TW201200487A - Dense formulation method for preparing concrete containing rice hull ash - Google Patents

Abstract

A dense formulation method used for preparing concrete containing rice hull ash is provided to mix the rice hull ash processed by ashing treatment with a cement mixture. The dense formulation method includes: calculating the use ratio of coarse aggregate, fine aggregate and rice hull ash according to Fuller's curve and sieve analysis data; selecting an appropriate aggregate stacking architecture to find the maximal dry and loose density; calculating and deducting the interstitial volume needed to be filled with coarse aggregate and fine aggregate; and setting the ratio of water to adhesive for calculating usage quantity of each component material. Accordingly, this invention can lower usage quantity of cement, reuse waste, effectively enhance workability and durability of concrete, and achieve the purpose of energy conservation and carbon emission reduction of concrete.

Description

201200487 VI. Description of the invention: [Technical field to which the invention pertains] The present invention relates to a compact ratio method for concrete, which is particularly suitable for ordinary concrete, self-filling concrete, performance concrete, ultra high strength concrete, fiber concrete and active powder. Concrete, etc. [Prior Art] At present, most Asian countries (such as China) or Southeast Asia (such as Vietnam) use rice as a food, so farmers will plant a large amount of rice every year. For example, in China, the annual rice production is about 3,000. Seven million (four) 'rice is processed by (four) meters after harvesting to obtain fine-sensitive rice, and the amount of rice husk produced by the treatment of rice is also nearly a thousand taunts. Generally, the treatment of rice husks is mostly carried out as a fertilizer or burning, but since the rice husk is fine and 0 decomposition' reduces its solution as a fertilizer, the problem is to burn the rice husk in situ. Treatment, however, the rice husk is burned on fire in situ, and the smoke generated during the burning will bind the line quality and the material (4) safety, and if the ash is not able to be handled well, and burying or arranging at any place, Will cause secondary damage to the environment. In view of this, the inventors have devoted themselves to research and design, and have been able to establish a scientific basis for concrete technology, providing an actuarial method for concrete ratio design with precise certainty and quantitative. Through the corresponding theories between materials, the establishment of the series, the theoretical amount of each material is estimated, the concrete proportioning calculation process is simplified, and the current concrete manufacturers rely on complicated experiments, the experience of the operators determines the ratio, and the rice husk ash is applied to concrete. In order to improve the recycling of waste, to achieve the green environmental protection and preservation of scales, for the purpose of (4) the motivation to create research. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The main purpose of this month is to provide a densely packed 3 201200487 method for the production of concrete containing rice hull ash to save cement usage and waste recycling. A secondary object of the present invention is to provide a compact ratio method for producing concrete containing rice hull ash to effectively improve the workability and durability of concrete. In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a compact ratio method for producing concrete containing rice hull ash by mixing ash-treated rice hull ash with a cement mixture including cement and coarse granules. , fine granules and water, the dense proportioning method includes: using the Fuller curve and sieve analysis data to estimate the proportion of coarse, fine and rice ash; selecting a suitable granule packing structure to estimate the maximum dry volume Density; calculate the filling gap volume required to subtract coarse and fine particles; and set the water-to-binder ratio to calculate the amount of each component. In this way, replacing some of the cement with rice husk ash can reduce the amount of cement, reuse of waste, and effectively improve the workability and durability of concrete. The detailed description of the present invention and the accompanying drawings are to be understood by the accompanying drawings. [Embodiment] Please refer to Fig. 1 for the schematic diagram of the method for producing a dense proportioning method for producing concrete containing rice hulls according to the present invention. 'This hair duck provides __ for the manufacture of ash containing ash. The dense proportioning method is the age of ashing treatment, iee Husk As_ water, and the temperature of ashing treatment is 3 to 9 degrees. After mixing, the rice husk ash accounts for 1% to 4% by weight of the whole weight (that is, the cement f directly replaced by the ash, the amount of cement is 4 gram per unit of cement, for example, 4 gram per unit of cement, and rice The amount of cement replaced by shell ash is applied, that is, the mixing ratio is 320 kg of cement and 8 〇 kg of rice hull ash), wherein the water-to-binder ratio (w/b: water/binder) of the cement mixture mixed with the rice husk ash 201200487 is 0·2 to 0. 5. The cement mixture is mainly composed of water, cement, Fine Aggregate (F. Agge) and coarse aggregate (Coarse Aggregate, C. Agge), and the fine aggregate is generally sand (sand ), and the coarse aggregate is generally stone. The compact ratio method includes: 1. Using the fuuer curve and the sieve analysis data to estimate the proportion of the coarse aggregate, the fine pellet and the rice hull ash; 2. selecting a suitable pellet accumulation structure (h) ), to estimate the maximum dry bulk density; third, calculate the filling gap volume (n) required to subtract coarse and fine materials; and 4. set the water-to-binder ratio (w/b), calculate the amount of each component. The weight ratio method is designed to cover millimeters (deletion) and micrometers (μπι) to nanometers (nm) so that the materials can be combined with each other to form the most compact state. By estimating the surface area (S) of the pellet, by measuring the gap volume (〇, introducing the concept of the thickness of the cohesion (1), calculating the mass of the cement (LS.t), designing the strength according to the demand, controlling the quality of the concrete. Step 1 is coordinated by the Tianle curve The cotton analysis data is used to estimate the proportion of coarse, fine and rice hull ash: The sieve analysis is a sieve that is continuously increased by passing through a group of grids, and measuring the coarse and fine particles remaining on the sieve. The weight of the material and the rice hull ash. Calculate the volume ratio of different particle sizes by using the sieve analysis data and the Fuller curve: P: the content of the pellets smaller than the particle diameter d; the d: the pellets of the pellets; D: the maximum of the pellets (2) Definition of analysis of pellet distribution: 5 201200487 Assume that the type of pellets used (1) is total (4), sieve analysis and pelleting (1) have a total of m sieve numbers, and the analysis data is: 夂= pv,,. 〜:((H ) 'Retaining ratio of the i-th particle number sieve in the mixed pellets. ν · (ίΗ) 'The volume percentage of the i-th pellet in the mixed pellets (%can, i=^n. (〇1) 'The theoretical sieve No. calculated by the curve of the rational curve】 (3) The discrete amount of the grading curve of the mixed pellets and the theoretical curve ( From the result of the least squares method: w ( η Λ2=ΣΣν~-\ \2 \ 1=1

