201124757 六、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係有關於一種具有一結構化表面的光學基 板，特別是有關於增強亮度的光學基板；更特別有關二 一種用於具平面光源的平面顯示器之增加亮度的基板。 【先前技術】 平面顯示器技術被普遍地應用於電視顯示器，電腦 顯示器，以及手持電子裝置（例如行動電話、個人數位 助理(PDA)等）的顯示器上。液晶顯示器（LCD)係為一種 平面顯示器，其運用具有像素陣列的液晶模組來產生書 面。 圖1續'示LCD顯示器為例（此顯示器可能依照本發 明被修改而包含光學基板）。背光液晶顯示器1〇包含液 晶顯示模組12，以背光模組14形成之平面光源，以及 數個光學膜插入於液晶模組12與背光模組14之間。液 晶模組12包含被夾於兩透明基板之間的液晶，以及控 制電路’用來定義一二維晝素陣列。背光模組14提供 平面的光線分布，一種為光源延伸於一平面上的背光或 為如圖1所示的邊緣式背光，其在導光板18的邊緣上 提供線性的光源16。反射片20係用來引導光線自線性 光源16穿過導光板18的邊緣進入導光板18。導光板 係結構化(例如雜狀板以及被定義於最底部且面離液晶 模組12的光線反射和/或散射表面）以分布以及引導光 線經過面對液晶模組12最頂端的平面。光學膜可包含 上擴散片22和下擴散片24，其使光線從導光板18的 4 201124757 平面擴散出來。光學膜進一步包含上下的結構化的表 面’符合本發明之光學基板26及28，其將通過的光線 重新分布，以使離開光學膜的光線能被引導而更靠近光 學膜片表面的法線行進。在習知領域中，光學基板26 和28通常被稱為照明或增強亮度膜片、光線重導膜 片、以及方向性擴散片。通過上述光學膜片的組合而進 入液晶模組12的光線’係均勻地分布於液晶模組12的 平面區域，且具有相對高的法線光強度。液晶顯示器 10可用做如電視、筆記型電腦、螢幕、可攜式電子裝 置如行動電話、個人數位助理、相機等等的顯示幕。 減少液晶螢幕的耗電、厚度和重量且能保持品質的 需求逐漸增加。因此，希望能減少背光模組的耗電、 重量及厚度，還有希望減少光學膜片的厚度。就這方^ 來說，許多光線反射技術已經發展以減少耗電同時不d 顯示器的亮度方面妥協。有些發展係針對背光模組來5 善整體的光線輸出表現(例如，設計如圖丨 ^包含光源’反射片2〇’以及光導板18)。此外以 ί =對擴散片22和24以及朗/亮度增強片26和2 在月光液晶顯不器1〇中，古雇 r棱柱狀架構來沿著視二=== ^如此可增陳視者相顯示ϋ的光線強度，且使系 統使用較低的功率產生所欲達成 r亮度增強片係具有平行的稜柱狀溝紋二 ::::二:二射-出八平面上的三稜柱，其可改變光射出 膜片時賴仏幻1面之間的角度，以及，造成斜向 201124757 入射於膜片其他表面的光線被重新分配至更接近於該 射出表面的法線。亮度增強片具有平滑的光入射表面， 來自背光模組的光線係穿過此亮度增強片。以往，許多 液晶顯示器使用兩層亮度增強片（如圖1所示之液晶顯 器），其繞著垂直於膜片平面的軸旋轉，如此個別的膜 片層的溝槽相對於彼此係呈九十度，如此使光線對齊於 垂直於光輸出表面的兩個平面。 過往，許多人致力發展亮度增強片的結構表面。圖 2係繪示各種先前技術所揭露的亮度增強片的結構。亮 度增強片的光輸出表面（圖中所示最頂端的表面）係具有 結構，而光入射表面（圖中最底部的表面）則為平坦滑順 的（例如，光亮的）。當亮度增強表面被用於液晶顯示器 時，其光亮的底部表面置於另一亮度增強片的結構表面 上方，帶來兩個亮度增強片中一者光亮表面以及另一光 亮或結構表面之間的光學擾動，造成顯示晝面中有如干 擾波紋等不欲求的視覺產物（即亮暗交錯重複的圖形）。 來自於干擾波紋、物理缺陷、線流、汙點及不均勻等不 欲產生且影響視覺的效果，可藉由使用上擴散片而被遮 罩（例如於亮度增強片26上方的擴散片22)。 迄今，為了減少液晶顯示器中整體光學膜片的厚 度，許多技術都著力於減少光學膜片的數量，自四片（例 如圖1的光學膜片22、24、26與28)減少到三片。此方 面，一般而言較低的擴散片24以及亮度增強片28被維 持為分開的兩個結構，然而頂部擴散片和亮度增強片被 結合成為單一的混合型膜片結構。這種三片式的顯示器 被廣泛使用於手持式電子裝置以及筆記型電腦中，尤其 6 201124757 更是想要減少此等產品的尺寸。 許多人致力發展混合型的亮度增強片。請參閱美國 專利號碼U.S. 5,995,288之圖3，其揭露於光學基板下 侧的一分子塗層，位在相對於頂邊的基板結構表面的另 一面。請參閱美國專利號碣U.S. 5,598,280之圖4，揭 露一種於光學基板下側形成小的凸狀結構的方法，以改 善照明的均勻度。其他人亦嘗試調整光學基板之稜柱狀 表面的結構。舉例而言，請參酌美國專利號碼U s, 6,789,574的圖5，其於棱柱狀表面上提供細小的突出 物，其係供以較大的角度以某一方向擴散光線。 然而，上述之混合型免度增強片牽涉到相對複雜的 結構，而需要相對高額的製造成本。甚至，混合型亮度 增強片於欲得之視角内引導光線的效率較低。 甚而&之’缺少了頂部具結構表面的混合型亮度增 強片以及液晶模組下側之間的個別頂層擴散片，可能產 生呈現黑白圖樣的干擾波紋。亮度增強片的表面結構和 液晶模組中的像素陣列可造成干擾波紋亦或莫爾干涉 紋(moir0 pattern)。 因此仍需求一種具成本效益的光學基板，其可提供 能增強亮度且減少干擾紋的結構表面，不論用於亮度增 強片中或是液晶模組中。 【發明内容】 本發明係針對一光學基板具有可增強亮度或照明 且減少顯示影像干擾波紋之一結構化表面。本發明一實 施例之基板係以膠片、紙張、片以及其類似的形式存 201124757 在，其可能為彈性或剛性，此基板具有結構化的光射出 表面’其包含橫向蛇行或彎曲繞行的縱向稜柱結構所排 成的列。一實施例中，位於光射出表面的稜柱結構可被 視為包含橫向彎曲的縱向稜柱以及/或具端與端相連接 之連續彎曲區塊(例如，以一特定方向彎曲的區段，或 約略呈c形狀的彎曲區段）以形成總成彎曲的彎曲縱向 稜柱結構。一實施例中，橫向彎曲的縱向稜柱結構列被 平行橫向排列（並排），且定義平行的波峰與波谷(一刻面 (facet)被定義於每個相鄰的波峰和波谷之間）。於一 實施例中’橫向波狀係規則的呈固定或變化的波長與/ 或波幅（或橫向形變的程度卜橫向波狀可約略地具有正 弦波的形狀，或其他彎曲的形狀。另一實施例中，橫向 波狀係具有隨機的波長和波幅。一實施例中，於基板的 平面上’波峰皆具有固定或相似的高度及/或波谷具有 固定或相似的深度。於某特定的橫切面，相鄰的波峰/ 波谷間的最高點可為固定。一實施例中，光學基板包括 不具結構、平滑、平板或光滑的的光入射表面。一實施 例中’於整體的光學基板結構中，光射出表面及光入射 表面皆約略相互平行（亦即，沒有形成一整體為斜向之 光學基板）。 另一實施例中，結構化的光射出表面進一步包含沿 著波狀稜柱結構而變化的波峰高度。 一進一步實施例令，結構化的光射出表面進一步包 含預先定義的結構性不規則狀分布於結構表面，不論有 '又有’憂化的波峰高度。預先設定的結構性不規則狀可被 實物化（in-kind)為預期的結構性缺陷，例如於結構表 8 201124757 面之稜柱結構中的非刻面（non_facet)爲平區段。 光學基板可包括基底部分，其與具結構表面之層可 為分開的一層，或可被統整或單片化於結構表面之^柱 結構。基底部分提供了必要的厚度以對最終亮度增強臈 片提供結構的整體性。 、 【實施方式】 /本揭露内容係為目前實施本發明之最佳方式。本發 明係參照各種實施爿以及圖式而描述於此。料揭露係 供做描繪本發明的主要原理而不應被限制。熟習此等技 藝之人士應了解各種變化與改良係可依照本發明精神 所屬之範疇下的示而達成。本發明之範疇應 範圍定義之。 " ^本發明係針對可增強照明或亮度以及減少干擾波 紋之具有結構的光學基板。本發明的一方面來說，光學 土板係以膜片、紙張、板片或類似的形式呈現，其係可 ^具彈性或為硬性，具有具結構的光射出表面，其包含 杈向排列的蛇狀、波狀或彎曲的長型稜柱狀結構。 甚一本發明的背景來說，本發明之光學基板可被應用於 j不裝置，其具有顯示面板，此等顯示面板可為平坦或 %曲=硬性或軟性的，且具有顯示晝素陣列。平面光 ，係提ί、照明以涵蓋晝素陣列的區域。據此，具有彎曲 -頁示=面員#畫素的顯示面板，背力可涵蓋青取表面 内的晝素陣列以有效地提供照明至料顯示平面。 本么明將藉由各實施例進一步於以下被描述。 圖10繪示一平板面板顯示器的實施例。有關於本 201124757 發明一實施例之背光液晶顯示器100包括液晶顯示模 組112，做為背光模組114的平板光源，以及數個光學 膜片穿插於液晶模組112以及背光模組114之間。液晶 模組112包括被夾於兩個透明基板間之液晶，以及控制 電路用以定義二維的晝素陣列。背光模組114提供平板 光線分布，不論是背光式（backlit type)光源，其光源 於一平面延伸，或是側光式（edge-lit type)光源，如圖 10所示一線光源116係被提供於光導板118的邊緣。 反射片120被用於將來自線光源116的光線引導穿過光 導板118邊緣以進入光導板118。光導板係具有結構的 (例如，錐形板以及光反射及/或光散射表面，被定義於 面離液晶模組112的底部表面），用來分布以及導引光 線穿過面朝液晶模組112的頂部表面。光學膜片可包含 光學上和下擴散片122以及124,供擴散來自光導板118 的平板表面的光線。請注意的是，基於本發明如下述之 光學基板的光學擴散特性，雖然圖10顯示兩個擴散 片，在一實施例中’至少其中之上擴散片122係為不必 要的。下擴散片124也可以被省略。如此可減少液晶顯 示器100的整體厚度。須注意的是擴散片或層係不同於 增強亮度的光學基板（即下述之亮度或照明增強片），其 中擴散片不具有棱柱狀結構。擴散片散射及散布光線， 而非引導光線以增強照明。本發明之光學基板具有稜柱 狀結構’其被設計可擴散光線以及增強照明。 特別的是，圖6a所示之光學膜片進一步包含有關 於本發明之一或多個具結構表面的光學基板，其可擴散 光線以及將穿越的光線重新分布，如此射出膜片的光線 201124757 刀布可被引導以沿著膜片的法線行進。於繪示之實施例 中’其具有關於本發明之兩個具結構的光學基板126和 128(其可具有相似結構）’與垂直於兩個基板之間的縱向 稜柱狀結構被安排在一起。光學基板126和128之結構 被用來擴散光線以及增強照明亮度，重新引導光線射出 顯不器。經過上述組合的光學膜片後進入液晶模組u2 的光線係於空間中均勻地分布於液晶模組112的平面 區域，且具有相對強的法線光強度。具結構的光學基板 126和128減低了於液晶模組112與上結構基板126之 間個別擴散片的需求。更進一步，關連於本發明之結構 光學基板126和128可減少產生於基板間、液晶模組與 上基板間之干擾紋路。選擇地，對應於本發明，僅有光 學基板126和128其中之一需要具有結構(例如僅有下 光學基板128)，以提供可接受的干敎減以及光學擴 散效果。 有關於本發明之光學基板可用於液晶顯示幕，例 如’電視、筆記型電腦、螢幕、手持裝置如行動電話、 數位相機、個人數位助理或類似的裝置，以使顯示更佳 明亮。 當背光模組114被顯示為—置於光導板118邊緣的 光源116，背光模組可為另—種光源設定，例如一種位 於光導板邊緣的LED陣列，或是位於光導板上的平面 LED陣列，而不會脫離本發明的精神與範疇。 圖6a繪示根據本發明—實施例之光學基板％的結 構圖’其可用於圖ίο中的結構光學基板126及域128。 光學基板％具有光“射表面52以及具有稜柱狀結構 201124757 的光線射出表面54,此等稜柱狀結構可為橫向f曲延 續的複數縱向稜柱狀58的平行列兄。縱向棱柱狀58 橫向地以平滑的曲線f曲著。在另—實施例令（未圖 示）.4曲的區段(也就是於一特定方向上變曲的區段， 或個具c予形狀的彎曲片段)是兩端互相柄接的，而 形成整體f曲的縱向棱狀結構。於綠示的實施例中，光 入射表面52係為沒有結構的，而為平滑平坦且/或光滑 的應理解的是光入射表面52可被紋理化處理(例如， 相面或霧面處理或顆粒分散在表面上；請見美國專利申 請案號12/832,021，申請日2〇1〇年7月7日，其係完 整地被引用做為本說明書的揭露内容）。於繪示的實施 例中，於整體的光學基板結構中，光射出表面以及結構 化的光入射表面大致皆互相平行（也就是說，並非形成 種整體為錐狀的基板結構，有如背光模組中的光導 板，或是凸形或凹形） 於圖6a的實施例中，縱向稜柱58的橫向的彎曲列 56被排列為橫向平行(並排），並定義平行的波鋒6〇和 波谷62。波狀的刻面係被定義於每一相鄰的波鋒60和 波谷62之間。於圖6a所繪示的實施例中，側向的波狀 係為規則的’具有固定的波長和/或波幅（也就是側向形 變的程度），一般有正弦波(sinusoidal)的形狀。側向的波 狀可具有其他波形，其可能為不規則的及/或隨機的波 長及/或波幅（或側向形變)(請見圖9的實施例）。波鋒頂 點的角度可為直角，且整個基板平面上的波鋒皆具相同 或相似高度以及/或波谷具有相同或相似的深度。每一 稜柱％在χ-ζ平面上具有固定的區段形狀。於其他實 12 201124757 =波:向的波形可為不規則的，且更具有可變動的 么蘇^匕參考’以下的Xyz垂直座標將被採用來解釋 :。如圖6a所示’x軸係為跨越波鋒和波谷的方 :著^為橫向或橫跨方向。#係蜜直於X軸，大致 二：上58的長邊的方向。稜枉長邊的方向可用作波 轵 _文柱58 一端至另一端前進的約略方向，而這些 ^沿者y轴方向彎曲。光々射表面52位於x_y平面。 f於一正方形的光學基板，X轴和y#可沿著基板上互 :垂直的，邊。2軸係垂直於X#和y轴。顯示出稜柱 士 58之杈向排列的彎曲行％之〆端的邊緣位於平 面，如圖6a所示，其亦代表於0子面的剖視圖。棱 柱58的剖面的參考係為於k十面上，於不同點 的σ j面此外，水平方向的參考係為x-y平面，垂直 方向的參考係為Z方向。 夕 於繪示的實施例中，基板50包括兩個分開層 (separate layer)，其中頂部的結構表面層砧具有結構 化的光射出表Φ 54,以及底部的基詹66具有平板的光 入射表面52。此兩層係黏著於一起以形成基板5〇。可 了解的是基板可由單一整合的物理材質的層構成，而非 兩分別的物理層，且不會背離本發明的範疇和精神。光 冬基板50可為單一或者單片的的結構，包含基部整合 於定義結構表面的稜柱狀結構。 於繪示的實施例中，結構表面層68以及基層66係 由不同材質構成。結構表面層68玎由光學上透明的材 料所構成，較佳地為一聚合樹脂，例如紫外線或可見輻 13 201124757 射光硬化樹脂。一般而言，结構表面54係塗佈一種具 有可聚脂化架橋式的樹脂的^料成分於主要模具上或 主要鼓室且經歷硬化過程。基底層66可由PET(聚對苯 二甲酸乙二醇酯）材質所製成，但邡<以與結構層68相 同的透明材質構成基底層66提供必須的厚度以供結 構的整體性以完成製造光學照明增強片。 結構表面的維度一般為以下所述，例如： 基底層的厚度=數十微米至數個釐米 波峰的高度(從基底層的頂部量測）=數十至數百微 米 從基底層頂部到波谷底部的間距=約為0.5至數百 微米 波峰的頂角=約為70至11〇度 相鄰波峰的間距=數十至數百微米 橫向波狀稜柱的波長數十微米至數釐米 橫向形變D (也就是撗向波狀稜枉的兩倍振幅)=數 個至數百微米 於另一實施例中’光學基板的結構化光射出表面進 一步具有位於結構表面上，會改變的波峰高度之每個波 狀的棱柱結構’其侧外於橫向㈣的稜滅構(請見 圖13，亦見於圖7a)。波峰高度可以_種順序 或者隨機以及準隨機的方式改變。 ^ 律且有順序的變化，隨著見正的規 步包含預 設的結構上的不規則分部於結構表面，可罝 會變化的波峰高度。此狀的不規則可㈣於製程j 201124757 預期產生的結構上缺失，例如結構表面中的稜柱結構之 非刻面的平坦部分（例如於波峰上或波谷上）（請見圖 9以及圖13 ;亦見於圖8a)。結構上的不規則被分佈橫 跨結構的光射出表面，運用順序、半順序或者隨機以及 準隨機等方式至少其一。導入光射出表面的預設不規則 可遮罩結構上的缺陷所造成某些使用者可感知之缺 點，此等結構上的缺陷係在製程中無意間被包含於結構 性光射出表面中。預設的結構上之不規則的缺陷遮罩效 果可進一步參考美國專利申請案11/825,139,申請曰 2007年7月2日，於此完整地被引用做為本說明書的 揭露内容。 光學擴散效果的電腦模擬： 電腦模擬模型被用作光學擴散效果的動向分析，僅 包含根據本發明之兩個交錯的亮度增強光學基板。一般 而言，為了動向分析的目的，僅有其中一個基板係有波 狀棱形結構，變動的棱柱波峰高度或平坦的不規則狀， 以下將有完整詳述。僅兩個基板其中之一具有結構，結 構化表面的效果較容易被決定。上方的基板係於一邊具 直線三角棱柱結構，另一邊有光亮或平滑的表面。