TW201114483A - Sorbent comprising activated carbon particles, sulfur and metal catalyst - Google Patents

Abstract

Sorbents comprising activated carbon particles, sulfur, and metal catalyst. The sorbents may be used, for example, for the removal of a contaminant, such as mercury, from a fluid stream.

Description

201114483 VI. Description of the Invention: TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an adsorbent comprising activated carbon plate sulfur and a metal catalyst. The adsorbent can be used as, for example, a fluid stream to remove, for example, contaminants. [Prior Art] The release of harmful pollutants into the atmosphere has become an environment of growing concern because of the potential danger to people's health. For example, coal-fired power plants and medical waste incineration are the main sources of mercury emissions from human-related activities to the atmosphere. Elemental mercury and its compounds such as mercapto mercury are global pollutants. An estimated 48 metric tons of mercury is emitted from coal-fired electricity in the US parent year. A D0E_Energy Information Administration Energy Outlook proposes that when coal-fired power generation capacity is increased, the coal consumption for power generation increases from 976 million tonnes in 2002 to 1.77 billion tonnes in 2-25 years. . However, mercury emission control regulations have not been strictly enforced by coal-fired power plants. A major reason is the lack of effective control techniques at a reasonable cost, especially for elemental mercury control. One technique that has been used to control elemental mercury and oxidized mercury is activated carbon injection (ACI). The ACI process involves injecting activated carbon into the flue gas stream and collecting the activated carbon that has been adsorbed to the mercury using fabric fibers or an electrostatic precipitator. In general, ACI technology requires a high carbon to mercury ratio to achieve the required mercury removal level (>9G%), which is a high cost of bribing materials. High c:

The Hg ratio suggests that ACI effectively utilizes the carbon to mercury adsorption capacity. 201114483 We have now discovered novel adsorbents to remove contaminants such as mercury from fluids. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION One of the present invention is an adsorbent comprising activated carbon particles bonded together by a discontinuous binder; sulfur, in any oxidized state, is elemental sulfur or a compound containing sulfur or a part thereof a body; and a metal catalyst, which is an elemental metal or a compound or a part containing a metal. Another item of the present invention is an ingredient component comprising: activated carbon particles; sulfur 'in any oxidation state, being elemental sulfur or a compound containing sulfur or a part thereof; and a metal catalyst, being an elemental metal or containing a metal a compound or part of a body; an adhesive; and water. Another item of the invention is an adsorbent comprising: activated carbon particles bonded together by an adhesive; sulfur, in any oxidation state, elemental sulfur or a compound containing sulfur or a part thereof; and a metal catalyst An elemental metal or a metal-containing compound or partial body; at least a portion of the sulfur is not bonded to the metal catalyst and/or at least a portion of the metal catalyst is not bonded to the sulfur. Another item of the present invention is an adsorbent comprising: activated carbon particles bonded together by an adhesive; sulfur, in any oxidation state, being elemental sulfur or a compound containing sulfur or a part thereof; and a metal touch The medium is an elemental metal or a metal-containing compound or a partial body; at least a part of the sulfur and/or at least part of the metal catalyst is uniformly distributed throughout the at least part of the activated carbon particle object. Another aspect of the present invention is a process for producing an adsorbent object, comprising: providing a mixture comprising: activated carbon particles; sulfur being any oxidation state, being elemental sulfur or a sulfur-containing compound or a portion thereof; Gold 201114483 is a catalyst, in any oxidized state, an elemental metal or a compound or part containing a metal; and an adhesive; and the mixture is formed into the shape of an adsorbent object. Another aspect of the present invention is a process for producing an adsorbent object, comprising: providing a first mixture comprising: a carbon source; sulfur, in any oxidation state, being elemental sulfur or a compound comprising sulfur or a part thereof And a metal catalyst, in any oxidized state, an elemental metal or a metal-containing compound or partial body; and carbonizing the first mixture under conditions sufficient to carbonize the carbon source; activating the carbonized mixture; The activated first mixture is mixed with an adhesive to form a second mixture; and the second mixture is formed into the shape of a sorbent object. Another method of the present invention is a method for removing contaminants from a fluid, comprising: providing an adsorbent comprising: activated carbon particles, sulfur, in any oxidation state, being elemental sulfur or a sulfur-containing compound or a portion thereof; And a metal catalyst, in any oxidized state, an elemental metal or a metal-containing compound or partial body; and contacting the adsorbent with a contaminant-containing fluid; at least a portion of the contaminant is adsorbed on the adsorbent and thus removed by the fluid . [Embodiment] An embodiment of the present invention is an adsorbent comprising: the activated carbon particles are bonded together by a discontinuous binder; sulfur, in any oxidation state, is elemental sulfur or a compound containing sulfur or Partial body; and metal catalyst, which is an elemental metal or a compound or part containing a metal. The activated carbon particles may be, for example, activated carbon powder, granular structural activated