201206003 六、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 [0001] 本發明涉及一種直流供電設備電壓異常保護電路， 尤指一種用以控制直流供電設備於負載電壓之電路。 [0002] 【先前技術】 重要負載所需的直流供電系統之輸出電壓需控制在 一定容許的範圍内，然於直流供電系統於運轉中需供應 負載用電及同時進行對電池的充電動作，系統會提供高 電壓進行快充儲能作業，然這個高電壓一般都會超出負 ❹ 載側設備能容許範圍，因此需再經數個降壓裝置，來調 整達負載側設備能容許之電壓。 [0003] ❹ 上述之直流供電系統若發生外部停電，負載轉由電 池供應用電，讓電池能充分放出其儲存之電力，可於放 電過中適時導通降壓裝置内的旁路開關形成一旁路供應 負载輸出，讓電池經旁路開關直接供應負載用電。然， 該旁路開關如因元件故障或驅動電路失效造成無法導通 ，將使電池仍經降壓裝置降壓供應輸出，造成輸出電壓 偏低，致負載所需電壓品質不良，即縮短電池備援用電 的時間；然當外部市電復電時，電池會重新充電，於電 池趨近飽和時，直流供電系統會由高電壓快充模式轉為 低電壓的浮充模式，於轉換瞬間輸出侧的電壓會因降壓 裝置的旁路開關切換反應時間不夠快速，而造成負載設 備的供電有瞬間暫態低電壓，而引起異常當機之虞慮。 【發明内容】 [0004] 本發明直流供電設備電壓異常保護電路，係為克服 099124114 表單編號A0101 第3頁/共14頁 0992042422-0 201206003 現有直流供電系統不具有對負載輸出用電，有完善的電 壓調整及電壓暫態補償之電路，使負載易因輸出電壓異 常問題造成用電設備的損傷或異常當機。 [0005] [0006] [0007] 因此，本發明之目的，即在提供整流器輸出側的電 壓調整器之降壓元件並聯數旁路開關，旁路開關具有個 別的驅動電路，可防止單一驅動電路失效無法導通數旁 路開關；電壓調整器與負載間設置的電壓暫態補償器， 當直流供電設備由快速充電模式轉浮動充電模式過程中 ，整流器會將電壓調低，於電壓調低瞬間其電壓調整器 仍未能即時導通旁路開關，使輸出電壓仍經降壓元件輸 出，造成短暫的電壓不足，特於本發明設置的電壓暫態 補償器可提供補償電壓，讓負載不因電壓驟降造成輸出 設備當機；直流供電系統於整流器輸出侧連接有過電壓 監控裝置，可監測整流器輸出侧的電壓，若發生電壓過 高異常，會損傷到蓄電池及負載的用電設備時，可控制 外部電源上的斷電開關與整流器輸出側的斷電開關形成 不導通狀態，讓負載用電由蓄電池供應，避免過高之電 壓對負載用電的傷害，上述之斷電開關其中一個不導通 即可達到隔離過電壓之功效。 綜上所述，直流供電設備電壓異常保護電路，具下 列優點： 1. 電壓調整器之數旁路開關，具個別的驅動電路可防 止單一驅動電路失效無法導通數旁路開關。 2. 電壓暫態補償器可避免供電設備由快速充電模式轉 浮動充電模式瞬間過程中，發生輸出電壓驟降造成 099124114 表單編號A0101 第4頁/共14頁 0992042422-0 201206003 負載用電設備的當機.。 3. 過電壓監控裝置可有效的預防過電壓對負載週邊設 備及蓄電池的損傷，提升直流供電設備的本質安全 〇 【實施方式】 [0008] 請參照第1圖所示，本發明直流供電設備電壓異常保 護電路包括有一整流器1、一濾波電容器2、一蓄電池3、 一電壓調整器4、一電壓暫態補償器5、一過電壓監控裝 置6及一防逆流裝置9，其中： ❹ [0009] 請參照第2圖所示，一整流器1係為接受一外部電源7 之電力，並於輸出侧11輸出整流電壓供電。 [0010] 一濾波電容器2，係連接於整流器1之輸出側11，為 濾波充電之用。 [0011] 一蓄電池3，該蓄電池3連接於整流器1輸出側11，於 濾波電容器2之輸出位置，與濾波電容器2呈並聯設置。 Q [0012] 至少一電壓調整器4，係為調整負載8所能容許之電 壓裝置，該電壓調整器4包括至少一降壓元件41及數旁路 開關42 ;該降壓元件41串聯於蓄電池3與負載8之間，該 數旁路開關42分別並聯於降壓元件41 一側，而旁路開關 42為如電磁開關。 [0013] —電壓暫態補償器5係設於電壓調整器4輸出與負載8 之間，為提供短暫低電壓補償用，其包括有至少一單向 導通元件51、一儲能元件52及至少一電阻器53 ;該單向 導通元件51與儲能元件52相互串聯，設於電壓調整器4輸 099124114 表單編號A0101 第5頁/共14頁 0992042422-0 201206003 出與負載8之間；該電阻器53並聯於單向導通元件51之一 侧，電阻器53係會接受整流電壓對儲能元件52進行充電 ，讓儲能元件52可於整流電壓過低時，經單向導通元件 51進行放電，快速輸出電力至負載8，防止負載8因為暫 態的低電壓而導致異常當機的發生。 [0014] [0015] [0016] [0017] 一過電壓監控裝置6，係連接於整流器1輸出侧11， 為監測整流器1輸出側11之電壓，以控制設於外部電源7 上的斷電開關61，及整流器1與蓄電池3間的斷電開關61 〇 一防逆流裝置9，係串聯於蓄電池3與電壓暫態補償 器5之間，可避免電壓暫態補償器5的補償電壓逆流至蓄 電池3造成負載8電壓不足而當機。 請參照第1及2圖所示，本發明之運作流程由整流器1 接受外部電源7並整流，由整流器1之輸出側11輸出整流 電壓供電，並經由濾波電容器2濾波儲存於蓄電池3，及 供應負載8用電。當外部電源7停止供電，則仍可由蓄電 池3繼續放電供應負載8用電，然，蓄電池3與負載8間的 電壓調整器4之降壓元件41，會造成蓄電池3放電過程中 的電壓過低，使蓄電池3備援時間縮短，所以需適時導通 與降壓元件41並聯的數旁路開關42，提供一旁路效果， 讓蓄電池3的電力不因降壓元件41影響負載8供電，該數 旁路開關42具個別的驅動電路（圖未示出），可防止單一 驅動電路失效無法導通旁路開關42。 請參照第2圖所示，上述之外部電源7停電後再回復 099124114 表單編號A0101 第6頁/共14頁 0992042422-0 201206003 ❹ [0018] 供電，整流器1會調高輸出側11之電壓，對蓄電池3進行 快速充電及同時供應負載8電力，快速充電過程中電壓過 高需經由電壓調整器4之降壓元件41，將電壓調整至負載 8容許範圍内輸出；然蓄電池3近充飽電時，會由快速充 電模式轉浮動充電模式，整流器1會將電壓調低，於電壓 調低瞬間，其電壓調整器4因未能即時導通旁路開關42， 使輸出電壓仍經降壓元件41造成輸出電壓偏低不足，為 避免負載8電壓不足，上述之電壓暫態補償器5可提供快 速的補償效果，讓負載8不因電壓瞬間過低造成輸出設備 當機。 Ο 請參照第2圖所示，本發明之過電壓監控裝置6，係 可監測整流器1輸出侧11與電壓暫態補償器5的節點a之電 壓，若發生電壓過高異常，會損傷到蓄電池3及負載8的 用電設備，該過電壓監控裝置6即控制外部電源7上的斷 電開關61與整流器1輸出側11的斷電開關61形成不導通狀 態，讓負載8用電由蓄電池3供應，避免過電壓對負載8用 電設備的傷害，上述之斷電開關61只要其中一個不導通 即可達到隔離過電壓之功效，具有對蓄電池3、濾波電容 器2及負載8用電設備的保護功能，提升直流供電設備的 本質安全。 [0019] 請參照第3圖所示，所述之電壓調整器4可由多個串 聯於整流器1輸出侧11，達更精準調整負載8容許的電壓 值；該電壓暫態補償器5的單向導通元件51及電阻器53可 並聯數個，可防止單一失效造成電壓暫態補償器5的故障 099124114 表單編號A0101 第7頁/共14頁 0992042422-0 201206003 【圖式簡單說明】 [0020] 第1圖：係本發明直流供電設備電壓異常保護電路架構 圖。 [0021] 第2圖：係本發明直流供電設備電壓異常保護電路圖。 [0022] 第3圖：係本發明串聯數電壓調整器電路圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 [0023] 1.整流器 11.輸出侧 [0024] 2.濾波電容器 3.蓄電池 [0025] 4.電壓調整器 41.降壓元件 [0026] 42.旁路開關 5.電壓暫態補償器 [0027] 51.單向導通元件 52.儲能元件 [0028] 5 3.電阻器 6.過電壓監控裝置 [0029] 61.斷電開關 7.外部電源 [0030] 8.負載 9.防逆流裝置 [0031] a.節點 099124114 表單編號A0101 第8頁/共14頁 0992042422-0201206003 VI. Description of the Invention: [Technical Field] The present invention relates to a voltage abnormality protection circuit for a DC power supply device, and more particularly to a circuit for controlling a DC power supply device at a load voltage. [0002] [Prior Art] The output voltage of the DC power supply system required for an important load needs to be controlled within a certain allowable range. However, in the DC power supply system, the load power supply and the charging operation of the battery are simultaneously performed during operation. High voltage will be provided for fast charge storage. However, this high voltage will generally exceed the allowable range of the negative load side equipment. Therefore, several voltage reduction devices are required to adjust the voltage that can be tolerated by the load side equipment. [0003] ❹ In the above-mentioned DC power supply system, if an external power failure occurs, the load is transferred to the battery to supply power, so that the battery can fully discharge the stored power, and the bypass switch in the step-down device can be turned on during the discharge to form a bypass. Supply the load output, let the battery directly supply the load power through the bypass switch. However, if the bypass switch fails to be turned on due to component failure or failure of the drive circuit, the battery will still be supplied with a step-down output through the step-down device, resulting in a low output voltage, resulting in poor voltage quality required for the load, that is, shortening the battery backup. The time of electricity; when the external mains is re-powered, the battery will be recharged. When the battery approaches saturation, the DC power supply system will switch from the high-voltage fast charge mode to the low-voltage floating charge mode. The switching time of the bypass switch of the step-down device is not fast enough, and the power supply of the load device has an instantaneous transient low voltage, which causes an abnormal crash. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION [0004] The DC power supply equipment voltage abnormal protection circuit of the present invention overcomes 099124114 Form No. A0101 Page 3 / Total 14 Page 0992042422-0 201206003 The existing DC power supply system does not have power for the load output, and is perfect. The circuit of voltage adjustment and voltage transient compensation makes the load easily damaged or abnormally crashed due to abnormal output voltage. [0005] Therefore, the object of the present invention is to provide a step-down bypass switch of a voltage regulator of a voltage regulator on the output side of a rectifier, and the bypass switch has