201145283 六、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 [0001] 本發明係關於一種資料寫入方法’更特別的是本發明關 於一種以快閃記憶體為基礎的儲存襞置的資料寫入方法 以及採用該寫入方法的儲存裝置。 [0002] ❹ [先前技術] 在現今，快問記憶體（flash memory)的使用變的更為普 遍且可以儲存的資料量亦逐漸增加。快閃記憶體為一種 電子可刪除可程式化唯讀記.It體(electrically ：；.... ... erasable programmable read 〇nly 此肋!^，EEP- ROM)。與-般的電子可抹除可程式化唯讀記憶體不同的 是，快閃記憶體一次可以刪除一個區塊（bl〇ck)。快閃記 憶體的區塊大小會隨著不同種類的快閃記憶體裝置而有 所不同。快閃記憶體裝置-般而言為輕薄短小且消耗相 當低的電量。因此，快閃記憶體對於消費性電子產品是 相當適合的。 〇 [0003] -般而言’以㈣記憶體為基礎的儲存裝置，例如固態 磁碟（solid state disk，SSD)或是咖隨身碟⑽b handy drive)’ 皆透過標準FAT(fiu au_ti⑽ taMe)或 NTFS(new technology fiu ―㈣）的播 案系統來進行檔案存取控制。然而，當以快閃記憶體為 基礎的儲存裝置應用於工業化電腦（industriai pc)時 ，在某些應用上需要做到防止資料遭到修改，或需要保 留重要資料的操作記錄（1〇g)。因此，便有需要組態設定 以快閃記憶體為基礎的儲存裝置的控制器來限制每一個 099118899 表單編號麵 第3頁/共15 s 〇992〇33452_〇 201145283 [0004] [0005] [0006] [0007] 099118899 磁區的寫入，讓每一個磁區只能寫入一次或是寫入一預 定的寫入次數，以防止某些資料被覆寫或清除。本發明 的提出便是用來解決這個需求。 【發明内容】 本發明的一目的在於提供一種以快閃記憶體為基礎的儲 存裝置，其可在當資料欲寫入已經被寫入一預定寫入次 數的快閃記憶體的區塊時，禁止該區塊被資料寫入。 本發明的另一目的在於提供一種用於以快閃記憶體為基 礎的儲存裝置的資料寫入方法，其可在當資料欲寫入已 經被寫入一預定寫入次數的快閃記憶體的區塊時，禁止 該區塊被資料寫入。 本發明的以快閃記憶體為基礎的儲存裝置主要包含一快 閃記憶體，具有複數個區塊，以及一快閃控制器，其具 有一主要對照表與複數個次要對照表，其中每個次要對 照表記錄一區塊的操作記錄，以及一資料存取控制單元 ，其係設定為經由該次要對照表允許所有區塊被資料寫 入一預定的寫入次數，並且在資料欲寫入的區塊已經被 寫入該預定寫入次數時，禁止該區塊被資料寫入。 此外，本發明的資料寫入方法係用於以快閃記憶體為基 礎的一儲存裝置，其中該快閃記憶體具有複數個區塊且 該儲存裝置具有複數個次要對照表以記錄該等區塊的操 作狀態，其中該次要對照表具有指示該區塊是否能夠被 寫入的一旗標，該寫入方法包含下列步驟：（I)判斷欲資 料寫入的區塊的次要記錄表中的旗標是否在活動的狀態 ，以及（II)若欲資料寫入的區塊的次要記錄表中的旗標 表單編號A0101 第4頁/共15頁 0992033452-0 201145283 並非在/舌動的狀態，禁止該區塊被資料寫入 [0008] 【實施方式】 第一圖顯不本發明的以快閃記憶體為基礎的儲存裝 置的較佳實施例的系統方塊圖。如第一圖所示，以快 閃記憶體為基礎的儲存裝置⑽，例如—固態磁碟，包含 快閃讀體104以及—快閃控制器1〇2。快閃記憶體 1〇4其係由數個區塊所組成，每個區塊的大小 一般而言為512個位元組β每個區塊由邏輯區塊位址 (jogic block addressing, LBA)來代表，並且邏輯 區塊位址的索引碼隨著區塊的編號遞增。如第二圖所示 ’快閃記㈣1G4包含N個區塊，其由LBA G'LBA 1… LBA N來代表。快閃控制器1〇2係用來控制快閃記憶體 1〇4的貝料存取，其包含一隨機存取記億趙（RAM) 1022 ’具有一個主要對照表（Primary mapping ta_ ble) 1 022a，3己錄快閃記憶體1〇4的邏輯位置與實體位置 之間的對照關係，以及數個次要對照表（s⑽η·y mapping table)l〇22b，分別記錄所有區塊（LBA 〇， LBA 1’ ’ LBA N)的操作記錄（1〇g)。快閃控制器1〇2 更包含-控制邏輯（CC)ntrc)1 1〇gic)1Q24，其具有一資 料存取控制單TL(data access control unit)1024a 資料存取控制單tc 1024a會詢問操作者是否有資料要寫 入或刪除。若有資料要刪除，資料存取控制單元圓a會 發出一資料刪除命令來將快閃記憶體104的所有區塊 (LBA 0’ LBA 1, ., LBA N)的資料刪除。該資料刪除 099118899 表單編號A0101 第5頁/共15頁 0992033452-0 201145283 命令可為ΑΤΑ命令集的Secure Erase命令，或是在ΑΤΑ 命令集中自行定義的資料刪除命令。當有資料要寫入快 閃記憶體104的區塊時，資料存取控制單元1 024a會讀取 次要對照表1 022b的操作記錄（1 og)以判斷欲寫入的區塊 是否能夠寫入。若欲寫入區塊的次要對照表中的操作記 錄表示該區塊無法被寫入，資料存取控制單元1 024a便會 禁止該區塊被資料寫入。 第二圖A顯示本發明的主要對照表1 022a的一較佳 實施例的示意圖。如第二圖A所示，主要對照表1 022a .包含一邏輯區塊編號（logical block number) 202以 及實體區塊編號（physical block-mimtrering) 204 ，用以分別記錄邏輯區塊的編號以及實體區塊編號，藉 此呈現邏輯區塊以及實體區塊之間的對應關係。第二圖 B顯示本發明的次要對照表1 0 2 2 b的一較佳實施例的示意 圖。如第二圖B所示，次要對照表1022b包含一寫入計 數器（writing counter)206以及，一寫入致能（writing enable)旗標208，其中寫入計數器206記錄區塊被寫入 的次數，而寫入致能旗標208提供區塊是否能夠被寫入的 指示。在本實施例中，若寫入計數器206中的數字達到預 定的寫入次數，例如一次，資料存取控制單元1 024a便會 將該區塊的寫入致能旗標208設為停止（inactive)。舉 例而言，若區塊LBA 0已經寫入一次，資料存取控制單元 1 024a便會將該區塊的寫入致能旗標208設為0代表停止 的狀態，表示該區塊變成無法寫入的狀態。如前述所言 ，若想要將資料寫入寫入致能旗標208為停止的區塊，例 如LBA 0，資料存取控制單元1024a便會便會禁止該區塊 099118899 表單編號A0101 第6頁/共15頁 0992033452-0 201145283 被資料寫入。 第三圖為本發明的資料寫入方法的流程圖。本發明 的資料寫入方法適用於以快閃記憶體為基礎的儲存裝置 ，現在說明如下。第三圖的資料寫入方法的程序開始於 步驟300，其中一開始時每個區塊的寫入致能旗標208係 預設為活動（active)狀態，亦即設定為1。接下來，在 步驟302中會判斷是否有資料要寫入快閃記憶體104或快 閃記憶體104的資料是否要刪除。若快閃記憶體104的資 料要刪除，程序的執行跳至步驟306以刪除快閃記憶體 1 04中所有區塊中的資料並將所有區塊的次要對照表的寫 入致能旗標設定為活動，並且接著程序的執行跳至步驟 31 6而結束。若有資料要寫入快閃記憶體104，程序的執 行跳至步驟304來判斷欲寫入的區塊的次要對照表中寫入 致能旗標是否為活動（active )。