫度愈高，均會降低輕質 骨材的抗壓強度。上述現象主要原因為高濃度的氫氧化納 溶液及高溫度條件能提供輕質骨材較足夠的溶融玻瑞 相’有效包覆氣體，達到較佳發泡效果，因此擁有較多孔 隙’故抗壓強度較低。然而，就作為建築材料而言，實驗 例1所製成的輕質骨材足以滿足標準要求，證明本發明方 法製造建築材料的可行性。 、.不上所述’因依據本發明的—H尼製造的建蔡讨 料及其製造方法’可直接使用經過初步脫水，甚至未脱 水，的水庫於泥，隨在含水量仍高的情況下，藉由添加 組合物提供金屬離子錢氧根，便能提—絲度而使其 呈膠狀態樣，故不需錢行料研鮮㈣亦可製造適合 的建築材料。與習知技術相較，依據本發明方練製造戶斤 得的建築材料，可免除需要大量消耗能源又瞻曰廢時的供 乾及研磨程序，是以更經濟有效的作業方式同時兼顧經濟 發展及環境保護兩大闕。此外，本發明所添加的化學物 質還可以進-步降低熱處理時的溫度需求，降低製造過程 中的設備fl檻及能《求，降低產出之建築材料的單位成 本，故實際應㈣，找糾麵投人，使水庫於泥長久 以來的問題能找到解決之道。 以上所述僅為舉例性， 而非為限制性者。任何未脫離 16 201210982 之精神與範.，㈣其進行之等效修 應包括於後附之申請專利範圍中。 更均 【圓式簡單說明】 料方二=:明較佳實施例™製造建築材 建築材料的 A，圖2為圖1所示實施例之方法製造完成的 剖面圖； # 料方=3為依據本發明另—較佳實施例之於泥製造建築材 枓方法的步驟流程圖； 圖4為依據本發明實驗例丨不⑽件造之 枓的外觀圖； 十刊 圖5為實驗例1製造之建築材料的體密度數據分析 圖，以及 圖 圖6為實驗例1製造之建騎料的抗壓強度數據分析 【主要元件符號說明】 S11 〜S13、S31~S39: 17As shown in Figure 6. The compressive strength of lightweight aggregates is roughly negatively correlated with the temperature of the added A sodium oxide solution and the heat treatment. In other words, the higher the concentration of the added sodium hydroxide solution or the higher the heat treatment temperature, the lower the light bone. The compressive strength of the material. The main reason for the above phenomenon is that the high concentration of sodium hydroxide solution and high temperature conditions can provide a sufficient amount of molten Bolivia phase to effectively coat the gas to achieve a better foaming effect, so it has more pores. The compressive strength is low. However, as a building material, the lightweight aggregate produced in Experimental Example 1 was sufficient to meet the standard requirements, demonstrating the feasibility of the method of the present invention for manufacturing building materials. The above-mentioned 'construction and manufacturing method for the construction of H-Ni in accordance with the present invention' can be directly used in the mud after the initial dehydration, or even dehydration, with the water content still high. By adding the composition to provide the metal ion phenolic oxygen, it can be made into a gel state by the silkiness, so that it is possible to manufacture a suitable building material without the need for money. Compared with the prior art, the building materials which are manufactured according to the invention can eliminate the need for a large amount of energy consumption and the drying and grinding process when the waste is exhausted, and the economical and efficient operation mode takes into consideration the economic development. And environmental protection. In addition, the chemical substances added by the invention can further reduce the temperature requirement during the heat treatment, reduce the equipment in the manufacturing process, and can reduce the unit cost of the building materials, so the actual should be (4) Correcting and investing people can solve the problem of the reservoir in the mud for a long time. The foregoing is illustrative only and not limiting. Any spirit and scope that are not divorced from 16 201210982. (4) Equivalent amendments are included in the scope of the patent application attached. More uniform [round simple description] material side two =: Ming preferred embodiment TM manufacturing building material building material A, Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the method of the embodiment shown in Figure 1 manufactured; #料方=3 Figure 4 is a flow chart showing the steps of a method for manufacturing a building material in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 is an external view of a crucible according to an experimental example of the present invention; The bulk density data analysis diagram of the building materials, and Fig. 6 is the compressive strength data analysis of the built-in riding material manufactured in Experimental Example 1 [Main component symbol description] S11~S13, S31~S39: 17