an individual drive circuit to prevent a single drive circuit. The failing to turn on the bypass switch; the voltage transient compensator set between the voltage regulator and the load, when the DC power supply device is switched from the fast charging mode to the floating charging mode, the rectifier will lower the voltage, and at the moment the voltage is turned down, The voltage regulator still fails to turn on the bypass switch instantaneously, so that the output voltage is still output through the step-down component, resulting in a short-term voltage shortage. The voltage transient compensator set according to the present invention can provide a compensation voltage, so that the load is not caused by the voltage. The output device is dropped; the DC power supply system is connected with an overvoltage monitoring device on the output side of the rectifier to monitor the voltage on the output side of the rectifier. If an abnormality occurs in the voltage, the battery and the loaded power device may be damaged. The power-off switch on the external power supply and the power-off switch on the output side of the rectifier form a non-conducting state, so that the load is powered by The battery is supplied to avoid the damage of the load caused by the excessive voltage. One of the above-mentioned power-off switches is not conductive to achieve the function of isolating the over-voltage. In summary, the DC power supply equipment voltage abnormal protection circuit has the following advantages: 1. The number of bypass switches of the voltage regulator, with individual drive circuits can prevent the single drive circuit from failing to turn on the bypass switch. 2. The voltage transient compensator can avoid the output voltage dip caused by the power supply device from the fast charging mode to the floating charging mode. 099124114 Form No. A0101 Page 4 / Total 14 Page 0992042422-0 201206003 machine.. 3. The overvoltage monitoring device can effectively prevent the damage of the overvoltage to the surrounding equipment and the battery of the load, and improve the intrinsic safety of the DC power supply equipment. [Embodiment] [0008] Please refer to Figure 1 for the voltage of the DC power supply equipment of the present invention. The abnormal protection circuit comprises a rectifier 1, a filter capacitor 2, a battery 3, a voltage regulator 4, a voltage transient compensator 5, an overvoltage monitoring device 6, and a backflow prevention device 9, wherein: [0009] Referring to FIG. 2, a rectifier 1 receives power from an external power source 7 and outputs a rectified voltage supply on the output side 11. [0010] A filter capacitor 2 is connected to the output side 11 of the rectifier 1 for filtering and charging. [0011] A battery 3 is connected to the output side 11 of the rectifier 1, and is disposed in parallel with the filter capacitor 2 at the output position of the smoothing capacitor 2. [0012] At least one voltage regulator 4 is a voltage device that can be adjusted by the load 8. The voltage regulator 4 includes at least one step-down element 41 and a number of bypass switches 42. The step-down element 41 is connected in series