201107733 六、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 、本發月係有關_種透氣度量測技術，尤其是指一種利 用Z瓜體夕孔性㊉流S件所產生之壓力差而檢測待測 物之氣體滲透性之透氣度量測裝置。 【先前技術】 /瓜體對材料的滲透性（permeab i丨i t y)是材料物理性能 鲁檢測的重要項目之一，滲透性本身與材料的多孔性、密度 以及厚度有關。對於纺織品、不織布、皮革、紙張/紙板、 泡沫塑料、多孔陶曼等氣體通透度較大的材料，在應用於 特定領域時常需量化氣體對於這些材料的滲透性，或稱之 為透氣度。透氣度的穩定與否直接關係到產品的品質與良 率，並且仰賴專業透氣度測試儀的試驗加以確認。 材料的透氧度測試方法大致上可以分為定流量測壓差 與定壓差測流量兩種0定流量測壓差法主要用於泡沫塑料 # 以及軟質/半硬質多孔彈性材料的測試；定壓差測流量法主 要應用於紡織品、不織布、濾紙、透氣袋等。 傳統上，氣流的透氣度量測裝置係採用下列兩種基本 型態之一：串列式（series)或架橋式（bridge)。串列式量 測法以 Frazier 透氣度試驗機（Frazier® Differential201107733 VI. Description of the invention: [Technical field to which the invention belongs], this month is related to the ventilating measurement technology, especially refers to a pressure difference generated by the use of the Z-shaped body, the ten-hole S-flow, and the detection A gas permeability measuring device for measuring gas permeability of a sample. [Prior Art] / The permeability of the material to the material (permeab i丨i t y) is one of the important items for the physical properties of the material. The permeability itself is related to the porosity, density and thickness of the material. For textiles, non-woven fabrics, leather, paper/paperboard, foam, porous ceramics and other materials with high gas permeability, it is often necessary to quantify the permeability of gases to these materials when applied to specific fields, or to refer to the permeability. . The stability of the air permeability is directly related to the quality and yield of the product, and is confirmed by the test of the professional air permeability tester. The oxygen permeability test method of the material can be roughly divided into two types: constant flow pressure difference and constant pressure difference flow. The 0 constant flow pressure difference method is mainly used for the testing of foam plastic # and soft/semi-hard porous elastic materials; The differential pressure flow measurement method is mainly applied to textiles, non-woven fabrics, filter papers, and breathable bags. Traditionally, airflow venting devices have adopted one of two basic types: series or bridge. Tandem type measurement with Frazier permeability tester (Frazier® Differential
Pressure Air Permeability Tester)為代表，為許多國家 標準所採用的方法’如中華民國國家標準CNS5612所揭示 之織物透氣度檢驗法。該試驗機係採用校準孔徑法 (Cal ibrated Or if ice Method) ’ 其構造如圖一所示，包括 201107733 -具吸氣風扇1G，用以引進空氣通過已知面 =圓孔之待測物並以夾具U失緊待測物== ί 上。選用適合尺寸之噴氣嘴13，搭配變阻器調 扇10轉速’使傾斜油型氣壓計14所測得之物γ = _力差保持在12.7mm水柱高，再以直型油式=面 測出通過待測物90試驗面積之氣流率。十15 另一種架橋式量測法以Gurle (Gurley Hlgh-Flow Perrae〇meter)^,^ , 係在同-真空源下比較倾氣流的壓力降。 土 通過-個可變面積闕2〇、參考腔室21以及1定 孔口板22 (因為中央位置並沒有板體 我稍微偏至24(因為中央位置並沒有板體’所以 ，袖微偏移至指_體的位置）卩及-附測微計 (miCr〇meter)26之可變面積孔口板25後進到儲氣室23。 調整可變面積閥20直到通過該_壓力降為〇·5英忖 水柱高，並調整測微計26使得測試腔室24盥來 L至21中的壓力達到平衡，因此通過待測物9 =為〇.5英忖水柱高，此時測微計26所顯示的刻度即為 忒待測物90透氣度的指標。 … 另者，參閱中華民國新型專利TW 514254「且 物件）測漏（透氣）試驗機」，揭示了 :種物體 刑^透虱Μ驗機。其特徵在於治具依所測物體及測試類 乍之用’而二壓力檢測器與一流量檢測器具數位化特 …传將檢測數據以類比訊號經排線傳送至電腦，電腦上 201107733 並開發出檢測軟體可直接記錄數值並換算而同步繪製曲線 圖，在受測達到目標值後關閉氣閥，使其檢測過程完全自 動化之記錄、計算並以曲線圖顯示檢測結果，進而自動計 算出測漏（透氣）數值。另外，如美國專利US 4311037揭示 ‘了一種織物透氣度測試儀。