TW201120105A - Foaming method for polycondensed polymer. - Google Patents
Foaming method for polycondensed polymer. Download PDFInfo
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201120105 六、發明說明: 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明_於-種雜合高分子改質方法,_是指—種高分子 的麵方法;本案以PET為代表,並利用此改質方法,將擴鏈^勻 分散在PET的分子結構中,以增加聽融張力,並且克服分子轉現 象’使後續應用更為廣泛之改良方法。 【先前技術】 PET是經過縮合反應後的塑膝產品,因此,ρΕτ經回收加工使用 後,其分子鏈在雜質作用下’出現分子降解現象;欲克服其問題,目 則已知習用改善分子降解之技術包括真空加卫、添加穩定劑、固態聚 合、添加奈储料、添加擴鏈鮮五種。前^種方絲可去除因加工 而產生之小分子、自由基等,但皆無法使ρΕΤ分子量提高;第三及第 四種方法雖可增加PET分子量,但受限於反應速率慢及材料選擇性 低、價格昂貴等條件而無被廣泛使用;最後一種方法為工業上及文獻 上最常被使用之技術,雖然可以有效增加PET分子量,但產品品質良 筹不齊’不利後續發泡加工應用。此外,以目前市場上之習用技術成 品作發泡加工試驗’其成果並不理想。 (先前技術之實施方式一) 不使用含有擴鏈劑的PET試片,而直接使用吹瓶廠的試片’並依據本 申請案之具體實施例2的方式進行發泡試驗。 未加擴鏈劑的試片進行發泡後的泡材密度隨第二溫度變化的情形,整 201120105 理於表1中,其SEM照片整理於表2中。明顯地,密度隨第二溫度上升而 下降,其最小密度也大約在25(rc左右。其第二溫度與密度變化的趨勢相似 於表1所觀察的結果,但是未加擴鏈劑的ΡΕΤ其密度明顯大於添加擴鍵劑 的PET。顯示擴鏈劑對於發泡材料的製造具有顯著的作用。如果仔細觀察 其泡孔結構,可以觀察出在高溫下,泡孔破裂崩塌的現象。明顯地,航 並沒有足夠_融張力讀泡孔結構,轉持更低密度的舰結構。所以 不添加擴鏈劑的PET並不易進行發泡。 表1201120105 VI. Description of the Invention: [Technical Field of the Invention] The present invention is a method for modifying a hybrid polymer, and _ refers to a surface method of a polymer; this case is represented by PET, and the modification method is utilized. The method of dispersing the chain in the molecular structure of PET to increase the tension of the hearing and to overcome the phenomenon of molecular rotation makes the subsequent application more widely improved. [Prior Art] PET is a plastic knee product after condensation reaction. Therefore, after ρΕτ is recycled and processed, its molecular chain undergoes molecular degradation under the action of impurities. To overcome its problem, it is known to improve molecular degradation. The technology includes vacuum reinforcement, addition of stabilizers, solid state polymerization, addition of naphthalene storage, and addition of five types of chain extension. The former square wire can remove small molecules and radicals generated by processing, but can not increase the molecular weight of ρΕΤ; the third and fourth methods can increase the molecular weight of PET, but are limited by the slow reaction rate and material selection. Low-quality, high-cost and other conditions are not widely used; the last method is the most commonly used technology in industry and literature, although it can effectively increase the molecular weight of PET, but the product quality is not well-advanced. . In addition, the results of the foaming process test using conventional technology products on the market are not satisfactory. (Embodiment 1 of the prior art) A foam test was carried out in the same manner as in Specific Example 2 of the present application, without using a PET test piece containing a chain extender, directly using a test piece of a blow molding factory. The density of the foamed material after the foaming of the test piece without the chain extender was changed according to the second temperature, and the SEM photograph of the test piece in Table 1 was summarized in Table 2. Obviously, the density decreases with the rise of the second temperature, and its minimum density is also about 25 (rc). The trend of the second temperature and density change is similar to that observed in Table 1, but the chain extender is not added. The density is significantly larger than that of the PET added with the keying agent. It shows that the chain extender has a significant effect on the manufacture of the foamed material. If the cell structure is carefully observed, the phenomenon of cell collapse and collapse at high temperature can be observed. Obviously, The flight does not have enough _ melt tension reading cell structure to transfer the lower density ship structure. Therefore, PET without adding chain extender is not easy to foam. Table 1
4 2011201054 201120105
