TW201116500A - Solid product made from by-produced petroleum ash in circulation fluidized bed and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Solid product made from by-produced petroleum ash in circulation fluidized bed and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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201116500 六、發明說明: 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明是有關於一種固化物及其製法,特別是指一種 循環流化床鍋爐副產石油焦灰製固化物及並 【先前技術】 '、/ 石油焦(petroleum coke)’為煉油廠衍生的副產物,外 觀是黑色塊狀、顆粒狀,利用原油於蒸餘後所得的重質油 ’經熱裂解、縮合、生焦、冷焦與除焦等過程轉化而得; 石油焦的主要組成元素為碳,佔有8〇%以上,其餘組成元 素有氫、氧、li、硫和金屬’其中平均含硫量約在7%左右 。目前’石油焦的主要用途有:⑴鍋爐、汽電共生、水泥 熏等燃料;(2)煉鋼、煉紹用的電極,及(3)生產元素構、碳 化鈣、碳化矽的碳素原料。 因為石油焦具有灰份低、熱值高的特點,常被用來作 為替代燃料,根據統計資料顯示,全世界生產的石油焦約 有38%是用作水泥寞燃料,約有12%是做為工業銷爐燃料 。然而,石油焦所含約7%的高含硫量,於燃燒時會排放出 超標的過量硫氧化物,引發環境污染問題,故目前主要以 循環式流體化床鍋爐(Circulating Fluidized Bed-Boiler,簡 稱CFB)此燃燒技術,透過在燃燒過程中添加石灰石( CaC〇3)進行脫硫的方式,便得以解決燃燒石油焦所生的硫 氧化物排放問題;同時,在循環式流體化床鍋爐的運作過 私中,會產生經由靜電集塵器收集得之灰白色粉末狀的飛 灰(fly ash),以及從爐底收集得之黃褐色顆粒狀的底灰( 201116500 bed ash),通常將此二種副產物合稱為CFB副產石油焦灰, 特別是’ CFB副產石油焦灰的性質相當穩定,不含有毒物 質’且主要含有合計約佔90%以上的石灰(Ca〇)與石膏( CaS〇4)成分,極具資源化潛力,故目前於國内外已有將 CFB副產石油焦灰應用在土木營建材料、道路工程(如道 路基底層級配粒料)、土壤改良、污泥固化劑等再利用用 途。 但事實上,由於CFB副產石油焦灰中所含石膏(即無 尺瓜酸約)’疋屬於II型硬石膏,在一般情況下,硬石膏水 匕形成一水石膏(cas04.2H20)的速度極慢,自我膠結能力 不佳,且有研究文獻指出,於混凝土内以CFB飛灰取代水 泥時’隨著CFB飛灰的取代量增加(>1G%),會造成混凝 土塊的凝結時間延長(即緩凝)、抗壓強度降低,因而限制 了 CFB副產石油焦灰的開發應用。 【發明内容】 ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ m > 暂爐於燃燒石油焦與石灰時所產生石油焦灰副產物成 令優價簾的膠結材料’進而製成具有高抗μ強度以能供』 戍@ m化物’以達到極佳的資源化處理成效之循環; 化床副產石油焦灰製固化物及其製法。 物玷制、I發明之循環流化床鍋爐副產石油焦灰製固4 繼伟法%將—膠結料與—催化劑加水混拌成-槳體, 爐=漿體ϋ化而成’其中,該勝結料包含循環流化床金 骚田彳產石油焦飛灰。 201116500 本發明之功效在於,將包含循環流化床銷爐副產石油 焦飛灰之膠結料、催化劑與水混拌在一起時,該膠結料中 之無水石膏會快速轉化成二水石膏,因而使該膠結料能發 揮快速水合與凝固的極佳自行膠結能力,進而能製出高抗 壓強度與高經濟效益的固化物以供再利用,藉以達到極佳 的資源化處理成效。 【實施方式】 φ 有關本發明之前述及其他技術内容、特點與功效,在 以下40個較佳實施例的詳細說明中,將可清楚的呈現。 本發明之循環流化床鍋爐副產石油焦灰製固化物的製 法,是在將水膠比控制在介於〇1〇〜5〇〇之間的條件下,把 一膠結料(cementitious material)與一催化劑(acceierat〇r )加水充分混拌成一膠態漿體。此處之水膠比(W/B ),是 拌水量(kg/m3)與膠結料加催化劑之總量(kg/m3)的比值 ’即W/B=拌水量/ (膠結料+催化劑)。 % 其中,該膠結料是包含循環流化床鍋爐副產石油焦灰 、水泥、卜作嵐(pozzolan)材料,或此等之一組合。而循 裱流化床鍋爐副產石油焦灰(以下簡稱CFB石油焦灰)的 來源,是台塑石化輕油廠所設置循環流體化床鍋爐 發電運作時所產生二種副產物的混合者(其成分如表丨所 示),取自於靜電集塵器的為循環流化床鋼爐副產石油焦飛 灰(以下簡稱CFB飛灰)’取自於爐底的便是循環流化床鍋 爐副產石油焦底灰(以下簡稱CFB底灰),此二者的基本物 性則見表2所示,很清楚地,該CFB石油焦灰基本上是包 201116500 含6㈣〜Μ%的無水石膏(CaS〇4,又稱硬石膏)與 25%〜35%的石灰(Ca〇)等主要組成,另由目ι與圖2所示 CFB飛灰之掃描式電子顯微鏡(SEM )照片亦可看出, CFB飛灰確實含有大量不規則塊狀的硬石膏結構且硬石 膏顆粒間存有較多明顯的孔隙。χ,卜作嵐材料是飛灰( fly ash)、爐石粉(slag),或此等之一組合其主要成分為201116500 VI. Description of the Invention: [Technical Field] The present invention relates to a cured product and a method for producing the same, and more particularly to a by-product of petroleum coke ash produced by a circulating fluidized bed boiler and [prior art] / petroleum coke (petroleum coke) is a by-product derived from the refinery. The appearance is black block and granular. The heavy oil obtained by using crude oil after steaming is subjected to thermal cracking, condensation, coke formation, cold coke and removal. The main components of petroleum coke are carbon, which accounts for more than 8%, and the remaining components are hydrogen, oxygen, li, sulfur and metal. The average sulfur content is about 7%. At present, the main uses of petroleum coke are: (1) boilers, steam and electricity symbiosis, cement and other fuels; (2) electrodes for steelmaking and refining, and (3) carbon materials for producing elemental structure, calcium carbide and tantalum carbide . Because petroleum coke has the characteristics of low ash content and high calorific value, it is often used as an alternative fuel. According to statistics, about 38% of the petroleum coke produced worldwide is used as cement sputum fuel, and about 12% is made. For industrial sales of fuel. However, petroleum coke contains about 7% of high sulfur content, which will emit excessive sulfur oxides when it burns, causing environmental pollution problems. Therefore, it is mainly used in circulating fluidized bed boilers (Circulating Fluidized Bed-Boiler, CFB) This combustion technology solves the problem of sulfur oxide emissions from burning petroleum coke by adding limestone (CaC〇3) to the combustion process. At the same time, in the circulating fluidized bed boiler In operation, the fly ash collected by the electrostatic precipitator and the yellowish brown granules collected from the bottom of the furnace (201116500 bed ash) are usually produced. The by-products are collectively referred to