201204644 六、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明大體上係關於薄膜生物反應器（MBR)系統，且特 別係關於一種設置於其中之非編織織物薄膜過濾模組及用 於調節微生物混合液以改進該薄膜生物反應器中之通量之 方法。 【先前技術】 熟知用於移除溶解有機物之廢水的生物處理，且其在都 市及工業廠房中廣泛地實行。一種通常被稱為「活性污 泥」方法之處理形式使用微生物，通過其生長及代謝來消 耗有機化合物。該方法必然包括微生物或「生物量」之沈 降’以使其自水中分離且完成降低最終流出物中之生物需 氧量（BOD)及TSS(總懸浮固體）之過程。通常，在一淨化器 單元中進行該沈降步驟。因此，生物方法受制於產生具有 良好沈降特性之生物量的需求。在高有機物負載及出現對 生物量有毒之污染物之間歇期間，此過程可係特別難以維 持，並導致產生大量必須加以處置之過量污泥。已估計用 於該過量污泥處理之費用占廢水處理廠之總費用的4〇至 60〇/〇。 在薄膜生物反應器（MBR)系統中，將流入之廢水泵入或 以重力流入一生物反應器池中，使其與微生物接觸，以生 物降解該廢水中之有機物質。在此等系統中，超濾（UF)、 微濾（MF)、或奈米過濾（NF)薄膜替代生物量之沈降用於固 體-液體分離。充氣裝置（如鼓風機）提供氧氣給該生物量。 149973.doc 201204644 將5亥生物反應器中所含之所得混合液在壓力下通過薄膜過 濾，或在真空下通過薄膜抽取。可將該薄膜浸入該生物反 應器池中或含於獨立的薄膜池中（廢水自該生物反應器池 連續泵入其中）。將澄清水自該系統排出，其具有比來自 淨化器之20至50 mg/L低許多之總懸浮固體（TSS)，通常低 於5 mg/L，且將過量之活性污泥泵出該生物反應器池進入 污泥儲存池，以維持恒定的污泥齡（SRT)。常規上，藉由 逆洗、化學清洗、或兩者來清洗該過濾膜。薄膜生物反應 器（MBR)使該生物過程免除沈降生物量之需求，因為該膜 自水中過篩該生物量。 然而，UF/MF/NF類型微孔薄膜之成本實質上影響MBR 系統之可行性。爲降低該MBR方法之資本成本，曾嘗試使 用具有實質上更低製造成本之非編織織物材料。用於該非 編織MBR系統之大多數非編織織物具有1〇至1〇〇爪爪之平 均孔徑’以獲得高通量率。 由於此大許多之孔徑，出水品質很大程度上取決於在該 非編織織物薄膜表面上形成動態過濾層’其相應地大大降 低該薄膜之通量率《薄膜污染可能係由於懸浮或溶解物質 之表面沈積◊一 MBR薄膜與該生物量（其含有細菌或「絮 狀物」之凝聚物、游離細菌、原生動物、及各種溶解微生 物產物（SMP))連接。已採用術語SMp來定義自基質代謝 (通常係生物量生長）及生物量腐爛釋放到整體微生物混合 液中之有機化合物。 在操作中，膠狀固體及SMP有可能沈積在該薄膜之表面 149973.doc 201204644 上。膠體粒子在該薄膜之表面上形成層，稱為「濾餅 層」。設計MBR方法以利用上升的粗氣泡來在該薄膜之表 面上方提供擾A交又流速度。&方法藉由《少在該薄膜表 面上之濾餅層之累積而有助於維持通過該薄膜之通量。 非編織MBR系統之另一主要缺點係其由於受微生物污泥 絮狀物粒子之内孔堵塞而遭受更嚴重的污染。與習知活性 污泥方法相比’據報告在典型職單元中之絮狀物(粒子) 尺寸小許多。小粒子會堵塞膜孔，係一種可能不可逆之污 染狀況。孔堵塞會增加薄膜阻力並減少薄膜通量。在非編 織腿系統中之孔堵塞可係相當嚴重，以致儘管與用於 MBR之習知薄膜相比具有更高的固有薄膜滲透性’但在操 作中’非編織介質聰系統之實際製程通量通常係不到傳 統聚合物MBR系統之通量率的一半。 除了於普通MBR系統中採行之常見薄膜污染控制方法 (包括空氣沖刷、逆洗及化學清洗)以夕卜已嘗試將化學品 添加至該MBR系統中之混合液中，以調節該混合液並提： 該非編織織物薄膜之過隸。該等過雜改進化學品可使 該活性污泥凝集及絮凝’且進而使膠體及其他混合液組分 結合於絮狀物中。選項包括使用無機凝集劑（如鐵及銘鹽 及紹聚合物)、粉末活性炭(PAC)及其他類型之惰性粒子(例 如’樹脂）、及水溶性聚合物。使用無機凝集劑將增加污 泥的產生且僅適用於狹窄的pH範圍。添加粉末活性炭至 _系統不僅將增加污泥濃度，其亦可能由於受pAc之膜 孔者塞化成不可逆之滲透率損&及由於該Me之磨損性造 149973.doc 201204644201204644 VI. Description of the Invention: [Technical Field] The present invention relates generally to a membrane bioreactor (MBR) system, and more particularly to a non-woven fabric membrane filtration module disposed therein and for regulating microbial mixing Liquid to improve the flux in the membrane bioreactor. [Prior Art] Biological treatment for removing waste water from dissolved organic matter is well known, and it is widely practiced in municipal and industrial plants. A form of treatment commonly referred to as the "active sludge" method uses microorganisms to consume organic compounds through their growth and metabolism. The method necessarily involves the precipitation of microorganisms or "biomass" to separate it from the water and complete the process of reducing the biological oxygen demand (BOD) and TSS (total suspended solids) in the final effluent. Typically, this settling step is carried out in a purifier unit. Therefore, biological methods are constrained by the need to produce biomass with good sedimentation characteristics. During periods of high organic loading and the presence of pollutants that are toxic to biomass, this process can be particularly difficult to maintain and results in a large excess of sludge that must be disposed of. It has been estimated that the cost of this excess sludge treatment is 4 to 60 〇/〇 of the total cost of the wastewater treatment plant. In a membrane bioreactor (MBR) system, the influent wastewater is pumped or gravity fed into a bioreactor tank to contact the microorganisms to biodegrade the organic matter in the wastewater. In such systems, ultrafiltration (UF), microfiltration (MF), or nanofiltration (NF) membranes replace the sedimentation of biomass for solid-liquid separation. An inflator, such as a blower, provides oxygen to the biomass. 149973.doc 201204644 The resulting mixture contained in the 5H bioreactor was filtered through a membrane under pressure or through a membrane under vacuum. The membrane can be immersed in the bioreactor tank or contained in a separate membrane pond (waste water is continuously pumped from the bioreactor tank). The clarified water is discharged from the system, which has a much lower total suspended solids (TSS) than the 20 to 50 mg/L from the purifier, typically less than 5 mg/L, and the excess activated sludge is pumped out of the organism The reactor cell enters the sludge storage tank to maintain a constant sludge age (SRT). Conventionally, the filter membrane is washed by backwashing, chemical cleaning, or both. The membrane bioreactor (MBR) frees the biological process from the need to settle biomass because the membrane screens the biomass from the water. However, the cost of the UF/MF/NF type microporous film substantially affects the feasibility of the MBR system. In order to reduce the capital cost of the MBR process, attempts have been made to use non-woven fabric materials having substantially lower manufacturing costs. Most non-woven fabrics used in this non-woven MBR system have an average pore diameter of 1 〇 to 1 〇〇 claws to achieve a high throughput rate. Due to this large pore size, the quality of the effluent is highly dependent on the formation of a dynamic filter layer on the surface of the nonwoven fabric film, which correspondingly greatly reduces the flux rate of the film. "Thin film contamination may be due to the surface of suspended or dissolved substances. The deposited MBR film is attached to the biomass (which contains bacteria or "floc" agglomerates, free bacteria, protozoa, and various dissolved microbial products (SMP)). The term SMp has been used to define organic compounds that are released from matrix metabolism (usually