下方 的基板僅利用波狀棱柱、棱柱波峰高度或平坦的不規則 狀其中之一被結構化。下方的結構表面係鄰近於上方基 板的光亮的一邊，以及下方基板的另一邊係為光亮或平 滑的。光源輸入自基板的平滑光入射表面。模擬模型因 此被簡化且被用來獲得自上基板射出光線的光學擴散 分佈走向。此處並不特別考慮光反射板、光導板以及其 他元件。 15 201124757 電腦模擬係被用來調查沿著基板50的χ-ζ平面和 y-z平面的光擴散效果，此基板50具有不同程度的波狀 結構（亦即’不同程度的橫向形變D)以及相同的波長W = 100μπι。模擬被執行於一上光學基板7〇(見圖12)以及 具有基板50的下光學基板的組合，上光學基板7〇具有 橫向排列的筆直統一且規則的稜柱體71陣列，其中上 基板70和下基板50皆繞著ζ軸以90度旋轉，如此上 基板70的X軸係與下基板％的y軸對齊。面對下基板 50之結構表面的上基板7〇的朝下面係為平滑的。上基 板70具有50μηι最高點的波峰以及9〇度的頂角。下基 板具有相似的波峰最高點以及頂角。朗伯（Lambertian) 光被引導至位於下基板底部的光入射表面。僅將兩個光 千基板的其中之一結構化成橫向波狀的稜柱結構（或變 動的波峰尚度以及平坦的不規則於其他模擬中），膜片 架構的光學擴散效果可更容易被達成。 圖6b至6f分別代表一些模擬結果，對應於具有波 長W=l〇(^m以及形變D=〇、2〇、3〇、4〇_之波狀稜 柱的下基板50。圖6b至6f左側代表沿著基板之χ_ζ平 面所產生之光學擴散效果，基板50具如圖6a所示之具 本發明特徵的稜柱結構。圖6b至6f右側代表沿著基板 平面所產生之光學擴散效果，基板5G具如圖6a 斤Γ之具本發明特徵的稜柱結構。基於模擬結果，一般 人可清楚的見到光學擴散效果的動向，其中自 70的擴散射出猶分佈，於具有高形❹的統一2 ’、’、員，的的改變。此專模擬結果顯示出，隨著反向形變 越向來自射出表面的擴散光在X方向與y方向上快 201124757 速增加。相較於長邊的方向（y_z平面），射出光線被擴 散較多於橫向或橫越的方向（x—z平面）。具有形變如 圖6b)，射出光線可更加集中且顯著較少擴散。 為了達成模擬變動波峰高度之效果的動向分析的 目的，圖7a繪示光學基板72的示意圖’其沿著每個長 型稜狀結構僅具有變動的波峰高度。稜狀結構的波峰高 度隨著變量V改變。 / ^ 電腦模擬係用於調查具有不同程度之波峰高度變 量V的光學基板72上沿著x_y平面和y_z平面的=學 擴散效應。如先前實施例所述，模擬的進行係由以下所 組成：具有橫向列的筆直、統一且規則的稜杈71的上 光學基板70(請見圖12)，以及具有光學基板乃結構的 下光學基板，其中上光學基板7〇和下光學基板72係繞 著z軸旋轉，如此上基板70的χ軸可與下基板72的y 轴對齊。其餘模擬的狀況係與如先前圖6b至6f的模擬 狀況相似。面對下基板72具結構表面的上基板7〇的下 側係為平滑的。上基板70具有50μιη的波峰頂點以及 90度的頂角。下基板72具有類似的波峰頂點與頂角。 朗伯（Lambertian)光係被引導至於下基板底部的光入射 表面。 圖7b至7f分別代表具有波峰高度變量的v=〇, 1〇, 2〇,30,40μιη的下基板72的模擬結果。圖几至冗的左 側代表沿著下基板72的χ-ζ平面的光學擴散效應，其 基板具有如圖7a所示本發明特徵之稜柱狀結構。圖7b 至7f的右側代表沿著下基板72的y_z平面的光學擴散 效應。由模擬的結果可見光學擴散效應沒有隨著波峰高 17 201124757 又1里v的増加而有大幅改 :=::rr均勻一加於： 有大幅改ΐ =面’沿著χ和y軸的擴散光線不會 量V改“;鱗仍《巾錄少_料高度變 _ 4了達成扁平的不規則狀賴擬動向分析， 、’’曰示光學基板76,此基板76僅具有預先定義的 不規則狀78分布於基板之稜狀結構+。為了簡化模擬 模，，此結構被重設置為筆直規則而長型的稜柱84, 伴隨扁平的溝槽82位於相鄰的稜柱84之間。|3對a的 比例R(如圖8b所示）被用來控制扁平之不規則狀所佔 總區域面積的百分比。圖8c至8g展示具有比例r=〇, 2 5, 5, 10和20%的各結構的光學擴散效應的趨勢。 電腦模擬供用以調查具有不同程度之比例R的光 學基板80上，沿著χ_ζ平面和y-z平面的光學擴散效 應。如先前實施例所述’模擬被實行於以下組合：具有 筆直統一且規則的稜柱71橫向陣列的上光學基板 7〇(如圖12)及具有光學基板80的結構的下基板，其中 上基板70和下基板80接繞著z軸旋轉90度，如此上 基板7〇的X軸對齊於下基板80的y軸。其餘的模擬狀 況則相似於先前圖6b呈6f的模擬。面對下基板的 結構表面的上基板70的下側為平滑的。上基板70具有 波峰高度50μηι以及90度的頂角。下基板80具有相似 的波峰高度和頂角。朗伯光係被51導至於下基板底部的 光入射表面。 201124757 低光= 分別代表具有比例R=0, 2.5, 5, 10的較 低无干基板80的槿μ έ士 ® 低基板80沿著y_z平面。。圖8C至8g的左側代表較 的右側代她二構，如圖％所示。圖以至8§ 應。由4此描1 土板80沿著y-z平面的光學擴散效 二τΓ二類結果可知光學擴散效應並未隨著逐漸增 =中巨大變化，其中來自上基板則被擴散 :、於均勻度上幾乎沒有變化。模擬結果顯 1逐漸增加的R，來自射出表面的此些㈣光線 者X 口 y方向並未有明顯變化。比例r雖然改變 光線的度和較彡的擴散度依㈣持在相同的水 準。 基於先别所述的波狀稜柱結構，波峰高度變化，以 及扁平的;f規則料採用不同方式義向分析，以下的 光學擴散效應可被觀察出來，其中每個方式係被單獨考 里。當波狀的稜柱結構的橫向形變D逐漸增加，則來自 上基板的光射出表面的整體擴散光線快速地增加。當波 峰高度變異V逐漸增加，來自上基板的射出表面之整體 擴散光線些微地增加。據此，波狀稜柱的橫向形變D 對擴散光線產生更多顯著的效應。相較於橫向形變以及 波峰高度變異，扁平的不規則狀的比例R具有最少的影 響。依照先前的擴散分析，可預期到結合不同方法所構 成的效果能減少干擾波紋，而不需犧牲擴散。 先前所述之模擬並未考慮隨機或規律地安排不同 程度的橫向形變D，波峰高度變量V以及扁平規則的比 例R的組合。所有的模擬結構係平行於稜柱之間。可預 201124757 期的疋，若橫向形變D、波峰高度變量v以及扁平規則 的比例R皆用在適當的位置和高度，則擴散效應可被強 化。 實驗結果： ,根據本發明的光學基板的原塑被製為包括橫向稜 柱，變、波峰高度變量以及不規則的組合，此組合係被 6十算且被妥善地分佈於各位置和高度。圖9a係為一 SEM照片顯示波狀稜柱和不同大小的扁平不規則。圖 外係為圖如的放大圖。圖13係繪示光學基板77的立 體圖，其具有橫向的波狀稜柱(如圖6a)，稜柱波峰高度 變異（區段79,如圖7a所示）以及扁平的不規則78(如圖 8 a所示）。 當觀察到干擾波紋時，係一面具有筆直稜柱結構， 一面具有光滑表面的上光學增強基板（沒有波狀稜柱形 變、波峰高度變異或扁平的不規則）被實施。較上的筆 直稜柱基板被堆疊於本發明原型之上方。每一個根據本 發明較下方的基板原型係如電腦模擬的安排一樣，與上 筆直稜柱基板交錯地堆疊。此些堆疊的基板係由如圖 10所示之背光照亮。干擾波紋（亮暗交錯的紋路）可由 上筆直稜柱基板的光射出表面上方被觀察到。 表1顯示下基板原型的9個實施例的表現。干擾波 紋的程度係參考分成等級5的干擾波紋(以0到5為尺 度），於具有兩個交互堆疊的筆直棱柱的增強膜片的參 考範例中。其增益係為其一實施例相對於此實施例之光 導板的亮度比例。 實施例4和8將等級自5減少至1和1.5。其他的 20 201124757 實施例中㈣除了干擾波紋。相較於實施例8中沒有不 規則狀的25_形變，實施例4顯示 著料平不規難可料擾波紋產生顯著^繞 =及更佳的表現。此顯示著不規職對於消除波紋的擴 散光線是很有用的、然而，實施例！至4顯示扁平不規 則狀的(1域越大，增益越低。為了維持增益，扁平不規 則狀應被特意地安排且針對不同應用中的不同需求，不 規則狀的範圍應被控制。-般而纟，扁平不規則狀對於 干擾波紋的影響端視扁平不規則狀的總區域、數量、形 狀、尺寸和扁平不規則狀的位置。201124757 VI. Description of the Invention: [Technical Field] The present invention relates to an optical substrate having a structured surface, in particular to an optical substrate for enhancing brightness; more particularly to a second type for a planar light source A flat panel display that increases the brightness of the substrate. [Prior Art] Flat panel display technology is commonly used in displays for television displays, computer displays, and handheld electronic devices such as mobile phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs, etc.). A liquid crystal display (LCD) is a flat panel display that uses a liquid crystal module having a pixel array to produce a book. Figure 1 continues to show an LCD display as an example (this display may be modified to include an optical substrate in accordance with the present invention). The backlit liquid crystal display 1 includes a liquid crystal display module 12, a planar light source formed by the backlight module 14, and a plurality of optical films interposed between the liquid crystal module 12 and the backlight module 14. The liquid crystal module 12 includes liquid crystal sandwiched between two transparent substrates, and a control circuit ' is used to define a two-dimensional pixel array. The backlight module 14 provides a planar light distribution, a backlight for the light source extending over a plane or an edge backlight as shown in Figure 1, which provides a linear light source 16 on the edge of the light guide 18. The reflective sheet 20 is used to direct light from the linear light source 16 through the edge of the light guide plate 18 into the light guide plate 18. The light guide plate is structured (e.g., a miscellaneous plate and a light reflecting and/or scattering surface defined at the bottom and facing away from the liquid crystal module 12) to distribute and direct the light through a plane facing the top end of the liquid crystal module 12. The optical film may include an upper diffusion sheet 22 and a lower diffusion sheet 24 that diffuse light from the plane 4 201124757 of the light guide plate 18. The optical film further comprises upper and lower structured surfaces 'optical substrates 26 and 28 in accordance with the present invention that redistribute the passing light such that light exiting the optical film can be directed closer to the normal to the surface of the optical film. . In the prior art, optical substrates 26 and 28 are commonly referred to as illumination or enhancement brightness diaphragms, light redirecting films, and directional diffusion sheets. The light rays entering the liquid crystal module 12 by the combination of the above optical films are uniformly distributed in the planar region of the liquid crystal module 12, and have a relatively high normal light intensity. The liquid crystal display 10 can be used as a display screen such as a television, a notebook computer, a screen, a portable electronic device such as a mobile phone, a personal digital assistant, a camera, and the like. The demand for reducing the power consumption, thickness and weight of the liquid crystal screen and maintaining the quality is gradually increasing. Therefore, it is desirable to reduce the power consumption, weight and thickness of the backlight module, and also to reduce the thickness of the optical film. As far as this is concerned, many light reflection techniques have been developed to reduce power consumption while not compromising the brightness of the display. Some developments are directed to the backlight module to provide a good overall light output (for example, the design includes a light source 'reflector 2' and a light guide 