as CFB by-product petroleum coke, especially the 'CFB by-product petroleum coke is quite stable, does not contain toxic substances' and mainly contains about 90% of the total amount of lime (Ca〇) and gypsum ( CaS〇4) has great potential for recycling. Therefore, CFB by-product petroleum coke has been applied to civil engineering materials, road engineering (such as road base layer graded pellets) and soil improvement. Good use of sludge, sludge curing agent, etc. But in fact, since the gypsum contained in the CFB by-product petroleum coke (ie, no melon acid) is a type II anhydrite, in general, the anhydrite gypsum forms a gypsum (cas04.2H20). The speed is very slow, the self-claying ability is not good, and there is research literature that when the CFB fly ash is used to replace the cement in the concrete, the amount of substitution of the CFB fly ash increases (>1G%), which will cause the concrete block to set. Prolonged (ie, retarded) and reduced compressive strength limit the development and application of CFB by-product petroleum coke. 【Contents】 ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ m > The by-product of the petroleum coke produced by burning the coke and lime is a cementitious material that makes the curtain of high-quality curtains, and then has a high anti-μ strength to provide戍@姆化' to achieve excellent recycling of resources; the bed by-product petroleum coke ash solidified material and its preparation method.玷 、 、 I 发明 发明 发明 发明 发明 发明 发明 发明 发明 发明 发明 发明 发明 发明 发明 发明 发明 发明 发明 发明 发明 发明 发明 发明 发明 发明 发明 发明 发明 发明 发明 发明 发明 发明 发明 发明 发明 发明 发明 发明 发明 发明 发明 发明 发明 发明 发明 发明 发明 发明The winnings include the circulating fluidized bed Jin Saoda's petroleum coke fly ash. 201116500 The effect of the invention is that when the cement containing the petroleum coke fly ash by-product of the circulating fluidized bed furnace, the catalyst and the water are mixed together, the anhydrite in the cement is quickly converted into dihydrate gypsum, thus The binder can exert excellent self-adhesive ability for rapid hydration and solidification, thereby producing a high compressive strength and high economical cured product for reuse, thereby achieving excellent resource treatment efficiency. [Embodiment] The above and other technical contents, features and effects of the present invention will be apparent from the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments. The method for preparing petroleum coke ash by-product of the circulating fluidized bed boiler of the invention is to make a cementitious material under the condition that the water-to-binder ratio is controlled between 〇1〇~5〇〇. Mix well with a catalyst (acceierat〇r) to form a colloidal slurry. The water-to-binder ratio (W/B) here is the ratio of the water mix (kg/m3) to the total amount of binder plus catalyst (kg/m3), ie W/B = water mix / (binder + catalyst) . %, the binder is a petroleum coke, cement, pozzolan material, or a combination thereof, which is a by-product of a circulating fluidized bed boiler. The source of by-product fluid petroleum coke (hereinafter referred to as CFB petroleum coke) is a mixture of two by-products produced by the circulating fluidized bed boiler set up by the Formosa Petrochemical Light Oil Plant. Its composition is shown in Table )), which is taken from the electrostatic precipitator for the circulating fluidized bed steel furnace by-product petroleum coke fly ash (hereinafter referred to as CFB fly ash), which is taken from the bottom of the furnace is a circulating fluidized bed. Boiler by-product petroleum coke bottom ash (hereinafter referred to as CFB bottom ash), the basic physical properties of the two are shown in Table 2. It is clear that the CFB petroleum coke is basically an anhydrous gypsum containing 6 (four) ~ Μ% of 201116500 (CaS〇4, also known as anhydrite) and 25%~35% lime (Ca〇), etc., and can also be seen from the scanning electron microscope (SEM) of CFB fly ash shown in Figure 2. Out, CFB fly ash does contain a large amount of irregular block anhydrite structure and there are more obvious pores between the anhydrite particles. χ, 卜作岚 material is fly ash, slag, or a combination of these
