201115898 六、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明涉及準諧振（QR)系統。更具體地，本發明提供了用於電 子設備的雙模QR系統和方法。僅僅作為示例，本發明已被應用於諸 如反激（flyback)開關模式電源變換器之類的開關模式電源變換器 的控制器。但是，將會瞭解，本發明具有更寬的適用範圍。例如，本 發明可應用於除積體電路之外的設備。在另—個示例中，本發明適用 於使用QR控制的任何電源變換系統。 【先前技術】 準為振（QR)技術已廣泛用於中高功率水準的電源變換器。這些 電源變換器通常包括各種控制技術，例如，反激技術。傳統的QR系 統可以使能零電壓開關（ZVS)，零電壓開關對於許多高功率應用是很 重要的。另外，傳統的QR系統通過利用寄生器件能夠減少外部器件 的數目。 圖1是示出利用QR控制的傳統反激脈寬調制（pwM)系統的簡圖。 =用QR控制的反激PWM系統100包括辅助線圈用以生成用於QR控制 器的退磁信號DEM。例如’DEM信號指示了如圖1所示的電源變壓器τ 的退磁。另外’系統剛還包括用於生成DC輸入電壓Vin的一個或 多個元件。DC輸入電壓Vin可以是整流線電壓或者功率因素校正 (PFC)級的輸出。例如，將PFC級置於二極體橋和DC-DC變換器之 間以用於某些尚功率應用。這樣的高功率應用可以包括利用控制 的反激電源變換器和/或利用职控制的正激（f〇rward)電源變換器。 如圖1所示’反激PWM系統100與Lleak和Cp的組合相關聯。 Lleak是初級電感Lm的洩漏部分，cp是在m〇SFet S1的漏極處的寄 生電容。 圖2是示出利用QR控制的傳統反激脈寬調制（PWM)系統的工作 機制的簡圖。例如’該傳統反激脈寬調制（PWM)系統是系統100。 如圖2所示’在t0處，PWM開關被使能。電源MOSFET S1 (如圖 1所示）導通。因此，初級電感的電流斜線上升，電源變壓器τ存儲 201115898 能量。 MOSF^i ί ’减電感的電流斜線上制由回饋確定的值。電源 上井。㈣° M_T S1的漏源電麼Vds因為變廢器電流而快速 '堅Vds的峰值由洩漏電感Lleak、DC輸入電壓Vin和反 射輸出電奸確定。Vr等於NxVout，如圖！所示。 1 Ueak 齡5 Γτ處’:刀級電感&的退磁結束，並且開始阻尼諧振。谐振週 多個波谷你ιΐ由和Cp確定。如圖2所示’諸振通常產生一個或 夕個=，，第一個波谷純在t4，第二個波谷出現在行。 /十4=二哲之一處’由QR控制器重新開始新的_週期。如果 ί Γϋt波谷開始新PWM週期，則QR控制器以qr模式工作。 控制器以职返谷）開始新酬週期，則⑽ 因為在這些波谷處，Vds等於零或局部最低點，所以提高了系统 通常會ΐ擇該ίί “處的第一波谷對應於最小的局部最低點，所以 反上具===w系統相比’卿控制的傳統 女善了EMI性能。在沒有pfc級的情況下，由於經過輸入 合里電谷H (bulk capacitor)的脈動（ripple)，所 =的線頻率來調制系統⑽的開關頻率二= 姆現彻 _⑹路保護°例如’在變壓器全部退磁之前抑制雷75 M_T的導_ ，嶋飽和是不鍋。在 工作。其結果是，由變換器傳遞的功率也很低。 數的低頻率 圆3是示出包括傳統册控制器的傳統反激雨系統的簡圖。如 201115898201115898 VI. Description of the Invention: [Technical Field of the Invention] The present invention relates to a quasi-resonant (QR) system. More specifically, the present invention provides a dual mode QR system and method for an electronic device. Merely by way of example, the present invention has been applied to controllers for switch mode power converters such as flyback switch mode power converters. However, it will be appreciated that the invention has a broader scope of applicability. For example, the present invention is applicable to devices other than integrated circuits. In another example, the invention is applicable to any power conversion system that uses QR control. [Prior Art] Quasi-vibration (QR) technology has been widely used in medium and high power level power converters. These power converters typically include various control techniques, such as flyback technology. Traditional QR systems enable zero voltage switching (ZVS), which is important for many high power applications. In addition, the conventional QR system can reduce the number of external devices by utilizing parasitic devices. FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a conventional flyback pulse width modulation (pwM) system using QR control. = The QR controlled flyback PWM system 100 includes an auxiliary coil for generating a demagnetization signal DEM for the QR controller. For example, the 'DEM signal indicates demagnetization of the power transformer τ as shown in FIG. In addition, the system just includes one or more components for generating a DC input voltage Vin. The DC input voltage Vin can be the output of a rectified line voltage or a power factor correction (PFC) stage. For example, the PFC stage is placed between a diode bridge and a DC-DC converter for some power applications. Such high power applications may include the use of a controlled flyback power converter and/or a hands-on control of a forward power converter. As shown in Figure 1, the flyback PWM system 100 is associated with a combination of Lleak and Cp. Lleak is the leakage portion of the primary inductor Lm, and cp is the parasitic capacitance at the drain of m〇SFet S1. Fig. 2 is a diagram showing the operation of a conventional flyback pulse width modulation (PWM) system using QR control. For example, the conventional flyback pulse width modulation (PWM) system is system 100. As shown in Figure 2, at t0, the PWM switch is enabled. The power MOSFET S1 (shown in Figure 1) is turned on. Therefore, the current of the primary inductor ramps up and the power transformer τ stores 201115898 energy. The value of the feedback is determined by the feedback on the current ramp of the MOSF^i ί 'reduction inductor. Power on the well. (d) ° M_T S1 leakage source power Vds is fast because of the waste current. The peak value of the strong Vds is determined by the leakage inductance Lleak, the DC input voltage Vin and the reflected output electric traitor. Vr is equal to NxVout, as shown in the figure! Shown. 1 Ueak age 5 Γτ at: The demagnetization of the knife-level inductance & is over and begins to dampen resonance. Resonance Week Multiple troughs are determined by C and C. As shown in Fig. 2, the vibrations usually produce one or eve =, the first trough is pure at t4, and the second trough appears at the line. /Ten 4=One of the two philosophers' restarts the new _ cycle by the QR controller. If the ί Γϋt trough starts a new PWM cycle, the QR controller operates in qr mode. The controller starts the new reward cycle with the job, then (10) because at these valleys, Vds is equal to zero or the local minimum, so the system usually chooses the ίί "the first trough corresponds to the smallest local minimum. Therefore, the system has a ===w system compared to the traditional female EMI performance of the Qing control. In the absence of the pfc level, due to the impulse of the input bulk voltage H (bulk capacitor) = line frequency to modulate the switching frequency of the system (10) two = m is now _ (6) way protection ° for example 'suppress the lead of the 75 M_T before the transformer is fully demagnetized, 嶋 saturation is not pot. In the work. The result is that The power delivered by the converter is also very low. The low frequency circle 3 of the number is a simplified diagram showing a conventional anti-rain system including a conventional controller. For example, 201115898
圖3所示，反激系統300包括QR控制器31〇。控制器31 〇包括觸發器 塊、UVLO&POR塊、DEM塊、_發生器塊和LEM0CP塊。例如，UVL〇&p〇°R 塊可以向控制1C提供電源，並且DEM塊可以檢測變壓器T1的退磁並 觸發新的PWM週期。PWM發生器塊可以控制初級電流峰值。LEB&〇cp 塊用於前沿空白（leading edge blanking)和過電流保護。如圖3 所示，輔助線圈不僅可以向ic提供電源，還可以提供DEM信號。 利用QR控制的反激PWM系統的傳統技術可能是昂貴且大尺寸 的。因此’高度希望改進與QR控制相關的技術。 【發明内容】 本發明涉及準諸振（QR)系統。更具體地，本發明提供了用於電 子设備的龍册彡統和紐。健料示例，本伽⑽應用於開 關模式電源變換器（例如，反激關模式電源變換器）的控制器。但 是’將會瞭解’本㈣具有更寬的應用細。例如，本發明可被應用 於除積體電路之外的設備。在另一個示例中，本發明適用於使用册 控制的任何電源變換系統。 根據本發明-情施例，關模式電賴換祕包括初級線圈和 次級線圈’她_她置為接錄人輕，次級細與初級線_ 合並被配置為❹織它元件來生成輸出信號。糾，開關 模式電源變換系統包括回饋元件和電壓檢測器，回饋元件被配置為接 收輸出信號並至少基於與輸出信號相關聯哺訊來生成回饋信號，電 壓檢測器被配置為接收輸人電壓並輸出檢測信號。而且，開關模式電 源變換系、统包括模式控制器和開關，模式控制器被配置為接收檢測信 號和回饋域，並至少基於與制健和㈣信號侧聯的資訊來生 成開關信號’開關被配置為接收_信號並影響流經初級線圈的第一 201115898 電流。模式控制器還被配置為處理與檢測信號和第一間值相關聯的資 訊觸該檢龜號和第一閾值是否滿足第一預定標準，處理與回饋 信號和第二___資訊，判__信號和第二_是否滿足 第二預定鮮’並至少基於對第—預定標準是否得以滿足_定和對 第二預定標準是否得以滿足的判定來判斷開關模式電源變換系統的 工作模式技騎細試。料，聊f韻應於開_式電源變 換系統的工作模式。 根據本發明另-個實施例，開關式電，齡統包括初級線圈 和-人級線©初級線圈被配置為接收輸入電壓，次級線圈與初級線圈 搞合並被配置為利用一個或多個其它元件來生成輸出信號。另外，開 關模式電源變換系統包括回航件和電壓檢測器，回饋树被配置為 接收輸出信號並至少基於與輸出信號相關聯的資訊來生成回馈信 號’電壓檢·被配置為接收輸人電壓並輸出檢測信號，且，開關 模式電賴換祕包括第-模式控繼和開關，第—模式控制器被配 置為接收檢測魏和_域，並至少基於與酬錄㈣饋信號相 關聯的資訊來生朗號，關被配置為接_峨並影響流經 初級線圈的第-電流。帛—模式控制器至少包括模式選擇元件和準諧 振模式控繼。模式選擇元件猶置為處理與檢·號和第一閣值相 關聯的資訊，满該檢驗號和第—_是否滿足第—預定標準，處 理與回饋信號和第二閾值相關聯㈣訊，判_回饋信號和第二間值 是否滿足第三預定鮮’並至少基於對第1定鮮是否得以滿足的 判定和對第二預定標準是否得以滿足的判定來判斷開關模式電源變 6 201115898 換系統的工作模式是否為準諧振模式。另外，模式選擇元件還被配置 為.如果判疋工作模式為準諧振模式，則向準諧振模式控制器發送模 式選擇信號以生成與準諧振模式相對應的開關信號。 根據本發明又-個實施例’一種用於確定開關模式電源變換系統 的工作模式的方法包括：由初級細和電壓檢·接錄人電壓，以 及由電壓檢測器至少基於與輸入電壓相關聯的資訊來生成檢測信 號。另外’該方法包括：至少基於與輸入電壓相關聯的資訊來生成輸 出信號，由回饋元件接收該輸出信號，以及至少基於與該輸出信號相 關聯的資絲生细饋健。耕，該方法包括：由模式控制器接收 檢測㈣和回饋域’至少基於與檢廳號和喃信號侧聯的資訊 來生成_信號，以及至少基於與制關鶴棚聯的f訊來影響流 經初級線圈的第-航。聽至少·與檢測健和回號相關聯 的資訊來生成開瞻號的處理包括：處理與_健和帛—閾值相關 聯的資訊’判斷檢測信號和第—閾值是否滿㈣一狀鮮，處理與 回饋信號㈣二雖相__資訊，麟回號和第二閾值是否滿 足第二預定標準，以及至少基於對第—預定標準是否得以滿足的判定 和對第二預定標準是否得以滿足_絲觸關模式電源變換系 統的工作献巧是转顧式。開瞻麟應於開瞧式電源變換 系統的工作模式。 通過本發明實現了許多相對傳統技術的優點。本發明的某些實施 例極大地減小了鮮變化。本發_—些實細極大地簡化了變壓器 201115898 設計。 取決於實細，可財現這錄財的—個衫個。參考以下詳 細描述和_，可喊整親解本發_這麵師各飾加目的、 特徵和優點。 【實施方式】 本發明涉及準諧振⑽）线。更具觀，本發明提供了用於電 子設備的㈣㈣統和方法。僅健為示例，本發明已被應用於開 關模式電源變換n (例如，反激關模式電源變換器）的控制器。但 是，將會瞭解，本發明具有更寬的顧軸。够，本發明可被應用 於除積體電路之外的設備。在另一個示例中，本發明適用於使用颂 控制的任何電源變換系統。 傳統技術具有明顯缺點。例如’如果選擇t4處的第一波谷開始 新PWM週期，並且如果以與^相比非常小’則利用QR控制的傳統 反激PWM系統可能工作於過渡模式，即，CCM/DCM邊界模式，如圖2 所不。具體而言，Ts是從tO到t5的時間段，τν是從切到μ的時 間段。 對於如圖1、2和3所示的傳統反激PWM系統，占空因數由匝數 比、輸入電壓和輸出電壓確定，如下所示。 