該測試儀乃特別針對行進中的 ' 物料一例如由造紙機製造中的紙張一之透氣度連續量測加 以設計，其所揭露的流量量測方法係為一以文式（Venturi) 喷嘴節流元件的流量量測裝置，並且可依需求就定流量測 φ 壓差或是定壓差測流量兩測試方法擇一進行。 另外，美國專利US 6212941則揭示了一種具寬量測範 圍的透氣度測試儀。該測試儀係透過一般的透氣度測試儀 架構，其中具有不限特定節流元件的差壓式流量計，並搭 配複數個經校正的放大器、多工器、電腦以及回授控制電 路，可對受測樣本物料進行於特定範圍的不同壓力差下之 連續、自動的透氣度量測，以暸解通過該樣本之流率與壓 - 力差之間的關係。而美國專利US 6843106，則揭示了一具 .φ 有參考與測試兩流體系統，可得出受測樣本物料與參考樣 本間差異的透氣度測試儀。該創作係考量到大氣條件的變 動會影響透氣度量測的結果，故透過該創作所提出之可量 測透氣度差異的方法與裝置，將可提高透氣度量測的正確 性。其所揭露的流量量測方法係包括以可變面積孔口板為 節流元件的流量量測裝置以及皮托管。 【發明内容】 在一實施例中，本發明提供一種透氣度量測裝置，包 201107733 括：一中空本體，其兩端各具有一開口，該中空本體係提 •供一流體通過；一夾治具，其係設置於該中空本體之一端 的開口上，該夾治具係提供固持一待測物；一多孔性節流 元件，其係設置於該中空本體内，該多孔性節流元件係可 提供該流體通過而產生壓力差；一第一差壓感測器，其係 提供感測流體通過該待測物時所產生之壓力差；一第二差 壓感測模組，其係提供感測流體通過該多孔性節流元件時 產生之壓力差；以及一流量調節部，其係調整流體進入該 中空本體之流量。 在另一實施例中，本發明更提供一種透氣度量測裝 置，包括：一流道模組，其兩端具有一第一流道切換部以 及一第二流道切換部，該流道模組具有複數個相互併聯的 流道分別與該第一流道切換部以及該第二流道切換部相連 通，每一流道係提供一流體通過；一央治具，其係設置於 該第一流道切換部上端的開口上，該夾治具係提供固持一 待測物；複數個多孔性節流元件，其係分別設置於該複數 個流道内，每一個多孔性節流元件係提供於對應之流道内 之流體通過而產生壓力差，每一個多孔性節流元件具有至 少一種不同之結構特徵一如通透面積、厚度、孔隙孔徑等一 以產生不同的流量與壓力差之關係；一第一差壓感測器， 其係提供感測流體通過該待測物時所產生之壓力差；一第 二差壓感測模組，其係提供感測流體通過其中之一多孔性 節流元件時所產生之壓力差；以及一流量調節部，其係調 整流體進入該中空本體之流量。 201107733 【實施方式】 為使t審查委員能對本發明之特徵、目的及功能有 ，進-步的認知與瞭解，下文特將本發明之裝置的相關細 縣構以及設㈣理念原由進行朗，錢得冑查委員可 以了解本發明之特點，詳細說明陳述如下：Pressure Air Permeability Tester) is the method used by many national standards, such as the fabric permeability test disclosed in the National Standard of China, CNS5612. The test machine adopts the Cal ibrated Or if ice Method' structure as shown in Figure 1, including 201107733 - with a suction fan 1G, to introduce air through the known surface = round hole of the object to be tested The fixture U is not pressed against the object to be tested == ί. Select the air nozzle 13 of the appropriate size, and adjust the fan 10 speed with the rheostat. The γ = _ force difference measured by the tilting oil pressure gauge 14 is maintained at 12.7 mm water column height, and then measured by straight oil type = surface. The airflow rate of the test area of the test object 90. X15 Another bridging method uses Gurle (Gurley Hlgh-Flow Perrae 〇meter)^,^, to compare the pressure drop of the turbulent flow under the same vacuum source. The soil passes through a variable area 阙2〇, the reference chamber 21 and the 1 fixed orifice plate 22 (because the central position does not have the plate body I am slightly biased to 24 (because the central position does not have the plate body), the sleeve is slightly offset The position of the finger to the body 卩 and - the variable area orifice plate 25 of the micrometer (miCr〇meter) 26 is advanced to the gas storage chamber 23. The variable area valve 20 is adjusted until the pressure drop is 〇 The 5 mile water column is high, and the micrometer 26 is adjusted so that the pressure in the test chamber 24 L L to 21 is balanced, so that the object to be tested 9 = 〇.5 inches of water column height, at this time the micrometer 26 The displayed scale is the index of the air permeability of the object to be tested 90. ... In addition, refer to the Republic of China new patent TW 514254 "and the object" leak detection (breathing) test machine", revealing: the object of the object Inspection machine. The