Si02、Al2〇3、CaO 等。 【表1】 化學成份 百分比 CaS04 60%-65% CaO 25%-35% Si02 2.50% AI2O3 0.35% Fe203 0.17% K20 0.62% MgO 2% pH 12.4 種類 外觀 比重 CFB飛灰 灰白色粉末狀 2.80 CFB底灰 黃褐色顆粒狀 3.05 ~~' 0.001-0.075 ㈣ /又、VIII / g ) 3050 0-075-0.600 1260 另外,催化劑是硫酸卸(K2S04)、硫酸納(Na2so4)、 卸明暮(KA1(S04)2.12H20)、燒钟明礬(KA1(so4)2)、絡酸 鉀(K2Cr2〇7)、硫酸氫鈉(NaHs〇4),或此等之一組合。 主要是,在膠結料-催化劑〜水三者所構成的混合系 統中,膠結料與催化劑在有水環境下進行著分散、溶解盘 201116500 水化等作用,隨著水化反應的進行,系統中會產生不規則 晶體型態的顆粒狀/膠體狀水化產物,例如:二水石膏(Si02, Al2〇3, CaO, and the like. [Table 1] Percentage of chemical composition CaS04 60%-65% CaO 25%-35% Si02 2.50% AI2O3 0.35% Fe203 0.17% K20 0.62% MgO 2% pH 12.4 Appearance specific gravity CFB fly ash gray white powder 2.80 CFB bottom gray yellow Brown granules 3.05 ~~' 0.001-0.075 (4) / again, VIII / g) 3050 0-075-0.600 1260 In addition, the catalyst is sulfuric acid unloading (K2S04), sodium sulphate (Na2so4), unloading sputum (KA1 (S04) 2.12 H20), burnt alum (KA1 (so4) 2), potassium complex (K2Cr2〇7), sodium hydrogen sulfate (NaHs〇4), or a combination of these. Mainly, in the mixing system composed of cement-catalyst~water, the binder and catalyst are dispersed in the water environment, and the solvation of the disk 201116500 is dissolved. As the hydration reaction proceeds, the system Granular/colloidal hydration products that produce irregular crystal forms, such as: dihydrate gypsum (
CaS〇4.2H2〇 )、氫氧化鈣(Ca(0H)2 )、催化劑水合物(如 KA1(S04)2.12H20)、鈣矽水化合物(Ca〇 Si〇2_H2〇,簡稱 CSH)、舞链水化合物(Ca0-A12〇3_H2〇,簡稱cAH)、鈣礬 石(ca6Al2(s〇4)3(OH)]2.26H2〇)等’尤其催化劑能活 化膠結料(如CFB飛灰、水泥、爐石粉與飛灰等),激發出 φ 膠結料的膠結能力,讓膠結料充分、快速地水化生成大量 水化產物(謬體型態),而這些水化產物會填充在混合漿體 的微孔隙f,形成強化的凝聚結晶結構網,使漿體的結構 更為緻岔,進而迅速凝結、硬固成一能發揮強度的固化物 (如混凝土)。 當在一般環境溫度下,完成歷時約分鐘的混拌處 理後,使仍呈膠態或已固化之漿體繼續進行養護處理,以 提昇其所能發展的硬度與強度,而養護方式能根據日後固 # 化物的使用環境來決定,例如,因該膠結料是屬於氣硬性 材料,故方固化物是用在無浸泡水環境時,只要使漿體處 在至酿環境下自然氣乾硬化約丨〜2天即可,但是,若固化 物將來是要使用在浸泡水環境中時,就必須先施予約2〜3 天的自然氣乾養護,再予浸潰在濃度約〇 5〇/〇〜5%的水玻璃 ’昆。液中’歷時約7〜21天的水中養護,以能提高固化物的 耐水性。 待上述養護處理結束後,使該固化物繼續擺置在室溫 衣兄中以接文水化率(% )、抗廢強度(kgf/cm2 )、初八终 201116500 凝時間(min )、面乾飽和密度(g/cm3 )、烘乾密度(g/cm3 )等各項測試。 如表3所示,在本發明之實施例j〜25中,所使用膠結 料疋純CFB飛灰’勝結料與催化劑的配比為〜99 wt% .lwt%〜5wt%,水移比控制在0.50,主要是透過改變cfb 飛灰與催化劑的配比,以及所使用催化劑種類,來探討 CFB飛灰漿體之資源化再利用的可行性,並同時與比較例工 ’即在未掺混任何催化劑下所形成的純CFB飛灰漿體,來 作對照比較。 由式(1)可知’在CFB飛灰-催化劑·水之混合漿體系統 中所進行的水化反應,CFB飛灰(以[A0/〇CaS04 + B〇/〇CaO] 表示,實際如65%CaS04+ 35%Ca0)在催化劑的活化下, 會迅速反應生成CaS〇4.2H2〇與Ca(OH)2,同時催化劑也會 水合形成以[催化劑.(n-2m)H2〇]表示的水合物,以催化劑是 kai(so4)2為例’其水合物即是KA1(S04)2_12H20,由於這 些水合產物會填充在CFB飛灰漿體的孔洞中,使CFB飛灰 漿體的結構更為緻密,並得以迅速凝結、硬固。 m[A%CaS04 + B%CaO] + 催化劑 + nH20 —a [CaS04-2H20]+ 石 Ca(〇H)2+ 催化劑.(n-2m)H20 (1) 由表3之測試結果可知,在使用相同催化劑的條件下 ,如實施例12〜15的催化劑同為KAl(S〇4)2,實施例16〜17 的催化劑同為Κ2〇2〇7 ’隨著催化劑的摻量增加,實施例 1〜25所形成CFB飛灰漿體的水化率與抗壓強度有提昇趨勢 201116500 ,且其凝結時間則相對縮短,特別是,相較於比較例1之 純CFB飛灰漿體的結構特性(28天齡期的水化率約29.350/〇 、抗壓強度為20 kgf/cm2 ’初、終凝時間分別為36〇 mins、 1080 mins),實施例1〜25之CFB飛灰漿體於水化率( 45.98〜96.24% )、抗壓強度(44〜350 kgf/cm2 )、初凝時間( 27〜134 mins)與終凝時間(1〇〇〜362 mins)等特性表現上 顯然大幅躍升,因此可證明催化劑的添加,確實能激發 CFB飛灰的膠結能力,有助其充分、快速地水化與凝結, 因而有效強化CFB飛灰漿體的抗壓強度。 再者’從圖3與圖4所示比較例1之純CFB飛灰漿體 的SEM照片可看出’ CFB飛灰水化後,原本不規則塊狀的 硬石膏雖已大致轉變成較緻密的二水石膏,且漿體孔隙較 少,但相較於圖5與圖6所示實施例14之CFB飛灰漿體的 SEM照片,CFB飛灰在KAl(S〇4)2催化下,能更充分地轉 化成二水石膏,明顯使漿體結構更加緻密且孔隙更少,可 證明催化劑的添加使用,確實能改善漿體的材料組織結構 ,以達到較高強度要求。 另外,就不同催化劑的使用結果來看,則屬實施例 12〜15使用KA1(S04)2者,與實施例16〜18使用K2Cr207 者,能發揮較佳的激發強度,使所形成CFB飛灰漿體之抗 壓強度接近甚至高於200 kgf/cm2,尤其以實施例14與實施 例16〜18之CFB飛灰漿體的抗壓強度表現最為優異。因此 ,其他之實施例26〜37所使用的催化劑便一致選用 kai(so4)2 者。 201116500CaS〇4.2H2〇), calcium hydroxide (Ca(0H)2), catalyst hydrate (such as KA1(S04)2.12H20), calcium hydrophobic compound (Ca〇Si〇2_H2〇, referred to as CSH), dance chain water Compound (Ca0-A12〇3_H2〇, abbreviated as cAH), ettringite (ca6Al2(s〇4)3(OH)]2.26H2〇), etc. 'In particular, the catalyst can activate the binder (such as CFB fly ash, cement, hearth powder) With fly ash, etc., it stimulates the cementation ability of φ cement, so that the cement can be hydrated sufficiently and rapidly to form a large amount of hydration products (corpusate type), and these hydration products will be filled in the micropores of the mixed slurry. f, forming a reinforced agglomerated crystal structure network, so that the structure of the slurry is more ambiguous, and then rapidly coagulated and hardened into a cured product (such as concrete) capable of exerting strength. When the mixing process lasts for about one minute at normal ambient temperature, the still colloidal or solidified slurry is further cured to improve the hardness and strength that can be developed, and the curing mode can be based on the future. The use environment of the solid compound is determined. For example, since the cement is a gas-hard material, the solidified material is used in a non-soaking water environment, as long as the slurry is naturally dried and