carbon or a combination thereof. Exemplary activated carbon particles comprise an intermediate size of from 1 to 100 microns. Sulfur may include all oxidized sulfur elements including elemental sulphur (〇), sulphate (+6), sulfite (+4), and sulfide (-2). Thus, sulfur includes sulfur in any oxidized state, such as elemental sulfur or sulfur contained in a compound or a part. The amount of sulfur present in the catalyst can be selected based on the presence of a particular gold layer catalyst, the application of the adsorbent, and the need for the adsorbent to remove contaminant capacity and efficiency. In some embodiments, the adsorbent comprises from 1% to 2% by weight sulfur, or from 1% to 15%, from 3% to 8%, from 2% to 1%, from 0.1% to 5%. Or, from 2% to 5% by weight of sulfur, any other state of sulfur is converted to an elemental state as a calculation of the total amount of sulfur in the adsorbent. The metal catalyst can contain any metal element in any oxidized state, such as an elemental metal or a chemical compound containing a metal or a part of the body in the form of a contaminant (eg, mercury, chromium, erbium, yttrium, yttrium, nickel, yt, Sharp, zinc, copper, manganese, bismuth, silver, indium, bismuth, and code) are removed by the fluid in contact with the adsorbent. Metal elements can contain alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, transition metals, rare earth metals (including lanthanides), and other metals such as aluminum, gallium, indium tin, lead bismuth and antimony. As mentioned above, the metal catalyst can be present at any price point. For example, if it contains iron, it can be +3, +2 or 0, or a different price of 5, but also enough to be metal iron (〇), Fe〇, Fe2〇3, Fe3〇8, FeS , FeCh, FeCh 'FeS〇4 is exclusively present. Another example is that if it contains fierce, it can be +4, +2 or 0, or a mixture of different valences can also be metal manganese (〇), 201114483

MnO, Mn〇2, MnS, MnCh, MnCk MnS〇4 are present. In some exemplary embodiments of the invention, the metal catalyst is an alkali metal such as a clock, sodium or potassium. In other embodiments, the metal catalyst is an alkaline earth metal such as magnesium <RTIgt; In other embodiments, the metal catalyst is a transition metal, like palladium, in white, gold, bell or iron. In other embodiments, the metal catalyst is a rare earth metal, such as ruthenium. In some embodiments, the metal catalyst is in the form of an element. In other embodiments, the metal catalyst is a metal sulfide. In other embodiments, the metal catalyst is a sulfide or oxide of a transition metal. In other embodiments, the sorbent object comprises at least one non-alkali metal, non-alkaline earth metal, and non-transition metal catalyst. In other embodiments, the sorbent object comprises at least one non-sodium, bell, town, about, im, titanium, errone, chromium, town, iron, and/or zinc catalyst. In other embodiments, the sorbent object comprises at least one metal catalyst, aluminum, vanadium, iron, cobalt, copper, copper, or zinc in elemental form or in the form of a sulfate. The choice of the amount of metal catalyst present in the adsorbent depends on the particular metal catalyst used, the application of the adsorbent used, and the capacity and efficiency of the adsorbent to remove the contaminant. In a particular embodiment, the metal catalyst content ranges from 1% to 25% by weight, such as from 1 to 20%, from 1 to 15%, from 2 to 18%, from 3 to 10%, from 3 to 5%. From 5 to 15%, from 5 to 10% by weight of the adsorbent. The weight ratio of the metal catalyst is calculated based on the elemental metal, and any other state is converted to the element state as the calculation of the total amount of the metal catalyst in the relevant material. The presence of an inorganic binder such as an inorganic binder compound in 201101483 is not considered to be a metal catalyst and a percentage of the weight of the metal catalyst. The level of sulfur or metal catalyst can be determined using any suitable technique, such as mass spectrometry and LEC0 analysis (for sulfur). In some embodiments, the metal catalyst can act to promote the removal of contaminants from the fluid in contact with the adsorbent by one or more of the underlying modes of action: temporary or permanent chemical adsorption of (丨) contaminants (eg, by covalent and/or Or ionic bonding); (ii) temporary or permanent physical adsorption of contaminants; (iii) reaction/adsorption of catalytic contaminants with other components of the adsorbent; (iv) catalytic reaction of contaminants with the surrounding atmosphere, and One form is transformed into another; (v) capturing contaminants that have been adsorbed by other components of the adsorbent object; and (vi) assisting in the transfer of contaminants to the active adsorption site. In the adsorbent embodiment and any other embodiments of the present invention, at least a portion of the sulfur, a portion of the metal catalyst, or both of the states can be chemically recorded, mercury, chromium, er, yt, yt, recorded, Start, 鈒, zinc, copper, manganese, bismuth, silver, Ming, Zhong, and Shixi bond. For example, at least a portion of the sulfur state can be chemically bonded to mercury. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the metal catalyst is chemically bonded to at least a portion of the sulfur. "At least a portion" in this and other sections refers to some or all of the materials illustrated. Thus, in these embodiments, some or all of the metal catalyst in the adsorbent can be chemically bonded to the adsorbent. Some or all of the sulfur. In addition, in some embodiments, at least a portion of the sulfur can be chemically bonded to some or all of the carbon in the activated carbon particles. 