utility model is characterized in that the jig is used according to the measured object and the test type, and the two pressure detector and the flow detecting device are digitalized. The detection data is transmitted to the computer through the analog signal, and the computer is developed on 201107733 and developed. The detection software can directly record the values and convert them to draw the graphs synchronously. After the measured target value is reached, the gas valve is closed, the detection process is fully automated, the measurement is completed, the test results are displayed in a graph, and the leak detection is automatically calculated ( Breathable) value. In addition, a fabric breathability tester is disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4,311,037. The tester is specifically designed for continuous measurement of the material in progress, such as paper sheeting in the manufacture of paper machines. The flow measurement method disclosed is a Venturi nozzle throttling. The flow measuring device of the component can be selected according to the requirements of the flow rate measurement φ differential pressure or the constant pressure differential flow measurement. In addition, U.S. Patent No. 6,212,941 discloses a gas permeability tester having a wide measurement range. The tester is constructed through a general gas permeability tester with a differential pressure flow meter that is not limited to specific throttling elements, and is equipped with a plurality of calibrated amplifiers, multiplexers, computers, and feedback control circuits. The sample material being tested is subjected to a continuous, automatic gas permeability measurement at a specific range of pressure differentials to understand the relationship between flow rate and pressure-force difference through the sample. U.S. Patent No. 6,843,106 discloses a gas permeability tester that has a reference and test two-fluid system to obtain a difference between the sample material and the reference sample. This creation considers that changes in atmospheric conditions can affect the results of the gas permeability measurement. Therefore, the method and apparatus for measuring the difference in gas permeability proposed by the creation will improve the accuracy of the gas permeability measurement. The flow measurement method disclosed therein includes a flow measuring device with a variable area orifice plate as a throttling element and a pitot tube. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In one embodiment, the present invention provides a gas permeability measuring device, and the package 201107733 includes a hollow body having an opening at each end thereof, the hollow system providing a fluid to pass through; The utility model is disposed on an opening of one end of the hollow body, the fixture provides a holding object to be tested, and a porous throttling element is disposed in the hollow body, the porous throttling element Providing a pressure difference between the passage of the fluid; a first differential pressure sensor providing a