hardened in the brewing environment. ~2 days can be, however, if the cured product is to be used in the soaking water environment in the future, it must be applied for about 2~3 days of natural air-drying and then dipped at a concentration of about 5〇/〇~ 5% water glass 'Kun. In the liquid, it is cured in water for about 7 to 21 days to improve the water resistance of the cured product. After the above-mentioned curing treatment is finished, the cured product is continuously placed in the room temperature to obtain the hydration rate (%), the waste resistance strength (kgf/cm2), the first eight ends 201116500, the condensation time (min), the surface Dry saturation density (g/cm3), drying density (g/cm3) and other tests. As shown in Table 3, in the examples j to 25 of the present invention, the ratio of the binder used in the pure CFB fly ash and the catalyst was ~99 wt%. lwt% to 5 wt%, the water shift ratio. Controlled at 0.50, mainly by changing the ratio of cfb fly ash to catalyst, and the type of catalyst used, to explore the feasibility of resource recycling of CFB fly ash slurry, and at the same time with the comparative routine 'that is not blended The pure CFB fly ash slurry formed under any catalyst was used as a comparison. From the formula (1), the hydration reaction carried out in the CFB fly ash-catalyst/water mixed slurry system, CFB fly ash (expressed as [A0/〇CaS04 + B〇/〇CaO], actually 65 %CaS04+ 35%Ca0) rapidly reacts to form CaS〇4.2H2〇 and Ca(OH)2 under the activation of the catalyst, and the catalyst also hydrates to form a hydrate represented by [catalyst.(n-2m)H2〇] Taking the catalyst kai(so4)2 as an example, the hydrate is KA1(S04)2_12H20. Since these hydration products are filled in the pores of the CFB fly ash slurry, the structure of the CFB fly ash slurry is more dense, and It can be quickly condensed and hardened. m[A%CaS04 + B%CaO] + Catalyst + nH20 —a [CaS04-2H20]+ Stone Ca(〇H)2+ Catalyst.(n-2m)H20 (1) From the test results in Table 3, Under the conditions of using the same catalyst, the catalysts of Examples 12 to 15 are also KAl(S〇4)2, and the catalysts of Examples 16 to 17 are the same as Κ2〇2〇7' as the amount of the catalyst increases, Examples The hydration rate and compressive strength of CFB fly ash slurry formed in 1~25 have an increasing trend of 201116500, and the clotting time is relatively shortened, in particular, compared with the structural characteristics of pure CFB fly ash slurry of Comparative Example 1 (28) The hydration rate of day age is about 29.350/〇, the compressive strength is 20 kgf/cm2 'the initial and final setting time are 36〇mins, 1080 mins respectively, and the hydration rate of CFB fly ash slurry of Examples 1~25 (45.98~96.24%), compressive strength (44~350 kgf/cm2), initial setting time (27~134 mins) and final setting time (1〇〇~362 mins), the performance obviously jumped sharply, so it can be It proves that the addition of catalyst can indeed stimulate the cementation ability of CFB fly ash, which helps it to fully and rapidly hydrate and coagulate, thus effectively strengthening CFB fly ash slurry. Compressive strength. Furthermore, it can be seen from the SEM photograph of the pure CFB fly ash slurry of Comparative Example 1 shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 that after the CFB fly ash is hydrated, the original irregular block anhydrite has been roughly converted into a denser one. Dihydrate gypsum, and the pores of the slurry are less, but compared with the SEM photograph of the CFB fly ash slurry of Example 14 shown in Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, the CFB fly ash can be catalyzed by KAl(S〇4)2. Fully converted into dihydrate gypsum, the slurry structure is more dense and less pores. It can be proved that the addition of the catalyst can improve the material structure of the slurry to achieve higher strength requirements. Further, in the case of using the different catalysts, those using KA1 (S04) 2 in Examples 12 to 15 and K2Cr 207 in Examples 16 to 18 can exert a preferable excitation strength to form a CFB fly ash. The compressive strength of the body is close to or higher than 200 kgf/cm2, and in particular, the compressive strength of the CFB fly ash slurry of Example 14 and Examples 16 to 18 is the most excellent. Therefore, the catalysts used in the other Examples 26 to 37 were uniformly selected from kai(so4)2. 201116500