201114483 When the metal catalyst is chemically bonded to sulfur, in some The adsorbent in the examples comprises metal sulfides. Exemplary metal sulfides include bells, copper, bismuth molybdenum, or tungsten, and combinations thereof. For example, metal elements in metal sulfides are not limited to these examples. For example, metal elements in metal sulfides can be selected from alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, transition metals, rare earth metals (including lanthanides), and other metals such as aluminum, gallium, indium, tin-lead, antimony and bismuth. In embodiments, the adsorbent comprises a metal bonded to sulfur (eg, a metal sulfide), or wherein the adsorbent comprises sulfur bonded to carbon, and the adsorbent further comprises additional sulfur, eg, Sulfur. In some other embodiments, at least cup of sulfur is not bonded to the metal catalyst and/or at least a portion of the metal catalyst is not bonded to the sulfur. The adsorbent of the above-described embodiments further includes discontinuities. Bonding 4 & bonding between activated carbon particles. The so-called "discontinuity" refers to the adhesive as adhesion or bonding of activated carbon particles and the adhesive itself does not need to support activated carbon particles. The form of the matrix. The mechanical strength and durability of the adsorbent is thus attributed to the bonding of activated carbon particles rather than the support of the binder matrix. Figure 1 is an SEM image of an adsorbent in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. Activated carbon particles, such as activated carbon particles 11〇, and inorganic materials, such as inorganic material 120. The image shows that the adsorbent does not contain the adhesive matrix of the ritual granules, however, any adhesive discontinuous form For example, in the form of granules. 201114483 In some embodiments, the total amount of binder present in the sorbent is up to 30% by weight, up to 25% by weight, up to 20% by weight, up to 15% by weight, up to 10% weight Ratio, or Nanda 5% by weight. In some embodiments, this percentage by weight represents the percentage by weight of the organic binder. In some embodiments, these weight percentages represent the weight ratio of the inorganic binder. In an embodiment, the adsorbent of the present invention comprises up to 30% by weight of an inorganic binder. In other embodiments, the adsorbent comprises up to 20% by weight of an organic binder. The adsorbent comprises an inorganic binder or an organic binder. The so-called "adhesive" includes an adhesive and a combination of two or more adhesives each independently being an inorganic or organic binder. Thus, in some embodiments the adsorbent can comprise an inorganic binder and an organic binder, or two or more inorganic binders or two or more organic binders. Exemplary inorganic binders include metal or semi-metals such as the specific oxides of strontium and barium, 'sulfate, carbonate, and phosphate. For example, talc clays such as bentonite clay, and plaster of Paris can be used as inorganic dots. It is scented with a metal catalyst, and any metal element is chemically and chemically impregnated in the inorganic bonding, and the surfactant is adsorbed on the adsorbent of the present invention. The adsorbent may also contain an organic binder. The so-called "organic point gas" does not contain _ when it contains the carbon residue of its compound, such as high carbonization, 201114483. Thus, the so-called "organic binder" specific material comprises the material and the carbonized residue of the material. However, one embodiment comprises an organic binder that is not carbonized, while another embodiment comprises carbonized organic bonding. Exemplary organic adhesives also include organic resins. Organic resins include thermosetting resins and thermoplastic resins (such as polystyrene vinyl chloride, polyvinyl alcohol). Synthetic polymer materials such as age resin or D-fu can be used. An anthranol-based resin such as a furan resin. An example of a suitable phenolic resin is a resol resin. An example of a suitable furan liquid resin is Furcab-LP from Q〇Chemicals Inc. 'IN, US. An exemplary solid resin is a solid phenolic resin or a phenolic resin. Any organic resin binder may be uncured, cured, or carbonizable in the flow-through sorbent of the present invention. In some embodiments, the sorbent does not comprise ceramic bonds. In other embodiments, the adsorbent does not comprise a carbon or activated carbon binder. The adsorbent comprises a cellulose compound. The cellulose compound comprises Wort ethers, such as methyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxybutyl cellulose, hydroxybutyl methyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxymethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, hydroxy Ethylmethylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, and mixtures thereof. An exemplary methylcellulose binder is METH(R) CEL A, by D〇w Chemicai

Company sales. Fan Ship _ Methyl Filament _ Containing Sun Muscle E' F, J, K is also sold by Dow Chemical Company. Also by D〇w Chemical 201114483

Company sales of METHCEL 310 series adhesives can also be used in the present invention. METHOCEL A4M is an exemplary adhesive for use in RAM extruders. METHOCEL F240C is an exemplary adhesive for use in twin screw extruders. An embodiment of the present invention is an adsorbent comprising: activated carbon particles bonded together by an adhesive; stone 'IL, in any oxidized state, being elemental sulfur or a compound or part comprising sulfur And a metal catalyst, which is an elemental metal or a metal-containing compound or a partial body; at least a portion of the sulfur is not bonded to the metal catalyst and/or at least at least a portion of the metal catalyst is not bonded to the sulfur. In this case the adhesive may or may not be in a discontinuous form. The activated carbon, sulfur, metal catalyst and binder can be selected from the materials previously described. Any degree of adhesion of sulfur and metal contacts can be controlled by selecting the appropriate relative amount of sulfur and the metal catalyst used to make the adsorbent and the choice of manufacturing adsorbent processing conditions. Another embodiment of the present