pressure difference generated when the sensing fluid passes through the object to be tested; and a second differential pressure sensing module Providing a pressure differential generated when the sensing fluid passes through the porous throttling element; and a flow regulating portion that adjusts the flow of fluid into the hollow body. In another embodiment, the present invention further provides a gas permeability measuring device, comprising: a first-class channel module having a first flow channel switching portion and a second flow channel switching portion at both ends, the flow channel module having a plurality of mutually parallel flow channels are respectively connected to the first flow channel switching portion and the second flow channel switching portion, each flow channel provides a fluid passage; and a central fixture is disposed in the first flow channel switching portion The upper end of the opening, the fixture provides a holding object to be tested; a plurality of porous throttling elements are respectively disposed in the plurality of flow channels, and each of the porous throttling elements is provided in the corresponding flow channel The fluid passes through to create a pressure difference, and each of the porous throttling elements has at least one different structural feature such as a permeability area, a thickness, a pore diameter, etc. to generate a relationship between different flow rates and pressure differences; a first differential pressure a sensor that provides a pressure difference generated when the sensing fluid passes through the object to be tested; a second differential pressure sensing module that provides a sensing fluid through one of the porous throttling elements The resulting pressure differential; and a flow regulating portion that regulates the flow of fluid into the hollow body. 201107733 [Embodiment] In order to enable the review committee to have the knowledge, understanding, and understanding of the features, purposes, and functions of the present invention, the following is a detailed description of the relevant county structure and the (4) concept of the device of the present invention. The members of the committee can understand the characteristics of the invention, and the detailed statement is as follows:
，發賴供—種透氣度量測裝置，其㈣絲檢測物 科之氣體滲透性，並可彈性適用於定流量測壓差盘定壓差 ==兩測試方法。利用多孔性節流元件作為流量量測的 J測機制，藉由量測流體流經待測物以及多孔性節流元件 为別具有的壓力差以決定操作條件及流量，並配合受測 件之通透面積轉換得出其透氣度。 ^發賴供-賊氣度量測裝置，其係具有不同的流 分別提供容置料同結構特徵的多孔性節流元 牛，以針對適用之透氣度量測範圍進行切換。 本發明提供-種透氣度量測裝置，其係利用不同量測 =圍的差Μ感測器’或改變多孔㈣流元件的結構特徵， *合改㈣制流量大小的流量調節機制，來改變透氣度 之置測範圍，以擴大透氣度量測裝置之量測範圍。 純接下來糾量_理，#流•直線方式通過多孔性 特ϋ 1 金屬3燒結片）時’具有流量與壓差呈—特定關係的 ^ ^特別是在低壓差（流率）時呈線性關係。