biomass growth) and biomass decay into the overall microbial mixture. In operation, colloidal solids and SMP may deposit on the surface of the film 149973.doc 201204644. The colloidal particles form a layer on the surface of the film, which is called a "cake layer." The MBR method is designed to utilize the raised coarse bubbles to provide a disturbing A cross flow velocity above the surface of the film. The & method helps to maintain flux through the film by the accumulation of less of the filter cake layer on the surface of the film. Another major drawback of the non-woven MBR system is its more severe contamination due to blockage by the internal pores of the microbial sludge floc particles. Compared to conventional activated sludge processes, the size of the flocs (particles) reported in typical units is much smaller. Small particles can clog the pores of the membrane and are a potentially irreversible contamination condition. Blocking of the pores increases membrane resistance and reduces membrane flux. The clogging of the holes in the non-woven leg system can be quite severe, so that despite the higher inherent film permeability than the conventional film for MBR', the actual process throughput of the 'non-woven medium Cong system in operation' It is usually less than half the flux rate of conventional polymer MBR systems. In addition to common film contamination control methods (including air scour, backwash, and chemical cleaning) used in conventional MBR systems, attempts have been made to add chemicals to the mixture in the MBR system to adjust the mixture and Lift: The non-woven fabric film is over. These over-improved chemicals can cause the activated sludge to aggregate and flocculate' and thereby bind the colloid and other mixture components to the floe. Options include the use of inorganic aggregating agents (such as iron and salts and polymers), powdered activated carbon (PAC) and other types of inert particles (e.g., 'resins), and water soluble polymers. The use of inorganic agglutinating agents will increase the production of sludge and is only suitable for a narrow pH range. The addition of powdered activated carbon to the system will not only increase the sludge concentration, but may also result from irreversible permeability loss by the pores of the pAc membrane and the wear of the Me. 149973.doc 201204644
成薄膜磨損。當添加之PAC濃度變得更高（例如，6〇〇 mg/L 或以上）時，該等問題將加深且可能產生其他污染。 因此，有需要在非編織MBR系統中改進微生物混合液之 過濾性並提高薄膜通量，同時限制孔堵塞及污染。 【發明内容】 在心樣中，本發明揭示一種在非編織薄膜生物反應器 (MBR)系統中生物處理廢水之方法。用孔徑在u㈣至 μηι範圍内之非編織織物薄膜過濾含於 混合液。在該非編織贿系統中，藉由將有效量 75*泥過滤性改進化學〇 L yr .,. °添加至该混合液中來控制薄膜污染 及改進通量。 閱賣X下參考附圖之詳細描述及隨附專利申請範圍 後本發明及其優於先前技術之優點將顯而易見。 【實施方式】 藉由參考以下本發明實施例之描述，連同附圖一起，本 發月之上述及其他特徵將變得更加明顯且將更佳地瞭解本 發明本身。 現將參考附圖在以下詳細描述中描述本發明，其中詳細 ㈣較佳實施例’以實踐本發明。雖然參考此等特定較佳 f C*例才田述本發·明’但應瞭解，本發明並不限於此等較佳 實例反之本發明包括將可自思考以下詳細描述而變 得'而易見之多種替代、改良及等效物。 i篇說明書及專利中請範圍中使用之近似語言可適用於 修改任何在沒有引起其相關之基本功能之變化下可容許變 149973.doc 201204644 4匕的婁欠量矣+ — 限於所指定：二：，由諸如「約」之術語修部之值係不 對靡於田认、 v在某些情況下，該近似語言可 另有說明，否則可，入精確度。除非上下文或語言 ..^ 、 s及/或互換範圍限制，且此等範圍 係確疋的且包括所有含苴一 或另有、/、中之子乾圍。除在操作實例中 -反用於說明書及專利申請範圍十之指成份 里、反應條件及類似物的所有數值或表示 應理解為由術語「約」修飾。 ㈣况下均 視情況」或「視情況地音 ^ ψ ίθ , 〜、狗/、後所述之事件或情況 了月匕出現或可能不出現，或其 、便所私疋之物質可能存在或 /样子’且該描述包括該事件或情況出現或該物質存 兄^月況’及該事件或情況不出現或該物質不存在之情 本文❹之術語「包含」、「包括」、「具有」或其之任何 /、他變形係用於涵蓋非排他性包含。例如，包含一列元素 之製耘、方法、物件或裝置不一定僅限於此等元素，而係 可包括沒有明確列出或此製程、方法、物件或裝置所 之其他元素。 除非文中另有明確規定，否則單數形式「一」及「該」 包括複數個討論目標。 」 「MBR」意指薄膜生物反應器或薄膜生物性反應器。 「混合液」或「活性污泥」意指一廢水、用於降解該廢 水中之有機物質之微生物、衍生自細胞種類之含有機物之 物質、細胞副產物及/或廢產物、或細胞碎片之混合物。 149973.doc 201204644 混合液亦可含有膠體及顆粒物質（即，生物量/生物固體）及/ 或可溶性分子或生物聚合物（即，多糖、蛋白質等）。 「混合液懸浮固體」（「MLSS」）意指該混合液中處理 有機物質之生物量之濃度。 「過量活性污泥」係指自該生物反應器連續抽取以保持 該生物反應器中之恒定污泥齡的活性污泥。 DADMAC係二烯丙基二曱基氯化銨；DMAEA/MCQ係丙 烯酸二甲基胺基乙酯曱基氯四級鹽；DMAEA/BCQ係丙烯 酸二曱基胺基乙酯苄基氣四級鹽；DMAEM/MCQ係曱基丙 烯酸二曱基胺基乙酯曱基氣四級鹽；及DMAEM/BCQ係甲 基丙烯酸二甲基胺基乙酯苄基氯四級鹽。 圖1係一用於處理家用廢水、工業廢水、農業廢水、自 水或廢水中移除氮、或其他廢水回收之薄膜生物反應器 (MBR)系統1〇之方塊圖。將待處理之廢水用水泵16自進口 水池12泵入薄膜生物反應器池丨4。該廢水在進入該系 統10之前可經預處理，以移除粗粒固體、懸浮固體、及多 種纖維物質。將一過濾模組20浸入該薄膜池M中之混合液 中。如相關技藝已知，可使用鼓風機22將空氣泵入該薄膜 池14之底部，以提供該MBR系統10所需之氧氣。藉由一出 口系26將料物排出^將薄錢出液自該活性污泥分離並 引出該薄膜。將來自薄膜池14之活性污泥回收至一缺氧池 或一好氧池（未顯示）。將來自該薄膜池之-部份活性污泥 理想地抽出用於處理，以在該歷中維持適當的污泥駐留 時間（SRT)。如相關技藝已知，該臟系統1〇可包含厭氧 149973.doc 201204644 反應器、缺氣反麻+ α益及好軋反應器之組合。一種簡化的 BH/UG可僅包括—個好氧池且該薄膜模組係浸沒於該 好氧池中。或者’該MBR系統1〇可包括一或多個好氧反應 器'一或多個厭氧消化池、或一或多個厭氧消化池及一或 多個好氧反應器之組合。 在項實施例中’藉由在具有空心管狀形狀之有孔支撐 物（例如：心官狀非編織遽芯）上包裝-具有適宜厚度 及孔徑之親水性非編織織物薄膜3〇來構建該過渡模組20。 該非編織織物薄膜30與待處理之廢水接觸。在一項實施例 中，該過遽模組20具有—中央通道；及使用一果（圖中未 顯示）在該中央通道中產生吸力。因此，該待處理之廢水 滲透通過該非編織織物薄膜3〇並成為該中央通道中之渗透 物。由於在外層上之非編織織物薄膜3〇具有較低成本，所 以當通量變得過低時，可將其替換以恢復較大渗透通量。 可由所需之操作通量及其他需求來決定該非編織織物薄 膜之厚度及孔徑。可藉由使用熱溶化樹脂點附、黏合劑黏 附或其他適當的黏附來進行該非編織織物薄膜與該支撐物 之結合。理想地’兩者之間的結合區域必須足夠大以為 進行逆洗操作提供足夠㈣度。該非編織織物薄膜之厚 度較佳係保持在少於2mm，使得在逆洗操作期 污垢。 ' 味 ,該非編織織物薄膜3G具有狹窄及小的孔徑範圍，其較佳 係在0.1 μηι至5.0 μηι之範圍内，且更佳係在。2 _至 μπ^之範圍内’以確保該薄膜濾出液之水品質。理想地： 149973.doc 201204644 藉由將親水性聚合物層塗覆於非編織織物薄膜上，或藉由 矣枝4合=法在非編織織物薄膜上接枝親水性單體（如丙 稀酸或其何生物、或另一可聚合之親水性單體）來製備該 非編織薄膜3 0。 該賺系統1〇可使用常用的薄膜污染控制方法，其包括 空氣沖刷、逆洗及化學清洗。此外，將-或多種過遽性改 進化學品投與至該聰系統1〇之混合液中並助於使該活性 Θ泥凝集及絮凝’且進而使膠體及其他混合液組分結合於 絮狀物中。藉由形成較大絮狀物，平均粒度顯著增加，其 降低在該非編織薄膜3 G中之内部空隙堵塞或使之減至最 少。該等過攄性改進化學品不僅可對減少該混合液中之可 溶污染物具有正面影響，而且亦可改良在該薄膜3〇之表面 上形成之濾、餅之液壓滲H此外，亦大大減少流出物濁 度。因為該混合液之過渡性提高，該非編織薄㈣之通旦 率因此增大。該等過遽性改進化學品可用於調節該mbr: 統？之生物量或活性污泥並實質上改進污泥之過濾特性。 咸信，添加有效量之過濾性改進化學品至該mbr系統W之 混合液或活性污泥可大大改進污泥過濾性，進而降低該非 編織薄膜3G與處理尖峰流量相關之風險，降低薄膜清洗需 求，及可在更高通量率下設計該MBR系統丨〇。此外，添加 有效量之該過濾性改進化學品可改進污泥之過濾特性。4、口 在一項實施例中，該過濾性改進化學品係添加至該 系統10之混合液的有效量之含單寧之聚合物。單寧（亦稱 為鞣酸）存在於多種植物之葉、枝、樹皮及果實中。單宜 ，49973 doc 201204644 之、成及'口構將k者來源及萃取方法而變化 構係給定為C76h52046，1 仁/、貫驗結 ,^ 6其中沣多OH基附接至該芳 發明中揭示之單寧係一 口 + 乂方％。本 於）··彼等衍生自白雀木 '人 、匕括（仁不限 3羞草及漆樹者。秋 解單寧亦涵蓋於本發明範疇内。 ' 了水 在一項實施例中，兮人留一 垓3早争之聚合物包含— 離子單體之一水可玄劣叮\ * 早丁及一％ 士 , „ 或刀政之共聚物。