若否，則代表欲寫入的 區塊的次要對照表中寫入致能旗標為停止（inactive)而 不可寫入，程序的執行跳至步驟314以禁止快閃記憶體 104中的該區塊被資料寫入，並且接著程序的執行跳至步 驟31 6而結束。若是，則代表欲寫入的區塊的次要對照表 中寫入致能為活動（active)而准許寫入，程序的執行跳 至步驟308將資料寫入欲寫入的區塊中並將該區塊的寫入 計數器的數字加1。接下來，程序的執行跳至步驟310以 判斷該區塊的寫入計數器的數字是否達到一預定的寫入 次數。若否，程序的執行跳至步驟31 6而結束。若是，程 序的執行跳至步驟312以將該區塊的寫入致能旗標設為停 止（inactive)，並且接著程序的執行跳至步驟316而結 束。 099118899 表單編號A0101 第7頁/共15頁 0992033452-0 201145283 [0010] [0011] [0012] [0013] [0014] 總而言之，本發明揭露一種以快閃記憶體為基礎的 儲存裝置的貢料寫入方法，該方法的特點在於准許快閃 記憶體的每個區塊被寫入一預定的寫入次數。若是欲寫 入資料的區塊已經被寫入該預定的寫入次數，則禁止該 區塊被資料寫人。為了達成此㈣’本發明在儲存記憶 體的快閃控制器的隨機存取記憶體中具有數個次要對照 表，每個次要對照表記錄一個區塊的操作記錄，其中包 含用來判斷區塊是否能夠寫入的旗標◊此外快閃控制器 的控制邏輯具有一資料存取控制單元，其會讀取次要對 照表所記錄的區塊的操作紀錄以判斷該區塊是否能夠寫 入。若該旗標表㈣區塊無法被寫人，f科存取控制單 元1024a便會禁止該區塊被資料寫入。 本案得由熟知此技術之人士任施匠思而為諸般修飾 ，然皆不脫如附申請專利範圍所欲保護者。 【圖式簡單說明】 前述說明以及本案的其他特點與優點將藉由下面說 明參考所附圖示而得到最佳的了解，其中： 第一圖顯示本發明的以快閃記憶體為基礎的儲存裝置的 ~較佳實施例的系統方塊圖； 第二圖A顯示本發明的主要對照表的一較佳實施例的示意圖； 第二圖B顯示本發明的次要對照表的一較佳實施例的示意 圖；以及 第三圖為本發明的資料寫入方法的流程圖。 099118899 表單鴣號A0101 第8頁/共15頁 0992033452-0 201145283 【主要元件符號說明】 [0015] 100 以快閃記憶體為基礎的儲存裝. [0016] 102 快閃控制器 [0017] 104 快閃記憶體 [0018] 1022 隨機存取記憶體 [0019] 1 022a主要對照表 [0020] 1 022b次要對照表 [0021] 1024 控制邏輯 [0022] 1024a資料存取控制單元 [0023] 202 邏輯區塊編號 [0024] 204 實體區塊編號 [0025] 206 寫入計數器 [0026] 208 寫入致能旗標 ❹ 099118899 表單編號A0101 第9頁/共15頁 0992033452-0201145283 VI. Description of the Invention: [Technical Field] [0001] The present invention relates to a data writing method. More particularly, the present invention relates to a data writing method for a flash memory-based storage device. And a storage device using the writing method. [0002] 先前 [Prior Art] Nowadays, the use of flash memory has become more common and the amount of data that can be stored has gradually increased. Flash memory is an electronically erasable and programmable only reading. It body (electrically :;.... ... erasable programmable read 〇nly this rib! ^, EEP-ROM). Unlike general electronic erasable programmable read-only memory, flash memory can delete a block (bl〇ck) at a time. The block size of the flash memory will vary with different types of flash memory devices. Flash memory devices are generally light, thin, and consume relatively low amounts of power. Therefore, flash memory is quite suitable for consumer electronics. 〇[0003] In general, 'four-memory-based storage devices, such as solid state disk (SSD) or coffee-loaded disc (10) b handy drive)' are all standard FAT (fiu au_ti(10) taMe) or NTFS (new technology fiu ― (4)) broadcast system for file access control. However, when a flash memory-based storage device is applied to an industrial computer (industriai pc), in some applications, it is necessary to prevent the data from being modified, or to keep an important operation record (1〇g). . Therefore, there is a need to configure a controller that sets the flash memory-based storage device to limit each 099118899 form number face page 3/15s 〇992〇33452_〇201145283 [0004] [0005] [ 0006] [0007] 099118899 The writing of the magnetic zone allows each magnetic zone to be written only once or written a predetermined number of writes to prevent some data from being overwritten or cleared. The present invention has been made to address this need. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a flash memory-based storage device that can be used when data is to be written into a block of flash memory that has been written for a predetermined number of writes. This block is prohibited from being written by the data. Another object of the present invention is to provide a data writing method for a flash memory-based storage device, which can be used when a data is to be written into a flash memory that has been written for a predetermined number of writes. When the block is blocked, the block is prohibited from being written by the data. The flash memory-based storage device of the present invention mainly comprises a flash memory having a plurality of blocks, and a flash controller having a main comparison table and a plurality of secondary comparison tables, wherein each A secondary comparison table records an operation record of a block, and a data access control unit is configured to allow all blocks to be written by a predetermined number of writes via the secondary comparison table, and When the written block has been written to the predetermined number of writes, the block is prohibited from being written by the data. In addition, the data writing method of the present invention is for a flash memory-based storage device, wherein the flash memory has a plurality of blocks and the storage device has a plurality of secondary look-up tables to record the An operational state of the block, wherein the secondary look-up table has a flag indicating whether the block can be written, the writing method comprising the following steps: (I) determining a secondary record of the block to which the data is to be written Whether the flag in the table is in the active state, and (II) the flag form number A0101 in the secondary record table of the block to which the data is to be written. Page 4/15 pages 0992033452-0 201145283 Not in / tongue In the state of motion, the block is prohibited from being written by data [0008] [Embodiment] The first figure shows a system block diagram of a preferred embodiment of the flash memory-based storage device of the present invention. As shown in the first figure, a flash memory based storage device (10), such as a solid state disk, includes a flash reader 104 and a flash controller 1〇2. The flash memory 1〇4 is composed of several blocks, and the size of each block is generally 512 bytes. Each block is composed of a jogic block addressing (LBA). To represent, and the index code of the logical block address is incremented with the number of the block. As shown in the second figure, 'flash' (4) 1G4 contains N blocks, which are represented by LBA G'LBA 1... LBA N. The flash controller 1〇2 is used to control the access of the flash memory 1〇4, which includes a random access memory (RAM) 1022' has a primary mapping table (Primary mapping ta_ ble) 1 022a, 3 recorded the relationship between the logical position and the physical position of the flash memory 1〇4, and several secondary comparison tables (s(10)η·y mapping table) l〇22b, respectively recording all the blocks (LBA 〇 , LBA 1' 'LBA N) operation record (1〇g). The flash controller 1〇2 further includes a control logic (CC) ntrc) 1 1〇gic) 1Q24, which has a data access control unit 1024a data access control unit tc 1024a will ask for operation Whether there is data to be written or deleted. If there is data to be deleted, the data access control unit circle a will issue a data delete command to delete the data of all blocks (LBA 0' LBA 1, . , LBA N) of the flash memory 104. The data is