m f /i-l , because ίΧ, =ι〇〇% Μ so eight

Therefore, after finishing, you can get Μ = ίίΣ(α„厂+%一y*l V i=*l J / Partial differentiation for slave = V" ^M—dp 13⁄4 dPv, V·' when there is a maximum or minimum value , dM=0 After derivation, the equation (1) K-, =hi -Η, J, Ll4, -ΚΚ-,, ί' χ-[4 [H.

v>2 M

Pv. , /1-/ w. Gas 1 a2, i 八 A-i, 丨 αΐ, 2 fl2, 2 八 β”-|, 2 Μ ai,m α2, ι» eight an-\tm [4.

An,. fl«,2 M W/» M Lk L w·

&L

Hxl 6 201200487, to obtain the ratio of the mesh size of each sieve of the ideal gradation curve.

a. Select the maximum particle size of the coarse aggregate D b. Find the volume ratio of the pellets for each h times. c. Convert the pellet volume ratio under each h-th power to a weight ratio. From this, it can be inferred that the proportion of the materials used, the peak materials and the gambling ash (can be used as the side material). Step 2: Select the appropriate pellet accumulation structure (6) and derive the maximum dry bulk density (ί/_) of the dry bulk density test (also known as the dry weight unit test): According to the rational 'and actual grade curve, The maximum volume percentage of the accumulation and the proportion of use between the pellets 'select the appropriate pellet accumulation structure (6), which is the h described in the above, and dry

\DJ Dry Loose density test deduces the maximum dry bulk density d). Step 3: Calculate the filling gap volume (匕) required to subtract coarse and fine particles: (1) Calculate the required filling void volume for coarse and fine particles under dense packing

-) Αν": weight percentage of coarse aggregate 1 in the pellet mixture (w): weight percentage (wt%) of coarse pellet 2 in the pellet mixture y, density of coarse pellet 1 (kg/m3) Y2 : density of coarse aggregate 2 (kg/m3): dry bulk density of the most dense state of pellets (kg/m3) (2) calculation of total surface area of coarse and fine aggregates ($) Assuming that the pellets are spherical 'Put the total surface area of coarse and fine pellets ^ = ^.