在另一項實施你丨 中’s亥含單寧之聚合物組合物包括 ' ' 及至少-種選自由险離子單〜 τ、-知離子單體、 單非料料❹成之群之 單體的共聚物。在美國皇丨结^ 之典讓人m ，462號（受讓給本發明 盖：直 此等基於單寧之聚合物之組成物。將 美國專利第5,643 462铼夕入_v 村 ，62唬之全文以引用的方式併入本文中。 該等含单寧之聚合物係藉由聚合稀系不飽和單體盘單盆而 獲得。由於單寧骨架上之經基及敌基及由於丙稀酸二;胺 基乙醋甲基氯之官能化之陽離子基團，所得單寧共聚物具 有兩性特徵。 陽離子聚合物意指-種具有整體正電荷之聚合物。通常 藉由-或多種陽離子單體之乙稀基加成聚合，藉由一或多 種陽離子單體與一或多種非離子性單體之共聚合，或藉由 。亥等陽離子單體與一或多種陰離子單體及視情況之一或多 種非離子性單體之聚合反應製備陽離子聚合物，以產生兩 性聚合物。 A陽離子單體係選自含有稀系不飽和四級錢、鎮或疏離 子之群°陽離子單體包括（但不限於）：二烧基胺基烧基（甲 149973.doc 201204644 基）丙烯醯胺、（甲基）丙烯酸二院基胺基烧基酯及二稀丙基 二烷基氯化銨之四級銨鹽類。 在一項本發明實施例中，該陽離子單體係選自以下之 群，其包括（但不限於）：丙烯酸二乙胺基乙酯之曱基氯四 級鹽、丙烯酸二乙胺基乙酯、丙烯酸二曱胺基乙酯、曱基 丙烯酸二甲胺基乙酯、曱基丙烯酸二乙胺基乙酯、二曱胺 基丙基甲基丙烯醯胺、二甲胺基丙基丙烯醯胺、二烯丙基 二甲基氯化敍及二稀丙基二乙基氯化敍之硫酸二曱酯鹽。 在一項替換實施例中’該陽離子單體係丙烯酸二乙胺基乙 酯的曱基氣四級鹽。 該非離子性單體係選自烯系不飽和非離子性單體之群， 其包括（但不限於）：丙烯醯胺、曱基丙浠醯胺、N_經曱基 丙烯醯胺、N，N-二曱基-丙烯醯胺；低碳烷基（C]_C6)酯 類’包括乙酸乙稀S旨 '丙烯酸甲g旨、丙稀酸乙酿、及甲基 丙烯酸曱酯；羥基化之低碳烷基（Cl_C6)酯類，包括丙烯酸 經基乙醋、丙烯酸羥基丙酯及曱基丙烯酸羥基乙酯；烯丙 基縮水甘油醚；及聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇之乙氧基化之烯丙 基醚類及丙氧基化之丙烯酸酯類。在一項實施例中，該非 離子性單體係選自由丙烯醯胺、甲基丙烯醯胺、N_羥曱基 丙稀醯胺、N，N-二甲基丙稀醯胺、乙酸乙稀酯、丙烯酸曱 酯、丙烯酸乙酯、甲基丙烯酸曱酯、丙烯酸羥基乙酯、丙 烯酸羥基丙酯、甲基丙烯酸羥基乙酯、烯丙基縮水甘油 醚、及聚乙二醇及聚丙二醇之乙氧基化之烯丙基醚組成之 群。在另一項實施例中，該非離子性單體係選自由烯丙基 149973.doc •12- 201204644 縮水甘油醚及丙烯醯胺組成之群。 該陰離子單體係選自包含烯系不飽和羧酸或確酸官能基 之群。在一項實施例中’該陰離子單體包括（但不限於）： 丙烯酸、曱基丙烯酸、乙烯基乙酸、衣康酸、馬來酸、烯 丙基乙酸、苯乙烯磺酸、2-丙烯醯胺基_2_曱基丙烷磺酸、 及3-浠丙氧基-2-經基丙烧確酸類及其鹽類。在一項替換實 施例中，該陰離子單體係丙烯酸。 可藉由添加有效量之一或多種其他水溶性污泥過濾性改 進聚合物或其組合至該混合液來進一步處理該MBR系統 10。在一項替換實施例中，可藉由添加有效量之污泥過濾 性改進無機凝集劑至該活性污泥來進一步處理該μ B R。 其他水溶性污泥過濾性改進聚合物包括（但不限於）：水 /各性聚合物，如聚DADMAC(二稀丙基二曱基氣化敍）及聚 METAC((曱基丙烯醯氧基）乙基氯化三曱基銨）。在一項替 換實施例中，其他水溶性污泥過濾性改進聚合物包括丙稀 酸Ν，Ν-二曱胺基乙酯曱基氣（AETAC)與丙烯醯胺（ΑΜ)之共 聚物。 在一項實施例中，揭示一種調節薄膜生物反應器（MBR) 系統中之混合液之方法，其包括添加與有效量之無機凝集 劑組合之有效量之過渡性改進聚合物至該混合液。該無機 凝集劑係選自由Ca、Mg、A1、及Fe、及其組合組成之 群。在一項替換實施例中，該無機凝集劑係選自由A丨及 Fe '及其組合組成之群。可將該含單寧之聚合物、其他類 型之水溶性污泥過濾性改進聚合物、及污泥過濾性改進無 149973.doc •13· 201204644 機凝集劑分開或乂 Α 飞乂其级合之形式添加至該MBR系統1〇中之 活性污泥中。 在項貝施例中，所得含單寧之聚合物含有10重量％至 90重量％之單宝、？ 丁 ⑶重置％至80重量％之陽離子單體、〇重 量％至30重毋％>=)1;:^， 之非離子性單體、及〇重量％至20重量％之 陰離子單體，生丨欠 制條件為該所得含單寧之聚合物仍係水可 5。刀放的，且该陽離子、非離子性及陰離子單體及單 〜1 /°加起來係1 〇〇%。較佳地，當該陽離子單體及 陰離子單體一起存在於該含單寧之聚合物中時，該陽離子 單體占比該陰離子單體更大的重量百分比。 根據項本發明實施例，單寧與陽離子單體之共聚物含 有20重量％請重量％之單寧。在另—項實施例中，該共 聚物3有30重罝％至6〇重量％之單寧，且在一項替換實施 例中，在该共聚物中含有3〇重量％至5〇重量％之單寧，限 制條件為單寧與陽離子單體之總重量總計為100重量 在另一項實施例中，該等共聚物具有3G%單寧及7〇%陽離 子單體、及50%單寧及50%陽離子單體之重量在一項 實施例巾，當該單寧係含羞#類型單寧且該陽離子單體係 丙稀酸二甲胺基乙s旨的甲基氯四級鹽時，可使用該等特定 聚合物。 在一項實施例中，該含單寧之聚合物具有約1〇%至約 90%之單寧濃度’或該陽離子單體具有约鳩至約觀之 濃度。在另一項實施例中，該含單寧之聚合物具有約4〇% 至約7〇%之單寧濃度，或該陽離子單體具有約“％至約 149973.doc 14 201204644 60%之濃度。 ::仔3早争之聚合物係水可溶或可分散的。可藉由將 ^早體與單寧混合且以自㈣起㈣經㈣液、沈殿 5礼液聚合技術起始來製備料含單寧之聚合物。習知之 起始劑包括(但不限於)··偶氮化合物、過硫酸鹽類、過氧 化物及乳化還原對。其他起始劑包括(但不限於)：2,2,偶 氮又（2甲脒基丙烷）二鹽酸鹽（可以v_5〇購自Wak〇 咖咖吨Va·)及第三丁基過氧化氫/偏亞硫酸 風納㈣HP/NaMBS)。可在聚合反應結束時添加此等或其 他起始齊卜以與任何殘留單體進一步反應。 〜可使用鏈轉移劑(如，醇、胺、甲酸或巯基化合物)來調 γ聚口物之刀子里。可藉由熟知技術（包括沈殿）來單離 斤于Κ °物$可簡單地以其水溶液形式使用該聚合物。 該含單寧之聚合物具有低分子量，經常係低於轉。 道爾頓，低於大多數已報告之過渡性改進聚合物，如聚胺 凝集劑。由於較低的分子量，該含單寧之聚合物對於過量 投與（其-旦出現，則可造成降低的生物 較不敏感。在-項本發明實施例中，該含單寧之;合物具 ) 有約H)，〇〇〇 Da至約i50，_叫之分子量。在另一項實施例 中’該含單寧之聚合物具有約5〇〇〇〇叫至約％，刪加之 分子量。 應將該過濾性改進化學品以足以達料預期目的之量添 加至待^理之系統。在大多數情況下，此量將根據需要處 理之特定系統而不同，且可受諸如濁度、pH、溫度水 149973.doc 15 201204644 量、MLSS及存在於該系統中之污染物類型之變數影響。 例如’含單寧之聚合物在寬廣範圍之pH下有效且應在任何 系統之pH下證明有效。 可連續或間歇地將該過濾性改進化學品添加至該系統。 理想地，不是在該薄膜表面上之活性污泥上直接添加該過 遽性改進化學品’而是在該薄膜表面之上游添加，以確保 與活性污泥之完全混合。在一項實施例中，該過濾性改進 化學品係與該混合液充分混合後，再與該薄膜表面直接接 觸。在另一項實施例中，藉由將該過濾性改進化學品饋入 該生物反應器之發生強力混合之區域而完成該混合。在一 項替換實施例中，藉由將該過濾性改進化學品饋入該MBr 之發生充分混合之區域（接近一系站、一充氣喷嘴或一污 泥或混合液回收管）而完成該混合。 其他水溶性污泥過濾性改進聚合物包括（但不限於）：用 於調節該活性污泥以改進過濾性之所有水溶性聚合物，如 聚DADMAC(二烯丙基二甲基氯化銨）及聚METAC((曱基丙 烯醯氧基）乙基氣化三曱基銨）。在一項替換實施例中，其 他水溶性污泥過濾性改進聚合物包括丙烯酸N,N_二曱胺基 乙酯曱基氣（AETAC)與丙烯醯胺（AM)之共聚物。可將該等 水溶性污泥過濾性改進聚合物分開地或與該含單寧之聚合 物或無機凝集劑組合而添加至本文所述之非編織薄膜生物 反應器系統。 s亥過滤性改進化學品之有效量取決於該系統中之混 合液之過濾性。該混合液之特性（包括混合液懸浮固體 149973.doc • 16 - 201204644 (MLSS)濃度、黏度 '胞外聚合物質（Eps)、絮狀物大小、 及膠體及可溶性有機物質）皆會影響膜過濾性。 在一項實施例中，該含單寧之聚合物之有效量係於該 MBR中 '約5至約1〇〇〇 ppm活性聚合物。在—項替換實施例 中，該含單寧之聚合物係約2〇至約5〇%固體。該含單寧之 聚合物係-含有約2G%至約5G%活性聚合物，而剩餘物係 水之洛液聚合物。有不同的術語來描述在聚合物溶液中之 活性聚合物百分比，如固體、活性聚合物、及活性物之百 分比。對於水溶性聚合物而言，活性物係指該活性聚人 物。由於該單寧聚合物不含油或表面活性劑，所以該聚^ 物固體等於該活性聚合物。 在一項實施例中，使該MBR系統之流出物進一步通過奈 米過濾、反滲透、電滲析、或電容性去離子系統，以進： 步改進該產物水之品質。 在以下非限制性實例中說明本發明，提供其等係作為代 表目的，而不應將其視為限制本發明之範脅。除非另外說 明’否則在該等實例中之所有份數及百分比係以重量計。 藉由過濾時間(Time_t0_Filter ; TTF)測試法評估混合液 之過濾性。該TTF測試法係改自標準方法(ΑρΗΑ，Η ， 方法#271GH。該測試包括將—混合液樣品置於具有 織織物薄膜30之布氏漏斗中，施加真空，及測 、。 之原始混合液樣品所需之時間。所測試之非編織織㈣膜 係平均孔徑為⑸叫最大孔徑紅〜 149973.doc 201204644 非編織織物。 在該TTF測試中，將該非編織薄膜30在乙醇中潤渴2分 鐘。將該非編織薄膜3〇切成9 cm見方且將其安裂在布氏漏 斗中’且將其潤濕以形成良好的密封。使用一帶有壓力調 節器之真线’且將該真空壓力調整至51 kPa(15英时 Hg)。將200 ml混合液樣品添加至該布氏漏斗中，且記錄 過遽1〇〇 m1(其對應於起始樣品體積之5〇%)之時間。過濾 時間以秒表示。 ^ 在該TTF測試之前’進行—標準瓶測試，以確保所添加 之化學品與該混合液樣品充分混合。使用各瓶含有5〇〇 Μ 混合液樣品之瓶測試儀（Phipps & BirdTM)。一旦將預定量 之化學品快速添加至該等樣品後，則在2〇〇 rpm下快速攪 拌持續30秒，且隨後在5〇 rpm之緩慢攪拌速度下進行^分 在里。亦在對照樣品上進行測試，其依照相同的瓶測試步 驟，但是未添加化學品。 s玄混合液樣品係採自在ge中國技術中心（GE China Technology Center)的都市廢水處理廠。測得該活性污泥樣 品MLSS濃度為6.88 g/L。表1顯示兩種不同的水溶性聚合 物及一種基於明礬之凝集劑之結果。 表1.用於來自都市廢水處理廠之混合液的非編織織物之 TTF測試 化學品 化學品劑量 (ppm) 50%-TTF 50%-TTF 減少 濁度(NTU) 對照 0 4238 / 1.20 149973.doc -18- 201204644 聚合物A 50 495 88.3% 0.838 聚合物A 100 99 97.7% 0.404 聚合物B 100 47 98.9% 0.661 明礬凝集劑 250 78 98.2% 0.856 聚合物A係具有3 8 %活性物含量之含單寧之聚合物溶 液，聚合物B係含有1 9%活性物之聚DADMAC聚合物溶 液，且該明礬凝集劑水溶液含有50%活性物。 該數據顯示：藉由添加過濾性改進化學品極顯著地改進 該混合液樣品之薄膜過濾性。該等實驗顯示：藉由投與有 效量之該化學品實現TTF減少多達90%以上。除過濾性改 進以外，該化學品投與亦改進濾出液品質，因為與未添加 化學品之對照相比，濁度降低。與無機凝集劑相比，該等 水溶性聚合物更有效且需要更低劑量。 實例2藉由化學品添加擴大絮狀物尺寸 隨著將該等化學品添加至該混合液中，該混合液之絮狀 物尺寸顯著增加。表2顯示添加含單寧之聚合物之後，絮 狀物尺寸之變化。 表2.隨著添加含單寧之聚合物之絮狀物尺寸之變化 化學品添加 絮狀物之平均直徑(μηι) S.D (μηι) 對照-無化學品 56.9 51.5 聚合物A-100 ppm 69.5 75.8 聚合物A-200 ppm 89.4 96.3 絮狀物尺寸之增加導致在該薄膜表面上建立之濾餅孔隙 度增加。如實例1中所示，藉由添加該等過濾性改進化學 149973.doc -19- 201204644 品(nc)，該非編織織物薄 r能係由於遽餅孔隙度之增加。在藉二= 起物絮狀物的凝集及絮凝期間，整體相中之可溶性SMP 及膠體粒子之一部份亦被包埋並變 絮狀物，，其導致更大的㈣孔凝集之微生物 愿开孔隙度此外，隨著該微生 物春狀物的增加，亦座可、、成》、福摇& 刀應了減；溥膜内孔被微生物污泥絮狀 物粒子堵塞。 