deleted 099118899 Form No. A0101 Page 5 of 15 0992033452-0 201145283 The command can be the Secure Erase command of the command set or the data delete command defined in the command set. When there is data to be written into the block of the flash memory 104, the data access control unit 1 024a reads the operation record (1 og) of the secondary table 1 022b to determine whether the block to be written can be written. In. If the operation record in the secondary look-up table of the block to be written indicates that the block cannot be written, the data access control unit 1 024a prohibits the block from being written. Figure 2A shows a schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment of the primary comparison table 1 022a of the present invention. As shown in the second figure A, the main comparison table 1 022a. includes a logical block number 202 and a physical block-mimtrering 204 for respectively recording the logical block number and the entity. The block number, thereby presenting the logical block and the correspondence between the physical blocks. Figure 2B shows a schematic representation of a preferred embodiment of the secondary comparison table 1 0 2 2 b of the present invention. As shown in the second diagram B, the secondary lookup table 1022b includes a writing counter 206 and a writing enable flag 208, wherein the write counter 206 records the block being written. The number of writes, and the write enable flag 208 provides an indication of whether the block can be written. In this embodiment, if the number in the write counter 206 reaches a predetermined number of writes, for example, once, the data access control unit 1 024a sets the write enable flag 208 of the block to be inactive (inactive). ). For example, if the block LBA 0 has been written once, the data access control unit 1 024a sets the write enable flag 208 of the block to 0 to indicate a stopped state, indicating that the block becomes unwritten. The status of the entry. As mentioned above, if the data is to be written to the block where the write enable flag 208 is stopped, for example, LBA 0, the data access control unit 1024a will disable the block 099118899 Form No. A0101 Page 6 / Total 15 pages 0992033452-0 201145283 were written. The third figure is a flow chart of the data writing method of the present invention. The data writing method of the present invention is applicable to a flash memory-based storage device, which will now be described. The program of the data writing method of the third figure starts at step 300, in which the write enable flag 208 of each block is initially set to an active state, i.e., set to 1. Next, in step 302, it is determined whether there is data to be written to the flash memory 104 or the flash memory 104 whether the data is to be deleted. If the data of the flash memory 104 is to be deleted, the execution of the program jumps to step 306 to delete the data in all the blocks in the flash memory 104 and write the enable flag of the secondary table of all the blocks. Set to active, and then the execution of the program jumps to step 31 6 and ends. If there is data to be written to the flash memory 104, execution of the program jumps to step 304 to determine whether the write enable flag in the secondary lookup table of the block to be written is active. If