18). In addition, ί = pairs of diffusers 22 and 24 and lang/brightness enhancement sheets 26 and 2 in the moonlight liquid crystal display 1 ,, the ancient hire r prismatic structure to follow the view of the second === ^ The phase shows the intensity of the light, and the system uses the lower power to produce the desired r-brightness enhancement. The film has parallel prismatic grooves. Two:::: two: two-out-out triangular prisms on the eight planes. It is possible to change the angle between the luminosity 1 plane when the light exits the diaphragm, and the ray that is incident on the other surface of the diaphragm in the oblique direction 201124757 is redistributed to a normal closer to the exit surface. The brightness enhancement sheet has a smooth light incident surface through which light from the backlight module passes. In the past, many liquid crystal displays used two layers of brightness enhancement sheets (such as the liquid crystal display shown in Figure 1) that rotate about an axis perpendicular to the plane of the diaphragm, such that the grooves of the individual diaphragm layers are nine relative to each other. Ten degrees, this aligns the light to two planes perpendicular to the light output surface. In the past, many people have been working to develop the structural surface of brightness enhancement sheets. 2 is a diagram showing the structure of a brightness enhancement sheet disclosed in various prior art. The light output surface of the brightness enhancement sheet (the topmost surface shown in the figure) has a structure, and the light incident surface (the bottommost surface in the figure) is smooth and smooth (for example, bright). When the brightness enhancement surface is used in a liquid crystal display, its shiny bottom surface is placed over the structural surface of another brightness enhancement sheet, bringing between one of the two brightness enhancement sheets and the other of the bright or structural surfaces Optical perturbation causes visual artifacts such as interfering corrugations in the pupil plane (ie, bright and dark interlaced patterns). Effects that are undesirably generated from interference ripples, physical defects, line currents, stains, and unevenness, and which affect vision, can be masked by using the upper diffusion sheet (e.g., the diffusion sheet 22 above the brightness enhancement sheet 26). To date, in order to reduce the thickness of the overall optical film in a liquid crystal display, many techniques have focused on reducing the number of optical films from three sheets (e.g., optical films 22, 24, 26 and 28 of Fig. 1) to three. In this respect, generally, the lower diffusion sheet 24 and the brightness enhancement sheet 28 are maintained in two separate structures, but the top diffusion sheet and the brightness enhancement sheet are combined into a single hybrid type diaphragm structure. This three-piece display is widely used in handheld electronic devices and notebook computers, especially 6 201124757 to reduce the size of these products. Many people are committed to developing hybrid brightness enhancement sheets. Figure 3 of the U. Referring to Figure 4 of U.S. Patent 5,598,280, a method of forming a small convex structure on the underside of an optical substrate is disclosed to improve illumination uniformity. Others have also attempted to adjust the structure of the prismatic surface of the optical substrate. For example, please refer to Figure 5 of U.S. Patent No. 6,789,574, which provides a fine projection on a prismatic surface for diffusing light in a certain direction at a greater angle. However, the above-mentioned hybrid type reinforcing sheet involves a relatively complicated structure and requires a relatively high manufacturing cost. Even the hybrid brightness enhancement sheet is less efficient at directing light within the desired viewing angle. Even the '' lacks a hybrid brightness enhancement sheet with a top structured surface and individual top diffusion sheets between the underside of the liquid crystal module, which may create interference ripples that exhibit black and white patterns. The surface structure of the brightness enhancement sheet and the pixel array in the liquid crystal module may cause interference ripple or moir0 pattern. There is therefore still a need for a cost effective optical substrate that provides a structured surface that enhances brightness and reduces interference patterns, whether used in brightness enhancement films or in liquid crystal modules. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention is directed to an optical substrate having a structured surface that enhances brightness or illumination and reduces display image interference ripple. The substrate of one embodiment of the present invention is in the form of film, paper, sheet, and the like, which may be elastic or rigid, and the substrate has a structured light exiting surface which includes a transverse meandering or curved longitudinal direction. A column arranged in a prismatic structure. In one embodiment, the prismatic structure on the light exiting surface can be viewed as comprising longitudinally curved longitudinal prisms and/or continuous curved sections joined end to end (eg, sections curved in a particular direction, or approximately A curved section in the shape of a c) to form a curved longitudinal prismatic structure in which the assembly is curved. In one embodiment, the laterally curved columns of longitudinal prism structures are arranged in parallel laterally (side by side) and define parallel peaks and troughs (a facet is defined between each adjacent crest and trough). In one embodiment, the transverse wavy is regularly fixed or varying in wavelength and/or amplitude (or the extent of lateral deformation may be approximately sinusoidal, or other curved shape. Another implementation In an embodiment, the transverse undulations have random wavelengths and amplitudes. In one embodiment, the 'peaks on the plane of the substrate have fixed or similar heights and/or the troughs have a fixed or similar depth. For a particular cross section The highest point between adjacent peaks/valleys may be fixed. In one embodiment, the optical substrate comprises a light incident surface that is not structured, smooth, flat or smooth. In one embodiment, in the overall optical substrate structure, The light exiting surface and the light incident surface are both approximately parallel to each other (ie, an optical substrate that is generally oblique in shape is not formed). In another embodiment, the structured light exiting surface further comprises a variation along the wavy prismatic structure. Wave height. In a further embodiment, the structured light exit surface further comprises a predefined structural irregularity distributed over the surface of the structure, There is a 'detailed' peak height. Pre-set structural irregularities can be in-kind to the expected structural defects, such as non-facets in the prismatic structure of the structure Table 8 201124757 (non_facet) is a flat section. The optical substrate may comprise a base portion which may be a separate