n_ nV〇utAs shown in FIG. 3, the flyback system 300 includes a QR controller 31A. The controller 31 includes a flip-flop block, a UVLO & POR block, a DEM block, a _ generator block, and a LEM0CP block. For example, the UVL〇&p〇°R block can provide power to the control 1C, and the DEM block can detect the demagnetization of the transformer T1 and trigger a new PWM cycle. The PWM generator block can control the primary current peak. The LEB&〇cp block is used for leading edge blanking and overcurrent protection. As shown in Figure 3, the auxiliary coil can not only provide power to the ic, but also provide a DEM signal. Conventional techniques utilizing a QR controlled flyback PWM system can be expensive and large. Therefore, it is highly desirable to improve the technology related to QR control. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention is directed to a quasi-vibration (QR) system. More specifically, the present invention provides a dragon system and a button for an electronic device. In the example of a good material, Benga (10) is applied to a controller of a switching mode power converter (for example, a flyback mode power converter). However, it will be understood that this (four) has a wider application. For example, the present invention can be applied to devices other than integrated circuits. In another example, the present invention is applicable to any power conversion system that uses book control. According to the present invention, the mode change mode includes the primary coil and the secondary coil 'her _ she is set as the receiver light, the secondary thin and the primary line _ merge is configured to woven its components to generate an output signal. The switching mode power conversion system includes a feedback component and a voltage detector, the feedback component configured to receive the output signal and generate a feedback signal based on at least the feedback associated with the output signal, the voltage detector configured to receive the input voltage and output Detection signal. Moreover, the switch mode power conversion system includes a mode controller and a switch, the mode controller is configured to receive the detection signal and the feedback domain, and generate a switching signal based on at least information related to the braking and (four) signals. To receive the _ signal and affect the first 201115898 current flowing through the primary coil. The mode controller is further configured to process the information associated with the detection signal and the first value to contact the turtle number and the first threshold to satisfy the first predetermined criterion, the processing and feedback signal, and the second ___ information, Whether the _signal and the second _ satisfy the second predetermined freshness and determine whether the working mode of the switch mode power conversion system is fine based on at least whether the first predetermined criterion is satisfied or not, and whether the second predetermined criterion is satisfied. test. Material, chat f rhyme should work in the open _ type power conversion system. In accordance with another embodiment of the present invention, the switched electrical system includes a primary coil and a human-level line. The primary coil is configured to receive an input voltage, and the secondary coil is combined with the primary coil to be configured to utilize one or more other The component generates an output signal. Additionally, the switch mode power conversion system includes a return member and a voltage detector, the feedback tree configured to receive the output signal and generate a feedback signal based on at least information associated with the output signal. 'Voltage detection · configured to receive the input voltage and output Detecting the signal, and the switch mode relay includes a first mode switch and a switch, the first mode controller is configured to receive the detected Wei and _ fields, and at least based on information associated with the reward (four) feed signal The horn, off is configured to connect _ 峨 and affect the first current flowing through the primary coil. The 帛-mode controller includes at least a mode selection element and a quasi-resonance mode control. The mode selection component is still configured to process the information associated with the check number and the first value, whether the check number and the first__ satisfy the first predetermined criterion, and the processing is associated with the feedback signal and the second threshold (four) Whether the feedback signal and the second value satisfy the third predetermined freshness and determine whether the switch mode power supply is changed based on at least a determination as to whether the first predetermined freshness is satisfied and whether the second predetermined criterion is satisfied. Whether the working mode is a quasi-resonant mode. Additionally, the mode selection component is further configured to transmit a mode selection signal to the quasi-resonant mode controller to generate a switching signal corresponding to the quasi-resonant mode if the mode of operation is determined to be a quasi-resonant mode. According to still another embodiment of the present invention, a method for determining an operating mode of a switched mode power conversion system includes: recording a human voltage by a primary fine and voltage, and based at least on a voltage detector based on an input voltage Information to generate a detection signal. Additionally, the method includes generating an output signal based on at least information associated with the input voltage, receiving the output signal by the feedback component, and based at least on a filament thinning associated with the output signal. Ploughing, the method comprises: receiving, by the mode controller, the detecting (4) and the feedback domain 'generating the _ signal based at least on the information linked to the inspection hall number and the nuance signal, and affecting the flow based at least on the information associated with the gate crane The first flight through the primary coil. Listening to at least the information associated with detecting the health and return number to generate the open source number includes: processing the information associated with the _jian and 帛-threshold value's judgment signal and whether the first threshold is full (four) Whether the feedback signal (4) and the second threshold value satisfy the second predetermined criterion, and at least based on whether the determination of whether the first predetermined criterion is satisfied and whether the second predetermined criterion is satisfied or not The work of the off-mode power conversion system is a turnaround. Kailin Lin should work in the working mode of the open-type power conversion system. Many advantages over conventional techniques are achieved by the present invention. Certain embodiments of the present invention greatly reduce the fresh variations. This issue _-the actual size greatly simplifies the transformer 201115898 design. Depending on the actual size, you can make a fortune in this book. Refer to the following detailed description and _, you can call the whole family to explain the hair _ this face each other additions, features and advantages. [Embodiment] The present invention relates to a quasi-resonant (10)) line. More generally, the present invention provides (four) (four) systems and methods for electronic devices. Illustratively only, the present invention has been applied to a controller of a switching mode power conversion n (e.g., a flyback mode power converter). However, it will be appreciated that the present invention has a wider axis. Suffice, the present invention can be applied to devices other than the integrated circuit. In another example, the invention is applicable to any power conversion system that uses 颂 control. Traditional techniques have significant drawbacks. For example, 'If the first trough at t4 is selected to start a new PWM period, and if it is very small compared to ^, then the conventional flyback PWM system using QR control may work in transition mode, ie, CCM/DCM boundary mode, such as Figure 2 does not. Specifically, Ts is a period from t0 to t5, and τν is a period from cut to μ. For the conventional flyback PWM system shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3, the duty cycle is determined by the turns ratio, input voltage and output voltage as shown below. N_ nV〇ut