直接使用吹瓶廠的試片與4.0wt%的PMDA擴鏈劑於混煉機中,進行 混煉,後以模壓機制成試片。 1. 使用Brabender混煉機:溫度255 C ;轉速每分鐘35轉;谈丰: 逆步添加Φ\νΐ5 的PMDA,添加完畢後再持續混煉1〇分鐘。 2. 取出膠料並利用熱壓機製成1mm厚的試片。 試片呈現黃白不均勻的現象’分別切取白色部分與黃色部1 八進/本 申請案具體實施例2所述的方式發泡。黃色部份發泡性皙明 只d顯不佳,幾乎 不具發泡能力。白色部份發泡後的泡材密度隨第二溫度變化的情形,效理 於表3中’其SEM照片整理於表4。產生不均勾的現象係因為啦在溶融 狀態下混對於逐漸添加_鏈舰馬上進行反應,耻無法有效將 擴鏈劑分散於整_膠#巾,所以產生混煉不均的現象。 刀取白色部份進行發泡試驗’可以發現其密度隨第二溫度上升而下 降,經過最小密度後再略微增大,其最小密度大約在罵。C左右。其第二 201120105 溫度與岔度變化的趨勢與大部份的發泡塑膠之表現相似。但是因為混煉的 情形不佳,而且其白色的較佳區塊之最小密度也只是大約與實施例2相當, 其黃白整體區塊的發泡情況也不佳。如果觀察其白色部位的泡孔結構,則 可以發現泡孔結構完整,顯示與實施例2相當。因此,推測白色部位的擴 鏈情況應與實施例2相當,當以相當用量的擴鏈劑時,擴鍵劑因為混煉不 佳,所以只有部分的效果顯現出來。因此效率不佳。因此直接使用混煉機 將PET與擴鍵劑混煉’將會產生混煉不均以及擴鍵劑需要量高的問題。 表3 第一溫度(°c) 第二溫度(°C) —---- -—— 含浸壓力(bar) 密度(g/cm3> 270 230 120 0.2082 270 "240 120 ___________-_ 270 250 120 0.1572 270 260 120 ^^ ---------------~~'~~ 0.1980 表4The test piece of the blow molding factory and the 4.0 wt% of the PMDA chain extender were directly used in the kneading machine, and kneaded, and then a test piece was prepared by a molding machine. 1. Use Brabender mixer: temperature 255 C; speed 35 rpm; Tanfeng: Add PMMA of Φ\νΐ5 in reverse step, and continue mixing for 1 〇 minutes. 2. Remove the compound and make a 1 mm thick test piece using a hot press. The test piece exhibited a yellow-white unevenness phenomenon, and the white portion and the yellow portion were separately cut into a single portion and foamed in the manner described in the second embodiment of the present application. The yellow part of the foaming 皙 is only poorly d, and has almost no foaming ability. The density of the white partially foamed material changes with the second temperature, and the effect is shown in Table 3, and its SEM photograph is summarized in Table 4. The phenomenon of unevenness is caused by the fact that in the molten state, the mixture is immediately reacted to the gradual addition of the chain, and the distraction agent can not effectively disperse the chain extender in the entire _gel#, resulting in uneven mixing. The white portion of the knife was subjected to a foaming test. It was found that the density decreased as the second temperature rose, and then slightly increased after the minimum density, and the minimum density was about 骂. C or so. The second 201120105 trend of temperature and temperature changes is similar to that of most foamed plastics. However, because the mixing condition is not good, and the minimum density of the white preferred block is only about the same as that of the embodiment 2, the foaming of the yellow-white integral block is not good. If the cell structure of the white portion was observed, it was found that the cell structure was intact, and it was shown to be equivalent to that of Example 2. Therefore, it is presumed that the chain extension of the white portion should be equivalent to that of Example 2. When the chain extender is used in a considerable amount, the keying agent is not well mixed, so only part of the effect is revealed. Therefore, the efficiency is not good. Therefore, the use of a kneader directly to knead PET and a compounding agent will cause a problem of uneven mixing and a high amount of a keying agent. Table 3 First temperature (°c) Second temperature (°C) —-----—— Impregnation pressure (bar) Density (g/cm3> 270 230 120 0.2082 270 "240 120 ___________-_ 270 250 120 0.1572 270 260 120 ^^ ---------------~~'~~ 0.1980 Table 4
201120105 260〇C η. —_ ' ~ _ , . ,· CV ' …Ύ 氮 ' 1 ν V-·* J :,,厂'.二'.—厂― 1 T 、r- \f ^ 〜〉s>r ;,,- 、 二一 ...-V 产..二' 少%ί rC- 乂'發减 一· • 、:r_ ............. 瑪 本案發明人餅上述制方式無法有效確保品紐良之技術,乃 加以思考改良,成功研發完成本案PET改質方法及其裝置。 【發明内容】 PETCpolyethyleneTerephthalate) ’ 全球每年使用 17〇㈣〇〇 萬嘲, 據估計在厕年,全球吹瓶用PET的產量㈣1925萬嘲,然而全球 的回收量卻僅有500萬嘲。因此,PET的回收仍具有相當大的成長空 間。由於PET的縣張力不足,PET細㈣财,其分子鍵在雜質 的作用下,導致其好量急速下降,若將此时之ρΕτ進行發泡加 工,則成品因沒有足_雜張力支撐泡孔結構,轉持更低密度的 泡孔結構,導致泡孔破裂崩塌的現象。軸目前工紅有為解決此一 問題而開發之擴鏈猶,但姐林。本發_顧前舰況,提供 一種塑膠擴叙猶,射_敎之pET,改善其品f、提升本質 黏度值(W值,intrinsic viscosity),使pET有足夠的炫融張力形成穩 疋的泡體結構。 -般適合於舰的轉秘其·的贿必驗當,方能有效獲 得發泡結構體。附因為是結晶性高分子,所以麵體張力不足。市 面抽4用的PET纖維’其iV(intrinsievi_ity)值大約為^〜心;吹瓶 201120105 用的PET則約為㈣.9。IV高於〇.9以上的pET,—般需使用特別的 合成技術’其中固相聚合技術必須在高度真空下經過長時_反應才 能製作而成,因此價格高昂。但是唯有較高的IV^有足夠體張 力形成穩定的泡體結構。 圖1示意說明低分子量PET與長鏈接枝後的PET對於發泡應用的 適用性。PET是結晶性塑膠,因此在未達到熔點前幾乎不流動,一旦 溫度高於熔融溫度,則黏度又急遽下降,所以低的熔體強度將不容易 支標泡體結構也不易將氣體留存於溶體之中。因此必須透過共混、接 枝、父聯來改變其炫融強度。經過擴鏈與接枝處理後的ΡΕτ,因為分 子量增大,溶體黏度也增大。所以適合於操作的溫度範圍變大,因此 易於發泡,再加上PET的結晶速度慢,所以泡胞有足夠的時間可以成 長以及定型。本發明即是在揭示一種可在低温下進行均勻擴鏈的技術。 xllspo·2^201120105 260〇C η. —_ ' ~ _ , . ,· CV ' ...Ύ Nitrogen ' 1 ν V-·* J :,,厂 '.二'.—Factory - 1 T , r- \f ^ 〜〉 s>r ;,,-, two one...-V production..two' less %ί rC- 乂'reduction one· • ,:r_ ............. The above-mentioned method of the inventor's cake can not effectively ensure the technology of the product, but it is considered and improved, and successfully developed the PET modification method and device thereof. 