雖然已在典型實施例中說明並描述本發明，但不意欲受 限於所示之細節，因為可在不以任何方式偏離本發明精神 I進行各種改良及取代。gub，熟f此項技術者僅僅使用 爷規實驗，可明白本文所揭示之本發明之其他改良及等效 物且咸彳5所有此等改良及等效物係在如以下專利申請範 圍所定義之本發明範疇之内。 【圖式簡單說明】 圖1係一根據本發明一項實施例之MBR之典型實例之示 意圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 10 薄膜生物反應器（MBR)系統 12 進口水池 14 薄膜生物反應器池 16 水泵 20 過渡模組 22 鼓風機 26 出口泵 30 非編織織物薄膜 149973.doc -20-Film wear. When the added PAC concentration becomes higher (for example, 6 〇〇 mg/L or more), the problems will be deepened and other contamination may occur. Therefore, there is a need to improve the filterability of microbial mixtures and increase membrane flux in non-woven MBR systems while limiting pore blockage and contamination. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In a heart sample, the present invention discloses a method of biologically treating wastewater in a non-woven film bioreactor (MBR) system. The mixture was filtered through a non-woven fabric film having a pore diameter in the range of u (four) to μηι. In the non-braid bribe system, film contamination and flux improvement are controlled by adding an effective amount of 75* mud filter improving chemical 〇L yr ., ° to the mixture. The invention and its advantages over the prior art will be apparent from the following description of the drawings and the accompanying claims. The above and other features of the present invention will become more apparent from the following description of the embodiments of the invention. The invention will now be described in the following detailed description with reference to the appended claims Although the present invention is not limited to the preferred embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the preferred embodiments, but the invention includes the following detailed description. A variety of alternatives, improvements, and equivalents. The approximate language used in the scope of the i manual and the patent may be applied to modify any deficiency that can be tolerated in the absence of the basic function that is not related to it. 149973.doc 201204644 4匕 娄 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — : The value of the terminology such as "about" is not true to the field, v. In some cases, the approximate language may be otherwise stated, otherwise, accuracy may be entered. Unless the context or language ..^, s, and/or the scope of the interchange is limited, and such ranges are true and include all sub- or additional sub-areas. Except in the operating examples - all values or representations of ingredients, reaction conditions and the like in the specification and patent application scope are to be understood as modified by the term "about". (4) In the case of conditions, or as appropriate, or as appropriate, And the description includes the occurrence of the event or situation or the fact that the substance or condition does not appear or the substance does not exist. The terms "including", "including", "having" or Any of them/, his variants are used to cover non-exclusive inclusions. For example, a device, method, article, or device that comprises a list of elements is not necessarily limited to such elements, but may include other elements not specifically listed or the process, method, article, or device. Unless the context clearly dictates otherwise, the singular forms "a" and "the" include a plurality of discussion objectives. "MBR" means a thin film bioreactor or a membrane bioreactor. "Mixed liquid" or "activated sludge" means a waste water, a microorganism for degrading an organic substance in the waste water, an organic matter derived from a cell type, a cell by-product and/or waste product, or a cell debris. mixture. 149973.doc 201204644 The mixture may also contain colloidal and particulate matter (ie, biomass/biosolids) and/or soluble molecules or biopolymers (ie, polysaccharides, proteins, etc.). "Mixed Liquid Suspended Solids" ("MLSS") means the concentration of biomass in which the organic matter is treated in the mixture. "Excessive activated sludge" means activated sludge continuously withdrawn from the bioreactor to maintain a constant sludge age in the bioreactor. DADMAC is diallyldimethylammonium chloride; DMAEA/MCQ is dimethylaminoethyl acrylate decyl chloride quaternary salt; DMAEA/BCQ is didecylaminoethyl benzyl benzyl quaternary salt DMAEM/MCQ is a decylaminoethyl decyl sulfonate quaternary salt; and DMAEM/BCQ is a dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate benzyl chloride quaternary salt. Figure 1 is a block diagram of a membrane bioreactor (MBR) system for treating domestic wastewater, industrial wastewater, agricultural wastewater, nitrogen removal from wastewater or other wastewater, or other wastewater recovery. The wastewater to be treated is pumped from the inlet tank 12 into the membrane bioreactor tank 4 by means of a water pump 16. The wastewater can be pretreated prior to entering the system 10 to remove coarse solids, suspended solids, and various fibrous materials. A filter module 20 is immersed in the mixture in the film cell M. As is known in the art, air can be pumped into the bottom of the membrane reservoir 14 using a blower 22 to provide the oxygen required for the MBR system 10. The material is discharged by an outlet system 26, and the thin money liquid is separated from the activated sludge and the film is taken out. The activated sludge from the membrane tank 14 is recovered to an anoxic tank or an aerobic tank (not shown). Part of the activated sludge from the membrane tank is desirably extracted for treatment to maintain proper sludge residence time (SRT) throughout