layer from the layer having the structured surface, or a column structure which may be integrated or singulated on the surface of the structure. The base portion provides the necessary The thickness of the present invention provides structural integrity to the final brightness enhancement slab. [Embodiment] The present disclosure is the best mode for carrying out the invention. The invention is described herein with reference to various embodiments and drawings. The disclosure of the present invention is not intended to be limited, and it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made in accordance with the scope of the invention. The invention is directed to an optical substrate having structure that enhances illumination or brightness and reduces interference ripples. In one aspect of the invention, an optical earth plate Presented in the form of a film, paper, sheet or the like, which may be elastic or rigid, having a structured light exiting surface comprising serpentine, wavy or curved long prisms arranged in a meandering direction. In the context of the present invention, the optical substrate of the present invention can be applied to a device having a display panel, which can be flat or % curved = hard or soft, and has a display 昼A planar array of light that is illuminated to cover the area of the pixel array. Accordingly, a display panel having a curved-page display = face-up pixel can cover the pixel array in the surface of the green surface. The illumination to the material display plane is effectively provided. The present invention will be further described below by way of various embodiments. Figure 10 illustrates an embodiment of a flat panel display. The backlight liquid crystal display 100 of the embodiment of the present invention 201124757 includes The liquid crystal display module 112 is used as a flat light source of the backlight module 114, and a plurality of optical films are interposed between the liquid crystal module 112 and the backlight module 114. The liquid crystal module 112 includes liquid crystal sandwiched between two transparent substrates, and a control circuit for defining a two-dimensional array of pixels. The backlight module 114 provides a flat light distribution. Whether it is a backlit type light source, the light source extends in a plane or an edge-lit type light source. As shown in FIG. 10, a line light source 116 is provided. At the edge of the light guide plate 118. Reflector 120 is used to direct light from line source 116 through the edge of light guide 118 to enter light guide 118. The light guide plate has a structure (for example, a tapered plate and a light reflecting and/or light scattering surface defined on a bottom surface facing the liquid crystal module 112) for distributing and guiding light through the facing liquid crystal module The top surface of 112. The optical film may include optical upper and lower diffusers 122 and 124 for diffusing light from the surface of the flat surface of the light guide plate 118. It is to be noted that, based on the optical diffusion characteristics of the optical substrate of the present invention as described below, although Fig. 10 shows two diffusion sheets, at least one of the diffusion sheets 122 is unnecessary in one embodiment. The lower diffusion sheet 124 can also be omitted. This reduces the overall thickness of the liquid crystal display 100. It should be noted that the diffusion sheet or layer is different from the optical substrate for enhancing brightness (i.e., the brightness or illumination enhancement sheet described below), wherein the diffusion sheet does not have a prismatic structure. The diffuser scatters and distributes light rather than directing light to enhance illumination. The optical substrate of the present invention has a prismatic structure which is designed to diffuse light and enhance illumination. In particular, the optical film shown in FIG. 6a further comprises an optical substrate relating to one or more structured surfaces of the present invention, which can diffuse light and redistribute the traversing light, so that the light of the film is emitted 201124757 The cloth can be guided to travel along the normal of the diaphragm. In the illustrated embodiment, the two structured optical substrates 126 and 128 (which may have similar structures) with respect to the present invention are arranged together with a longitudinal prismatic structure perpendicular to the two substrates. The structures of the optical substrates 126 and 128 are used to diffuse light and enhance illumination brightness, redirecting light out of the display. The light entering the liquid crystal module u2 after passing through the combined optical film is evenly distributed in the plane of the liquid crystal module 112 in the space, and has a relatively strong normal light intensity. The structured optical substrates 126 and 128 reduce the need for individual diffusers between the liquid crystal module 112 and the upper structural substrate 126. Furthermore, the structural optical substrates 126 and 128 associated with the present invention can reduce interference patterns generated between the substrates and between the liquid crystal module and the upper substrate. Optionally, corresponding to the present invention, only one of the optical substrates 126 and 128 needs to have a structure (e.g., only the lower optical substrate 128) to provide acceptable dry reduction and optical diffusion effects. The optical substrate relating to the present invention can be used for a liquid crystal display such as a 'television, a notebook computer, a screen, a hand-held device such as a mobile phone, a digital camera, a personal digital assistant or the like to make the display brighter. When the backlight module 114 is shown as a light source 116 disposed at the edge of the light guide plate 118, the backlight module can be set for another light source, such as an LED array located at the edge of the light guide plate, or a planar LED array on the light guide plate. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Figure 6a illustrates a structural view of an optical substrate % in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. It can be used in the structural optical substrate 126 and field 128 of the Figure. The optical substrate % has a light "emission surface 52 and a light exit surface 54 having a prismatic structure 201124757. These prismatic structures may be parallel columns of a plurality of longitudinal prisms 58 extending transversely. The longitudinal prisms 58 are laterally The smooth curve f is curved. In the other embodiment (not shown), the section of the curve (that is, the section that is curved in a particular direction, or the curved section that has a shape of c) is two The ends are stalked to each other to form an overall f-curved longitudinal prismatic structure. In the green embodiment, the light incident surface 52 is unstructured, while being smooth and flat and/or smooth is understood to be light incident. The surface 52 can be textured (e.g., faceted or matte finish or particles dispersed on the surface; see U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 12/832,021, filed on Jul. 7, 2011. Reference is made to the disclosure of the present specification. In the illustrated embodiment, in the overall optical substrate structure, the light exiting surface and the structured light incident surface are substantially parallel to each other (that is, not forming a whole body) Conical substrate The structure, such as a light guide plate in a backlight module, or a convex or concave shape. In the embodiment of Figure 6a, the laterally curved columns 56 of the longitudinal prisms 58 are arranged to be laterally parallel (side by side) and define parallel waves. Front 6〇 and trough 62. A wavy facet is defined between each adjacent wave front 60 and trough 62. In the embodiment illustrated in Figure 6a, the lateral undulations are regular. 