not, the write enable flag in the secondary lookup table of the block to be written is inactive and not writable, and execution of the program jumps to step 314 to disable the flash memory 104. The block is written by the data, and then the execution of the program jumps to step 316 to end. If so, the write enable is active for the secondary lookup table of the block to be written, and the execution of the program jumps to step 308 to write the data to the block to be written and The number of the write counter for this block is incremented by one. Next, execution of the program jumps to step 310 to determine if the number of write counters for the block has reached a predetermined number of writes. If not, the execution of the program jumps to step 31 6 and ends. If so, execution of the program jumps to step 312 to set the write enable flag for the block to inactive, and then execution of the program jumps to step 316 to complete. 099118899 Form No. A0101 Page 7 / Total 15 Page 0992033452-0 201145283 [0011] [0014] [0014] In summary, the present invention discloses a tribute writing of a flash memory-based storage device. The method is characterized in that each block of the flash memory is allowed to be written for a predetermined number of writes. If the block to which the data is to be written has been written to the predetermined number of writes, the block is prohibited from being written by the data. In order to achieve this (four) 'the present invention has a plurality of secondary comparison tables in the random access memory of the flash controller of the storage memory, each secondary comparison table records an operation record of one block, which is included for judging The flag of the block can be written. In addition, the control logic of the flash controller has a data access control unit that reads the operation record of the block recorded by the secondary table to determine whether the block can be written. In. If the block (4) block of the flag table cannot be written, the f access control unit 1024a prohibits the block from being written. This case has been modified by people who are familiar with the technology, but it is not intended to be protected by the scope of the patent application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The foregoing description, as well as other features and advantages of the invention, will be best understood by reference A block diagram of a preferred embodiment of the apparatus; a second diagram A showing a preferred embodiment of the main comparison table of the present invention; and a second diagram B showing a preferred embodiment of the secondary comparison table of the present invention. A schematic diagram of the data writing method of the present invention; 099118899 Form nickname A0101 Page 8 of 15 0992033452-0 201145283 [Main component symbol description] [0015] 100 Flash memory-based storage device. [0016] 102 Flash controller [0017] 104 Fast Flash Memory [0018] 1022 Random Access Memory [0019] 1 022a Main Comparison Table [0020] 1 022b Secondary Comparison Table [0021] 1024 Control Logic [0022] 1024a Data Access Control Unit [0023] 202 Logic Area Block Number [0024] 204 Physical Block Number [0025] 206 Write Counter [0026] 208 Write Enable Flag ❹ 099118899 Form Number A0101 Page 9 / Total 15 Page 0992033452-0