the calendar. As is known in the art, the viscous system 1 〇 can comprise a combination of anaerobic 149973.doc 201204644 reactor, gas-deficient anti- hemp + alpha benefit and good rolling reactor. A simplified BH/UG may include only one aerobic cell and the membrane module is submerged in the aerobic cell. Alternatively, the MBR system can include one or more aerobic reactors, one or more anaerobic digestion tanks, or a combination of one or more anaerobic digestion tanks and one or more aerobic reactors. In the present embodiment, the transition is constructed by packaging a hydrophilic non-woven fabric film having a suitable thickness and pore size on a perforated support having a hollow tubular shape (for example, a non-woven core). Module 20. The nonwoven fabric film 30 is in contact with the wastewater to be treated. In one embodiment, the over-twist module 20 has a central passage; and uses a fruit (not shown) to create suction in the central passage. Therefore, the waste water to be treated permeates through the non-woven fabric film 3 and becomes a permeate in the central passage. Since the nonwoven fabric film 3 on the outer layer has a lower cost, when the flux becomes too low, it can be replaced to restore a large permeate flux. The thickness and pore size of the nonwoven fabric film can be determined by the required operating flux and other requirements. The non-woven fabric film can be bonded to the support by using a hot melt resin dot attachment, adhesive adhesion or other suitable adhesion. Ideally, the area of bonding between the two must be large enough to provide sufficient (four) degrees for the backwash operation. The thickness of the nonwoven fabric film is preferably maintained at less than 2 mm to cause soiling during the backwashing operation. The woven fabric film 3G has a narrow and small pore size range, and is preferably in the range of 0.1 μm to 5.0 μm, and more preferably. 2 _ to μπ^' to ensure the water quality of the membrane filtrate. Desirably: 149973.doc 201204644 by grafting a hydrophilic polymer layer onto a non-woven fabric film, or by grafting a hydrophilic monomer (such as acrylic acid) onto a non-woven fabric film by a lychee 4-paste method The non-woven film 30 is prepared by any of its organisms or another polymerizable hydrophilic monomer. The earning system can use common membrane fouling control methods including air scour, backwash and chemical cleaning. In addition, the application of the or a plurality of over-improvement chemicals to the mixture of the sputum system and the agglomeration and flocculation of the active mash and further bonding of the colloid and other mixture components to the floc In. By forming a larger floc, the average particle size is significantly increased, which reduces or minimizes internal voidage in the non-woven film 3G. The over-improved chemicals not only have a positive effect on reducing the soluble contaminants in the mixture, but also improve the hydraulic permeability of the filter formed on the surface of the film, and the Reduce turbidity of the effluent. Since the transition property of the mixed liquid is improved, the non-woven thin (four) pass rate is thus increased. These over-improving chemicals can be used to regulate the mbr: system? The biomass or activated sludge and substantially improve the filtration characteristics of the sludge. It is believed that the addition of an effective amount of the filter-improving chemical to the mixture or activated sludge of the mbr system can greatly improve the sludge filterability, thereby reducing the risk associated with the treatment of peak flow of the non-woven film 3G, and reducing the need for film cleaning. And the MBR system can be designed at a higher throughput rate. In addition, the addition of an effective amount of the filterability improving chemical improves the filtration characteristics of the sludge. 4. Port In one embodiment, the filter improving chemical is an effective amount of a tannin containing polymer added to the mixture of system 10. Tannins (also known as tannins) are found in leaves, branches, bark and fruits of a variety of plants. Unisex, 49973 doc 201204644, and the 'mouth structure' is derived from the source of the k and the extraction method is given as C76h52046, 1 kernel /, the test junction, ^ 6 where more than OH groups are attached to the aromatic invention The tannin disclosed in the book is a one-piece + 乂%. These are derived from Baique's people, including those who are not limited to 3 grasses and lacquer trees. Autumn solution tannins are also covered by the present invention. 'Water in one embodiment, 兮The person who stayed for a long time to fight for the polymer contains - one of the ionic monomers, water can be inferior 叮 \ * early and one%, „ or the knife of the knife. In another implementation of your ' 's Hai The polymer composition of Ning includes '' and at least one type of copolymer selected from the group consisting of a single ion ～ τ, an ionic monomer, and a single non-material group. Let m, 462 (received to the cover of the invention: the composition of the tannin-based polymer. The United States Patent No. 5,643,462 into the village of _v, 62唬 is incorporated by reference in its entirety. In this context, the tannin-containing polymers are obtained by polymerizing a single pot of a rare unsaturated monomer. Due to the base and the enemy groups on the tannin skeleton and due to the acrylic acid; The functionalized cationic group of the chloro group, the resulting tannin copolymer has