invention is an adsorbent comprising: activated carbon particles bonded together by an adhesive; sulfur, in any oxidation state, being elemental sulfur or a compound containing sulfur or a part thereof And a metal catalyst, which is a metal-containing compound or a partial body of the elemental gold county; at least a part of the sulfur and/or at least part of the metal catalyst is evenly distributed throughout the 201114483 at least part of the activated carbon particle object. In this case the adhesive may or may not be in a discontinuous form. The activated carbon, sulfur, metal catalyst and binder can be selected from the materials previously described. The distribution of sulfur and/or metal catalyst in the active carbon particle object can be formed into the activated carbon particle precursor material by, for example, uniformly adding sulfur and/or a metal catalyst in situ. The adsorbent of any of the embodiments described above can be in any suitable physical form. In one embodiment, the adsorbent is a granule, pellet, or planar or tubular structure. In some embodiments, the adsorbent is in monomeric form. In still further embodiments, the adsorbent is in a flow-through configuration, such as in the form of a honeycomb. Exemplary flow sorbents comprise any structure comprising channels, porous network structures, or any other passageway that allows fluid flow through the adsorbent. For example, the flow-through sorbent can be a monomer or a lake of interconnected structures through which the body of money can be opened. The flow-through sorbent can be a honeycomb sorbent comprising an inlet end, the outlet end' plurality of chambers extending from the inlet end to the outlet end, the chamber being defined by the parent porous chamber wall. The honeycomb body adsorbent can selectively include one or more selectively blocked honeycomb body ends to provide a wall-fitting structure that allows the earflow to be in intimate contact with the cell wall. The honeycomb cell density can be adjusted during the extrusion process to achieve the desired physical properties. In a particular embodiment, the cell density of the honeycomb body is about 25 to just small cells per square inch (3.88 to 77.5 cells per square centimeter ί 13 201114483), and in certain other embodiments 50 to 200 cells. / square English is called " (7. 75 to 31.0 cm / cm ^ 2 ), in certain other embodiments 5 to 1 cubicle / square inch (7. 75 to 15. 5 small / square centimeter) ). In a particular embodiment, the wall thickness of the chamber is in the range of 1 mil to 50 mils, such as 10 mU to evil!! In another embodiment, the adsorbent is provided as a coating film on an inorganic substrate. Exemplary inorganic matrices include glass, glass ceramics, ceramics, and metal bases. Some exemplary matrix materials include cordierite, mullite clay, magnesium oxide 'metal oxides, talc, zircon, zirconia, zirconate, vermiculite-spinel, lyophilized salt, spinel; Is soil, deduction, Wei salt, boride, acid salt such as material, her Wei salt, oxidation_stone, long ^, titanium oxide, smelting stone f stone, nitride, boride, carbide and other carbonized dream nitrogen Fragmentation or a combination thereof. The inorganic matrix may be porous, and it may comprise one or more coating films of porous inorganic materials. The inorganic material coating film can provide a surface coating as an inorganic material. Exemplary inorganic coating materials include cordierite, alumina (eg, "Rice and rM"), mullite, fiber, titanium oxide oxygen storage, and oxidized particles, and combinations thereof. The inorganic matrix itself can be, for example, in the form of a fluid structure, such as It is a honeycomb body. The exemplary flow-through structure contains any structure containing channels, porous _-like structures, or other secrets, which allows the flow structure. The inorganic matrix can be in the form of particles, small-domain planes or tubes (four). The surface of the adsorbent may be impregnated to a certain extent by the surface of the substrate, as 201114483 and if the surface of the substrate is porous. The adsorbent of the present invention may be formed by any suitable technique. In one embodiment, the adsorbent object Manufactured by a first process comprising: providing a mixture comprising: activated carbon particles; sulfur, in any oxidized state, elemental sulfur or a compound comprising sulfur or a part thereof; and a metal catalyst, any The oxidized state is an elemental metal or a compound or a partial body containing a metal; and an adhesive; and the mixture is formed into a shape of an adsorbent object. The carbon, sulfur metal catalyst and the binder may be selected from the materials of the above-described contents of the adsorbent described in the present invention. For example, the metal catalyst may be selected from the following: (i) alkali metal and soil-forming metal oxides and oxides; (ϋ) precious metals and their compounds; (iii) hunger, chromium, fierce, iron, beginning, nickel, steel, zinc, sharp, turned, silver, crane, and lanthanide oxides, sulfides, and salts; And (丨v) combinations and mixtures of two or more of (i), (ii) and (iii). Depending on the particular embodiment of the process, the metal catalyst can be selected from the following forms: oxides of manganese, sulfides , sulphates, acetates and salts; (ii) iron oxides, sulphides and salts; (iiiXi) and KI combinations; (iv) (ii) 〇 KI combinations; and / or (v) Two or more (1), (ii), (iii) and (v) chelates and groups