【Contents】 PETCpolyethyleneTerephthalate) ‘The annual use of 17〇(四)〇〇 嘲 全球 , , , , , , , , , , , 每年 每年 每年 每年 每年 每年 每年 每年 每年 每年 每年 每年 每年 每年 每年 每年 每年 每年 每年 每年 每年 每年 每年 每年 每年 每年 每年 每年 每年 每年 每年 每年 在Therefore, PET recycling still has considerable room for growth. Because PET's county tension is insufficient, PET is fine (four), its molecular bond is under the action of impurities, causing its quantity to drop rapidly. If the ρΕτ at this time is foamed, the finished product will have no support due to the lack of sufficient tension. The structure, which switches to a lower density cell structure, causes the cell to collapse and collapse. At present, the shaft has a chain extension developed to solve this problem, but sister Lin. This is a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Bubble structure. - The bribes that are generally suitable for the transfer of the ship's secrets will be effective in obtaining the foamed structure. Since the crystal is a crystalline polymer, the surface tension is insufficient. The PET fiber used in the market is 4, the iV (intrinsievi_ity) value is about ^~ heart; the PET used for blowing the bottle 201120105 is about (4).9. IV is higher than pET of 〇.9 or higher, and it is generally necessary to use a special synthesis technique. The solid phase polymerization technique must be produced under a high vacuum for a long period of time, so that the price is high. However, only the higher IV^ has sufficient body tension to form a stable bubble structure. Figure 1 is a schematic illustration of the applicability of low molecular weight PET and long chain linked PET for foaming applications. PET is a crystalline plastic, so it hardly flows before it reaches the melting point. Once the temperature is higher than the melting temperature, the viscosity drops sharply. Therefore, the low melt strength will not easily support the bubble structure and will not easily retain the gas in the solution. In the body. Therefore, it is necessary to change the intensity of blending through blending, grafting, and parenting. After the chain extension and the grafting treatment, the viscosity of the solution also increases because the molecular weight increases. Therefore, the temperature range suitable for operation becomes large, so that foaming is easy, and the crystallization speed of PET is slow, so that the cells have sufficient time to grow and shape. The present invention is to disclose a technique for performing uniform chain extension at a low temperature. Xllspo·2^
upper limit for extrusion 77X77/7^: repon jgwa~ limit for bubbliDj ;window [ -U—i_J__Upper limit for extrusion 77X77/7^: repon jgwa~ limit for bubbliDj ;window [ -U-i_J__
Temperature 圖i 適合於塑膠發泡的操作範圍 PET的擴鏈主要係利用PET分子鏈終端的碳酸與氫氧基進行反應, 使其可以有效繼續將分子鏈延長。所添加的擴鏈劑,一般必須具有兩 個以上可以與碳酸或氫氧基進行反應的官能基,如σ惡唾琳(oxazoline), 201120105 或稱二氢°惡°坐、環氧基(epoxide)、酐基(anhydride)。常見的擴鏈劑如 pyromellitic dianhydride(PMDA) ' tetraglycidyl diamino diphenyl methane (TGDDM)、trimethylolpropane trigltcidyl ether(TMPTGE)、2, 2,,2,’-(l,3, 5-phenylene)-tris-2-oxazoline ' 2, 2’ ,2,5-(1, 2, 4-phenylene)-tris-4, 4-dimethyl-2-oxazoline 、2, 2’ ,2”-(l, 3, 5-phenylene)-tris-4, 4-dimethyl-2-oxazoline 、2, T ,2”-(l, 2,4-phenylene)-tris-5- methyl-2-oxazoline 、 2, 2, ,2,,-(l, 3,Temperature Figure i Suitable for the operating range of plastic foaming The extension of PET mainly utilizes the reaction of carbonic acid and hydroxyl groups at the end of the PET molecular chain to effectively extend the molecular chain. The added chain extender generally has to have two or more functional groups which can react with carbonic acid or hydroxyl groups, such as oxazoline, 201120105 or dihydrogen oxime, epoxy (epoxide) ), anhydride. Common chain extenders such as pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) 'tetraglycidyl diamino diphenyl methane (TGDDM), trimethylolpropane trigltcidyl ether (TMPTGE), 2, 2,, 2, '-(l,3, 5-phenylene)-tris-2- Oxazoline ' 2, 2' , 2,5-(1, 2, 4-phenylene)-tris-4, 4-dimethyl-2-oxazoline , 2, 2' , 2"-(l, 3, 5-phenylene) -tris-4, 4-dimethyl-2-oxazoline, 2, T, 2"-(l, 2,4-phenylene)-tris-5-methyl-2-oxazoline, 2, 2, ,2,,-( l, 3,