amphoteric characteristics. The cationic polymer means that the species has an overall positive charge a polymer, usually by ethylene-based addition polymerization of - or a plurality of cationic monomers, by copolymerization of one or more cationic monomers with one or more nonionic monomers, or by cations such as The cationic polymer is prepared by polymerization of one or more anionic monomers and optionally one or more nonionic monomers to produce an amphoteric polymer. The A cationic single system is selected from the group consisting of rare unsaturated tetrabases, Town or group of ionic ions ° cationic monomers include, but are not limited to: dialkylaminoalkyl (A 149973.doc 201204644 base) acrylamide, (meth)acrylic acid di-methane amine alkyl ester and a quaternary ammonium salt of dipropyldialkylammonium chloride. In one embodiment of the invention, the cationic single system is selected from the group consisting of, but not limited to, diethylamino acrylate Tertyl chloride quaternary salt of ethyl ester, diethylaminoethyl acrylate, decylaminoethyl acrylate, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, diethylaminoethyl decyl acrylate, diamylamine Propyl methacrylamide, dimethylaminopropyl acrylamide Diallyldimethyl chlorinated diisopropyl propyl chloride bismuth sulphate salt. In an alternative embodiment 'the cation single system diethylaminoethyl acrylate oxime Base gas quaternary salt. The non-ionic single system is selected from the group of ethylenically unsaturated nonionic monomers including, but not limited to, acrylamide, mercaptopropionamine, N-sulfanyl Acrylamide, N,N-dimercapto-acrylamide; lower alkyl (C)-C6) esters including ethyl acetate S-acrylic acid, acrylic acid, and methacrylic acid Ester ester; hydroxylated lower alkyl (Cl_C6) esters, including acrylic acid ethyl acetonate, hydroxypropyl acrylate and hydroxyethyl methacrylate; allyl glycidyl ether; and polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol Ethoxylated allyl ethers and propoxylated acrylates. In one embodiment, the nonionic monosystem is selected from the group consisting of acrylamide, methacrylamide, N-hydroxydecyl amide, N,N-dimethyl propyl amide, ethylene acetate Ester, decyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, decyl methacrylate, hydroxyethyl acrylate, hydroxypropyl acrylate, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, allyl glycidyl ether, and polyethylene glycol and polypropylene glycol a group consisting of oxylated allyl ethers. In another embodiment, the nonionic monosystem is selected from the group consisting of allyl 149973.doc • 12-201204644 glycidyl ether and acrylamide. The anionic monosystem is selected from the group consisting of ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids or acid functional groups. In one embodiment 'the anionic monomer includes, but is not limited to: acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, vinyl acetic acid, itaconic acid, maleic acid, allyl acetic acid, styrene sulfonic acid, 2-propene oxime Amino-2_mercaptopropanesulfonic acid, and 3-mercaptooxy-2-alkylpropanoid acid and salts thereof. In an alternate embodiment, the anionic single system acrylic acid. The MBR system 10 can be further processed by adding an effective amount of one or more other water soluble sludge filter improving polymers or combinations thereof to the mixture. In an alternate embodiment, the μ B R can be further processed by adding an effective amount of sludge filterability to the inorganic aggregating agent to the activated sludge. Other water soluble sludge filter improvement polymers include, but are not limited to: water/specific polymers such as polyDADMAC (dipropyl propyl fluorenyl) and poly METAC ((mercapto propylene oxy) ) ethyltrimethylammonium chloride). In an alternate embodiment, other water soluble sludge filter improvers include a copolymer of bismuth acrylate, bismuth-diethylamino sulfonate based gas (AETAC) and acrylamide (ruthenium). In one embodiment, a method of adjusting a mixture in a membrane bioreactor (MBR) system is disclosed, comprising adding an effective amount of a transition improving polymer in combination with an effective amount of an inorganic aggregating agent to the mixture. The inorganic aggregating agent is selected from the group consisting of Ca, Mg, A1, and Fe, and combinations thereof. In an alternate embodiment, the inorganic aggregating agent is selected from the group consisting of A and Fe' and combinations thereof. The tannin-containing polymer, other types of water-soluble sludge filter-improving polymers, and sludge filterability can be separated or 乂Α 乂 乂 级 149 149 149 149 149 149 149 149 149 149 149 149 149 149 149 149 149 149 149 149 149 149 149 The form is added to the activated sludge in the MBR system. In the case of the item, the obtained tannin-containing polymer contains 10% by weight to 90% by weight of a single treasure, ? D (3) Reset % to 80% by weight of cationic monomer, 〇% by weight to 30% by weight of &%=:1;:,, nonionic monomer, and 阴离子% by weight to 20% by weight of anionic monomer The condition of the raw meal is that the obtained tannin-containing polymer is still water. The cation, nonionic and anionic monomers and the single ~1 / ° add up to 1%. Preferably, when the cationic monomer and the anionic monomer are present together in the tannin-containing polymer, the cationic monomer comprises a greater weight percentage than the anionic monomer. According to an embodiment of the invention, the copolymer of tannin and cationic monomer contains 20% by