*水膠比(W/B ) *膠結料+催化劑 0.50 :100% *初凝:指漿體從開始拌和到失去可塑性所需 *終凝:指漿體凝固至能承受特定壓力所需的間 *齡期:指漿體從開始養護至接受測試的時呀間 10 201116500 如表4所示,在本發明之實施例26〜29中’所使用膠 結料是由CFB飛灰、水泥與卜特嵐材料(即爐石粉、飛灰 )所組成,而CFB飛灰、水泥、卜特嵐材料與催化劑的配 比為 50wt% 〜80wt% : Owt% 〜5wt% : 10wt% 〜40wt% : lwt%〜5wt%,水膠比控制在0.50,催化劑是KAl(S〇4)2,摻 量3wt%,於此,是以水泥、卜特嵐材料來取代CFB飛灰用 量,以探討對所形成漿體結構特性的影響。 復由式(1)可知,CFB飛灰、催化劑與水會反應生成 Ca(OH)2,又卜作歲材料(含Si02、Al2〇3 )會與氫氧作約 發生反應,產生結晶狀的鈣-鋁水化物(CAH )(見式(2)) 及低密度膠體狀的鈣-矽水化物(CSH)(見式(3)),因此, 實施例26〜29之膠結料-催化劑-水系統中所進行的反應可由 式(4)表示。*Water-to-binder ratio (W/B) *Binder +catalyst 0.50:100% *Primary setting: refers to the need for the slurry to start mixing to lose plasticity. *Final condensation: refers to the time required for the slurry to solidify to withstand a specific pressure. * Age: refers to the time when the slurry is cured from the beginning to the test. 201116500 As shown in Table 4, in the examples 26 to 29 of the present invention, the cement used is made of CFB fly ash, cement and buck. The bismuth material (ie, whetstone powder, fly ash) is composed, and the ratio of CFB fly ash, cement, buckwheat material and catalyst is 50 wt% to 80 wt%: Owt% 〜5 wt%: 10 wt% 〜40 wt%: lwt% ~5wt%, the water-to-binder ratio is controlled at 0.50, the catalyst is KAl(S〇4)2, and the dosage is 3wt%. Here, the amount of CFB fly ash is replaced by cement and buckwheat material to explore the formation of the slurry. The influence of body structure characteristics. According to the formula (1), CFB fly ash, catalyst and water will react to form Ca(OH)2, and the old material (including SiO2, Al2〇3) will react with hydrogen and oxygen to produce crystal. Calcium-aluminum hydrate (CAH) (see formula (2)) and low-density colloidal calcium-hydrazine hydrate (CSH) (see formula (3)), therefore, the binder-catalyst of Examples 26-29 The reaction carried out in the water system can be represented by the formula (4).
Ca(0H)2+Al203+H20 — Ca0Al203.H20 (2)Ca(0H)2+Al203+H20 — Ca0Al203.H20 (2)
Ca(OH)2+Si02+H2〇 — Ca0.Si02.H20 (3) a[CaS04.2H20]+ ;5Ca(OH)2 +催化劑.(n-2m)H20+ 卜特嵐材料一 (4) a [CaS04.2H20] + Y[CaO.Al2〇3·Η20] + Y[CaO.Si02.H20] + 催化劑.(n_2m)H20 相較於實施例14 (97wt% CFB飛灰與3wt% KA1(S04)2 ),即並未以水泥、卜特嵐材料取代CFB飛灰用量者,實施 例26、28中以水泥與爐石粉取代CFB飛灰,取代量為30 wt%時,因所生成CAH膠體與CSH膠體等水化產物,能使 所形成漿體之抗壓強度與凝結時間等特性上更加提昇。 201116500 範例 膠結料(wt%) 抗壓強度(kgf/cm2) 凝結時間(min) 密度(g/cm3) 齡期 初凝 終凝 面乾 飽和 烘乾 CFB 贼 水泥 卜特嵐材料 1天 3天 7天 28天 爐石粉 飛灰 實施例14 97 — — — 25 73 109 208 28 114 1.60 1.40 實施例26 67 — 30 — 22 68 103 218 30 110 1.58 1.34 實施例27 77 — 20 — 23 66 98 190 28 116 1.59 1.35 實施例28 67 5 25 — 23 73 112 224 25 120 1.58 1.35 實施例29 67 — — 30 20 55 88 183 35 144 1.60 1.42 氺催化劑:KA (S〇4)2 * 摻量:3wt% * 水膠比(W/B) = 0.50 伞膠結料+催化劑=100% *面乾飽和密度:飽和面乾試體單位體積之質量,其體積包含試體内部可透水 | 之孔隙及充滿水之部分 *烘乾密度:烘乾試體單位體積之質量,其體積包含試體内可透水及不可透水 之孔隙 【表4】 如表5所示,在本發明之實施例30〜37中,是進一步 於漿體中摻雜入一骨材,而混拌與養護等處理之控制條件 皆如同前述。其中,膠結料是純CFB飛灰,骨材是CFB底 灰(細骨材)、天然河砂(細骨材)、石子(粗骨材)、土壤( 細骨材),或此等之一組合。於此,就膠結料(Cfb飛灰) 與催化劑(KAl(S〇4)2)二者的配比來說,依然是97 wt% : 3 wt°/〇 ’藉以探討粗骨材或細骨材之添加,對於所形成漿體 之結構特性的影響。 當骨材是CFB底灰時’ CFB飛灰、CFB底灰、催化劑 、摔水量的配比為25 wt%〜45wt% : 25wt%〜55wt% : 〇.5wt%〜3wt〇/〇 : 15wt%〜35wt%。如實施例 3〇 中,CFB 飛灰 、CFB底灰、催化劑與拌水量的配比為3〇 23 wt% : 42.6〇wt% : 0.94 wt% : 26.23 wt%,水膠比為 〇 83。 12 201116500 當骨材是天然河砂時,CFB飛灰、天然河砂、催化劑 、拌水量的配比為 25wt%〜45wt%、25wt%~65wt%、 0.5wt%〜3wt%、10wt%〜35wt%。如實施例 31 中,CFB 飛灰 、天然河砂、催化劑、拌水量的配比為27.32 wt% : 57.75 wt% : 0.85 wt% : 14.08 wt%,水膠比為 0.50。 當骨材是由CFB底灰與石子組成時,CFB飛灰、CFB 底灰、石子、催化劑、拌水量的配比為25wt%〜45wt%、 15wt%〜35wt% 、 15 wt%~35wt% 、 0.5wt%~3wt% 、Ca(OH)2+SiO2+H2〇—Ca0.SiO2.H20 (3) a[CaS04.2H20]+ ;5Ca(OH)2 + catalyst.(n-2m)H20+ Bud material#(4)a [CaS04.2H20] + Y[CaO.Al2〇3·Η20] + Y[CaO.Si02.H20] + catalyst. (n_2m)H20 compared to Example 14 (97wt% CFB fly ash and 3wt% KA1 (S04 2), that is, the CFB fly ash is not replaced by cement or buckwheat material. In the examples 26 and 28, CFB fly ash is replaced by cement and hearth powder. When the substitution amount is 30 wt%, the CAH colloid is formed. The hydration product such as CSH colloid can further improve the compressive strength and setting time of the formed slurry. 