to the battery. Between the load 3 and the load 8, the number of bypass switches 42 are respectively connected in parallel to the side of the step-down element 41, and the bypass switch 42 is, for example, an electromagnetic switch. [0013] a voltage transient compensator 5 is provided between the output of the voltage regulator 4 and the load 8, for providing a brief low voltage compensation, comprising at least one unidirectional conduction element 51, an energy storage element 52 and at least a resistor 53; the unidirectional conduction element 51 and the energy storage element 52 are connected in series with each other, and are disposed between the voltage regulator 4 and the 099124114 form number A0101, page 5/14 pages 0992042422-0 201206003, and the load 8; The device 53 is connected in parallel to one side of the unidirectional conduction element 51. The resistor 53 receives the rectified voltage to charge the energy storage element 52, so that the energy storage element 52 can discharge through the unidirectional conduction element 51 when the rectification voltage is too low. The fast output power to the load 8 prevents the load 8 from being abnormally crashed due to the transient low voltage. [0017] [0017] [0017] An overvoltage monitoring device 6, is connected to the output side 11 of the rectifier 1, to monitor the voltage of the output side 11 of the rectifier 1 to control the power off switch provided on the external power supply 7 61, and the power-off switch 61 between the rectifier 1 and the battery 3, the anti-backflow device 9, is connected in series between the battery 3 and the voltage transient compensator 5, can prevent the compensation voltage of the voltage transient compensator 5 from flowing back to the battery 3 caused the load 8 voltage to be insufficient and crashed. Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, the operational flow of the present invention is received by the rectifier 1 and rectified by the external power source 7, and is outputted by the output side 11 of the rectifier 1 to be supplied with a rectified voltage, filtered by the filter capacitor 2, stored in the battery 3, and supplied. The load 8 is powered. When the external power source 7 stops supplying power, the battery 3 can continue to be discharged and the supply load 8 is powered. However, the step-down element 41 of the voltage regulator 4 between the battery 3 and the load 8 causes the voltage of the battery 3 to be too low during discharge. In order to shorten the backup time of the battery 3, it is necessary to turn on the bypass switch 42 in parallel with the step-down element 41 in time to provide a bypass effect, so that the power of the battery 3 is not affected by the voltage drop element 41 affecting the load 8, the number The switch 42 has an individual drive circuit (not shown) that prevents a single drive circuit from failing to turn on the bypass switch 42. Please refer to Figure 2, the above external power supply 7 is powered off and then back to 099124114 Form No. A0101 Page 6 / Total 14 Page 0992042422-0 201206003 ❹ [0018] Power supply, rectifier 1 will increase the voltage of output side 11, right The