weight of the by weight of tannin. In another embodiment, the copolymer 3 has from 30% to 6% by weight of tannin, and in an alternative embodiment, from 3% to 5% by weight of the copolymer. The tannin is limited to a total weight of tannin and cationic monomer totaling 100 weights. In another embodiment, the copolymers have 3G% tannins and 7% cationic monomers, and 50% tannins. And the weight of the 50% cationic monomer is in an embodiment towel, when the tannin is a methyl chloride quaternary salt containing a shy #type tannin and the cationic single system dimethylamino propyl amide These particular polymers can be used. In one embodiment, the tannin-containing polymer has a tannin concentration of from about 1% to about 90% or the cationic monomer has a concentration of from about 鸠 to about 约. In another embodiment, the tannin-containing polymer has a tannin concentration of from about 4% to about 7%, or the cationic monomer has a concentration of from about "% to about 149973.doc 14 201204644 60%. The polymer of the Azai 3 is water soluble or dispersible. It can be prepared by mixing the early body with the tannin and starting from the (four) from the (four) liquid (S) liquid, the Shen Dian 5 liquid polymerization technology. The tannin-containing polymer is known. The conventional initiators include, but are not limited to, azo compounds, persulfates, peroxides, and emulsified reduction pairs. Other initiators include (but are not limited to): 2 2, azo (2-methylpropanepropane) dihydrochloride (available from W_5〇 from Wak〇 咖 瓦 Va·) and t-butyl hydroperoxide/sulphuric acid sulphate (iv) HP/NaMBS). These or other starting materials may be added at the end of the polymerization reaction to further react with any residual monomers. ~ A chain transfer agent (eg, alcohol, amine, formic acid or sulfhydryl compound) may be used to adjust the gamma concentrating knife. The polymer can be simply used in the form of its aqueous solution by well-known techniques (including the pedestal). Ning's polymers have a low molecular weight, often below the conversion. Dalton, lower than most of the reported transitional improved polymers, such as polyamine aggregators. Due to the lower molecular weight, the tannin-containing polymer In the case of excessive administration (which occurs, the reduced organism may be less sensitive. In the embodiment of the invention, the tannin-containing; compound) has about H), 〇〇〇Da to about I50, _ is the molecular weight. In another embodiment, the tannin-containing polymer has a molecular weight of about 5 to about %, and the molecular weight is added. The filterability improving chemical should be sufficient. The amount of the intended purpose is added to the system to be treated. In most cases, this amount will vary depending on the particular system that needs to be treated, and can be affected by amounts such as turbidity, pH, temperature water, 149973.doc 15 201204644, MLSS and The influence of the type of contaminant present in the system. For example, 'tannin-containing polymers are effective over a wide range of pH and should be proven effective at the pH of any system. The filterability can be improved continuously or intermittently. Product added to the system. Ideally Rather than adding the over-improving improver directly to the activated sludge on the surface of the film', it is added upstream of the surface of the film to ensure complete mixing with the activated sludge. In one embodiment, the filtration The improved chemical is in intimately mixed with the mixture and then in direct contact with the surface of the film. In another embodiment, the filter improving chemical is fed into the region of the bioreactor where the intensive mixing occurs. And completing the mixing. In an alternative embodiment, the filterability improving chemical is fed into the region where the MBr is sufficiently mixed (near a station, an aeration nozzle or a sludge or a mixture recovery tube) The mixing is completed. Other water soluble sludge filter improving polymers include, but are not limited to, all water soluble polymers used to adjust the activated sludge to improve filterability, such as polyDADMAC (diallyl II) Methyl ammonium chloride) and polyMETAC ((mercapto propylene methoxy) ethyl vaporized trimethyl ammonium). In an alternate embodiment, other water soluble sludge filter improver polymers include copolymers of N,N-diguanidinoethyl fluorenyl acrylate (AETAC) and acrylamide (AM). The water soluble sludge filter improving polymers can be added to the non-woven film bioreactor system described herein separately or in combination with the tannin containing polymer or inorganic aggregating agent. The effective amount of the siftability improving chemical depends on the filterability of the mixed liquor in the system. The characteristics of the mixture (including mixed liquid suspension solids 149973.doc • 16 - 201204644 (MLSS) concentration, viscosity 'extracellular polymeric substance (Eps), floc size, and colloidal and soluble organic matter) can affect membrane filtration Sex. In one embodiment, the effective amount of the tannin containing polymer is from about 5 to about 1 ppm of the living polymer in the MBR. In an alternative embodiment, the tannin-containing polymer is from about 2 Torr to about 5 % solids. The tannin-containing polymer system contains from about 2% to about 5% by weight of the living polymer, and the remainder is the aqueous solution of water. There are different terms to describe the percentage of active polymer in a polymer solution, such as