15 201114483 Helium Sulfur may be selected from sulfur powders, sulfur-containing powdered resins, sulfides, sulfide salts, and other sulfur-containing compounds, or mixtures or combinations of any two or more. Exemplary sulfur-containing compounds include strontium sulfide and/or sulfide sulfide carbon disulfide, sulfur monoxide, thiophene, anhydride sulfur, sulfur halide, sulfate, sulfuric acid, sulfamic acid, sulfurous acid 'sulfur acid' dimethyl sulphate ( Sulfatol), amine sulfonic acid, sulfonium sulfonate, sulfuric acid and its salts, sulfites, acid thioacids, diphenyl stone, and mixtures thereof. In some examples, the adhesive contains an organic resin. The organic binder can be cured, for example, after forming the mixture into the shape of an adsorbent object. 5小时。 The curing can be carried out in an air blasting, for example, a, and the heating of the structure from 70 C to 200 C for about 0.5 to 5.0 hours. In a particular embodiment, the object is heated from a low temperature to a high temperature in a plurality of stages, for example from 7 〇t to 9 (rc, to 125 ° C, to 15 (TC' each temperature is maintained for a period of time. This is achieved by the addition of a curing additive such as an acid additive at room temperature. The mixture can be formed into the shape of a sorbent object by any suitable technique such as extrusion. The squeezing can be used as a squeeze extruder (single screw extruder, single helix, Double helix, etc.) and custom extrusion molds to produce adsorbent objects having various shapes and geometric characteristics, such as honeycomb bodies, pellets, rod-shaped solid strips, etc. Extrusion is particularly effective in the manufacture of monomeric honeycomb bodies, which have A plurality of channels for fluid passages. 201114483 Molds of various shapes and sizes can also be formed by injection molding, compression molding, and casting as the forming agent of the present invention, all of which are well-known forming techniques. Rapid prototyping, use of solid free The actual object produced by the form is automatically built and can also be used to form the adsorbent. One of the advantages of rapid prototyping is that it can be used to virtually Produce almost any shape or geometry. Rapid prototyping involves obtaining virtual designs, such as computer-aided design, transforming the design into a virtual, thin horizontal section, and then creating each section of the design in real space, one after the other. One continues until the shape is completed. One embodiment involves obtaining a virtual design of the shaped object, transforming the design into a virtual thin horizontal section, and creating each section from the composition in real space. A rapid prototyping machine An example is 3D printing. The forming object can also be selectively dried and selectively fired. The object can be dried, for example, in an environment of 75-200 ° C. The object can be calcined to give the structure greater mechanical integrity. Exemplary calcining conditions comprise calcining at a heating rate of from 5% to 5 ° C/min, for example, from 5 to 10 hours at from 600 ° C to 1500 ° C. In another embodiment, The smoldering process is carried out in air or a mixture of nitrogen and oxygen at 1100-1300 ° C for 20-45 hours. In another embodiment, the structure can be heated to carbonize any organic viscous The agent, for example, at 60 (TC or higher temperature, and then at a higher temperature to achieve sintering of the inorganic binder material. The second technique for making the adsorbent object comprises a process comprising: 201114483 providing a mixture, the mixture Containing: carbon source; sulfur, in any oxidized state, elemental sulfur or a compound containing sulfur or a part thereof; and a metal catalyst, in any oxidized state, an elemental metal or a metal-containing compound or partial body; Carbonizing the first mixture under conditions sufficient to carbonize the carbon source; activating the carbonization mixture; mixing the first mixture of the activated mixture in the form of particles to form a second mixture; and forming the second mixture into an adsorbent object In this embodiment, formulating a carbon source, a homogeneous mixture of sulfur and a metal catalyst in the first mixture, followed by carbonization, causes sulfur and metal catalyst to be distributed throughout the activated carbon particle object. The activated carbon, sulfur, metal catalyst, and binder can be selected from the materials described above for the contents of the adsorbent of the present invention and the materials described in the first process for producing the adsorbent object. Exemplary carbon sources include synthetic carbonaceous polymer materials, organic resins, charcoal powders, coal tar pitch, petroleum pitch, wood flour, cellulose and its derivatives, natural organic materials such as wheat flour, wood flour, corn flour, peanut shells. Powder, temple powder, coal char, coal' or a mixture or combination of any two or more. 201114483 In the examples, the carbon source comprises an organic resin. The organic resin includes a thermosetting resin and a thermoplastic resin (e.g., polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl alcohol). A synthetic polymer material, #密树脂 or 吱 醇 峨 峨 ’ ’ 像An example of a suitable lyophile is soluble age. Fan Yi is suitable for the material Rina fine is from Q〇

Chemicals Inc., IN, U. S. Fur· Company's Furcab-LP. Exemplary Solid Tree Mooncake is a solid resin or a platter resin. A carbon source such as an organic resin can be selectively cured prior to carbonization. The first mixture can be carbonized, for example, in an oxygen-deficient atmosphere at a high temperature carbonization temperature. The carbonization temperature can range from 6 〇〇 to 12 〇〇 (3c, in the specific embodiment from 700 to 1 〇〇〇. (: The carbonized atmosphere can be inert, which mainly contains an inert gas such as N2, Ne, Ar, a mixture thereof, etc. At the carbonization temperature of the oxygen-deficient atmosphere, the organic matter contained in the object of the batch mixture is decomposed to leave a carbon residue. As expected, a complex chemical reaction occurs in the high temperature step. Contains: (i) decomposition of carbon source materials to leave behind carbon materials; (ii) decomposition of metal catalyst materials; (iii) decomposition of sulfur materials; (iv) reaction between sulfur materials and carbon or carbon source materials; The reaction between the sulfur material and the metal catalyst