5 -phenylene)-tris-5 -methy 1-2-oxazoline。 為進一步證明本發明可達成前述之目的,本發明並同時採用壓力誘 引方式進行發泡’測試其改質成效。其發泡方式係將塑膠在其軟化點溫 度上’與高壓氣體接觸,待溶入高分子内的氣體達平衡之後,再予以洩 壓,即可有效獲得發泡之塑膠。 為達本發明前述之目的,本發明將PET,尤其是回收之PET,依據 以下步驟進行改質: (a) 將擴鏈劑以及PET原料載入高壓釜内; (b) 在低於擴鏈反應溫度下’泵入高壓氣體使擴鏈劑均勻地擴散於pET 結構體之内; (c) 將植入擴鏈劑的pet加溫至擴鏈反應溫度以上,使成擴鏈pET。 其中步驟(b)所指高壓氣體,一般係指易溶解於pET的氣體,如二 氧化碳氣體,或是各種與塑膠具有高度親和力的化合物,其主要有以下 四大類: 201120105 1. CFC(Chlorofluorocarbon) · R11(CC13F)、R12(CC12F2)、R114(CC1F2CIF2)、Methyl Chloride (CH3C1)、 Methylene Chloride (CH2CI2)、 2. HCFC(Hydrochloroflurocarbon): R141a(CH3CCl2F) ' R22(CHC1F2) > R142b(CH3CClF2) ' R124(CHFC1CF3); 3. HFC(hydrofluorocarbon): R134a(CH2FCH3)、R235fa(CF3CH2CHF2)、R365mfc(CF3CH2CF2CH3)、 R152a(CHF2CH3); 4. HC(hydrocarbon): cyclopentane、n-pentane、iso-pentane、n-butane、iso-butane、propane 〇 另,本發明所揭示的步驟所指加溫至擴鏈反應溫度以上,其所採 行之手段一般係指利用烘箱加熱,也可以使用單螺桿或雙螺桿押出機進 行之。唯本發明已經將擴鏈劑均勻分散在高分子結構體内,所以單螺桿 押出機即可有效進行擴鏈反應。因為本發明.可以僅使用單螺桿押出機進 行擴鏈反應’而單螺桿押ώ機的價格便宜,麟消耗低,所以本發明可 降低投資成本以及操作成本。 則述之擴鍵PET ’可進一步利用壓力誘引方式進行發泡測試其擴鏈 成效。其發泡的方式如下: ⑻將PET在軟化點以上溫度與高壓氣體接觸; (b)待氣體與PET達飽和之後,洩壓即可得發泡pET。 如果使用不適當之PET料’職發泡體密度高,泡孔結構不完整; 201120105 如果使用適當之PET原料,則其發泡體密度低,泡孔結構呈現蜂巢狀。 藉由上述之方式,即形成本件之本發明一種聚縮合高分子改質方 法’本發明與習用技術相比,可以獲得的優點及功效增進如下: •本發明所使用的高壓氣體為臨界壓力、溫度以上之流體狀態,由超 臨界流體所帶入之擴鏈劑,其能有效將擴鍊劑均勻分散在ρΕΤ結 構分子中,能改善以往直接由混煉機將擴鏈劑ΡΕΤ混煉,產生混 煉不均以及擴鏈劑需要量高等的問題,同時也可避免在真空下操作 ® 的能耗以及設備投資過高等問題。 一.由於利用超臨界流體進行擴鏈劑的植入,因此洩墨後的材料將直接 乾燥’只需靜置逸散即可,工序簡單。 三.本發明可有效提高ΡΕΤ之IV值,使其有足夠的炫融張力形成穩 定結構’使塑膠易於發泡,對於回收的pET提供了另—種新的應 用材料。 鲁 四·本發明所使用超臨界流體回收容易,可降低對環境之衝擊,並簡化 以往先前麟之繁雜作麵,有麟少製造所之成本。 【實施方式】 如圖-所示’本發明係為1聚縮合高分子㈣方法,其改質術 特徵在於利用超臨界流體將猶劑攜入高分子結構内,再加溫進行擴 鏈反應,以增加其熔融張力、克服分子降解。 本發明之主要私技術步驟如下所示,其巾雜合高分子以PM 做為實施,如圖二所示: !.擴鏈劑與回收的ΡΕΤ同時載入高祕η令,必要時將輔助溶劑同時 201120105 載入; 2.由氣體鋼瓶15 (本發明以二氧化碳做為實施)來的二氧化碳經過冷 郃器141預冷後,以液體高壓系14加壓後,暫存於緩衝槽η,並以 背壓閥151調整壓力; 3·利用調賴12,婦高壓* U所需要纏力後,開啟連接高壓簽 11與緩衝槽13之間的針間121,讓高駐U充滿高壓二氧化碳; 4. 啟動高壓爸U的加熱與溫控裝置lu,溫度與壓力到達所設定的條 籲 件之後’持溫持壓一段時間,讓擴鏈劑擴散至PET結構體内; 5. 泡壓取出含有擴鏈劑的pet試片,並選擇性地靜置讓溶解在ρΕτ内 的二氧化碳絲,雜含有猶_ PET加紅猶反細溫度以上 (不需攪拌或混煉),使PET完成擴鏈反應。 (實施例1)擴鏈劑分散於PET分子結構中 原料處理 • 使用吹瓶薇所回收的PET,先將贼PET放人烘箱中烘乾,供乾完成後, 將回收PET放入混煉機中加熱混煉,然後在壓模機中壓片成型為ρΕτ 試片。 擴鍵劑含浸 本發明除了單獨使用二氧化碳當作攜帶劑將擴鏈劑攜帶進入pET分子結 構中之外,亦嘗試利用輔溶劑增加其擴鏈劑的吸附量。分為單獨使用超 臨界二氧化碳及添加辅溶劑於超臨界二氧化碳兩部分。 ⑴單獨使用超臨界二氧化碳 12 201120105 1. PET試片秤重。 2. 擴鏈劑秤重(約PET片重量的5%,或10%)。 3. 將步驟1、2同時置入高壓釜中。 4. 注入高壓二氧化碟,利用二氧化碳將擴鏈劑均勻攜入PET分子結構 中。 5. 取出PET試片,隔夜待二氧化碳逸散後秤重,並計算擴鏈劑植入量。 6. 經過擴鏈劑植入的PET試片,即可準備進行發泡試驗。結果如下表所5-phenylene)-tris-5 -methy 1-2-oxazoline. To further demonstrate that the present invention achieves the foregoing objectives, the present invention simultaneously employs a pressure-inducing method for foaming' testing to improve its effectiveness. The foaming method is to contact the high-pressure gas at a temperature of the softening point of the plastic. After the gas dissolved in the polymer reaches equilibrium, the pressure is released, and the foamed plastic can be effectively obtained. For the purposes of the foregoing invention, the present invention upgrades PET, especially recycled PET, according to the following steps: (a) loading the chain extender and the PET material into the autoclave; (b) below the chain extension At the reaction temperature, the high-pressure gas is pumped to uniformly diffuse the chain extender in the pET structure; (c) The pet implanted with the chain extender is heated to a temperature above the chain extension reaction temperature to form an extended chain pET. The high pressure gas referred to in the step (b) generally refers to a gas which is easily dissolved in pET, such as carbon dioxide gas, or various compounds having high affinity with plastic, and mainly has the following four categories: 201120105 1. CFC (Chlorofluorocarbon) R11 (CC13F), R12 (CC12F2), R114 (CC1F2CIF2), Methyl Chloride (CH3C1), Methylene Chloride (CH2CI2), 2. HCFC (Hydrochloroflurocarbon): R141a(CH3CCl2F) 'R22(CHC1F2) > R142b(CH3CClF2) ' R124(CHFC1CF3); 3. HFC(hydrofluorocarbon): R134a(CH2FCH3), R235fa(CF3CH2CHF2), R365mfc(CF3CH2CF2CH3), R152a(CHF2CH3); 4. HC(hydrocarbon): cyclopentane, n-pentane, iso-pentane, n -butane, iso-butane, propane 〇In addition, the steps disclosed in the present invention refer to heating above the temperature of the chain extension reaction, and the means employed generally refer to heating by an oven, or by single-screw or twin-screw extrusion. The machine carries it out. Only the present invention has uniformly dispersed the chain extender in the polymer structure, so that the single-screw extruder can effectively carry out the chain extension reaction. Since the present invention can carry out the chain extension reaction using only a single screw extruder, and the single screw squeezing machine is inexpensive and has low lining consumption, the present invention can reduce the investment cost and the operation cost. The expanded PET ’ can be further tested by foaming to test its chain extension. The foaming method is as follows: (8) The PET is brought into contact with the high-pressure gas at a temperature above the softening point; (b) After the gas and the PET are saturated, the foaming pET can be obtained by releasing the pressure. If the inappropriate PET material is