'Having a fixed wavelength and / or amplitude (that is, the degree of lateral deformation), generally has the shape of a sinusoidal. The lateral wave shape may have other waveforms, which may be irregular and / or random Wavelength and / or amplitude (or lateral deformation) (see the embodiment of Figure 9). The angle of the apex of the wave front can be a right angle, and the wave fronts on the entire substrate plane have the same or similar height and / or the valleys have the same Or a similar depth. Each prism has a fixed segment shape on the χ-ζ plane. In other real 12 201124757 = wave: the waveform of the direction can be irregular, and more variable. 'The following Xyz vertical coordinates will be used to explain: Figure 6a Show 'x-axis is the side that crosses the wave front and trough: the ^ is the horizontal or the transverse direction. #系蜜直直X axis, roughly two: the direction of the long side of the upper 58. The direction of the long side of the rib is available The 轵 _ column 58 is oriented in the approximate direction of the other end, and the y-axis is curved in the y-axis direction. The light-emitting surface 52 is located on the x_y plane. f On a square optical substrate, the X-axis and the y# can be along On the substrate, each other: vertical, side. The 2 axis is perpendicular to the X# and y axes. It shows that the edge of the curved line of the prisms 58 is located at the end of the plane, as shown in Fig. 6a, which also represents A cross-sectional view of the sub-surface of the prism 58. The reference frame of the cross-section of the prism 58 is on the k-plane, and the σ j plane at different points. In addition, the horizontal reference frame is the xy plane, and the vertical reference frame is the Z direction. In the illustrated embodiment, the substrate 50 includes two separate layers, wherein the top structural surface layer anvil has a structured light exiting table Φ 54 and the bottom base ji 66 has a flat light incident surface. 52. The two layers are adhered together to form the substrate 5〇. It will be appreciated that the substrate may be constructed of a single integrated layer of physical material rather than two separate physical layers without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention. The winter substrate 50 can be a single or monolithic structure comprising a prismatic structure with a base integrated into the surface defining the structure. In the illustrated embodiment, the structural surface layer 68 and the base layer 66 are constructed of different materials. The structured surface layer 68 is composed of an optically transparent material, preferably a polymeric resin such as ultraviolet light or visible radiation 13 201124757. In general, the structural surface 54 is coated with a resin composition having a curable bridging type of resin on the main mold or the main tympanic chamber and undergoes a hardening process. The base layer 66 may be made of PET (polyethylene terephthalate) material, but the base layer 66 is formed of the same transparent material as the structural layer 68 to provide the necessary thickness for structural integrity to complete. Manufacturing optical lighting enhancement sheets. The dimensions of the surface of the structure are generally as follows, for example: Thickness of the base layer = height of tens of microns to several centimeters of peaks (measured from the top of the base layer) = tens to hundreds of microns from the top of the base layer to the bottom of the trough Spacing = apex angle of about 0.5 to several hundred micron peaks = about 70 to 11 间距 degrees of adjacent peaks = tens to hundreds of micrometers transverse wavy prisms with wavelengths of tens of microns to several centimeters of lateral deformation D ( That is, twice the amplitude of the undulating ridges) = several to several hundred microns. In another embodiment, the structured light exit surface of the optical substrate further has a peak height that varies on the surface of the structure. The wavy prismatic structure is omnidirectional to the lateral (four) ridges (see Figure 13, see also Figure 7a). The peak height can be changed in a sequential order or in a random and quasi-random manner. ^ The law has a sequence of changes, and as the positive step contains the irregular irregularities of the structure on the surface of the structure, the height of the peak can be changed. The irregularity of this shape may be (4) missing from the expected structure resulting from process j 201124757, such as a non-faceted flat portion of the prismatic structure in the surface of the structure (eg, on a peak or trough) (see Figures 9 and 13; See also Figure 8a). The structural irregularities are distributed across the light exiting the structure, using at least one of sequential, semi-sequential or random and quasi-random. Pre-set irregularities introduced into the light exiting surface Defects in the masked structure cause some user-perceptible deficiencies that are inadvertently included in the structural light exiting surface during the process. The pre-defined structurally irregular defect masking effect can be further referred to in U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 11/825,139, filed on Jul. 2, 2007, the entire disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference. Computer Simulation of Optical Diffusion Effect: A computer simulation model was used as a dynamic analysis of the optical diffusion effect, comprising only two interlaced brightness enhancement optical substrates in accordance with the present invention. In general, for the purpose of the motion analysis, only one of the substrates has a corrugated prismatic structure, a varying prism peak height or a flat irregular shape, which will be fully described below. Only one of the two substrates has a structure, and the effect of the structured surface is easier to determine. The upper substrate has a linear triangular prism structure on one side and a bright or smooth surface on the other side. The lower substrate is structured using only one of a wavy prism, a prism peak height, or a flat irregularity. The underlying structural surface is adjacent to the shiny side of the upper substrate and the other side of the lower substrate is bright or smooth. The light source is input from a smooth