201116500 Sample cement (wt%) Compressive strength (kgf/cm2) Condensation time (min) Density (g/cm3) Age of initial condensation, dry surface, dry saturation, drying CFB, thief cement, special material, 1 day, 3 days, 7 days 28 Days of Hearthstone Fly Ash Example 14 97 — — 25 73 109 208 28 114 1.60 1.40 Example 26 67 — 30 — 22 68 103 218 30 110 1.58 1.34 Example 27 77 — 20 — 23 66 98 190 28 116 1.59 1.35 Example 28 67 5 25 — 23 73 112 224 25 120 1.58 1.35 Example 29 67 — — 30 20 55 88 183 35 144 1.60 1.42 Rhodium catalyst: KA (S〇4) 2 * Amount: 3 wt% * Water gel Ratio (W/B) = 0.50 Umbrella Glue + Catalyst = 100% * Surface Dry Saturation Density: The mass per unit volume of the saturated surface dry test body, the volume of which contains the pores inside the sample and the part filled with water. Dry Density: The mass per unit volume of the dried test body, the volume of which contains the permeable and impermeable pores in the test body [Table 4] As shown in Table 5, in Examples 30 to 37 of the present invention, further to the slurry The body is doped with an aggregate, and the control conditions for mixing and curing are the same. Above. Among them, the cement is pure CFB fly ash, the aggregate is CFB bottom ash (fine aggregate), natural river sand (fine aggregate), stone (crude aggregate), soil (fine aggregate), or one of these combination. Here, in terms of the ratio of the binder (Cfb fly ash) to the catalyst (KAl(S〇4)2), it is still 97 wt%: 3 wt°/〇' to explore the coarse or thin bone. The addition of the material has an effect on the structural properties of the formed slurry. When the aggregate is CFB bottom ash, the ratio of CFB fly ash, CFB bottom ash, catalyst, water drop is 25 wt%~45 wt%: 25 wt%~55 wt%: 〇.5 wt%~3 wt〇/〇: 15 wt% ~35wt%. As in Example 3, the ratio of CFB fly ash, CFB bottom ash, catalyst to water mix is 3〇 23 wt%: 42.6〇wt%: 0.94 wt%: 26.23 wt%, and the water-to-binder ratio is 〇83. 12 201116500 When the aggregate is natural river sand, the ratio of CFB fly ash, natural river sand, catalyst and water mix is 25wt%~45wt%, 25wt%~65wt%, 0.5wt%~3wt%, 10wt%~35wt %. As in Example 31, the ratio of CFB fly ash, natural river sand, catalyst, and water mix was 27.32 wt%: 57.75 wt%: 0.85 wt%: 14.08 wt%, and the water-to-binder ratio was 0.50. When the aggregate is composed of CFB bottom ash and stones, the ratio of CFB fly ash, CFB bottom ash, stone, catalyst, and water mixing amount is 25 wt% to 45 wt%, 15 wt% to 35 wt%, 15 wt% to 35 wt%, 0.5wt%~3wt%,
15wt%〜35wt%。如實施例32中,CFB飛灰、CFB底灰、石 子、催化劑、拌水量的配比是27·32 wt% : 19.25 wt% : 19_25 wt% : 0.85 wt。/。: 18.92 wt%,水膠比為 0.67。 當骨材是由天然河砂與石子組成時,CFB飛灰、天然 河砂、石子、催化劑、拌水量的配比為25wt%〜45wt% : 15wt% 〜35wt% : 15wt% 〜35wt% · 0.5wt%〜3wt% : 1 Owt%〜35wt%。如實施例33中,CFB飛灰、天然河砂、石 子、催化劑、拌水量的配比是27.32 wt% : 28.87 wt°/〇 : 28.87 wt% : 0.85 wt% : 14.08 wt%,水膠比為 0.50。 如實施例34〜36所示,當骨材是土壤時,CFB飛灰、 土壤、催化劑、拌水量的配比為 5wt%〜3Owt% : 30wt%〜70wt% : O.lwt%〜3wt% : 10wt%〜40wt%。以實施例 34來說,CFB飛灰、土壤、催化劑、拌水量的配比是5.11 wt〇/〇 : 68.42 wt°/〇 : 0.16 wt% : 26.32 wt%,水膠比為 5_00。 當骨材是由CFB底灰與土壤所組成時,CFB飛灰、 CFB底灰'土壤、催化劑與拌水量的配比為5wt%~30wt% : 13 201116500 5wt%〜30wt% : 30wt%〜70wt% : 0.1 wt%~3wt% : 10wt%〜40wt%。如實施例37中’ CFB飛灰、CFB底灰、土 壤、催化劑、拌水量的配比是5.11 wt% : 5.26 wt% : 63.16 wt% : 0.16 wt% : 26.32 wt%,而水膠比為 5.00。 相較於實施例14所形成CFB飛灰漿體於28天齡期的 抗壓強度為208 kgf/cm2,實施例30〜33顯然因進一步添加 入CFB底灰、天然河砂 '石子等骨材,使得所形成漿體( 類如砂漿、混凝土漿)之抗壓強度普遍有所提昇;而且, 由圖7與圖8所示實施例30的SEM照片可見,其漿體材料 組織結構相較於圖5與圖6所示實施例14者,確實又更為 緻密,以致抗壓強度更好,於此證明以CFB飛灰-CFB底 灰-催化劑-水系統所形成漿體的可行性。再者,以CFB底 灰作為細骨材之實施例30、32,於抗壓強度表現上則優於 以天然河砂為細骨材之實施例3 1者。15wt%~35wt%. As in Example 32, the ratio of CFB fly ash, CFB bottom ash, stones, catalyst, and water mix was 27.32 wt%: 19.25 wt%: 19-25 wt%: 0.85 wt. /. : 18.92 wt%, water-to-binder ratio is 0.67. When the aggregate is composed of natural river sand and stone, the ratio of CFB fly ash, natural river sand, stone, catalyst and water mixing amount is 25wt%~45wt%: 15wt%~35wt%: 15wt%~35wt% · 0.5 Wt%~3wt%: 1 Owt%~35wt%. As in Example 33, the ratio of CFB fly ash, natural river sand, stone, catalyst, and water mix is 27.32 wt%: 28.87 wt°/〇: 28.87 wt%: 0.85 wt%: 14.08 wt%, the water-to-binder ratio is 0.50. As shown in Examples 34 to 36, when the aggregate is soil, the ratio of CFB fly ash, soil, catalyst, and water mixing amount is 5 wt% to 3 Owt%: 30 wt% to 70 wt%: O.l wt% to 3 wt%: 10wt%~40wt%. In the case of Example 34, the ratio of CFB fly ash, soil, catalyst, and water mixing amount was 5.11 wt / 〇 : 68.42 wt ° / 〇 : 0.16 wt % : 26.32 wt %, and the water-to-binder ratio was 5_00. When the aggregate is composed of CFB bottom ash and soil, the ratio of CFB fly ash, CFB bottom ash 'soil, catalyst to water mix is 5wt%~30wt%: 13 201116500 5wt%~30wt%: 30wt%~70wt % : 0.1 wt% to 3 wt% : 10 wt% to 40 wt%. As in Example 37, the ratio of 'CFB fly ash, CFB bottom ash, soil, catalyst, and water mix is 5.11 wt%: 5.26 wt%: 63.16 wt%: 0.16 wt%: 26.32 wt%, and the water-to-binder ratio is 5.00. . Compared with the CFB fly ash slurry formed in Example 14, the compressive strength at 28 days of age was 208 kgf/cm2, and Examples 30 to 33 were apparently added to the CFB bottom ash, natural river sand 'stones and the like, The compressive strength of the formed slurry (such as mortar, concrete slurry) is generally improved; moreover, the SEM photograph of the embodiment 30 shown in Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 shows that the microstructure of the slurry material is compared with the figure. 