used, the density of the foam is high, and the cell structure is incomplete; 201120105 If the appropriate PET material is used, the foam density is low and the cell structure is honeycomb-like. By the above method, the polycondensation polymer modification method of the present invention which forms the present invention, the advantages and the advantages obtained by the present invention are improved as follows: • The high pressure gas used in the present invention is a critical pressure, The fluid state above the temperature, the chain extender brought by the supercritical fluid, which can effectively disperse the chain extender uniformly in the ρΕΤ structure molecule, and can improve the previous mixing of the chain extender by the mixer. The problem of uneven mixing and high requirements for chain extenders, as well as avoiding the energy consumption of operating the vacuum under vacuum and the high investment in equipment. 1. Since the supercritical fluid is used for the implantation of the chain extender, the material after the ink bleed will be directly dried, and only the static dissipating is required, and the process is simple. 3. The present invention can effectively increase the IV value of bismuth so that it has sufficient glare tension to form a stable structure, which makes the plastic easy to foam, and provides another new application material for the recovered pET. Lu Si. The supercritical fluid used in the present invention is easy to recycle, can reduce the impact on the environment, and simplifies the complicated work of the previous linings, and has the cost of manufacturing less. [Embodiment] As shown in the figure - the present invention is a method for polymerizing a polycondensation polymer (IV), and the modification is characterized in that a jujube agent is carried into a polymer structure by a supercritical fluid, and then a chain extension reaction is carried out by heating. To increase its melt tension and overcome molecular degradation. The main private technical steps of the present invention are as follows, and the hybrid polymer of the towel is implemented by PM, as shown in Fig. 2: !. The chain extender and the recovered cockroach are simultaneously loaded with high secrets, and if necessary, will be assisted The solvent is simultaneously loaded in 201120105; 2. The carbon dioxide from the gas cylinder 15 (the carbon dioxide as the implementation of the present invention) is precooled by the cold header 141, pressurized by the liquid high pressure system 14, and temporarily stored in the buffer tank η, and The pressure is adjusted by the back pressure valve 151; 3. After the entanglement force is required by using the damper 12, the needle 121 between the high pressure switch 11 and the buffer tank 13 is opened, so that the high resident U is filled with high pressure carbon dioxide; Start the heating and temperature control device lu of the high-pressure dad U. After the temperature and pressure reach the set bar, hold the temperature for a period of time, let the chain extender diffuse into the PET structure; 5. The bubble pressure is taken out and expanded. The pet test piece of the chain agent is selectively allowed to stand for the carbon dioxide wire dissolved in ρΕτ, and the impurity contains more than the temperature of the PET plus red (without stirring or kneading), so that the PET completes the chain extension reaction. (Example 1) The chain extender is dispersed in the molecular structure of the PET. • The PET recovered by the bottle blowing is used to dry the thief PET in an oven. After the drying is completed, the recycled PET is placed in the mixer. The mixture was heated and kneaded, and then formed into a ρΕτ test piece by compression molding in a press molding machine. Impregnation of the Expanding Agent In addition to the use of carbon dioxide as a carrier to carry the chain extender into the pET molecular structure alone, attempts have been made to increase the amount of chain extender adsorbed by the use of a co-solvent. It is divided into two parts: supercritical carbon dioxide alone and auxiliary solvent in supercritical carbon dioxide. (1) Supercritical carbon dioxide alone 12 201120105 1. PET test piece weighs. 2. The chain extender weighs (about 5%, or 10% of the weight of the PET sheet). 3. Place steps 1 and 2 simultaneously into the autoclave. 4. Inject high-pressure dioxide discs and use carbon dioxide to carry the chain extender evenly into the PET molecular structure. 5. Remove the PET test piece, weigh it after overnight carbon dioxide escape, and calculate the amount of chain extender implant. 6. After the PET test piece implanted with the chain extender, the foam test can be prepared. The results are as follows