Vin+rtV0Ul (1) 其中’ V-是輸出電壓’ Vin是輸人電壓，D是占空因數，n是變壓器初 201115898 級線圈與次級線圈的匝數比。另外，D等於T〇n/(Ton+Tof f )。因此， 功率傳遞方程可用下式表示： ~ 2 ^pkf, = 2^m 7^· (2) 其中’ L··是初級電感，fs是開關頻率，Ipk是開關週期中的初級峰值電 流，P。是輸出功率。另外，fs等於1/(;T〇n+T〇ff)。因此，fs可用下 式表示：Vin+rtV0Ul (1) where 'V- is the output voltage' Vin is the input voltage, D is the duty factor, and n is the turns ratio of the transformer's initial 201115898 coil to the secondary coil. In addition, D is equal to T〇n/(Ton+Tof f ). Therefore, the power transfer equation can be expressed by the following equation: ~ 2 ^pkf, = 2^m 7^· (2) where ' L·· is the primary inductance, fs is the switching frequency, and Ipk is the primary peak current in the switching cycle, P . Is the output power. In addition, fs is equal to 1/(;T〇n+T〇ff). Therefore, fs can be expressed as:
(3) 如式（3 )所示’利用QR控制的傳統反激pwM系統具有可變開關頻率。 頻率fs與輸人電壓L、輸出功率和輸出電壓^相關。 圖4是不出對於恆定¥(^在Vin等於9〇ν虬和等於26叭ac時作 為P。的函數的開關頻率的簡圖。Ρο表示負載變化。 斤示260V AC處的匕和9〇V AC處的fs之間的頻率比在整個 負裁範圍内為‘岐。更具體而言，(3) The conventional flyback pwM system using QR control as shown in equation (3) has a variable switching frequency. The frequency fs is related to the input voltage L, the output power, and the output voltage. Figure 4 is a simplified diagram of the switching frequency as a function of P. for constant ¥(^ when Vin is equal to 9〇ν虬 and equal to 26 ac ac. Ρο indicates load change. 斤 indicates 匕 at 260V AC and 9〇 The frequency ratio between fs at V AC is '岐 in the entire negative cut range. More specifically,
1 +1 +
\ 90VAC ~ const.\ 90VAC ~ const.
260VAC (4) 所厂、 出在滿負載下作為Vin的函數的開關頻率的簡圖。如圖5 統n果在一極體橋之後直接跟有利用颂控制的傳統反激剛系 、…變化的細財很大。考細這侧率細，變壓器的大 201115898 小通常變得更大並且更加昂貴。實踐中，由於EMI問題，所以開關頻 率無法太高。例如，fs限於130KHz。 圖6是不出根據本發明一個實施例的利用多模控制器的脈寬調制 (PWM)電源變換系統的簡圖。該圖僅僅是一個示例，其不應當不適 當地限制_要求的細。本賴普通技術人貞將會織到許多變 化、替換和修改《系統6〇〇包括多模控制器61〇、電壓檢測器62〇、 開關630、初級線圈640、次級線圈642、輔助線圈644、二極體65〇、 電容器652和回饋組件。 電壓檢測器620和初級線圈640兩者都接收輸入電壓Vin。例如， 疋整流後的線輸入電壓。在另—個示例中，初級線圈64〇對應於 L»的電感值。如圖6所示，初級線圈_與次級線圈⑽—起形成了 變壓器Ή。變壓器T1對應於初級線圈64()與次級線圈642的區數比 N 〇作為回應’次級線圈642與二極體65〇和電容器脱相組合來生 成輸出用於負載690的輸出電壓。例如，二極體65〇和電容器脱 刀别疋一極體D1和電^ G1。輸出電壓卩⑽也被回饋元件66〇接收， 回饋π件660又生成回饋電壓Vfb。例如，回饋元件咖是隔離回饋子 系統。 如圖6所tf，讀線圈642電雖合到初級賴_和輔助線圈 例如輔助線圈644生成退磁信號臟並將信號麵輸出到多 模控制器61〇。另外，多模控制器⑽還從電壓檢測謂接收檢測 電壓Vd，並伽饋元件_接收回饋電壓〜^作如應，多模控制器 201115898 610確定系統_的工作模式，並向開關咖發送相應的驅動信號。 例如，控制信號閉合或開啟開關63〇。在一個實施例中，開關63〇是 M_T MM_T電晶體S1導通，則開關閉合。如果 MOSFET電晶體S1戴止，則開關開啟。 如上所述以及這裡進—步強調的，圖6僅僅是-個示例，該示例 不應當不適當練繼與求的範I本領域f通技術人貝將會認識 到許多變化、賴和修改。例如’電壓檢測器咖輸出檢測電流id， 該檢測電流Id被多模控制器_所接收。在另—個示例中，多模控制 器610和電壓檢測器620相組合。 圖7疋不出根據本發明一個實施例的作為回饋電壓和檢測電壓的 函數的工作模式的_，僅是，示例，該示例不應當不適當 地限讎輕求的範1本領域普通技術人_㈣制許多變化、 替換和修改。 如圖7所示，多模控制器_使用回饋電壓V,和檢測電壓0 實現對_〇〇啦倾柄二輪制。根縣M―個實施例，系 統600的工作模式按如下方式確定。 ⑷如果VFB高於驗“並且^於間值“，則多模控制器_ 工作於QR模式。 ⑻如果L高於閾值“並且％低於間值“，則多模控制器_ 工__模式。修，在蚊鮮模式下，開_被設置在 在另個不例中，固定頻率模式是連續電流模式（⑽）。 201115898 (C)如果v册·%咖_ w麟侧器_工作 ⑽返送模式，如，QR返送模式是脈衝頻率調制（pFM) 率返送模式。 貝 (d)如果VFB低於閾值vref丨，目丨丨夕 -則夕模控制器610工作於高載模式。例 如’在高讎式下❻⑽·定鮮提供-健衝或1 脈衝。根據-個實施例’每—個脈衝可以接通開_達一時間段。 根據一個實施例，Vd、V f 4 v . , _ re J和Vref-h中的母一個表示兩級閾值。例 如，Vd、VrefJ和Vl^中的每—個對應於兩個遲滯閾值電壓。在另一個 示例中，為了簡化起見’省略了關於模式過渡的遲滞的詳細描述。對 於模式過渡，解财，如果v>vth，賴戰概式A，而如果 V<Vth ’則控繼處於模式B。但是，根據一個例，Vth事實上是雙 級電壓閾值。Vd、V⑷和“中的每_個都可記為Vth。 根據另-個實細，如果v>vth，貞，齡财賴式A，否則，控 制器處於模式B。例如，因為在模式過渡之間存在遲滞，所以過賴 值vth代表幅度彼此接近的兩個閾值水準Vth」和Vth ” ^大於Vth_但 小於Vth_2。Vtu和Vth_2中的每一個均是遲滯閾值電壓。如果V〈VW，則 控制器處於模式B，ffij如s V>H!控制n處於模式A。對於Vthj<v< Vthj：，控制器的模式取決於先前的狀態。 如上所述以及這裡進-步強調的’圖7健是—個示例，該示例 不應當不適當地限制權利要求的範圍。本領域普通技術人員將會認識 到許多變化、替換和修改。例如，多模控制器61〇使用回饋電壓Vfb 12 201115898 和檢測電Id或Nxld來貫現對系統600的工作模式的二維控制。|^是 正整數。根據一個實施例’多模控制器610對檢測電流1()或NxId與閾 值Iref—d進行比較’而不是對檢測電壓％與閾值Vref_d進行比較。 根據另一個實施例，無論是使用檢測電壓1還是使用檢測電流 或NxId來進行比較，多模控制器610都有效地對輸入電壓^與閾 值VrefJn進行比較，這是因為檢測電壓Vd和檢測電流Id各自指示了輸 入電壓vin的幅度，如，如果Vfb高於閾值Vrefh並且Vin高於閾值^n， 則系統610工作於QR模式。在另一個示例中，如果Vfb高於閾值 並且Vin低於閣值Vrefjn，則系統610工作於固定頻率模式。 圖8是示出根據本發明另一個實施例的具有多模控制器的脈寬調 制（PWM)電源變換系統的簡圖。該圖僅僅是一個示例，該示例不應 當不適當祕娜利要求的細。本賴普職術人貞將會認識到許 多變化、替換和修改。系統800包括多模控制器81Q、電壓檢測器82〇、 開關830、初級線圈840、次級線圈842、辅助線圈8私、二極體85〇、 電容器852和回饋組件860。多模控制器⑽包括模式選擇元件88〇、 QR模式控制器87G、固定頻率模式控制器872、QR返送模式控制器 874、高載模式控制器876和柵極驅動器882。 根據-個實施例，系統_與紐_相同。例如，多模控制器 810、電壓檢測器820、開關830、初級線圈_、次級線圈842、輔 助線圈844、二極體850、電容器屻和回饋元件86〇分別與多模控 制器610、電壓檢測器⑽、開關咖、初級線圈.次級線圈⑽、 13 201115898 辅助線圈644、二極體650、電容器652和回饋組件66〇相同。 如圖8所示’多模控制器81〇從電壓檢測器82〇接收檢測電㈣，並 從回饋元件860接收回饋電壓Vfb。作為回應，多模控制器_確定系 統8〇〇的工作模式並向開關83〇發送相應的驅動信號。 例如，模式選擇元件880接收檢測電壓Vd和回饋電壓〜，並選 擇系統應當工作_式。根據—個實施例，基於圖7，從颂模式、固 定頻率模式、QR返送模式和高載模式中選擇模式。根據另一個實施 例，驅動信號按如下方式來生成。 ⑷如果選擇QR模式，則QR模式控制器㈣向柵極驅動器哪輸 出控制信號。作為簡，栅極鶴ϋ哪向關83G發送與QR模式 相對應的驅動信號。 (。）如果選擇固疋頻率模式，則固定頻率模式控制器872向栅極驅 動器882輸出控制域。作為回應，柵極驅動器哪向開關咖發送 與固定頻率模式相對應的驅動信號。 ⑷如果選擇QR返送模式，則QR返送模式控制 器874向栅極驅動 器882輪出控制信號。作 外马回應，栅極驅動器882向開關830發送與 敗返送赋相職的驅動錢。 、 (d)如果獅喊模式’則高麵式控制器 876向拇極驅動器882 \工制^號作為回應，柵極驅動器882向開關830發送與高載模 式相對應的驅動信號。 201115898 如上所述以及這裡進-步強調的，圖8僅僅是一個示例，該示例 不應當不射地關翻要求的細。本領域普通技術人貞將會認識 到許多變化、替換和修改。例如，電壓檢測器82〇輸出檢測電流ld， 該檢測電流Id被多模控制器81〇所接收。 圖9是不出根據本發明一個實施例包括在脈寬調制慨）電源 變換系統中的電壓檢測器和多模控制器的簡圖。這個圖僅僅是一個示 例，該示例不應當不適當地關翻要求的·。本領域普通技術人 員將會認識到許多變化、替換和修改。 多模控制器810包括模式選擇元件88〇、qR模式控制器87〇、固 定頻率模式控制器872、QR返送模式控制器874、高載模式控制器876 和栅極驅動器882。如圖9所示，模式選擇元件880包括電壓比較器 910、920和930以及邏輯元件940。電壓比較器910、920和930也 分別稱為電壓比較器Al、A2和A3。另外，電壓檢測器820包括電阻 器950和952。電阻器950和952也稱為電阻器R1和R2。 電壓檢測器820包括由電阻器950和952形成的分壓器。該分壓 器接收輸入電壓Vin並生成檢測電壓Vd。檢測電壓％被發送給模式選 擇元件880。如果檢測電壓vd高於閾值vreLd，則電壓比較器91〇輸出 僅可使能QR模式、QR返送模式和高載模式的信號912。如果檢測電 壓Vd低於閾值Vreu ’則電壓比較器910輸出僅可使能固定頻率模式、 QR返送模式和高載模式的信號912。 另外，模式選擇元件880還接收回饋電壓Vfb。電壓比較器92〇 201115898 對回饋電耗類值v<h進行啸，電廳對回饋電髮〜 與閾值vre。進行比較。電壓比較器92〇㈣㈣者娜它們的輪出: 號發送給邏輯元件940，作為響應，聰元件_生成信號9仏。 固定 ，則信號942僅僅 ’則彳§號942將僅僅使能$ 如果回饋電㈣高於間值W則信號942僅僅使能QR模式和 頻率模式。如果VFB低於閾值vref_h但高於間值Vref 使能QR返送模式。如果VFB低於閾值Vre 載模式。 根據-個實施例’多模控制器_被進—步配置為如下所示。 (a)如果信號912和942兩者都使能qR模式，則QR模式控制器⑽ 向柵極驅動器882輸出控制信號。作為回應，柵極驅動器败向開關 830發送與QR模式相對應的驅動信號。如果信號912或信動犯不使 能QR模式，則QR模式控制器870 *被啟動，因而驅動信號將不與qr 模式相對應。 (b) 如果信號912和942兩者都使能固定頻率模式，則固定頻率模 式控制器872向柵極驅動器882輸出控制信號。作為回應，栅極驅動 器882向開關830發送與固定頻率模式相對應的驅動信號。如果信號 912或信號942不使能固定頻率模式，則固定頻率模式控制器872不 被啟動’因而驅動信號將不與固定頻率模式相對應。 (c) 如果信號912和942兩者都使能QR返送模式，則qR返送模式 控制器874向柵極驅動器882輸出控制信號。作為回應，栅極驅動器 882向開關830發送與QR返送模式相對應的驅動信號。如果信號M2 201115898 或信號942不使罐返送模式，則QR返送模式控制讓不被啟動， 因而驅動信號將不與QR返送模式相對應。 ⑷如果刪12和942兩她編賴式，躺讎式控制器 876向柵極驅動器882輪出控制信號。作為回應，拇極驅動讀向 開關’送與域模式姉應_動錄如果信細或信細 不使能高載模式，則高載模式控制器876不被啟動，因而驅動信號將 不與高載模式相對應。 如上所述以及這裡進-步強調的，圖9僅僅是一個示例，該示例 不應當不適當祕卿·求的細。本賴普通技術人㈣會認識 到許多變化、替換和修改。例如，與電阻器咖或舰並聯地向電壓 檢測器820添加電容器以對檢測電壓Vd進行清空（士如叩）。在另 一個示例中，向電壓比較器910添加具有反跳（deb〇unce)的某種 遲滞。 圖10是示出根據本發明另一個實施例包括在脈寬調制（p觀）電 源變換系統中的電壓檢測器和多模控制器的簡圖。該圖僅僅是一個示 例，該示例不應當不適當地限制權利要求的範圍。本領域普通技術人 員將會認識到許多變化、替換和修改。 多模控制器810包括模式選擇元件1080、QR模式控制器87〇、固 疋頻率模式控制器872、QR返送模式控制器874、高載模式控制器876 和柵極驅動器882。如圖10所示，模式選擇元件1080包括電流比較 器1010、電壓比較器1020和1030、邏輯元件1040和甜壓二極體 201115898 1056。比較器1010、1020和1030也分別稱為比較器A1、A2和A3， 鉗壓二極體1056也稱為二極體Vclamp»另外，電壓檢測器820包括 電阻器1050和電容器1052。電阻器1050和電容器1052也稱為電阻 器R1和電容器C1。 對於電壓檢測器820，電阻器1050和電容器1052通過節點1〇54 直接連接，節點1054的電壓水準由鉗壓二極體1〇56钳位。如圖1〇 所示，電壓檢測器820接收輸入電壓Vin，並向模式選擇元件ι〇80輸 出檢測電流Id。檢測電流Id被鏡像以生成電流比較器1〇1〇的輸入電 流，該輸入電流等於Nxld。 如果輸入電流Nxld高於閾值Iref_d，則電流比較器1〇1〇輸出將僅 僅使能QR模式、QR返送模式和高載模式的信號1〇12。如果輸入電流 Nxld低於閾值Iref_d，則電流比較器1〇1〇輸出將僅僅使能固定頻率模 式、QR返送模式和高載模式的信號1〇12。 另外，模式選擇元件1080還接收回饋電壓VFB。電壓比較器1〇2〇 對回饋電壓〜與_ “進行比較，龍比麟麵對哺電壓^ 與閾值v⑷進行比較。電壓比較器丨㈣和1Q3q兩者娜它們的輸出 信號發送給邏輯元件誦，作鱗應，賴元件_生雜號麗。 如果回饋龍高於難Vref_h，則錢職健舰QR模式 和固定頻率模式。如果Vfb低於· V—但高於間值，則信號脆 僅僅使能⑽返麵式。如果Vfb·· %，廳號麗將健 使能高載模式。 201115898 根據一個實施例，多模控制器810被進一步配置為如下所示。 (a) 如果信號1012和1042兩者都使能QR模式，則qR模式控制器 870向栅極驅動器882輸出控制信號。作為回應，柵極驅動器明2向 開關830發送與QR模式相對應的驅動信號。如果信號1〇12或作號 1042不使能QR模式’則QR模式控制器870不被啟動，因而驅動信號 將不與QR模式相對應。 (b) 如果信號1012和1042兩者都使能固定頻率模式，則固定頻率 模式控制器872向柵極驅動器882輸出控制信號。作為回應，拇極驅 動器882向開關830發送與固定頻率模式相對應的驅動信號。如果信 號1012或信號1042不使能固定頻率模式’則固定頻率模式控制器872 不被啟動，因而驅動信號將不與固定頻率模式相對應。 (c) 如果信號1012和1042兩者都使能QR返送模式，則QR返送模 式控制器874向栅極驅動H 882輸出控制信號。作為回應，拇極驅動 器882向開關830發送與QR返送模式相對應的驅動信號。如果信號 1012或信號腿不使能QR返送模式，則QR返送模式控制器874不 被啟動，因而驅動信號將不與颂返送模式相對應。 ⑷如果信號1012和1〇42兩者都使能高載模式，則高載模式控制 器876向柵極驅動器882輸出控制信號。作為回應，拇極驅動器敝 向開關830發送與高載模式相對應的驅動信號。