light incident surface of the substrate. The simulation model is therefore simplified and used to obtain the optical diffusion profile of the light emitted from the upper substrate. Light reflectors, light guides, and other components are not specifically considered here. 15 201124757 The computer simulation system was used to investigate the light diffusion effect along the χ-ζ plane and the yz plane of the substrate 50, which has different degrees of wavy structure (ie, 'different degrees of lateral deformation D') and the same Wavelength W = 100μπι. The simulation is performed on a combination of an upper optical substrate 7 (see FIG. 12) and a lower optical substrate having a substrate 50 having a vertically aligned and uniform array of prisms 71, wherein the upper substrate 70 and The lower substrate 50 is rotated at 90 degrees about the x-axis such that the X-axis of the upper substrate 70 is aligned with the y-axis of the lower substrate. The upper substrate 7A facing the structural surface of the lower substrate 50 is smooth toward the lower side. The upper substrate 70 has a peak of 50 μηι highest point and a vertex angle of 9 degrees. The lower substrate has similar peak peaks and apex angles. Lambertian light is directed to the light incident surface at the bottom of the lower substrate. The optical diffusion effect of the diaphragm architecture can be more easily achieved by structuring only one of the two optical substrates into a transversely wavy prismatic structure (or varying peaks and flat irregularities in other simulations). Figures 6b to 6f respectively represent some simulation results, corresponding to the lower substrate 50 having wavy prisms of wavelength W = l 〇 (^m and deformation D = 〇, 2 〇, 3 〇, 4 〇 _. Figures 6b to 6f left side Representing the optical diffusion effect produced along the χ_ζ plane of the substrate, the substrate 50 has a prismatic structure having the features of the present invention as shown in Figure 6a. The right side of Figures 6b to 6f represents the optical diffusion effect produced along the plane of the substrate, the substrate 5G The prism structure with the features of the present invention is as shown in Fig. 6a. Based on the simulation results, the general trend of the optical diffusion effect can be clearly seen, wherein the diffusion from 70 is still distributed, and the uniform shape with high shape is 2', ', member, change. This special simulation results show that as the reverse deformation becomes more diffuse toward the exiting surface, the speed increases in the X direction and the y direction at the speed of 201124757. Compared with the direction of the long side (y_z plane) The emitted light is diffused more in the transverse or transverse direction (x-z plane). With the deformation shown in Figure 6b), the emitted light can be more concentrated and significantly less diffuse. In order to achieve the purpose of the dynamics analysis simulating the effect of varying the peak height, Fig. 7a shows a schematic view of the optical substrate 72 which has only varying peak heights along each elongated prismatic structure. The peak height of the prismatic structure changes with the variable V. / ^ Computer simulation is used to investigate the diffusion effect along the x_y plane and the y_z plane on the optical substrate 72 with varying degrees of peak height variation V. As described in the previous embodiment, the simulated process consists of an upper optical substrate 70 (see FIG. 12) with straight, uniform and regular edges 71 of lateral columns, and a lower optical with optical substrate structure. The substrate, wherein the upper optical substrate 7 and the lower optical substrate 72 are rotated about the z-axis, such that the x-axis of the upper substrate 70 can be aligned with the y-axis of the lower substrate 72. The remaining simulated conditions are similar to the simulated conditions of Figures 6b through 6f previously. The lower side of the upper substrate 7A facing the structural surface of the lower substrate 72 is smooth. The upper substrate 70 has a peak apex of 50 μm and a vertex angle of 90 degrees. The lower substrate 72 has similar peak apex and apex angles. The Lambertian light system is directed to the light incident surface at the bottom of the lower substrate. Figures 7b to 7f represent simulation results of the lower substrate 72 with v = 〇, 1 〇, 2 〇, 30, 40 μηη, respectively, having peak height variables. The left side of the figure to the redundant side represents the optical diffusion effect along the χ-ζ plane of the lower substrate 72, and the substrate has a prismatic structure of the features of the present invention as shown in Fig. 7a. The right side of Figures 7b to 7f represents the optical diffusion effect along the y_z plane of the lower substrate 72. It can be seen from the simulation results that the optical diffusion effect does not change greatly with the peak height of 17 201124757 and 1 v v: =:: rr uniform plus: There is a significant change = surface 'diffusion along the χ and y axis The light does not change the amount of V; "the scale is still "the towel is less _ material height change _ 4 to achieve a flat irregular shape of the dynamic analysis," ''shows the optical substrate 76, this substrate 76 only has a predefined The regular shape 78 is distributed over the prismatic structure + of the substrate. To simplify the simulation mode, the structure is reset to a straight regular and elongated prism 84 with a flat groove 82 between adjacent prisms 84. The ratio R to a (as shown in Figure 8b) is used to control the percentage of the total area of the irregular irregularities. Figures 8c to 8g show the ratios r = 〇, 2 5, 5, 10 and 20%. Trends in optical diffusion effects of various structures. Computer simulations were used to investigate the optical diffusion effects along the χ_ζ plane and the yz plane on optical substrates 80 having varying degrees of R. The simulations were performed as follows in the previous examples. Combination: a horizontal array of prisms 71 with straight uniformity and regularity The optical substrate 7 (FIG. 12) and the lower substrate having the structure of the optical substrate 80, wherein the upper substrate 70 and the lower substrate 80 are rotated by 90 degrees around the z-axis, such that the X-axis of the upper substrate 7 is aligned with the lower substrate 80. The remaining y-axis is similar to the previous simulation of Figure 6b at 6f. The underside of the upper substrate 70 facing the structural surface of the lower substrate is smooth. The upper substrate 70 has a peak height of 50 μm and a vertex angle of 90 degrees. The lower substrate 80 has similar peak heights and apex angles. The Lambertian light system is guided by 51 to the light incident surface at the bottom of the lower substrate. 201124757 Low light = respectively represents a lower dryness with a ratio of R=0, 2.5, 5, 10 The 槿μ ®士® low substrate 80 of the substrate 80 is along the y_z plane. The left side of Figures 8C to 8g represents the lower right side of the two structures, as shown in Fig. %. The figure is as shown in Fig. 8 The results of the optical diffusion effect of the plate 80 along the yz plane are that the optical diffusion effect does not change with increasing gradually, and the upper substrate is diffused: there is almost no change in uniformity. 