the percentage of solids, active polymer, and actives. For water soluble polymers, the active refers to the active polymeric. Since the tannin polymer contains no oil or surfactant, the polymer solid is equal to the living polymer. In one embodiment, the effluent of the MBR system is further passed through a nanofiltration, reverse osmosis, electrodialysis, or capacitive deionization system to further improve the quality of the product water. The invention is described in the following non-limiting examples, which are intended to be illustrative, and not to limit the scope of the invention. All parts and percentages in these examples are by weight unless otherwise indicated. The filterability of the mixture was evaluated by the filtration time (Time_t0_Filter; TTF) test. The TTF test method was adapted from the standard method (ΑρΗΑ, Η, Method #271GH. The test consisted of placing the mixed liquid sample in a Buchner funnel having a woven fabric film 30, applying a vacuum, and measuring the original mixture. The time required for the sample. The average pore diameter of the non-woven woven (four) film system tested was (5) called the maximum pore diameter red ~ 149973.doc 201204644 Non-woven fabric. In the TTF test, the non-woven film 30 was thirsty in ethanol for 2 minutes. The non-woven film 3 was cut into 9 cm squares and cracked in a Buchner funnel and wetted to form a good seal. A true line with a pressure regulator was used and the vacuum pressure was adjusted Up to 51 kPa (15 ng Hg). A 200 ml mixture sample was added to the Buchner funnel and the time for 遽1〇〇m1 (which corresponds to 5〇% of the starting sample volume) was recorded. In seconds. ^ Perform a standard bottle test prior to the TTF test to ensure that the added chemicals are thoroughly mixed with the mixture sample. Use a bottle tester containing 5 〇〇Μ mixed liquid samples (Phipps & ; BirdTM). One After a predetermined amount of chemicals were quickly added to the samples, rapid stirring was carried out at 2 rpm for 30 seconds, and then at a slow stirring speed of 5 rpm, which was also carried out on the control samples. The test was carried out according to the same bottle test procedure, but no chemicals were added. The smectic mixture sample was taken from the urban wastewater treatment plant at the GE China Technology Center. The MLSS concentration of the activated sludge sample was determined to be 6.88 g/L. Table 1 shows the results of two different water-soluble polymers and one alum-based aggregating agent. Table 1. TTF test chemical chemicals for non-woven fabrics from a mixture of municipal wastewater treatment plants Dosage (ppm) 50%-TTF 50%-TTF Reduced turbidity (NTU) Control 0 4238 / 1.20 149973.doc -18- 201204644 Polymer A 50 495 88.3% 0.838 Polymer A 100 99 97.7% 0.404 Polymer B 100 47 98.9% 0.661 alum agglutinating agent 250 78 98.2% 0.856 polymer A is a tannin-containing polymer solution having a 38% active content, and polymer B is a poly-DADMAC polymer solution containing 1 9% of active substance, and The alum The aqueous solution contains 50% active. This data shows that the membrane filtration of the mixture sample is significantly improved by the addition of a filter-improving chemical. The experiments show that TTF is achieved by administering an effective amount of the chemical. The reduction is as much as 90% or more. In addition to the filter improvement, the chemical administration also improves the quality of the filtrate because the turbidity is reduced compared to the control without the added chemicals. These water soluble polymers are more effective and require lower dosages than inorganic aggregating agents. Example 2 Expanding the floe size by chemical addition As the chemicals were added to the mixture, the floc size of the mixture increased significantly. Table 2 shows the change in floc size after the addition of the tannin containing polymer. Table 2. Variations in floc size with addition of tannin-containing polymer. Average diameter of chemically added flocs (μηι) SD (μηι) Control - no chemicals 56.9 51.5 Polymer A-100 ppm 69.5 75.8 Polymer A-200 ppm 89.4 96.3 An increase in floc size results in an increase in filter cake porosity established on the surface of the film. As shown in Example 1, by adding these filter improvement chemicals 149973.doc -19-201204644 (nc), the non-woven fabric thin energy can be increased due to the porosity of the cake. During the agglutination and flocculation of the borrowing material, the soluble SMP and one part of the colloidal particles in the whole phase are also embedded and become flocculated, which leads to a larger (four) pore agglutination. In addition, with the increase of the microbial spring, the knives of the sputum can be reduced, and the sputum is blocked by the microbial sludge floc particles. While the invention has been illustrated and described with respect to the embodiments the embodiments of the invention Other improvements and equivalents of the invention disclosed herein will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and all such modifications and equivalents are as defined in the following patent application. Within the scope of the invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is a schematic illustration of a typical example of an MBR according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Main component symbol description] 10 Membrane bioreactor (MBR) system 12 Inlet pool 14 Membrane bioreactor tank 16 Water pump 20 Transition module 22 Blower 26 Outlet pump 30 Non-woven fabric film 149973.doc -20-