如果信號ι〇ΐ2或信 號1042不使能高載模式，則高麵式控制器_不被啟動，因而驅 動信號將不與高載模式相對應。 19 201115898 如上所述以及這裡進一步強調的，圖10僅僅是一個示例，該示 例不應當不適當地限制權利要求的範圍。本領域普通技術人員將會巧 識到許多變化、替換和修改。例如’使用電容器1052來執行可程式 设計軟啟動功能和/或渡波器功能。在另一個示例中，電容器〖ο”被 移除。 本發明提供了許多優點。本發明的某些實施娜大地減小了開關 頻率的變化範圍。本發明的一些實施例極大地減小了電源變壓器的尺 寸。本發明的某些實施例極大地提高了電源變壓器的效率，例如，在 輕負載時。本發明的-些實施例極大地降低了電源變壓器的成本。 根據某些實侧’湘湖的系統具有多個卫作模式。例如， 如果輸入電壓高於預定閾值並且回饋電壓高於另一個預定闊值，則系 統工作於QR模式。在另-個示例中，如果輸入電舰於預定閾值並 且回饋電屋尚於另-個預定間值，啦統卫作於固定頻率模式。 根據本發明的—些實闕’由電壓檢廳檢纖人賴。例如， 電壓檢測器包括分屢器，該分壓器輸出與輸入電壓成正比的檢測電 壓在另個不例中’電虔檢測器包括電阻器，該電阻器的一個末端 接收輸入電麼，^―财端輸她職流。驗測錢與輸入電墨成 正比。 #據本發月的某些實施例，多模控制器使用引腳來接收來自電壓 檢測器的檢測電麼或檢測電流。例如，基於所接收的檢測電屢或電流 以及所接收的回饋電壓，多模控制器奴顺電源變換系統的工作模 20 201115898 式。在另—個示例中’用於接收檢測電壓或電流的引腳也可用於一個 或夕個’、匕功此，例如，軟啟動。在另一個示例中，多模控制器包括 用於執行閉鎖保護等的一個或多個元件。 根據本發明的某些實施例，多模控制器使用二維控制來確定工作 模式。例如，基於回饋電壓和由檢測電壓或檢測電流指示的輸入電壓 來選擇工作模式。 根據本發明又一個實施例，開關模式電源變換系統包括初級線圈 和_人級線® ’她線目她置祕峰人紐，纽、_與初級線圈 輕合並被配置為湘_個衫個其它元件來生祕出健。另外，開 關模式電機齡統包細航件和電驗卿，_元件被配置為 接收輸出信魅至少基於與輸ώ信餘襲的資絲生成回饋信 號’電壓制器被配置為接收輸人電壓並輸出檢測信號。而且，開關 模式電源變齡統包括模式控繼和_，模式控繼被配置為接收 檢敬號和回饋诚’並至少基於與檢測健和回饋魏相關聯的資 訊來生成關信號’開關魏置為接收開隱號並影響流經初級線圈 的第-電流。赋控繼麵配置為處理與細信號和第—閾值相關 聯的資訊，判_檢測信號和第i值是鶴足第—預定標準，處理 與回饋信號和第二閾值相訊，顺該_信號和第二間值是 ^滿足第二預定鮮，並至少基於對[航標準是祕以滿足的判 疋和對第一預疋標準是否得以滿足的判定來判斷開關模式電源變換 系統的工賴献轉準細轉。❹卜，關錢對應於開關模式 21 201115898 電源㈣系、，先的工作模式。例如，根據圖6、7、8、9和/或l〇來實 現開關模式電源變換系統。 私L例巾’第—預定鮮是檢測健在财上大於第一閣 值第-預疋^準是回饋信號在幅度上大於第二間值。在又一個實施 H7模式控制器被進_步配置為至少基於對第一預定標準是否得以 滿足的判疋和對第二預定標準是否得以滿足的判定來判斷工作模式 是否為固定頻率模式。 實施例中’模式控制器被進一步配置為處理與回饋信 號、第二閾值和第三驗相關聯的資訊，判斷該回饋信號、第二聞值 第閾值疋否滿足第二預定標準，並且至少基於對第三間值是否得 以滿足的判絲判斷工作模式是否為準諧振返送模式，其中，準譜振 返送模式不同於準雜模式。在又__個示例巾，帛三就標準是回饋 信號在幅度上小於第二雖並大於第三閾值。 在又-個實施例中，模式控制器被進一步配置為判斷回饋信號和 第三閾值是㈣足第四默標準，獻至少基於對細就標準是否 得以滿足的敏來賴轉模歧錢高麵式。在又—個實施例 中’第四預定標準是回饋信餘幅度上小於第三闊值。 在又-個實施例中，開關模式電源變換系統是脈寬調制電源變換 系統》在又-個實施例中’電壓檢測器包括第一電阻器和第二電阻 器，該第-電阻器和第二電㈣彼此串聯連接，並且檢測信號是電壓 信號。在又-個實施例中’ t壓檢測器包括至少一個電阻器，該電阻 22 201115898 器與钳壓二極體相連接，並且檢測信號是電流信號。在又_個示例 中’輸入信號是整流後的線輸入電壓，輸出信號是輸出電壓，並且/ 或者-個或多個其它元件包括從由二極體和電容器構成的群組中選 擇的至少一個。 根據本發明又-健_ 模式魏變齡統包括初級線圈 和次級線圈，初級線圈被配置為接收輸入電壓，次級線圈與初級線圈 搞合並被配置為個或多個其它元件來生成輸出信^另外，開 關模式電源變換系統包括回饋元件和電壓檢測器，回饋元件被配置為 接收輸出信號並至少基於與輸出信號相關聯的資訊來生成回饋信 號，電壓檢測則皮配置為接收輸入電壓並輸出檢測信號。而且，開關 模式電源變齡統包括第-模式控網和開關，第_模式控制器概 置為接收檢測信號和回饋信號，並至少基於與檢測信號和嘯言號相 關聯的資訊來生成關信號，_被配置為接收開關信魅影響流經 初級線圈的第-電流。第一模式控制器至少包括模式選擇元件轉諸 滅式控制ϋ。赋元件她置為處理無聰號㈣—間值相 關聯的資訊，判斷該檢測信號和第一閾值是否滿足第—預定標準，處 理與回饋域和第二間值相關聯的資訊，判斷該回饋信號和第二間值 是否滿足第二默鮮，並至少基於對第—預定鮮是否得以滿足的 判定和對第二預定鮮是轉以滿足的判定來判__式電源變 換系統的工作模式是否為準諧振模式。另外，模式選擇元件還被配置 為.如果工健式#欺為麵麵式，動轉顧趣制器發送 模式選擇信號以生成與準諧振模式相對應的開關信號。例如，根據圖 23 201115898 ' 7、8、9和/或10來實現開關模式電源變換系統。 在另一個不例中，第一預定標準是檢測信號在幅度上大於第—閾 值’第一預定標準是回饋信號在幅度上大於第二閾值。在又一個實施 例中，第-模式控制器至少還包括固定鮮模式控制器，並且模式選 擇元件被進一步配置為至少基於對第一預定標準是否得以滿足的判 定和對第二預定標準是否得以滿足的判定來判斷工作模式是否為固 頻率模式並且如果判疋工作模式是固定頻率模式，則向固定模式 控制器發賴式娜信號財減@定鮮赋姉觸_信號。 在又-個實施例中’第一模式控制器至少還包括準諧振返送模式 控制器，並且第-模式控繼被進—步配置為處理細饋信號、第二 間值和第二閾值侧聯的資訊，觸該回饋信號、第二雖和第三閣 值是否滿足第三縱鮮，至少基雌第三_是砰以滿足的判定 來判斷工作模式疋否為準諸振返送模式，並且如果判定工作模式是準 谐振返送赋，則向準雜返賴式控繼發賴歧擇信號以生成 與準諧振返賴式姉應的關錄。準諧減賴式關於準譜振 模式。在又—個示例巾，第三預定標準是回_號在幅度上小於第二 閾值並大於第三閾值。 在又-個實施例中，第-模式控制器至少還包括高麵式控制 器’並且第-模式控繼被進—棘置為满回饋信號和第三間值是 否滿足第四預定標準，至少基於對第四預定標準是否得以滿足的判定 來判斷工作模式是轉高麵式，並且如果判定卫倾式是高麵 24 201115898 式’則向高載模式控制器發送模式選擇信號以生成與高載模式相對應 的開關信號。在又一個實施例中，第四預定標準是回饋信號在幅度上 小於第三閾值。 根據本發明又一個實施例，一種用於確定開關模式電源變換系統 的工作模式的方法包括：由初級線圈和電壓檢測器接收輸入電壓，以 及由電壓檢測器至少基於與輸入電壓相關聯的資訊來生成檢測信 號。另外，該方法包括：至少基於與輸入電壓相關聯的資訊來生成輸 出信號，由回饋元件接收該輸出信號，以及至少基於與該輸出信號相 關聯的資訊來生成_信號。此外，該方法包括：由模式控制器接收 檢測信號和回饋錢，至錄於與綱健和回齡號棚聯的資訊 來生成開關信號，以及i少基於與該關信號相關聯力資訊來影響流 經初級線_第-電>7^用於至少基於與檢測信號細饋信號相關聯 的資訊來生成開關信號的處理包括：處理與檢號和第—閾值相關 聯的身訊’觸檢測信號和第—雖是否滿足第__預定鮮，處理與 回饋域和第二驗相關獅資訊，騎回齡號和帛二雖是否滿 足第-預定標準，以及至少基於對第__預定標準是否得以滿足的判定 和對第—預定辟是否得以滿足的判絲躺_模式電源變換系 統的工作赋疋否是準譜纖式。觸信麟應於關赋電源變換 系統的工作模式。例如，根據圖6、7'8、9和/或1〇來實現該方法。 在另個不例中，第一預定標準是檢測信號在幅度上大於第一閣值， 第二預定標準是_信號在幅度上大於第n在又__個實施例 25 201115898 中’用於至少基於與制信號和崎信號糊聯的資絲生成開關信 號的處理包括1少基於對第—預定標準是否得以滿足關定和對^ -預定標準是否得以滿足的判定來判斷工作模式是否為固定頻率模 式。 、 在又-個實施例中’用於至少基於與檢測信號和回饋信號相關聯 的資訊來生成開關信號的處理包括：處理與回齡號、第二閾值和第 三間值相關聯的資訊，判斷該回饋信號、第二閾值和第三閾值是否滿 足第三預定標準’並且至少基於對第三閾值是否得以滿足的判定來判 斷工作模式是否為準触返聰式，其巾，準舰返賴式不同於準 諧振模式。在又-個示例中’第三預定鮮是回饋信號在幅度上小於 第二閾值並大於第三閾值。 在又-個實施例中，用於至少基於與檢測信號和回饋信號相關聯 的資訊來生成_信號的處理包括：判斷回饋信號和第三_是否滿 足第四預定標準’並且至少基於對第四預定標準是轉以滿足的判定 來判斷工倾式是料高倾式。在又—健酬巾，第四預定標準 是回饋信號在幅度上小於第三閾值。 通過本發明實現了許乡崎於傳職_優點。本發_某些實施例 極大地減小了鮮變化。本㈣的__些實❹mA賴化了變壓器設 計。 雖然已經描述了本發明的具體實施例’但是本領域技術人員將會 瞭解，存在與所描述的實施例相等同的其它實施例。因此，應當理解， 26 201115898 施例來限定，而僅僅由權利要求來限 本發明並麵㈣具體示出的實 定0 【圖式簡單說明】 利用QR控制的傳統反激脈寬調制（PWM)系統的簡圖。 的簡f出利用敗控制的傳統反激脈寬調制（PWM)系統的工作機制 出包括傳統QR控制器的傳統反激系統的簡圖。 W ㈣謂V AC時作為 在滿負載下作為L的函數的開關頻率的簡圖。 電源明一個實施例具有多模控制器的脈寬調制⑽) 嫩嶋_瓣峨壓的函數的 【主要元件符號說明】 600 、800 系統 610 、810 多模控制器 620 、820 電壓檢測器 630 、830 開關 640 、840 初級線圈 27 201115898 642 、842 次級線圈 644 、844 輔助線圈 650 、850 二極體 652 、852 電容器 660 、860 回饋組件 880 模式選擇元件 870 QR模式控制器 872 固定頻率模式控制器 874 QR返送模式控制器 876 高載模式控制器 882 柵極驅動器 910 、920 、 930 電壓比較器 940 邏輯元件 950 、952 、 1050 電組器 912、 942 、 1012 、 1042 信號 1080 模式選擇元件 1010 電流比較器 1020 、1030 電壓比較器 1040 邏輯元件 1056 鉗壓二極體 1052 電容器 1054 節點 28260VAC (4) A simplified diagram of the switching frequency as a function of Vin at full load. As shown in Figure 5, after the one-pole bridge, the traditional counter-excited rigid system controlled by 颂 is directly used. The fineness of this side is fine, and the large transformer of the 201115898 is usually larger and more expensive. In practice, due to EMI problems, the switching frequency cannot be too high. For example, fs is limited to 130 KHz. 6 is a simplified diagram of a pulse width modulation (PWM) power conversion system utilizing a multimode controller in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. This figure is only an example and should not unduly limit the _ requirements. A number of variations, replacements, and modifications will be made by the prior art. The system 6 includes a multimode controller 61, a voltage detector 62, a switch 630, a primary coil 640, a secondary coil 642, and an auxiliary coil 644. , diode 65 〇, capacitor 652 and feedback component. Both the voltage detector 620 and the primary coil 640 receive the input voltage Vin. For example, 疋 rectified line input voltage. In another example, the primary coil 64 〇 corresponds to the inductance value of L». As shown in Fig. 6, the primary coil_ and the secondary coil (10) together form a transformer Ή. Transformer T1 corresponds to the ratio of the number of primary coils 64() to secondary coil 642 N 〇 in response to the combination of secondary coil 642 and diode 65 〇 and capacitor decoupling to produce an output voltage for output 690. For example, the diode 65 〇 and the capacitor are detached from the first body D1 and the electric device G1. The output voltage 卩(10) is also received by the feedback element 66〇, and the feedback π element 660 generates a feedback voltage Vfb. For example, the feedback component is an isolated feedback subsystem. As shown in Fig. 6, tf, the read coil 642 is electrically coupled to the primary ray and the auxiliary coil. For example, the auxiliary coil 644 generates a demagnetization signal and outputs the signal surface to the multimode controller 61. In addition, the multimode controller (10) also receives the detection voltage Vd from the voltage detection state, and the homing component_receives the feedback voltage 〜^, the multimode controller 201115898 610 determines the operating mode of the system _, and sends the corresponding to the switch coffee Drive signal. For example, the control signal closes or turns on the switch 63A. In one embodiment, switch 63A is M_T MM_T transistor S1 is turned on, then the switch is closed. If the MOSFET transistor S1 is worn, the switch is turned on. As mentioned above and as highlighted herein, Figure 6 is merely an example, and the example should not be unsuited for the implementation of the continuation of the art. The field of technology will recognize many changes, improvements and modifications. For example, the voltage detector outputs a detection current id, which is received by the multimode controller_. In another example, multimode controller 610 and voltage detector 620 are combined. Figure 7 illustrates the mode of operation as a function of feedback voltage and sense voltage in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, and merely, by way of example, this example should not unduly be limited to the mode of the art. _ (4) Many changes, substitutions and modifications. As shown in Fig. 7, the multimode controller _ uses the feedback voltage V, and detects the voltage 0 to achieve a two-wheel system. In the case of M County, the operating mode of the system 600 is determined as follows. (4) If VFB is higher than the "and the value", the multimode controller _ operates in the QR mode. (8) If L is above the threshold "and % is lower than the inter-value", then the multi-mode controller_work__ mode. In the mosquito-replenishing mode, the open_ is set in another example, and the fixed frequency mode is the continuous current mode ((10)). 