201200487 l,···: Specify the surface area constant (1/m) of the No. j sieve. Heart pair: mixed pellet specific surface area (m2/kg) Step 4: Set the water-to-binder ratio (w/b), calculate the amount of each component material: To the performance concrete material group: 姊 (w_), fine woman ( u, rice-like ash (Wrha), cement (weement) and water (Wwater). According to the durability and strength quality of the required concrete H to tb (w / b) 'this hair _ cement age non-woven Weihe water-to-gel ratio The system is 0.2 to 0.5, and its relationship is: A = >v/6 ---^jvater ^y^cement ^RHA ) Also. U and .W coffee - A. w test = 〇 list related materials Formula, matrix is established, and the computer program is used as the inverse matrix to solve the concrete materials. a. The calculation of the amount of concrete used for the concrete: the formula for bringing in the aforementioned total surface area

匕=匕+t/u=d+u.L Like. 'Poly (or called cement) is cement, coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, rice husk ash and water _ less than 1GG touch __ 磐 domain, can get the following formula:

Vp = —~ί—yo A 1 1 -Cal Cl gas ~) Formula 移 After the movement is sorted, the following formula:

Ksst stone + Ksst * t sand

"RHA

RHA cement cement water

-K 'ivater 201200487

b. Relationship between coarse and fine pellets: deducting pulp and predicting gas content in concrete ( 1 \ / Ksst * t + —

V « is the volume of coarse and fine pellets Τ ston< y^stone Ksst * / + C·

Ka, J ratio of coarse and fine grain to rice husk gray ratio:

Wstone _ Wsand P^i Pw2

Pw3

IL w, coffee e r, ~ * ^sand = 〇

Equation (2) is established according to the above a~c relationship:

Ksst · t Ksst · t + 1 1 0 /ston, ^ -it: 0 〇ο τν stone Wsand -K IKK 0 〇〇~.ι Λ WRHA = 0 Pw>3 0 0 w cement 0 again Λ -1 w . Water 0

Ksst. t Ksst · t + —L_ ysand

— f^L 0 0

Ksst * t Ksst · t L_ l Ί •1 -K Wsand . 4. xi ^rha ycement y water ysta Ksst · t H—— ne ysand 0 0 0 iKK WRHA — 1 Pw,, 0 0 0 0 Ke Fu 1 0 Pyv,s 0 0 0 ^ water L 〇0 λ λ -1 0 _ Solve the inverse matrix with computer program to get the amount of concrete materials.

Of course, the method of the present invention for producing a concrete containing rice hull ash, wherein the rice husk ash can be further subjected to a grinding treatment. Further, the concrete may further include an additive which is one of a strong plasticizer, a flow aid, a surfactant, and an adhesive, 9 201200487 to improve the workability of the concrete. [Examples] The sieve analysis (coarse-stone, fine-grain-sand, rice husk ash) of the present invention was as follows: Table 1 sieve number <#100 #100 #50 #30 #16 Particle size (mm) <0.15 0.15 0.3 0.6 1.18 Particle size number G) 1 2 3 4 5 Screening rate $(4) 0.007 0 0 0 0 Sand (i=2) 0.048 0.095 0.136 0.155 0.277 Rice husk ash 0=3) 1 0 0 0 0 Screen #8 #4 3"/8 Γ/2 3Ύ4 Particle size (mm) 2.36 4.75 9.5 12.5 19 Particle size number 76 7 8 9 10 Retaining rate stone (i=l) 0 0.361 0.414 0.218 0 Sand (i =2) 0.290 0 0 0 0 Rice husk ash (i=3) 0 0 0 0 0 The results of the sieve analysis are combined with the Fuller curve (the maximum particle size of the pellets in this example is 19 faces, which can be h=l/2~ Set the array calculation between 1/3, such as: h=0. 333, 0. 4, 0. 45, 0.5, now h = 0.5. The data obtained are as follows: Table 2 Screen number <#100 # 100 #50 #30 #16 201200487

Particle size (mm) <0.15 0.15 0.3 0.6 1.18 Screening ratio P 0 0.09 0.13 0.18 0.25 Screening rate 0.09 0.04 0.05 0.07 0.10 Screen number #8 #4 3"/8 1"/2 3"/4 Particle size (mm) 2.36 4.75 9.5 12.5 19 Retaining ratio P 0.35 0.50 0.71 0.81 1.00 Retaining ratio P 0.15 0.21 0.10 0.19 0.14 Can be defined by Tables 1 and 2 [4,7,[4,;,[4·, and [ iU, as follows: [also '0.007 0.048" T "0.09" 0 0.095 0 0.04 0 0.136 0 0.05 0 0.155 0 0.07 0 0.277 \A\j = 0 [kl = 0.10 0 0.290 0 0.15 0.361 0 0 0.21 0.414 0 0 0.10 0.218 0 0 0.19 0 0 0 0.14 >v,/ Λ Ά-μ = 1 1 /v,3_ 1 Bring the above matrix into equation (1)