battery 3 performs rapid charging and simultaneously supplies the load 8 power. During the rapid charging process, the voltage is too high, and the voltage is adjusted to the output of the load 8 through the step-down element 41 of the voltage regulator 4; From the fast charging mode to the floating charging mode, the rectifier 1 will lower the voltage. When the voltage is turned down, the voltage regulator 4 fails to turn on the bypass switch 42 instantaneously, so that the output voltage is still caused by the step-down element 41. The output voltage is too low, in order to avoid the voltage shortage of the load 8, the above-mentioned voltage transient compensator 5 can provide a fast compensation effect, so that the load 8 does not cause the output device to crash due to the transient voltage being too low. Ο Referring to FIG. 2, the overvoltage monitoring device 6 of the present invention can monitor the voltage of the node a of the rectifier 1 output side 11 and the voltage transient compensator 5, and if the voltage is too high, the battery will be damaged. 3 and the power device of the load 8, the overvoltage monitoring device 6 controls the power-off switch 61 on the external power source 7 and the power-off switch 61 on the output side 11 of the rectifier 1 to form a non-conduction state, and the load 8 is powered by the battery 3. Supply, to avoid the damage of the over-voltage to the load 8 electrical equipment, the above-mentioned power-off switch 61 can achieve the function of isolating the over-voltage as long as one of them is not conducting, and has the protection of the battery 3, the filter capacitor 2 and the load 8 electrical equipment Function to enhance the intrinsic safety of DC power supply equipment. [0019] Referring to FIG. 3, the voltage regulator 4 can be connected in series with the output side 11 of the rectifier 1 to more accurately adjust the voltage value allowed by the load 8; the one-way of the voltage transient compensator 5 The conduction element 51 and the resistor 53 can be connected in parallel to prevent the failure of the voltage transient compensator 5 caused by a single failure. 099124114 Form No. A0101 Page 7 / Total 14 Page 0992042422-0 201206003 [Simplified Schematic] [0020] 1 is a circuit diagram of a circuit for abnormal voltage protection of a DC power supply device according to the present invention. [0021] FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram showing a voltage abnormality protection circuit of a DC power supply device according to the present invention. [0022] FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of a series voltage regulator according to the present invention. [Main component symbol description] [0023] 1. Rectifier 11. Output side [0024] 2. Filter capacitor 3. Battery [0025] 4. Voltage regulator 41. Step-down element [0026] 42. Bypass switch 5. Voltage Transient compensator [0027] 51. Single-conducting element 52. Energy storage element [0028] 5 3. Resistor 6. Overvoltage monitoring device [0029] 61. Power-off switch 7. External power supply [0030] 8. Load 9. Anti-backflow device [0031] a. Node 099124114 Form No. A0101 Page 8 of 14 0992042422-0