201115898 (C) If v book · % _ w 麟 _ _ work (10) return mode, for example, QR return mode is pulse frequency modulation (pFM) rate return mode. (d) If VFB is lower than the threshold value vref, then the mode controller 610 operates in the high load mode. For example, 'in the sorghum type ❻ (10) · fixed fresh offer - health or 1 pulse. According to an embodiment, each pulse can be turned on for a period of time. According to one embodiment, the parent one of Vd, Vf4v., _reJ and Vref-h represents a two-level threshold. For example, each of Vd, VrefJ, and Vl^ corresponds to two hysteresis threshold voltages. In another example, a detailed description of the hysteresis of the mode transition is omitted for the sake of simplicity. For the mode transition, the solution is saved, if v>vth, the general formula A, and if V<Vth ’ then the control is in mode B. However, according to one example, Vth is actually a two-level voltage threshold. Each of Vd, V(4), and "may be recorded as Vth. According to another actual, if v>vth,贞, age is dependent on A, otherwise, the controller is in mode B. For example, because of the mode transition There is a hysteresis between them, so the over-valued value vth represents two threshold levels Vth" and Vth" that are close to each other in amplitude. The value is greater than Vth_ but less than Vth_2. Each of Vtu and Vth_2 is a hysteresis threshold voltage. If V < VW Then, the controller is in mode B, ffij such as s V > H! control n is in mode A. For Vthj < v < Vthj:, the mode of the controller depends on the previous state. As mentioned above and emphasized here - Figure 7 is an example that should not unduly limit the scope of the claims. Those skilled in the art will recognize many variations, substitutions, and modifications. For example, the multimode controller 61 uses the feedback voltage Vfb 12 201115898 and detection power Id or Nxld to achieve two-dimensional control of the operating mode of system 600. |^ is a positive integer. According to one embodiment, multimode controller 610 performs detection current 1() or NxId and threshold Iref-d. Compare ' instead of detecting electricity % is compared with the threshold Vref_d. According to another embodiment, whether using the sense voltage 1 or the sense current or NxId for comparison, the multimode controller 610 effectively compares the input voltage ^ with the threshold VrefJn because The detection voltage Vd and the detection current Id each indicate the magnitude of the input voltage vin, eg, if Vfb is above the threshold Vrefh and Vin is above the threshold ^n, the system 610 operates in the QR mode. In another example, if Vfb is higher than The threshold and Vin are below the threshold value Vrefjn, then the system 610 operates in a fixed frequency mode.Figure 8 is a simplified diagram showing a pulse width modulation (PWM) power conversion system with a multimode controller in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention. This figure is only an example, and the example should not be unreasonable to the requirements of the secret. The Rebecian staff will recognize many changes, replacements, and modifications. System 800 includes a multimode controller 81Q, voltage detector 82〇, switch 830, primary coil 840, secondary coil 842, auxiliary coil 8 private, diode 85〇, capacitor 852 and feedback component 860. Multimode controller (10) includes mode selection Element 88, QR mode controller 87G, fixed frequency mode controller 872, QR return mode controller 874, high load mode controller 876, and gate driver 882. According to one embodiment, system_ is the same as New_. For example, the multimode controller 810, the voltage detector 820, the switch 830, the primary coil _, the secondary coil 842, the auxiliary coil 844, the diode 850, the capacitor 屻, and the feedback element 86 〇 are respectively connected to the multimode controller 610, voltage The detector (10), switch coffee, primary coil, secondary coil (10), 13 201115898 auxiliary coil 644, diode 650, capacitor 652 and feedback assembly 66 are identical. As shown in Fig. 8, the multimode controller 81 receives the detection power (4) from the voltage detector 82, and receives the feedback voltage Vfb from the feedback element 860. In response, the multimode controller _ determines the operating mode of the system 8 并 and sends a corresponding drive signal to the switch 83 。. For example, mode selection component 880 receives detection voltage Vd and feedback voltage ~ and selects that the system should operate. According to an embodiment, based on Fig. 7, the mode is selected from the 颂 mode, the fixed frequency mode, the QR return mode, and the high load mode. According to another embodiment, the drive signal is generated as follows. (4) If the QR mode is selected, the QR mode controller (4) outputs a control signal to the gate driver. As a simple, the gate crane sends a drive signal corresponding to the QR mode to the 83G. ()) If the fixed frequency mode is selected, the fixed frequency mode controller 872 outputs a control domain to the gate driver 882. In response, the gate driver transmits a drive signal corresponding to the fixed frequency mode to the switch. (4) If the QR return mode is selected, the QR return mode controller 874 rotates the control signal to the gate driver 882. In response to the external horse, the gate driver 882 sends the driver 830 to the switch 830 for the driver's money. (d) In the case of the lion shouting mode ‘the high-side controller 876 responds to the thumb-actuator 882 \ working system number, the gate driver 882 sends a driving signal corresponding to the high-load mode to the switch 830. 201115898 As mentioned above and highlighted here, Figure 8 is only an example, and the example should not be turned off. Many variations, alternatives, and modifications will be apparent to those skilled in the art. For example, the voltage detector 82 outputs a detection current ld which is received by the multimode controller 81. Figure 9 is a simplified diagram of a voltage detector and a multimode controller included in a pulse width modulation power conversion system in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. This diagram is only an example, and the example should not unduly shut down the requirements. Many variations, alternatives, and modifications will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. The multimode controller 810 includes a mode selection component 88A, a qR mode controller 87A, a fixed frequency mode controller 872, a QR return mode controller 874, a high load mode controller 876, and a gate driver 882. As shown in FIG. 9, mode select component 880 includes voltage comparators 910, 920, and 930 and logic component 940. Voltage comparators 910, 920, and 930 are also referred to as voltage comparators A1, A2, and A3, respectively. Additionally, voltage detector 820 includes resistors 950 and 952. Resistors 950 and 952 are also referred to as resistors R1 and R2. Voltage detector 820 includes a voltage divider formed by resistors 950 and 952. The voltage divider receives the input voltage Vin and generates a detection voltage Vd. The detected voltage % is sent to the mode selection element 880. If the detection voltage vd is higher than the threshold vreLd, the voltage comparator 91 outputs a signal 912 that only enables the QR mode, the QR return mode, and the high load mode. If the sense voltage Vd is below the threshold Vreu', the voltage comparator 910 outputs a signal 912 that only enables the fixed