ΡνΊ '0.4700' — 0.4614 fV3_ 0.0686 Converting the volume ratio to weight ratio Table 3 P = id] [d. h , /) = 19mm h=0.5 201200487 Volume ratio 0.4700 0.4614 0.0686 Pw,, 0.4792 Weight ratio Pw, 2 0.4668 Pw , 3 0.0540 A,: the volume ratio of coarse aggregate to stone in the mixed pellets. h : volume ratio of fine aggregate-sand in the mixed pellets.

Pv, 3: volume ratio of rice husk ash (RHA) in mixed pellets. : The weight ratio of coarse aggregate to stone in the mixed pellets. : The weight ratio of fine granules to sand in the mixed granules. : weight ratio of rice husk ash (RHA) in mixed pellets. Since the calculation result is the most appropriate h~1/2, this embodiment selects a suitable pellet accumulation structure h=l/2 (ie h=0.5), and the dry bulk density test (also known as dry weight unit weight) Test) The maximum dry bulk density i/max = 2046 (kg/m3) is derived.

Fill gap volume required for coarse and fine pellets vv=\-um^

Pw, / ^ Pw,2 where y/=2670(kg/m3), y2=2650(kg/m3) + 2724

v y2 J

Calculate specific surface area = X

(Pw,j Pw,2 λ v ·~Η hv ~ KsstJ LI a Ϊ2 J Table 4 12 201200487 Screen number <#100 #100 #50 #30 #16 Particle size 4; (mm) <0.15 0.15 0.3 0.6 1.18 A: 5s, 7 (1/mm) 0 28.85 14.43 7.27 3.67 Screen #8 #4 378 l"/2 3"/4 Particle size (mm) 2.36 4.75 9.5 12.5 19 1.83 0.91 0.55 0.39 0.28

From this, we can infer ^^, = 1.4148 (1112/1^). After setting the water-to-binder ratio (w/b)=0.35, bring in the equation (2) l 1 Ί Ύcement y water -1 -K 0 0 i-K-K 0 0 0 0 0 0 λ — 1 0

Yrha 0 0 Pw„ Pw,3 λ w stone Ksst · t f I 1 ^ sand ivooi l \ 7stone WRHA — 1 w cement 1 \v water 0 Ksst · t +

Ksst · ty sand ΡΛν,Ι ~Pw^ 0 0 '1.4148·5χ1(Γ6 1.4148·5χ10'6 1 2060 1 3150 1 1000 •1 _ -0.2724 _ 1.4148·5χ10-6 + 2^7〇1.4148 ·5χ10_6+^ό 0 0 0 1-0.02-0.2724 1 0.4792 0.4668 0 0 0 0 1 0 0.4792 0.0540 0 0 0 0 0 0.35 0.35 -1 _ 0 w stone '936' Wsand 912 WRHA = 105 w cement 296 w _ water _ 140 Test results · 13