1 gradually increasing R, from the surface of the injection surface (4) There is no significant change in the y direction of the X-port of the line. Although the ratio r changes the degree of light and the degree of diffuse diffusion depends on (4) at the same level. Based on the wavy prism structure described above, the peak height changes, and the flat The f-rule is analyzed in different ways. The following optical diffusion effects can be observed, each of which is separately tested. When the transverse deformation D of the wavy prism structure is gradually increased, the upper substrate is The overall diffused light of the light exiting surface rapidly increases. As the peak height variation V gradually increases, the overall diffused light from the exit surface of the upper substrate slightly increases. Accordingly, the lateral deformation D of the wavy prism produces more significant effects on the diffused light. The flat irregularity ratio R has the least effect compared to the lateral deformation and the peak height variation. According to previous diffusion analysis, it is expected that the effect of combining different methods can reduce interference ripple without sacrificing diffusion. The previously described simulation does not consider random or regular arrangement of varying degrees of lateral deformation D, peak height variable V, and flat rule ratio R. All simulated structures are parallel to the prism. In the case of the 201124757 period, if the lateral deformation D, the peak height variable v, and the flat rule ratio R are used at appropriate positions and heights, the diffusion effect can be enhanced. Experimental results: The original molding of the optical substrate according to the present invention was made to include a lateral prism, a variable, a peak height variable, and an irregular combination, which were counted and distributed at various positions and heights. Figure 9a is a SEM photograph showing wavy prisms and flat irregularities of different sizes. The figure is an enlarged view of the figure. Figure 13 is a perspective view of an optical substrate 77 having lateral corrugated prisms (as in Figure 6a), prism peak height variations (section 79, as shown in Figure 7a), and flat irregularities 78 (Figure 8a) Shown). When an interference ripple is observed, an upper optical reinforcing substrate having a smooth surface on one side and an irregular surface having no smooth wave prism deformation, peak height variation or flatness is implemented. The upper straight prism substrate is stacked above the prototype of the present invention. Each of the lower substrate prototypes according to the present invention, like the computer simulation arrangement, is stacked alternately with the upper straight prism substrate. The stacked substrates are illuminated by a backlight as shown in FIG. Interference corrugations (light and dark staggered lines) can be observed above the light exit surface of the upper straight prism substrate. Table 1 shows the performance of nine embodiments of the lower substrate prototype. The degree of interference with the waviness is referenced to a level 5 interference ripple (scaled from 0 to 5) in a reference example of an enhanced diaphragm with two alternating stacked straight prisms. The gain is the ratio of the brightness of an embodiment thereof to the light guide of this embodiment. Examples 4 and 8 reduced the rating from 5 to 1 and 1.5. Other 20 201124757 In the embodiment (four) in addition to interference ripples. Compared to the 25_deformation in the eighth embodiment, which is not irregular, the embodiment 4 shows that the unevenness of the material is unpredictable and the ripple is significantly improved and the performance is better. This shows that irregularities are useful for eliminating rippled diffused light, however, embodiments! To 4 shows flat irregularity (the larger the 1 field, the lower the gain. In order to maintain the gain, the flat irregularity should be intentionally arranged and the range of irregularities should be controlled for different needs in different applications.- As a general rule, the effect of flat irregularities on the interference ripples depends on the total area, number, shape, size and flat irregularity of the flat irregularities.
Table 1Table 1
變、波峰高度變異以及不規則狀的比例的組合並非必 要。舉例而言，光學基板可能僅包含橫向形變，而沒有 波♦高度變異以及不規職。如實施例9所示，28_ 的也、向$ .灰與微小的波峰面度變異亦可消除干擾波 紋。此外，即使波峰高度變異被減低為零，若有些扁平 不規則狀仍存在，則仍會有消除干擾波紋的效果。 21 201124757 本發明物體具結構狀的表面可依照製程技術的數 目而產生，其包括為了製造上述不規則稜柱狀輪廓而運 用以硬體工具做成之模具的細微加工方法。硬體工具可 為非常小的鑽石工具，安裝在電腦數值控制機器上（例 如，車削、銑削以及裁切/塑形機器）。較佳地，這些機 器可加上一些震動或擾動產生器以協助工具小量偏移 的移動以及協助製作不同程度不規則的棱柱。習知的慢 刀伺服加工（Slow Tool Servo, STS)，快刀伺服加工(FastCombinations of variations, peak height variations, and irregularities are not necessary. For example, an optical substrate may only contain lateral deformation without a high degree of variation and irregularity. As shown in the ninth embodiment, the variability of the grayness and the slight peak of the 28_ can also eliminate the interference undulation. In addition, even if the peak height variation is reduced to zero, if some flat irregularities still exist, there is still an effect of eliminating interference ripples. 21 201124757 The structured surface of the object of the present invention can be produced in accordance with the number of process techniques, including a micromachining process for a mold made of a hard tool for the manufacture of the above-described irregular prismatic profile. The hardware tool can be a very small diamond tool mounted on a computer numerically controlled machine (for example, turning, milling, and cutting/shaping machines). Preferably, these machines may incorporate vibration or disturbance generators to assist in the movement of the tool for small offsets and to assist in the production of irregular prisms of varying degrees. Conventional slow knife servo processing (Slow Tool Servo, STS), fast knife servo machining (Fast
Tool Servo, FTS)，以及超音波震動機器皆為可用來實施 的例子。例如，美國專利號U.S.6,581，286揭露FTS的 應用之一，利用螺紋切削的方式用來製作光學膜片上的 溝槽。工具被安裝在機器上，以於稜柱中沿y方向之 x-z平面造出常數波峰頂角。利用以上機器以於模具中 形成表面’以增加更多自由度’可獲得上述光學基板的 結構表面。 母模可被用於將光學元件直接成模或用於電性形 成另-複製的母模，此複製品係用於將光學元件成模。 模子可為帶狀、鼓狀、盤狀或凹槽。藉由熱雕及/或於 結構中加上紫外線賴或熱膨脹材料，模子可被用來於 基板上形紐鏡結構。模子亦可以㈣成型的 ^形成光學元件。基㈣㈣材财財機、I機或兩 者混合的光學透明材料，以及可包含 :Tool Servo, FTS), and ultrasonic vibration machines are examples that can be used for implementation. One of the applications of FTS is disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 6,581,286, which is incorporated herein by reference. The tool is mounted on the machine to create a constant peak angle in the x-z plane in the y-direction of the prism. The above surface of the optical substrate can be obtained by using the above machine to form a surface in the mold to increase more degrees of freedom. The master can be used to mold the optical component directly or to electrically form a further replica of the master, which is used to mold the optical component. The mold can be in the form of a belt, a drum, a disk or a groove. The mold can be used to form a button mirror structure on the substrate by hot engraving and/or by adding a UV or thermal expansion material to the structure. The mold can also be formed by (4) forming an optical component. (4) (4) material financial machine, I machine or a mixture of optically transparent materials, and may include:
或者反射調整粒子的係數。 ㈣雙㈣T 形成具有結構表面的基板的製程之進一 參考美國專利號U.S. 7风164 ’其 說明書之揭露内容。 ㈣錢料 22 201124757 根據本發明，光學基板(也就是50、72、80、77) 包含稜狀柱，具結構的光射出表面，其具有橫向彎曲的 長型稜柱、預先定義、刻意產生的不規則狀，以及/或 棱柱波鋒變異的組合，其組合可增強亮度，減少波紋干 擾以及遮罩使用者可收知的缺點。具本發明特徵的光學 基板的LCD可被使用於電子裝置。如圖11所示，電子 裝置11〇 (其可為PDA、手機、電視、顯示螢幕、可攜 式電腦、冰箱等）包含根據本發明之一實施例之LCD 100 ° LCD 1〇〇包含上述本發明特徵之光學基板。電子 裝置110可進一步包含於一合適的外殼中，如按鍵和按 鈕專使用者輸入介面（以方塊116示意地表示），影像資 料控制電子電路，例如傳至LCD 100之管理影像資料 流控制器（以方塊112示意地表示），針對電子裝置u〇 設計之電子電路，其可包括處理器、類比至數位轉換 器、記憶體裝置、資料儲存裝置等等（以方塊118示意 整體地表示），以及電源如電源供應器、電池或供連接 外接電源的插座口（以方塊114示意地表示），其等元件 皆為熟習之技藝。 A習此技藝之人士應可知各種調整和改變可被應 用於本發明所揭露之結構以及流程，而不會脫離本發明 的範疇和精神。藉由先前所述之内容，可知本發明可涵 蓋有關本發明之調整和變化，若其落於以下所述之專利 申凊範圍以及其均等之内。 【圖式簡單說明】 為了充分了解本發明之本質與優點，以及較佳實施 23 201124757 方式，應配合參考圖式以了解以下詳細的說明。於下述 之圖式，相似的參考標號係供相似或相近的元件使用。 圖1繪示先前技術之LCD的架構之示意圖； 圖2A-2C繪示先前技術之光學基板，其具有不同的 表面結構； 圖3至圖5B繪示先前技術之混合型亮度增強的光 學基板； 圖6a係為本發明中具有結構化表面之光學基板的 立體示意圖； 圖6b-6f代表沿著兩基板之兩正交垂直平面的光學 擴散效應模擬，於不同程度的橫向波幅。 圖7a係為本發明中具有不同波峰高度之結構化表 面的立體示意圖； 圖7b-7f代表沿著兩基板之兩正交垂直平面的光學 擴散效應模擬，兩基板具有不同高度。 圖8a代表本發明具有預定之不規則狀分布的結構 化表面的立體示意圖； 圖8b係為本發明另一實施例中具有預定之不規則 狀分布的結構化表面的立體示意圖； 圖8c-8g代表沿著兩基板之兩正交垂直平面的光學 擴散效應模擬，兩基板具有預定之不規則分布其上。 圖9A-9b繪示本發明之光學基板原型之SEM圖 片，此基板具有波狀的棱柱以及預定之不規則分布； 圖10繪示具有本發明一實施例之光學基板之LCD 結構； 圖11包含LCD面板之電子裝置，其包括本發明一 24 201124757 實施例之光學基板； 圖12係為具有統一規則的稜柱橫向陣列的光學基 板的立體示意圖；以及 圖13係為本發明一實施例之光學基板，其具有結 構性特徵組合之結構表面的光學基板。 【主要元件符號說明】 50 光學基板 52 光入射表面 54 光射出表面 56 平行列 58 縱向棱柱 60 波峰 62 波谷 66 基層 68 結構表面層 70 上方光學基板 71 棱柱 72 下光學基板 76 光學基板 77 光學基板 78 不規則狀 79 區段 80 光學基板 82 溝槽 84 稜柱 100液晶顯不裔 110電子裝置 112液晶顯示模組 114背光模組 116線光源 118光導板 120反射片 122上擴散片 124下擴散片 126光學基板 128光學基板 V 波峰高度變量 W 橫向波狀棱柱的波 長 D 橫向形變 25Or reflect the coefficient of the adjusted particle. (d) Double (4) T The process of forming a substrate having a structured surface is further referred to in the disclosure of U.S. Patent No. 164, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. (4) Money material 22 201124757 According to the invention, the optical substrate (i.e., 50, 72, 80, 77) comprises prismatic columns, a structured light exiting surface having transversely curved long prisms, pre-defined, deliberately produced The combination of regularity, and/or prism tip variation, enhances brightness, reduces ripple interference, and masks the user's deficiencies. An LCD having an optical substrate of the features of the present invention can be used in an electronic device. As shown in FIG. 11, the electronic device 11 (which may be a PDA, a mobile phone, a television, a display screen, a portable computer, a refrigerator, etc.) includes an LCD 100 ° LCD 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention, including the above An optical substrate of the invention. The electronic device 110 can be further included in a suitable housing, such as a button and button user input interface (shown schematically as block 116), and image data control electronics, such as a management image stream controller that is passed to the LCD 100 ( Illustrated in block 112, an electronic circuit designed for an electronic device, which may include a processor, an analog to digital converter, a memory device, a data storage device, etc. (shown collectively as indicated by block 118), and A power source such as a power supply, a battery, or a socket for connecting an external power source (shown schematically as block 114), and the like are well-known techniques. A person skilled in the art will recognize that various modifications and changes can be made to the structures and processes disclosed in the present invention without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention. It is to be understood that the invention is intended to cover the modifications and variations of the present invention as described in the appended claims. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS In order to fully understand the nature and advantages of the present invention, and the preferred embodiment 23 201124757, the following detailed description should be made with reference to the drawings. In the following figures, like reference numerals are used for similar or similar elements. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the architecture of a prior art LCD; FIGS. 2A-2C illustrate prior art optical substrates having different surface structures; and FIGS. 3 to 5B illustrate a prior art hybrid brightness-enhanced optical substrate; Figure 6a is a perspective view of an optical substrate having a structured surface in the present invention; Figures 6b-6f represent optical diffusion effect simulations along two orthogonal vertical planes of the two substrates, with varying degrees of lateral amplitude. Figure 7a is a perspective view of a structured surface having different peak heights in the present invention; Figures 7b-7f represent optical diffusion effect simulations along two orthogonal vertical planes of two substrates having different heights. Figure 8a is a schematic perspective view of a structured surface having a predetermined irregular distribution of the present invention; Figure 8b is a perspective view of a structured surface having a predetermined irregular distribution in another embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8c-8g Representing the optical diffusion effect simulation along two orthogonal vertical planes of the two substrates, the two substrates have a predetermined irregular distribution thereon. 9A-9b are SEM images of an optical substrate prototype of the present invention having corrugated prisms and a predetermined irregular distribution; FIG. 10 is a view showing an LCD structure having an optical substrate according to an embodiment of the present invention; An electronic device for an LCD panel, comprising the optical substrate of the embodiment of the present invention, a 24 201124757 embodiment; FIG. 12 is a perspective view of an optical substrate having a uniform prism array of prisms; and FIG. 13 is an optical substrate according to an embodiment of the present invention. An optical substrate having a structural surface with a combination of structural features. [Major component symbol description] 50 Optical substrate 52 Light incident surface 54 Light exit surface 56 Parallel column 58 Longitudinal prism 60 Wave crest 62 Valley 66 Base layer 68 Structural surface layer 70 Upper optical substrate 71 Prismatic 72 Lower optical substrate 76 Optical substrate 77 Optical substrate 78 Irregular shape 79 Section 80 Optical substrate 82 Groove 84 Prism 100 LCD display 110 Electronic device 112 Liquid crystal display module 114 Backlight module 116 Line light source 118 Light guide plate 120 Reflecting sheet 122 Upper diffuser 124 Lower diffuser 126 Optical Substrate 128 optical substrate V peak height variable W transverse wave prism wavelength D transverse deformation 25