frequency mode, the QR return mode, and the high load mode. Additionally, mode selection component 880 also receives feedback voltage Vfb. The voltage comparator 92〇 201115898 performs a whistle on the feedback power consumption class value v<h, and the electric office sends back the feedback to the threshold vre. Compare. The voltage comparators 92 (4) (4) are their rounds: the number is sent to the logic element 940, in response, the smart element_generating signal 9仏. Fixed, then signal 942 only ’ then §§ 942 will only enable $. If feedback (4) is higher than the inter-value W, then signal 942 only enables the QR mode and the frequency mode. If VFB is below the threshold vref_h but above the interval Vref, the QR return mode is enabled. If VFB is below the threshold Vre mode. According to the embodiment, the multi-mode controller is configured to be as follows. (a) If both signals 912 and 942 enable the qR mode, the QR mode controller (10) outputs a control signal to the gate driver 882. In response, the gate driver defeat switch 830 transmits a drive signal corresponding to the QR mode. If the signal 912 or the messenger does not enable the QR mode, the QR mode controller 870* is activated and thus the drive signal will not correspond to the qr mode. (b) If both signals 912 and 942 enable the fixed frequency mode, fixed frequency mode controller 872 outputs a control signal to gate driver 882. In response, gate driver 882 sends a drive signal corresponding to the fixed frequency mode to switch 830. If signal 912 or signal 942 does not enable the fixed frequency mode, then fixed frequency mode controller 872 is not activated 'and thus the drive signal will not correspond to the fixed frequency mode. (c) If both signals 912 and 942 enable the QR return mode, the qR return mode controller 874 outputs a control signal to the gate driver 882. In response, gate driver 882 sends a drive signal corresponding to the QR return mode to switch 830. If the signal M2 201115898 or the signal 942 does not cause the can return mode, the QR return mode control is not activated, and thus the drive signal will not correspond to the QR return mode. (4) If 12 and 942 are deleted, the lying controller 876 rotates the control signal to the gate driver 882. In response, the thumb-drive read-out switch 'sends to the domain mode' _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ The load mode corresponds. As mentioned above and highlighted here, Figure 9 is only an example, and the example should not be inadvertently detailed. The general technical person (4) will recognize many changes, substitutions and modifications. For example, a capacitor is added to the voltage detector 820 in parallel with the resistor or the ship to empty the detection voltage Vd. In another example, some hysteresis with deb〇unce is added to voltage comparator 910. Figure 10 is a diagram showing a voltage detector and a multimode controller included in a pulse width modulation (p-view) power conversion system according to another embodiment of the present invention. This figure is only an example and should not unduly limit the scope of the claims. Many variations, alternatives, and modifications will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. The multimode controller 810 includes a mode selection component 1080, a QR mode controller 87A, a fixed frequency mode controller 872, a QR return mode controller 874, a high load mode controller 876, and a gate driver 882. As shown in FIG. 10, mode select component 1080 includes current comparator 1010, voltage comparators 1020 and 1030, logic component 1040, and sweet voltage diode 201115898 1056. Comparators 1010, 1020, and 1030 are also referred to as comparators A1, A2, and A3, respectively, and clamped diodes 1056 are also referred to as diodes Vclamp. In addition, voltage detector 820 includes resistors 1050 and capacitors 1052. Resistor 1050 and capacitor 1052 are also referred to as resistor R1 and capacitor C1. For voltage detector 820, resistor 1050 and capacitor 1052 are directly connected by node 1〇54, and the voltage level of node 1054 is clamped by clamped diode 1〇56. As shown in FIG. 1A, the voltage detector 820 receives the input voltage Vin and outputs a detection current Id to the mode selection element ι 80. The sense current Id is mirrored to generate an input current of the current comparator 1〇1〇, which is equal to Nxld. If the input current Nxld is above the threshold Iref_d, the current comparator 1〇1〇 output will only enable the signals 1〇12 of the QR mode, the QR return mode, and the high load mode. If the input current Nxld is below the threshold Iref_d, the current comparator 1〇1〇 output will only enable the signal 1〇12 of the fixed frequency mode, the QR return mode, and the high load mode. In addition, mode selection component 1080 also receives feedback voltage VFB. The voltage comparator 1〇2〇 compares the feedback voltage ~ and _ “Comparatively, Long Bilin faces the feeding voltage^ and the threshold v(4). The voltage comparators 四(4) and 1Q3q both send their output signals to the logic elements诵If the scale is higher than the hard Vref_h, then the QR mode and the fixed frequency mode of the Qianjianjian. If the Vfb is lower than the V- but higher than the inter-value, the signal is only crisp. Enable (10) back-to-face. If Vfb··%, the hall will activate the high-load mode. 201115898 According to one embodiment, the multi-mode controller 810 is further configured as follows: (a) If the signal 1012 and 1042 both enable the QR mode, then the qR mode controller 870 outputs a control signal to the gate driver 882. In response, the gate driver sends a drive signal corresponding to the QR mode to the switch 830. If the signal is 1〇12 Or the number 1042 does not enable the QR mode' then the QR mode controller 870 is not activated and the drive signal will not correspond to the QR mode. (b) If both the signals 1012 and 1042 enable the fixed frequency mode, then the fixed Frequency mode controller 872 The driver 882 outputs a control signal. In response, the thumb driver 882 transmits a drive signal corresponding to the fixed frequency mode to the switch 830. If the signal 1012 or the signal 1042 does not enable the fixed frequency mode 'the fixed frequency mode controller 872 is not Startup, thus the drive signal will not correspond to the fixed frequency mode. (c) If both signals 1012 and 1042 enable the QR return mode, the QR return mode controller 874 outputs a control signal to the gate drive H 882. The thumb pin driver 882 sends a drive signal corresponding to the QR return mode to the switch 830. If the signal 1012 or the signal leg does not enable the QR return mode, the QR return mode controller 874 is not activated, and thus the drive signal will not be the same. The return mode corresponds.(4) If both signals 1012 and 1〇42 enable the high load mode, the high load mode controller 876 outputs a control signal to the gate driver 882. In response, the thumb pin driver turns to the switch 830 to transmit The drive signal corresponding to the high load mode. If the signal ι〇ΐ2 or the signal 1042 does not enable the high load mode, the high surface controller _ is not activated. Thus, the drive signal will not correspond to the high load mode. 19 201115898 As described above and further emphasized herein, FIG. 10 is merely an example, and the example should not unduly limit the scope of the claims. Those of ordinary skill in the art will Many variations, substitutions, and modifications are known, such as 'using capacitor 1052 to perform a programmable soft start function and/or a ferrator function. In another example, the capacitor ο' is removed. The present invention provides a number of advantages. Certain implementations of the present invention greatly reduce the range of variation of the switching frequency. Some embodiments of the present invention greatly reduce the size of the power transformer. Certain embodiments of the present invention greatly increase the efficiency of the power transformer, for example, at light loads. Some