material; and 201114483 (vi) the reaction between the metal catalyst material and the carbon or carbon source material; the first mixture is further activated. The carbonization mixture can be activated at c〇 2, ω, c〇2 and μ mixture, c〇2 and nitrogen mixture, h2〇 and nitrogen mixture, c〇2 and another inert gas mixture, such as in the air containing C〇2 and/or H2〇, elevated In the activation temperature. The atmosphere may be essentially a combination of pure C〇2 or H2〇 (steam), a mixture of c〇2 and H2〇, a combination of C〇2 and/or h2〇 and an inert gas such as gas and/or argon. For example, using nitrogen. The combination with C02 can save costs. For example, a mixture of C〇2 and nitrogen can be used, and the C〇2 content is less than 2% or more. Usually, a mixture of c〇2 and nitrogen can be used in a C-50 content of 5-50%. To reduce processing costs. The activation temperature can be in the range of 600. (: to 1000, in the specific embodiment 600X: to 90 (TC.) During this step, the carbonaceous structure of the partially carbonized batch mixture will be slightly Oxidation: C〇2(g) + C(s) —> 2C0 (g) H2〇(g) + C(s) -> H2(g) + CO(g) causes etching of the structure of the carbon-containing object, An activated carbon matrix is formed in which a plurality of pores of nanometer size and micrometer size are defined. The activation conditions (time, temperature and atmosphere) can be adjusted to produce a final product having a desired specific area and composition. A mixture is not in particulate form and the mixture can be ground or processed to form granules. In some embodiments, the mixture The first mixture of the binder to make the second mixture is an organic resin. The organic resin 20 201114483 is cured after forming the mixture into the shape of the adsorbent object. The curing can be carried out according to the previously described treatment process. Any suitable technique is formed, for example, by extrusion into the shape of an adsorbent object. The formed object is also dried and optionally calcined under previously detailed conditions. The adsorbent object of the present invention can be formulated by any other suitable technique. The adsorbent of the present invention can be sprayed onto an object formed by bonding activated carbon particles by dipping coating or by using a solution or suspension of a suitable sulfur and/or catalytic metal. The mixture formed into the adsorbent object of the present invention can be a component of the ingredient form, comprising: activated carbon particles; sulfur, in any oxidation state, elemental sulfur or a compound containing sulfur or a part thereof; The medium, for any oxidized state, is an elemental metal or a compound or part comprising a metal; and an adhesive; and water. The ingredient component can be, for example, a slurry or a paste. The mixture formed as an adsorbent object in the above-described method may optionally further comprise a shaping aid. Exemplary forming aids include, fertilizers 21 201114483 fatty acids such as oleic acid, linoleic acid, and the like, polyoxyethylene stearic acid, and the like, and combinations thereof. Other additives which can be used to improve the extrusion and curing characteristics of the ingredients are phosphoric acid and oil. Examples of oils that may be used include petroleum having a molecular weight of from about 250 to about 1000, including paraffin and/or aromatic and/or alicyclic compounds. Some of the available oils are 3M Co.'s three-in-one oil, or three-in-one household oils from Reckin and Coleman Inc., Wayne, N.J. Other useful oils include synthetic oils based on poly(2 olefins), esters, polyether synthetic refrigerator oils, polybutenes, terpene resins, polyether ethers, chlorotrifluoroethylene, and other commercially available oils. . Vegetable oils such as sunflower oil, sesame oil, peanut oil and the like can also be used. Adsorbent objects containing activated carbon particles, sulfur, and metal catalysts can be used to adsorb contaminants from fluids. Thus, a still further embodiment of the present invention is a method of removing contaminants from a fluid, comprising: providing an adsorbent comprising: activated carbon particles, sulfur 'in any oxidized state, being elemental sulfur or a compound or part comprising sulfur And a metal catalyst, in any oxidized state, an elemental metal or a metal-containing compound or partial body; and contacting the adsorbent with a fluid containing the contaminant; wherein at least a portion of the contaminant is adsorbed on the adsorbent and thus Fluid Removal 22 201114483 Divide 0 The exemplary adsorbent comprises any adsorbent as in the previously described embodiments. For example, the fluid can contact the adsorbent object, such as by an adsorbent, such as a honeycomb body, to remove contaminants from the fluid. The fluid can be in the form of a gas or a liquid. The gas or liquid may comprise another phase, such as a solid particle in a gas or liquid stream, or a droplet of liquid in a gas stream. Exemplary gas streams include coal-fired flue gas (e.g., from bituminous and sub-bituminous coal, or lignite), and syngas streams produced during coal gasification. "Adsorption V' Absorption", and π is adsorbed" These terms represent trace amounts of contamination on the attached agent through physical, chemical, or physical and chemical adsorption, absorption, or other retention. The adsorbed contaminants include, for example, a 3% by weight or less contaminant such as 2% by weight or less, or 1% by weight or less in the liquid stream. Contaminants may also contain, for example, 10,000 micrograms per cubic meter of liquid stream or smaller contaminants. Exemplary contaminants include metals including toxic metals. The term "metal" and any reference to a particular metal or other contaminated name include the elemental form of a particular metal or other trace contaminant and the state of oxidation. Adsorption of metals or other contaminants thus includes the adsorption of metal elements or other