5 and the embodiment 14 shown in Fig. 6 are indeed more dense, so that the compressive strength is better, and the feasibility of forming a slurry by the CFB fly ash-CFB bottom ash-catalyst-water system is demonstrated. Further, Examples 30 and 32 in which CFB bottom ash was used as the fine aggregate were superior to those in Example 3 in which natural river sand was used as the fine aggregate.
催化劑catalyst
實施例31 0.94 26.23 0.84 實施例32 實施例33 實施例34 實施例35 實施例36 實施例37 *膠結半 *膠結半Example 31 0.94 26.23 0.84 Example 32 Example 33 Example 34 Example 35 Example 36 Example 37 * Cemented half * Cemented half
水膠比 拌水量wt%Water-to-binder ratio water mix wt%
14 201116500 再就實施例34〜37所形成類似水泥漿體的抗壓強度結 果來看’於28天齡期時的抗壓強度可達10 kgf/cm2以上, 若用作為地質改良劑所能產生抗壓強度與效果,理應與傳 統使用水泥作為地質改良劑者相近,由此可知以CFb飛灰· 土壤所形成類水泥系統用作地質改良用途的適行性。 另外’如表6所示,實施例14與實施例38〜4〇則主要 疋在探討膠結料(CFB飛灰)的細度’對於漿體之抗壓強 度的影響。很顯然地,隨著CFB飛灰的細度提高,即比表 面積增大,所形成漿體的抗壓強度有增加趨勢,表示高細 度之CFB飛灰的水化速度相對加快,自我膠結能力較佳。 【表6】 範例 膠結料 催化劑 比表面積 (cm2/g) 抗壓強度(kgf/cm2) 齡期 7天 28天 實施例1 4 實施例38 實施例39 實施例40 CFB飛灰 :97 wt% KA1(S04)2 :3 Wt% 3000 109 208 Γ 4000 135 254 5000 150 288 6000 153 301 氺不膠比(W/B) = 0.50 — 氺膠結料+催化劑+拌水量=】00%, 膠結料:催化劑:拌水量= 64.67 Wt%: 2wt%: 33.33 wt% 就以上各實施例的測試結果可知,在催化劑的活化下 ,能夠激使CFB飛灰快速水化與凝固,發揮極佳的膠結能 力,而成為質優價簾的膠結材料,同時,CFB底灰也能用 作為細骨材以供摻混利用,以致所產製出的固化物能發揮 出約100〜350 kgf/cm2的優異抗壓強度。因此,本發明之循 環流化床鍋爐副產石油焦灰製固化物的製法,不僅操作工 [S]. 15 201116500 法簡單操作成本低廉,還能使CFB _灰變成膠結能力極 佳而具取代水泥潛力的夥結材料,且證明cfb底灰作為骨 材使用的可行性,特別是,本發明之循環流化床銷爐副產 石油焦灰製固化物’不論是純CFB飛灰漿體,或是有摻混 入其他膠結材(如水泥、飛灰、爐石粉)、粗/細骨材(如⑽ 底灰、河砂、石子、土壤)的漿體,結構皆相當緻密而能發 揮優異的高抗壓強度,不但可用作為高經濟價值之類似石 膏或混凝土的新建材,同時還能符合環保綠建材要求或 作為其他更高層次之運用。藉以,便能夠簡單、低成本地 安善處理CFB石油焦灰,並產製出高經濟價值的⑽石油 焦灰製品,達到極佳的資源化回收處理再利用成效。14 201116500 The results of the compressive strength of the similar cement slurry formed in Examples 34 to 37 show that the compressive strength at 28 days of age can reach 10 kgf/cm2 or more, which can be used as a geological improver. The compressive strength and effect should be similar to those of traditional cement as a geological improver. It can be seen that the cement system formed by CFb fly ash and soil is suitable for geological improvement. Further, as shown in Table 6, Example 14 and Examples 38 to 4 are mainly for discussing the influence of the fineness of the binder (CFB fly ash) on the compressive strength of the slurry. Obviously, as the fineness of CFB fly ash increases, that is, the specific surface area increases, the compressive strength of the formed slurry increases, indicating that the hydration speed of CFB fly ash with high fineness is relatively accelerated, and the self-claying ability Preferably. [Table 6] Example binder catalyst specific surface area (cm2/g) Compressive strength (kgf/cm2) Age 7 days 28 days Example 1 4 Example 38 Example 39 Example 40 CFB fly ash: 97 wt% KA1 (S04)2 :3 Wt% 3000 109 208 Γ 4000 135 254 5000 150 288 6000 153 301 氺 No-binder ratio (W/B) = 0.50 — 氺 结 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + : Water mixing amount = 64.67 Wt%: 2wt%: 33.33 wt% According to the test results of the above examples, it is known that under the activation of the catalyst, the CFB fly ash can be rapidly hydrated and solidified, and the gelation ability is excellent. It can be used as a cementing material for high quality curtains. At the same time, CFB bottom ash can also be used as a fine aggregate for blending, so that the cured product produced can exert excellent compressive strength of about 100~350 kgf/cm2. . Therefore, the method for producing a petroleum coke ash by-product of the circulating fluidized bed boiler of the present invention is not only an operator [S]. 