embodiments of the present invention greatly reduce the cost of the power transformer. According to some real sides, the Xianghu system has multiple modes of maintenance. For example, if the input voltage is above a predetermined threshold and the feedback voltage is above another predetermined threshold, the system operates in QR mode. In another example, if the input of the electric ship is at a predetermined threshold and the feedback to the electric house is still at another predetermined interval, the control is in the fixed frequency mode. According to the present invention, some of the actual 阙's are inspected by the voltage inspection department. For example, the voltage detector includes a repeater that outputs a detection voltage proportional to the input voltage. In another example, the 'electrical detector includes a resistor, and one end of the resistor receives the input power, ^ ―The financial sector lost her job stream. The test money is proportional to the input ink. #According to some embodiments of the present month, the multimode controller uses pins to receive sense or sense current from the voltage detector. For example, based on the received detected electrical or current and the received feedback voltage, the multimode controller is slaved to the operating mode of the power conversion system. In another example, the 'pin for receiving the sense voltage or current can also be used for one or the other, for example, soft start. In another example, the multimode controller includes one or more components for performing latching protection and the like. According to some embodiments of the invention, the multimode controller uses two dimensional control to determine the mode of operation. For example, the operating mode is selected based on the feedback voltage and the input voltage indicated by the detected voltage or the detected current. According to still another embodiment of the present invention, the switch mode power conversion system includes a primary coil and a _ human-level line® 'her line of her secrets, the new, the _ and the primary coil are lightly combined and configured as a _ a shirt. The components come to life. In addition, the switch mode motor age package includes the fine navigation device and the electric verification, the component is configured to receive the output signal, and at least based on the signal generated by the input signal, the voltage controller is configured to receive the input voltage. And output a detection signal. Moreover, the switch mode power supply system includes a mode control and a _, and the mode control is configured to receive the homing number and the feedback '' and generate the off signal based on at least the information associated with the detection of the health feedback wei. The vacancy is received and the first current flowing through the primary coil is affected. The control relay is configured to process the information associated with the fine signal and the first threshold, and the judgment signal and the ith value are the Hezu-predetermined standard, and the processing and feedback signals and the second threshold are correlated, and the signal is processed. And the second value is ^ to satisfy the second predetermined freshness, and at least based on the judgment that the aeronautical standard is secretly satisfied and whether the first pre-standard is satisfied, the judgment of the switch mode power conversion system is determined. Fine-tuned. ❹卜, 关钱 corresponds to the switch mode 21 201115898 Power (four) system, the first working mode. For example, a switched mode power conversion system is implemented in accordance with Figures 6, 7, 8, 9, and/or l. The private L case towel 'the first-predetermined fresh test is greater than the first value of the first cabinet. The first feedback is that the feedback signal is greater in magnitude than the second value. In still another implementation, the H7 mode controller is configured to determine whether the operating mode is a fixed frequency mode based on at least a determination as to whether the first predetermined criterion is satisfied and a determination as to whether the second predetermined criterion is satisfied. In an embodiment, the mode controller is further configured to process information associated with the feedback signal, the second threshold, and the third test, determine whether the feedback signal, the second threshold value threshold meets a second predetermined criterion, and is based at least on Whether the working mode of the third value is satisfied is whether the working mode is a quasi-resonant return mode, wherein the quasi-spectral return mode is different from the quasi-hybrid mode. In yet another __ example towel, the standard is that the feedback signal is smaller in magnitude than the second and larger than the third threshold. In still another embodiment, the mode controller is further configured to determine that the feedback signal and the third threshold are (four) the fourth silent standard, and at least based on the sensitivity of the standard to whether the standard is satisfied or not. formula. In yet another embodiment, the fourth predetermined criterion is that the feedback margin is less than the third threshold. In yet another embodiment, the switched mode power conversion system is a pulse width modulated power conversion system. In yet another embodiment, the voltage detector includes a first resistor and a second resistor, the first resistor and the first The two electric powers (four) are connected to each other in series, and the detection signal is a voltage signal. In yet another embodiment, the 't voltage detector includes at least one resistor, the resistor 22 201115898 is coupled to the clamp diode, and the sense signal is a current signal. In yet another example, the input signal is a rectified line input voltage, the output signal is an output voltage, and/or one or more other components include at least one selected from the group consisting of a diode and a capacitor. . According to the invention, the _ _ mode includes a primary coil and a secondary coil, the primary coil is configured to receive an input voltage, and the secondary coil is combined with the primary coil to be configured as one or more other components to generate an output signal. The switch mode power conversion system includes a feedback component and a voltage detector, the feedback component configured to receive the output signal and generate a feedback signal based on at least information associated with the output signal, the voltage detection configured to receive the input voltage and output the detection signal . Moreover, the switch mode power supply age includes a first mode control network and a switch, and the _th mode controller is configured to receive the detection signal and the feedback signal, and generate the off signal based on at least the information associated with the detection signal and the whistle number. , _ is configured to receive the switch to affect the first current flowing through the primary coil. The first mode controller includes at least a mode selection component to be deactivated. The component is arranged to process the information related to the value of the non-conformity (four)-interval, determine whether the detection signal and the first threshold satisfy the first predetermined criterion, process the information associated with the feedback domain and the second value, and determine the feedback. Whether the signal and the second value satisfy the second silent state, and based on at least the determination as to whether the first predetermined freshness is satisfied and the determination that the second predetermined freshness is satisfied, whether the operating mode of the power conversion system is determined The quasi-resonant mode. In addition, the mode selection component is further configured to transmit a mode selection signal to generate a switching signal corresponding to the quasi-resonant mode if the tool is a face-to-face type. For example, a switched mode power