contaminants as well as any organic or inorganic compounds or components comprising metals or other contaminants. Exemplary metals that can be adsorbed include cadmium, mercury, chromium, lead, antimony, bismuth, and package 23 201114483 Compounds or components containing these elements. In one embodiment the metal is elemental (HgO) or mercury in an oxidized state (Hg+ or Hg2+). Examples of oxidized forms of mercury include HgO and halohalides such as Hg£l2 and HgCL. Examples of other metal micro-contaminations include, recording, beginning, bismuth, zinc, copper, fierce, recording, silver, and sharp, and organic or inorganic compounds or components containing them. Other contaminants include elements and gods of any oxidative state, and habitats, including organic or inorganic compounds or compositions containing bells or ticks. The contaminant can be any phase that can be adsorbed onto the adsorbent object. Thus, contaminants can be present, for example, as a liquid in a gas stream, or as a liquid in a liquid stream. Alternatively, the contaminant can be present as a gas phase contamination in the gas or liquid stream. In one embodiment, the micro-contamination is mercury vapor in the flue gas or syngas stream of coal combustion. The invention is further illustrated by reference to the following non-limiting examples. Example 1: In terms of weight percent, 51% activated carbon, 6% sulfur powder, 6% oxidized bell powder, 30% talc, 6% thiol cellulose, and 1% sodium stearate were mixed as lubricants with water for grinding. In the device. The mixture was extruded into a 100/17 honeycomb body. The honeycomb body was further calcined to 1000 ° C in nitrogen. From this form of ingredients, a very good quality honeycomb body is obtained. Example 2: In this example, a phenol resin is used as an organic binder to form an extrudate

Uj 24 201114483 Body. Expressed in weight percent, containing 61% activated carbon, 6% sulfur powder, 6% oxidized mins, 30% talc, 6% methylcellulose, 1% sodium stearate, 2% soluble furfural resin The components are mixed with water and extruded into a honeycomb structure. These honeycomb bodies were dried and cured at 150 °C. When solidified, the honeycomb body can be used or burned to a relatively high temperature to achieve higher strength. Example 3: In terms of weight percent, containing 47% resole phenolic resin, 7% Mn 〇 2, 34% versatile '10% sulphur and 2% oil dried and cured at 丨 5 ° ° C. The ingredients are then ground to a powder (-200 pores, about 1 micron particle size). The powder was carbonized in nitrogen at 900 ° C and activated in 90 (rc c 〇 2). The obtained activated carbon powder was 7% mercapto cellulose, 1% SAN, 1% talc and 7% resin (the rest was active). The carbon powder) is extruded into a 100/17 honeycomb structure. Example 4: Group component 1. In the first technique, the activated carbon powder is obtained in the following manner, expressed as a percentage by weight, mixing 39.5% phenol resin, 37 5% charcoal, 7.1% sulfur, 7.1% Mn〇2, 5. 6% mercapto cellulose A4M, 2.5% oil, and 1% SAN. The mixture is cured at 150 ° C, ground to powder, and 8〇〇. Carbonization in nitrogen gas and activation in carbon dioxide at 85 ° C to obtain a broken powder containing sulfur and a metal catalyst and a surface area of about 850 m 2 /g. Group composition 2. In the second technique, The activated carbon powder is obtained in the following manner, in terms of weight percent, mixed with 45% phenol resin, 40% charcoal, 7.5% sulfur, 25 201114483 7· 5% Mn〇2, solidified mixture, ground mixture to fine powder, and Activated to obtain a powder having a surface area of about 900 square meters per gram. Group component 3. In the third technique, The percentage by weight means that 85 〇/〇 of activated carbon, 7.5% sulphur and 7.5% Mn 〇 2 are mixed and treated in the manner described above in the second technique to obtain a high surface area carbon having sulfur and a metal catalyst. Powders The three powders described above can be extruded into a honeycomb shape, expressed in weight percent, 15% benton, 7% methylcellulose, 1% SAN, and 77°/. Component 1 is mixed with water to make The paste can be extruded. The mixture is extruded into a honeycomb shape and dried at 120. (The drying is performed. The obtained honeycomb body is strong. Some honeycomb bodies are heat treated in 800-9003⁄4 nitrogen. The high temperature heat treatment of methyl cellulose And in another case, in terms of weight percent, 15% benton, 7% methylcellulose, 1% SAN' and 70% component 1 are mixed and added with water to produce extrudable ingredients and The mixture is extruded into a carbon honeycomb body which, after drying and heat treatment, is a very good extrudate and a good quality honeycomb body. Although the invention has been described herein with respect to specific embodiments, it is understood that these embodiments are only illustrative. Invention original As well as the application, it is understood that the enumerated embodiments can be modified in many ways and other arrangements can be devised without departing from the scope of the following claims. SEM image of the adsorbent of the embodiment. [Explanation of main component symbols] Activated carbon particles 110; inorganic material 120. 27

Claims (1)