(A)擴鏈劑:PMDA(5%) 表5 編號 時間 (hr) 溫度 (°C) 壓力 (psi) Wo(g) Wf(g) △W= ^ (W〇- Wf)/W〇 Α1 2 80 3000 1.2784 1.2984 0.0156 ' Α2 2 50 6000 1.1136 1.1220 0.0075 、 A3 2 80 6000 1.2529 1.2777 0.0198 、 Α4 4 80 6000 1.2819 1.3167 0.0271 、 Α5 6 80 6000 1.3048 1.3517 0.0359 、 Α6 6 100 6000 1.1950 1.2448 0.0417 Α7 8 100 6000 1.2096 1.2477 0.0315 、 Α8 2 120 6000 1.2774 1.3233 0.0359 、 Α9 4 120 6000 1.2723 1.3185 0.0363 Α10 1 100 7000 1.2496 1.2773 0.0222 ^ All 2 100 7000 1.2306 1.2738 0.0351 、 A12 6 100 7000 1.2172 1.2557 0.0316 ^ A13 10 100 7000 1.2298 1.2783 0.0394 〜 ----- --(A) Chain Extender: PMDA (5%) Table 5 No. Time (hr) Temperature (°C) Pressure (psi) Wo(g) Wf(g) △W= ^ (W〇- Wf)/W〇Α1 2 80 3000 1.2784 1.2984 0.0156 ' Α 2 2 50 6000 1.1136 1.1220 0.0075 , A3 2 80 6000 1.2529 1.2777 0.0198 , Α 4 4 80 6000 1.2819 1.3167 0.0271 , Α 5 6 80 6000 1.3048 1.3517 0.0359 , Α 6 6 100 6000 1.1950 1.2448 0.0417 Α 7 8 100 6000 1.2096 1.2477 0.0315 , Α 8 2 120 6000 1.2774 1.3233 0.0359 , Α 9 4 120 6000 1.2723 1.3185 0.0363 Α 10 1 100 7000 1.2496 1.2773 0.0222 ^ All 2 100 7000 1.2306 1.2738 0.0351 , A12 6 100 7000 1.2172 1.2557 0.0316 ^ A13 10 100 7000 1.2298 1.2783 0.0394 ~ ----- --
W。:載入的PET重量W. : Loaded PET weight
Wf=植入擴鏈劑後的重量 Δ\ν=植入擴鏈劑所增加的重量分率 上表五中,編號Α2及A3比較,溫度上升,擴鏈劑植入量明顯 13 201120105 增加,由於PET的Tg點(玻璃轉移化溫度)大約在90度左右,要將 它變成熔融狀態才比較容紐擴蝴帶人,A;的溫度條件接近ρΕτ 的Tg點,所以擴鏈劑植入量明顯比μ多出一倍;Α8的溫度高於ρΕτ 的Tg點’植入里也幾乎比A3多出一倍,由此可看出,溫度越高,擴 鏈劑含量比魏高。這轉個為彳· Tg時,猶細紐速率慢, 所以2小時的含浸所能植入的量有限。 如果同於Tg,則2小時所能植入的量已經接近飽和,繼續增加時 間’所能帶來的植入量增加也有限。時間的比較可由A1〇〜A13看出, 含浸的時_久’擴鏈躺會增加,但2树之後,所增加的程度有 限。 如果改變壓力,可由A1及A3比較看出,壓力增加,擴鏈劑含 量比重增加。 因此本發明較佳的擴鏈劑植入溫度為塑膠的Tg以上溫度,另外為 使擴鏈劑的擴散完全,植入所需要的時間大約為2小時。 (B)擴鏈劑:DGA 表6Wf=weight after implanting the chain extender Δ\ν=the added weight fraction of the implant chain extender is shown in Table 5, the number Α2 and A3 are compared, the temperature rises, and the amount of chain extender implant is obviously 13 201120105. Since the Tg point (glass transfer temperature) of PET is about 90 degrees, it is necessary to turn it into a molten state. The temperature condition is close to the Tg point of ρΕτ, so the amount of chain extender implanted. It is obviously twice as much as μ; the temperature of Α8 is higher than the Tg point of ρΕτ, which is almost twice as much as that of A3. It can be seen that the higher the temperature, the higher the chain extender content than Wei. When this is changed to 彳·Tg, the rate of yuppie is slow, so the amount of 2 hours of impregnation can be implanted. If it is the same as Tg, the amount that can be implanted in 2 hours is already close to saturation, and the increase in the amount of implantation that can be caused by the continued increase in time is also limited. The comparison of time can be seen from A1〇~A13, and the time of impregnation will increase, but after 2 trees, the degree of increase is limited. If the pressure is changed, it can be seen from the comparison of A1 and A3 that the pressure increases and the specific gravity of the chain extender increases. Therefore, the preferred chain extender implantation temperature of the present invention is at a temperature above the Tg of the plastic, and in order to complete the diffusion of the chain extender, the time required for implantation is about 2 hours. (B) Chain extender: DGA Table 6
表中B2及B3比較’可以發現溫度越高,擴鏈劑植入量越多。壓力增加, 擴鏈劑含量比重有微量的增加,B1 &B3可以比較出。對於高於Tg以 14 201120105The comparison of B2 and B3 in the table can be found that the higher the temperature, the more the chain extender is implanted. As the pressure increases, the specific gravity of the chain extender increases slightly, and B1 & B3 can be compared. For higher than Tg to 14 201120105