15 201116500 The method is simple in operation and low in cost, and can also make CFB _ ash become excellent in bonding ability and replace Cohesive material of cement potential, and proves the feasibility of using cfb bottom ash as an aggregate material, in particular, the circulating fluidized bed pin furnace of the present invention produces a petroleum coke ash solidified product 'whether pure CFB fly ash slurry, or It is a slurry which is blended into other cement materials (such as cement, fly ash, hearth powder) and coarse/fine aggregates (such as (10) bottom ash, river sand, stone, soil). The structure is quite dense and can be excellent. Compressive strength can be used not only as a new building material of similar gypsum or concrete with high economic value, but also in compliance with environmental green building materials or as a higher level of application. Therefore, CFB petroleum coke can be handled safely and at low cost, and (10) petroleum coke ash products with high economic value can be produced, achieving excellent recycling and recycling.
’”示上所述本發明之循環流化床銷爐副產石油焦灰製 固化物及其製法’能以簡單卫法與低廉成本,營造出CFB '…火之同利用彳貝值,使其能成為質優價簾的膠結材料 ’所製成固化物亦已能用作環保綠建材,使cfb石油焦灰 得以有效資源化,故4實能達成本發明之目的。 准以上所述者’僅為本發明之較佳實施例而已,當不 能以此限定本發明膏搞$ 阁 赞β貫施之鞄圍,即大凡依本發明申請專利 範圍及發明說明内容所作之簡單的等效變化與㈣,皆仍 屬本發明專利涵蓋之範圍内。 【圖式簡單說明】 圖1疋一 SEM照片’說明本發明之CFB飛灰於放大 200倍時的微觀結構; 圖2是- SEM照片,說明本發明之⑽飛灰於放大 16 201116500 3000倍時的微觀結構; 圖3是一 SEM照片,說明本發明之一比較例1所製成 純CFB飛灰漿體於放大200倍時的微觀結構; 圖4是一 SEM照片,說明本發明之該比較例1所製成 純CFB飛灰漿體於放大2000倍時的微觀結構; 圖5是一 SEM照片,說明本發明之一實施例14所製成 漿體於放大200倍時的微觀結構; 圖6是一 SEM照片,說明本發明之該實施例14所製成 漿體於放大3000倍時的微觀結構; 圖7是一 SEM照片,說明本發明之一實施例30所製成 漿體於放大200倍時的微觀結構;以及 圖8是一 SEM照片,說明本發明之該實施例30所製成 漿體於放大5000倍時的微觀結構。The present invention relates to a circulating fluidized bed furnace of the present invention, which produces a petroleum coke ash solidified product and a method for producing the same, which can create a CFB by using a simple method and a low cost, so that the same value can be utilized. The cured product which can be used as a cementing material for high-quality curtains can also be used as an environmentally friendly green building material, so that cfb petroleum coke can be effectively resourced, so that the purpose of the present invention can be achieved. 'It is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it is not possible to limit the scope of the present invention to a simple equivalent change of the scope of the invention and the description of the invention. And (4), are still within the scope of the patent of the present invention. [Simplified description of the drawings] Figure 1 疋 SEM photograph ' illustrates the microstructure of the CFB fly ash of the present invention at a magnification of 200 times; Figure 2 is a SEM photograph, The microstructure of the (10) fly ash of the present invention at a magnification of 16 201116500 3000 times is shown; FIG. 3 is a SEM photograph illustrating the microstructure of a pure CFB fly ash slurry prepared in Comparative Example 1 of the present invention at a magnification of 200 times; Figure 4 is a SEM photograph showing the hair The microstructure of the pure CFB fly ash slurry prepared in Comparative Example 1 at a magnification of 2000 times; FIG. 5 is a SEM photograph showing the microstructure of the slurry prepared in Example 14 of the present invention at a magnification of 200 times. Figure 6 is a SEM photograph showing the microstructure of the slurry prepared in Example 14 of the present invention at a magnification of 3000 times; Figure 7 is a SEM photograph showing the slurry prepared in an embodiment 30 of the present invention; The microstructure at a magnification of 200 times; and Fig. 8 is a SEM photograph showing the microstructure of the slurry prepared in this Example 30 of the present invention at a magnification of 5000 times.
17 201116500 【主要元件符號說明】 (無)17 201116500 [Explanation of main component symbols] (none)
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TWI577634B (en) * | 2013-07-08 | 2017-04-11 | 長庚大學 | Calcium Desulphurization by-product Formation Method for Calcium Sulfate Dihydrate |
TWI711595B (en) * | 2019-10-09 | 2020-12-01 | 富元環保開發股份有限公司 | Mortar composition, mortar and hardened mortar |
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TWI577634B (en) * | 2013-07-08 | 2017-04-11 | 長庚大學 | Calcium Desulphurization by-product Formation Method for Calcium Sulfate Dihydrate |
TWI711595B (en) * | 2019-10-09 | 2020-12-01 | 富元環保開發股份有限公司 | Mortar composition, mortar and hardened mortar |
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