201114483 VII. Patent application scope 1. An adsorbent comprising: activated carbon particles bonded together by a discontinuous adhesive; stone waste, any oxidized state, elemental sulfur or a compound containing sulfur or a part of the body; and a metal catalyst, which is an elemental metal or a compound or a part containing a metal. 2. The adsorbent according to claim 1 of the patent application, comprising an object in which at least a portion of the sulfur is uniformly distributed throughout at least a portion of the activated carbon particles. 3. The adsorbent according to claim 1 of the patent application, comprising an object in which at least a portion of the metal catalyst is uniformly distributed throughout at least a portion of the activated carbon particles. 4. The adsorbent according to claim 1, wherein at least a portion of the sulfur and at least a portion of the metal catalyst are uniformly distributed throughout the at least partially activated carbon particles. 5. The adsorbent according to claim 1, wherein the metal catalyst comprises an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal, a transition metal, a rare earth metal, or a combination thereof. 6. The adsorbent according to claim 1 wherein at least a portion of the metal catalyst is chemically bonded to at least a portion of the sulfur. 7. The adsorbent according to item 6 of the patent application, which comprises a metal oxide. 8. The adsorbent according to claim 1, wherein the metal sulfide is a sulfide of manganese, copper, about, niobium, tantalum, or tungsten, and combinations thereof. 9. The adsorbent according to claim 6 of the patent application, which further comprises sulfur and sulfur present in the metal sulfide. 10. The adsorbent according to claim 6 wherein the adsorbent comprises elemental sulfur. 28 201114483 11. The adsorbent according to claim 1 wherein at least a portion of the sulfur is chemically bonded to the carbon portion of the activated carbon particles. 12. The adsorbent according to claim 1 wherein at least a portion of the sulfur is not bonded to the metal catalyst and/or at least a portion of the metal catalyst is not bonded to the sulfur. 13. The adsorbent according to claim 1, wherein the discontinuous adhesive comprises an inorganic binder. An adsorbent according to claim 13 wherein the inorganic binder comprises talc or clay. According to the adsorbent of claim 1, wherein the discontinuous adhesive comprises an organic binder. An adsorbent according to claim 15 wherein the organic binder comprises an organic resin. According to the adsorbent of claim 1, wherein the discontinuous adhesive comprises an inorganic binder and an organic binder. 18. The adsorbent according to claim 1, wherein the adsorbent is in the form of a monomer. 19. The adsorbent according to claim 1, wherein the adsorbent is in the form of a flow-through adsorbent object. 20. The adsorbent according to claim 19, wherein the flow-through adsorbent material has a honeycomb structure. 21·—the ingredient component, which comprises: activated carbon particles; sulfur, in any oxidation state, is elemental sulfur or a compound containing sulfur; and σ 29 201114483 metal catalyst, which is elemental or contains metal Compound binder; and 'water. ^ According to the _ _ _ _ 21 group of ingredients, the paper is in the form of mud or paste. 23. An adsorbent comprising: activated carbon particles bonded together by an adhesive; sulfur, in any oxidized state, elemental sulfur or a compound or component comprising sulfur; and a metal catalyst, An elemental metal or a compound or partial body comprising a metal. At least a portion of the sulfur is not bonded to the metal catalyst and/or at least a portion of the metal catalyst is not bonded to the sulfur. 24. An adsorbent comprising: activated carbon particles bonded together by an adhesive; sulfur, in any oxidized state, elemental sulfur or a compound comprising sulfur or a part thereof; and a metal catalyst, An elemental metal or a compound or a partial body comprising a metal; wherein at least a portion of the sulfur and/or at least a portion of the metal catalyst are uniformly distributed throughout the at least partially activated carbon particle object. 25. A process for making a sorbent object, comprising: providing a mixture comprising: activated carbon particles; sulfur, in any oxidized state, elemental sulfur or a sulfur-containing compound or a portion thereof; and 201114483 Metal catalyst, in any oxidized state, is an elemental metal or a compound or part containing a metal; and an adhesive; and forms the mixture into the shape of an adsorbent. 26. The process according to item 25 of the scope of the patent application, which comprises forming the mixture into the shape of an adsorbent object by extrusion. 27. The process according to claim 25, wherein the binder comprises an organic resin and the organic resin is cured after forming the mixture into the shape of the adsorbent object. 28. The process according to claim 25 of the scope of the patent application, further comprising a sorbent object formed by simmering. 29. A process for making a sorbent object, comprising: providing a first mixture comprising: a source of carbon; sulfur, in any oxidized state, being elemental sulphur or a compound comprising sulfur or a portion thereof; and a metal Catalyst, in any oxidized state, an elemental metal or a metal-containing compound or partial body; and carbonizing the first mixture under conditions sufficient to carbonize the carbon source; activating the carbonized mixture; A mixture is mixed with the binder to form a second mixture; and the second mixture is formed into the shape of a sorbent object. 30. The process according to claim 29 of the patent application, comprising forming the second mixture into the shape of an object by extruding 201114483. 31. The use of carbon as an organic resin is based on the treatment of the patent application. 32. The process according to claim 29, wherein the binder comprises an organic resin, and wherein the organic resin is cured after forming the second mixture as the adsorbent object shape. 33. According to the process of claim 29, which further comprises a sorbent object formed by smoldering. 34. A method of removing contaminants from a fluid, comprising: providing an adsorbent comprising: activated carbon particles, sulfur 'in any oxidized state, being elemental sulfur or a compound comprising sulfur or a portion thereof; and a metal touch The medium, in any oxidized state, is an elemental metal or a metal-containing compound or partial body; and the adsorbent is contacted with a fluid containing the contaminant; wherein at least a portion of the contaminant is adsorbed on the adsorbent and thus removed by the fluid. l Si 32