上溫度的條件,6小時與8小時對擴鏈劑植入量影響不大。 (C)擴鏈劑:TMPTGE 表7 編號 TMPTGE 時間 (hr) 溫度 CC) 壓力 (psi) Wo(g) Wf(g) △W (W〇- Wf)/W„ C1 5% 2 80 3000 1.4632 1.4877 0.0167 C2 5% 2 50 6000 1.2631 1.2728 0.0077 C3 5% 2 80 6000 1.2653 1.2913 0.0205 C4 10% 6 100 6000 1.1565 1.1840 0.0238 C5 10% 8 100 6000 1.2036 1.2331 0.0245 由上述結果可得知’樣本C5的結果,優於其他樣本。 表中C2及C3比較得知溫度越高,擴鏈劑植入量越多。C1及C3可 以比較出壓力增加,擴鏈劑含量增加。對於高於Tg以上溫度的條件, 6小時與8小時對擴鏈劑植入量影響不大。 (2)添加輔溶劑於超臨界二氧化碳 1· PET試片秤重》 2. 擴鏈劑以及輔溶劑秤重(各約pET片重量的5%)。 3. 將步驟1、2同時置入高麗爸中。 4. >主入高壓二氧化碳,利用二氧化碳將擴鏈劑均勻攜入ρΕτ分子結構 中。 5. 取出PET試片’隔夜待二氧化碳逸散後秤重,並計算擴鏈撇入量。 6. 經過猶継入的pET試片,即可準備進行發泡試驗。結果如下表所 示〇 15 201120105The conditions of the upper temperature, 6 hours and 8 hours have little effect on the amount of chain extender implanted. (C) Chain Extender: TMPTGE Table 7 No. TMPTGE Time (hr) Temperature CC) Pressure (psi) Wo(g) Wf(g) △W (W〇- Wf)/W„ C1 5% 2 80 3000 1.4632 1.4877 0.0167 C2 5% 2 50 6000 1.2631 1.2728 0.0077 C3 5% 2 80 6000 1.2653 1.2913 0.0205 C4 10% 6 100 6000 1.1565 1.1840 0.0238 C5 10% 8 100 6000 1.2036 1.2331 0.0245 From the above results, we can see the results of the sample C5. In other samples, C2 and C3 in the table show that the higher the temperature, the more the chain extender is implanted. C1 and C3 can increase the pressure and increase the chain extender content. For conditions above Tg, 6 Hours and 8 hours have little effect on the amount of chain extender implanted. (2) Adding auxiliary solvent to supercritical carbon dioxide 1·PET test piece weighing 2. Chain extender and auxiliary solvent weighing (each about pET piece weight 5%) 3. Put both steps 1 and 2 into Gory Dad. 4. > Inject high-pressure carbon dioxide and use carbon dioxide to carry the chain extender evenly into the molecular structure of ρΕτ. 5. Take out the PET test piece 'wait overnight After the carbon dioxide is dispersed, weigh it and calculate the amount of chain extension. 6. After passing through the pET test piece, the standard can be obtained. The foaming test was carried out. The results are shown in the following table 2011 15 201120105
p-xylene 以及 表中試驗添加辅溶劑以增加擴鏈麵人量^兩種輔溶劑,P-xylene and the test to add a co-solvent to increase the number of people in the chain extension ^ two auxiliary solvents,
Octane,其中又以P-Xylene的效果較佳嚼於高於^以上溫度的條件,ai4 至ΑΠ比較可以發現時間的增加,在2小時以後植入量的增加有限。 (實施例2)發泡實驗 1_開啟二氧化碳鋼瓶’啟動液泵、冷卻器,並建立緩衝槽的壓力; 2. 將含有擴鏈劑的PET試片置入含浸槽; 3. 啟動含浸槽加熱器,待溫度到達擴鏈反應溫度以上的第一加熱溫度; 4!開啟連通含浸槽與緩衝槽之間的針閥,並以調壓閥調節含浸槽壓力, 持續壓力與第一溫度達半小時以上; 5·調節含浸槽溫度至略高於軟化點溫度以上的第二加熱溫度,並持溫半 小時以上; 6·開啟含浸槽底部的球閥進行洩壓,使PET試片發泡; 7.發泡試片進行密度測量與掃描式電子顯微鏡(SEM,seanningEleetK)n Microscopy)的微結構觀察;結果於下表中: 編號A15的試片進行發泡後的泡材密度隨第二溫度變化的情形,整 理於表9中,其SEM照片整理於表1〇中。明顯地,密度隨第二溫度上 201120105 升而下降,其最小密度大約在250°C左右。如果仔細觀察其泡孔結構,可 以發現其泡孔在260 °C的相對高溫下,仍然完整,泡壁破裂的百分比也 不南。 表9 第一溫度(°c) 第二溫度(°C) 含浸壓力(bar) 密度(g/cm3) 270 230 120 0.3110 270 240 120 0.1883 270 250 120 0.1104 270 260 120 0.1710 表10 局部 全區Octane, in which the effect of P-Xylene is better than the temperature above ^, the ai4 to ΑΠ can be found to increase the time, and the increase of the implantation amount is limited after 2 hours. (Example 2) Foaming experiment 1_Open the carbon dioxide cylinder 'starting liquid pump, cooler, and establish the pressure of the buffer tank; 2. Place the PET test piece containing the chain extender into the impregnation tank; 3. Start the impregnation tank heating , until the temperature reaches the first heating temperature above the chain reaction temperature; 4! Open the needle valve between the impregnation tank and the buffer tank, and adjust the pressure of the impregnation tank with the pressure regulating valve, and continue the pressure with the first temperature for half an hour. 5. Adjust the temperature of the impregnation bath to a temperature slightly higher than the second heating temperature above the softening point temperature, and hold the temperature for more than half an hour; 6. Open the ball valve at the bottom of the impregnation tank to release the pressure, and foam the PET test piece; The foamed test piece was subjected to density measurement and microstructure observation of a scanning electron microscope (SEM, sunning Eleet K) n Microscopy; the results are shown in the following table: The density of the foamed material after the foaming of the test piece No. A15 varies with the second temperature. The situation is summarized in Table 9, and the SEM photographs thereof are organized in Table 1〇. Obviously, the density decreases with the second temperature on 201120105, and its minimum density is about 250 °C. If the cell structure is carefully observed, it can be found that the cell is still intact at a relatively high temperature of 260 °C, and the percentage of cell wall rupture is not too high. Table 9 First temperature (°c) Second temperature (°C) Impregnation pressure (bar) Density (g/cm3) 270 230 120 0.3110 270 240 120 0.1883 270 250 120 0.1104 270 260 120 0.1710 Table 10 Partial area
230〇C230〇C
240〇C240〇C
250〇C250〇C
17 20112010517 201120105