I 201200487 The above-mentioned concrete containing rice hull ash was respectively formed into a cylindrical test piece, and after the age of 28, the compressive strength test was carried out, and the results are shown in Tables 5 and 6. The compressive strength of concrete containing rice ash produced by the dense proportioning method is 61Mpa and 66Mpa: Table 5 Compressive strength 61Mpa 66Mpa Cement (kg) 296 376 Rice husk ash (kg) 105 98 Cement compressive strength performance (Mpa/kg / m3) 0.206 0.175 Cost of concrete (NTD/m3) 1535 1627 Carbon dioxide emissions (kg/m3) 296 376 Compressive strength of concrete containing rice ash not produced by dense proportioning method 61Mpa and 66Mpa : Table 6 Compressive strength 61Mpa 66Mpa Cement (kg) 514 783 Rice husk ash (kg) 57 87 Cement compressive strength performance (Mpa/kg/ m3) 0.119 0.084 201200487 Concrete cost (NTD/m3) 1727 2613 Carbon dioxide emissions (kg/ m3) 514 783 • Cement: 3 000 NTD /ton • Rice husk ash: 495 NTD/ton • Coarse pellets: 500 NTD /ton • Fine pellets: 383 NTD /ton From the test results of Tables 5 and 6, it is known that the compact ratio Compared with the concrete with rice hull ash, the concrete with rice husk ash is 296kg and 514kg respectively at the same compressive strength of 61MPaT, and the cement content is 376kg under the compressive strength of 66MPa. And 783kg 'Because cement consumption is a key factor in concrete cost Therefore, the concrete costs at the same compressive strength of 61 MPa are 1535 NTD/m3 and 1727 NTD/m3, respectively, while the concrete costs at compressive strength of 66 MPa are 1627 NTD/m3 and 2613 NTD/m3, respectively. The cost of concrete for rice husk ash is relatively low. Moreover, the carbon dioxide emissions of concrete containing rice husk ash according to the compact ratio method are relatively lower than those of concrete containing rice hull ash. Meet the environmental awareness of energy saving and carbon reduction. From the test results of Tables 5 and 6, it is obvious that the concrete with the rice hull ash according to the dense ratio method has a compressive strength of ~2.1 times that of the concrete containing the rice hull ash without the dense proportioning method. 'It can be pushed to produce concrete with rice hull ash according to the compact ratio method under the same amount of cement. It has high compressive strength. 15 201200487 In summary, the dense proportioning method for producing concrete containing rice hull ash according to the present invention mixes the ash-treated rice hull ash with a cement mixture, the dense proportioning method comprising: by Fuller Curve matching sieve analysis data to estimate the proportion of coarse, fine and rice hull ash; select the appropriate pellet accumulation structure to estimate the maximum dry looseness; calculate the required filling gap volume for deducting the material and fine (4); The water-to-binder ratio is used to calculate the amount of cement used in each group, which can save cement consumption and waste reuse, and can effectively improve the workability and durability of concrete. The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and thus the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and all modifications made in accordance with the content of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention are The details of the invention. In addition, the present invention has not been seen in any public occasions or publications before the request for t, so the case has the patents of inventions of "practicality, novelty and progressiveness", so the application for invention patents is proposed by the law. Allowing time to pass the review is a prayer. 201200487 [Simple description of the drawings] Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the dense proportioning method for producing concrete containing rice hull ash according to the present invention. [Explanation of main component symbols] 1 : Use the Fuller curve and sieve analysis data to estimate the proportion of coarse, fine and rice hull ash 2: Select the appropriate pellet accumulation structure, and estimate the maximum dry bulk density 3: Calculate the deduction Filling gap volume required for coarse and fine aggregates 4: setting the water-to-binder ratio and calculating the amount of each component

Claims (1)

201200487 VII. Patent application scope: 1. A compact proportioning method for manufacturing concrete containing rice hull ash, which is a mixture of ash ash and cement mixture, including cement and coarse granules. , fine granules and water, the dense proportioning system includes: The ratio of coarse granules, fine granules and rice husk ash is derived from the Fuller curve and sieve analysis data; the appropriate granule packing structure is selected to estimate the maximum dry bulk volume. Density; calculate the filling gap volume required to subtract coarse and fine particles; and set the water-to-binder ratio to calculate the amount of each component. 2. For the dense proportioning method for the manufacture of concrete containing rice hulls as described in item 1 of the patent application', the use of the Fuller curve and sieve analysis data to estimate the use of coarse, fine and rice hull ash The ratio is introduced into the application of discrete quantities. 3. The dense proportioning method for producing concrete containing rice hull ash according to item 1 of the patent application, wherein the rice husk ash of the rice husk ash mixed with the cement mixture accounts for 1% of the total weight to 40 weight percent. 4. The dense proportioning method for producing concrete containing rice hulls according to claim 1, wherein the ashing temperature is from 3 to 900 degrees. 5. The compact ratio method for producing concrete containing rice hull ash according to claim 1, wherein the water mixture ratio of the cement mixture to the rice husk ash is 〇 2 to 〇 5. 6. The dense proportioning method for producing concrete containing rice hull ash according to claim 1, wherein the rice husk ash is subjected to a grinding treatment. 7. The compact ratio method for producing ash-containing concrete according to the application of the patent specification, wherein the concrete system comprises an additive. 201200487 8. The dense proportioning method for producing concrete containing rice hull ash according to claim 7, wherein the additive is a plasticizer, a glidant, a surfactant, and an adhesive. Which 〇 19