conversion system is implemented in accordance with Figure 23 201115898 '7, 8, 9, and/or 10. In another example, the first predetermined criterion is that the detected signal is greater in amplitude than the first threshold. The first predetermined criterion is that the feedback signal is greater in amplitude than the second threshold. In still another embodiment, the first mode controller further includes at least a fixed fresh mode controller, and the mode selection element is further configured to determine whether the second predetermined criterion is satisfied based on at least a determination as to whether the first predetermined criterion is satisfied. The determination determines whether the working mode is the fixed frequency mode and if the operating mode is the fixed frequency mode, then the fixed mode controller is sent to the fixed mode signal to reduce the value of the signal. In yet another embodiment, the first mode controller further includes at least a quasi-resonant return mode controller, and the first mode control is further configured to process the fine feed signal, the second inter-value and the second threshold side-linking The information, whether the feedback signal, the second and the third value satisfy the third vertical value, and at least the third female _ is the judgment of the 砰 砰 to determine whether the working mode is the quasi-vibration return mode, and if When the determining mode of operation is a quasi-resonant return assignment, the quasi-reciprocal control is followed by a discriminating signal to generate a record of the quasi-resonant return mode. The quasi-harmonic subtraction mode is about the quasi-spectral mode. In yet another example towel, the third predetermined criterion is that the back_number is less than the second threshold in magnitude and greater than the third threshold. In still another embodiment, the first mode controller further includes at least a high plane controller 'and the first mode control is advanced - the spine is a full feedback signal and the third value satisfies a fourth predetermined criterion, at least The operation mode is determined to be a high-altitude type based on a determination as to whether the fourth predetermined criterion is satisfied, and if it is determined that the guard-tilt type is high-face type 24 201115898 type, a mode selection signal is sent to the high-load mode controller to generate and load The corresponding switching signal of the mode. In yet another embodiment, the fourth predetermined criterion is that the feedback signal is less than a third threshold in magnitude. In accordance with yet another embodiment of the present invention, a method for determining an operational mode of a switched mode power conversion system includes receiving an input voltage by a primary coil and a voltage detector, and wherein the voltage detector is based at least on information associated with the input voltage. Generate a detection signal. Additionally, the method includes generating an output signal based on at least information associated with the input voltage, receiving the output signal by the feedback component, and generating the _ signal based on at least information associated with the output signal. In addition, the method includes: receiving, by the mode controller, the detection signal and the feedback money, to the information recorded in the joint with the Gangjian and the back age to generate the switching signal, and i is less affected by the force information associated with the off signal. The process of generating a switching signal by flowing through the primary line_first-electricity>7^ based on at least information associated with the detection signal fine-pitch signal includes: processing the body-touch detection associated with the checkpoint and the first threshold The signal and the first - although it satisfies the first __ predetermined fresh, processing and feedback domain and the second test related lion information, whether the ride back age and the second meet the first predetermined criteria, and at least based on the __ predetermined standard The judgment to be satisfied and the judgment of whether or not the first predetermined development is satisfied is the quasi-spectral type. The touch letter should be in the working mode of the power conversion system. For example, the method is implemented according to Figures 6, 7'8, 9 and/or 1〇. In another example, the first predetermined criterion is that the detection signal is greater in magnitude than the first threshold, and the second predetermined criterion is that the _signal is greater in magnitude than the nth in another __ embodiment 25 201115898 'for at least The processing of generating the switching signal based on the filament signal associated with the signal and the smear signal includes determining whether the operating mode is a fixed frequency mode based on a determination as to whether the first predetermined criterion satisfies the determination and whether the predetermined criterion is satisfied. . In another embodiment, the process for generating a switching signal based on at least information associated with the detection signal and the feedback signal includes processing information associated with the age number, the second threshold, and the third value, Determining whether the feedback signal, the second threshold and the third threshold satisfy the third predetermined criterion 'and determining whether the working mode is a quasi-returning smart based on at least a determination as to whether the third threshold is satisfied, The formula is different from the quasi-resonant mode. In yet another example, the third predetermined fresh feedback signal is less than the second threshold in magnitude and greater than the third threshold. In still another embodiment, the processing for generating the _ signal based on at least information associated with the detection signal and the feedback signal includes determining whether the feedback signal and the third _ satisfy a fourth predetermined criterion 'and at least based on the fourth The predetermined standard is the judgment of the turn-to-satisfaction to judge that the tilting type is the high-tilt type. In the case of the health-reward towel, the fourth predetermined criterion is that the feedback signal is smaller in amplitude than the third threshold. Through the present invention, Xu Xiangqi's succession is realized. The present invention - some embodiments greatly reduces the fresh variations. This (4) __ some real mA reliance on the transformer design. Although specific embodiments of the invention have been described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art Therefore, it should be understood that the 26 201115898 embodiment is limited, and only the claims are limited to the present invention (4) specifically shown in the actual 0 [Simplified schematic] Traditional flyback pulse width modulation (PWM) using QR control A simplified diagram of the system. The working mechanism of the traditional flyback pulse width modulation (PWM) system using the defeat control is a simplified diagram of a conventional flyback system including a conventional QR controller. W (d) is a simplified diagram of the switching frequency as a function of L at full load when V AC is used. Power Supply An embodiment has pulse width modulation (10) of a multimode controller. [Main component symbol description] 600, 800 system 610, 810 multimode controller 620, 820 voltage detector 630, 830 switch 640, 840 primary coil 27 201115898 642, 842 secondary coil 644, 844 auxiliary coil 650, 850 diode 652, 852 capacitor 660, 860 feedback component 880 mode selection component 870 QR mode controller 872 fixed frequency mode controller 874 QR Return Mode Controller 876 High Load Mode Controller 882 Gate Driver 910, 920, 930 Voltage Comparator 940 Logic Element 950, 952, 1050 Power Set 912, 942, 1012, 1042 Signal 1080 Mode Select Element 1010 Current Comparison 1020, 1030 Voltage Comparator 1040 Logic Element 1056 Clamping Diode 1052 Capacitor 1054 Node 28