(實施例3)添加各種擴鏈劑的發泡實驗 其他編號All、A19、B5、C5的試片進行發泡後的泡材密度,整理於 表11中。 第一温度(°c) 第二温度ΓΟ 含浸壓力(bar) 密度(g/cm3;) A19 270 250 120 0.2157 All 270 250 120 0.2729 ^ B5 270 250 120 oSTo 一 L7c5 270 250 120 • '— 0.2544 ------ 對於添加不同於PMDA的擴鏈劑之B5與C5樣品,或是不同植入擴鍵 劑方法的試驗’ A19與All,也都能夠獲得發泡的PET泡材。顯示以超臨 w 界二氧化碳將擴鏈劑植入PET中’確實可以有效產生高分子鏈的網絡結構。 如上述各實施例與先前技術的實施方式加以比較,若依本發明,即可 提供一種聚酯材料的改質方法,係可回收再利用再生原料,可製造具 有較佳的熔融張力、分子量增大的PET,其與習用技術方法相比,更 具下列優點: 1·經過本發明擴鏈及接枝改質後的PET,其分子量及熔融張力接增 加,所以適合操作溫度範圍變大’因此易於發泡; 2·本發明亦以環保為訴求,所使用之超臨界流體回收容易,可降低對 18 201120105 環境之汙染; 3.本發明係可簡化習用技術之繁獅作過程,生產絲較易控制,且 能有效減少魚眼及不透明缺陷之形成; 4·本發明可改善以往技術之產^品冑,使其制雜均自之泡材,且 能廣泛應用於工業上。 上述實施例1至實施例3係針對本發明的較佳實例,並非對本發 明做任何形式上的限制,凡未脫離本發明技藝精神所為之等效實施或變 更,均應包含於本案之專利範圍。先前技術的實施方式一與二,僅供比 較之用’非為本發明之核心技術。 综合上述,本案於技術思想上確屬創新,應充分符合新穎性及應 用性之專利案件,懇請貴局核准本發明專利申請案。 【圖式簡單說明】 圖一為本發明一種聚縮合高分子改質方法之步驟流程圖。 圖二為本發明一種聚縮合分子改質方法之製程圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 101 步驟一 102步驟二 103步驟三 11商壓爸 111溫度控制裝置 112高壓爸壓力指示計 201120105 12調壓閥 121 針閥 Π緩衝槽 131緩衝槽指示計 14泵 141 冷卻器 15氣體鋼瓶 151背壓閥(Example 3) Foaming test in which various chain extenders were added Other test pieces of No. A1, A19, B5, and C5 were foamed, and the density of the foamed materials was as shown in Table 11. First temperature (°c) Second temperature ΓΟ Impregnation pressure (bar) Density (g/cm3;) A19 270 250 120 0.2157 All 270 250 120 0.2729 ^ B5 270 250 120 oSTo One L7c5 270 250 120 • '— 0.2544 -- The foamed PET foam can also be obtained for the B5 and C5 samples of the chain extender different from PMDA, or the test 'A19 and All' with different implantable mineralizer methods. It is shown that the use of a chain extender in the super-swanning carbon dioxide to implant a chain extender can indeed effectively produce a network structure of a polymer chain. As compared with the prior art embodiments, according to the present invention, a modification method of the polyester material can be provided, which can recover and reuse the recycled raw material, and can have a better melt tension and an increased molecular weight. Large PET, compared with the conventional technical method, has the following advantages: 1. After the chain extension and graft modification of the PET of the present invention, the molecular weight and the melt tension are increased, so that the operating temperature range becomes larger. It is easy to foam; 2. The invention is also environmentally friendly, and the supercritical fluid used is easy to recycle, which can reduce the pollution of the environment of 18 201120105. 3. The invention can simplify the lion-making process of the conventional technology, and the production silk is relatively smooth. It is easy to control and can effectively reduce the formation of fish eyes and opaque defects. 4. The invention can improve the production of the prior art, make it a waste material, and can be widely used in industry. The above-mentioned Embodiments 1 to 3 are intended to be in the form of a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. . Embodiments 1 and 2 of the prior art are for comparison purposes only and are not core technologies of the present invention. In summary, the case is truly innovative in terms of technical thinking, and should fully comply with the patent cases of novelty and applicability. You are requested to approve the patent application of this invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is a flow chart showing the steps of a polycondensation polymer upgrading method of the present invention. Figure 2 is a process diagram of a polycondensation molecular modification method of the present invention. [Main component symbol description] 101 Step 1 102 Step 2 103 Step 3 11 Business pressure dad 111 Temperature control device 112 High pressure dad pressure indicator 201120105 12 Pressure regulating valve 121 Needle valve Π Buffer tank 131 Buffer tank indicator 14 Pump 141 Cooler 15 gas cylinder 151 back pressure valve
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CN105273368A (en) * | 2014-05-28 | 2016-01-27 | 华东理工大学 | Foamable PET resin, preparation method and uses thereof |
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CN105131538A (en) * | 2014-05-28 | 2015-12-09 | 华东理工大学 | PET foam product and preparation method thereof |
CN105273368A (en) * | 2014-05-28 | 2016-01-27 | 华东理工大学 | Foamable PET resin, preparation method and uses thereof |
CN105273368B (en) * | 2014-05-28 | 2018-04-03 | 华东理工大学 | A kind of expandable PET resin and its production and use |
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