該關係最早 皆年由如111^ Darcy提出，被稱為Darcy，s Law，並 可寫成下列的形式： Q =, relying on the supply of a gas permeability measuring device, (4) silk detection of the gas permeability of the material, and can be flexibly applied to the constant flow pressure differential pressure difference == two test methods. The porous throttling element is used as the J measuring mechanism of the flow measurement, and the measuring pressure and the flow rate are determined by measuring the fluid flowing through the object to be tested and the porous throttling element to determine the operating condition and the flow rate, and matching the test piece The permeability area is converted to its air permeability. ^ 供 - 贼 贼 贼 贼 贼 贼 贼 贼 贼 贼 贼 贼 贼 贼 贼 贼 贼 贼 贼 贼 贼 贼 贼 贼 贼 贼 贼 贼 贼 贼 贼 贼 贼 贼 贼 贼 贼 贼 贼 贼 贼 贼 贼The present invention provides a gas permeability measuring device which utilizes different measurement of the surrounding differential sensor or changes the structural characteristics of the porous (four) flow element, and changes the flow rate adjustment mechanism of the flow rate. The range of air permeability is measured to expand the measurement range of the gas permeability measuring device. Pure next correction _ rational, #流• straight line through the porous characteristic 1 metal 3 sintered sheet) 'has a specific relationship between the flow rate and the pressure difference ^ ^ especially in the low pressure difference (flow rate) linear relationship. The relationship was first proposed by 111^ Darcy, known as Darcy, s Law, and can be written in the following form: Q =
fc-A-AP ML (1) 9 201107733 其中Θ為體積流率，κ為滲透性（permeabi 1 ity)，/為可供 流體通過的多孔性材料截面積，δρ為流蹲通過該多孔性材 料的壓力降，a為流體的動力黏度（dynamic viscosity)，Ζ 為多孔性材料在流體行走方向上的長度。Darcy ’s Law特別 適用於雷諾數很低的潛流（creeping f 1 ow)，因流體在通過 該多孔性材料的孔隙時形成層流，使得流量與壓差得呈線 性關係。然而，對於較高的流速，由於流體慣性效應 (inertia effect)的作用，上述流量與壓力降的關係成為 非線性。針對這種non-Darcy flow，其壓力降與流量的關 係可用Forchhe i mer方程式加以描述並寫成下列的形式： 其中p為流體密度，《與為常數，其中α代表與摩擦力相關 的滲透性係數，本質上即為上述的滲透性κ^代表與慣性 力相關的渗透性係數。Darcy’s Law與Forchheimer方程式 說明了流體通過多孔材料的流量可藉由差壓的量測加以決 定，並構成了本創作的基本量測原理。為建立流量與差壓 量測的關係，上式（2)可重新改寫為下列式（3)的形式： Q = ~-r^—-s-AP = CrAP (3) β·Α) 其中為流量轉換係數，由式中可見該係數在低流量時可 視為一常數，而在高流量時則會隨著流量而變動。對一特 定的多孔材料而言，該係數可藉由實流校正加以決定。若 材料性質穩定，且無異物或粒子進入阻塞孔隙而改變其特 性，則該多孔材料便可作為節流元件而應用於差壓式流量 10 201107733 量測裝置中，透過差壓的量測與該轉換係數（不一定為常數） 決定流量。 請參閱圖三A與圖三B所示，其中圖三A係為本發明 之透氣度量測裝置第一實施例示意圖；圖三B係為中空本 體示意圖。在本實施例中，該透氣度量測裝置3包括有一 中空本體30、一夾治具31、一多孔性節流元件32、一第 一差壓感測器33、一第二差壓感測模組34、一流量調節部 35以及一控制處理單元36。該中空本體30，其兩端具有 一開口 300與301，該中空本體30係提供一流體91通過。 該流體91，在本實施例中，係為氣體。該夾治具31，其係 設置於該中空本體30上方的開口 300上以提供固持一待測 物90，使該待測物90與該開口 300相對應。該夾治具31 具有適當的密封性而僅允許流體91經由該待測物90進入 該中空本體30。本實施例之待測物90係可為具多孔特性 的片狀（sheet-1 ike)待測物，如：紡織物、不織布、紙材、 皮革、濾材、透氣袋、女性衛生棉/墊、紙尿布/褲等透氣 材料，但不以此為限。該夾治具31的技術係屬於習用之技 術，在此不作贅述。 該多孔性節流元件32(如：GKN Sinter Metals之型號 SIKA-B 80或者是SIKA-R 30 ΑΧ的產品，但不以此為限）， 置於該中空本體30内而介於該兩開口 300與301之間，該 多孔性節流元件32跨設於中空本體30内的橫截面上，使 流體91在通過該節流元件32時，於其流體進入側與流體 流出側之間產生可量測的壓力降。在一實施例中，該多孔 性節流元件32係為由金屬、陶瓷或高分子（粉末）材料燒結 π 201107733 製作而成。為了避免流體内之雜質，如灰塵、微粒等阻塞 了多孔性節流元件32而影響流體通透度，進而改變其量測 特性，在該多孔性節流元件32與該待測物90之間更設置 有一過濾元件37，以濾除流體91内之雜質。在一實施例 中，該過濾元件37係為由金屬、陶瓷或高分子（粉末）材料 燒結製作而成的多孔材料，並具有與該多孔性節流元件32 相當或為大的孔隙。 該第一差壓感測器33，其係提供感測流體通過該待測 物90時所產生之壓力差，該第一差壓感測器33之感測端 331與332分別偵測流體通過待測物90之後的壓力與外部 大氣環境之壓力，以得到一第一壓力差訊號。該第二差壓 感測模組34,其係提供感測流體通過該多孔性節流元件32 時所產生之壓力差。本實施例中，該第二差壓感測模組34 係為一差壓感測器，其係分別以感測端341與342偵測流 體進入該多孔性節流元件32時之壓力，以及流體通過該多 孔性節流元件32後之壓力，以得到關於通體通過該多孔性 節流元件32時之一第二壓力差訊號。為了能夠顯示壓力差 訊號，該第一差壓感測器33與該第二差壓感測模組34更 分別耦接有一顯示單元330與340，其係可為液晶或者是 發光二極體顯示單元。 該流量調節部35，其係調整流體進入該中空本體之流 量。該流量調節部3 5包括有一流體吸取部3 5 0、一流量調 節閥351以及一控制元件352。該流體吸取部350，其係經 由管路與該中空本體耦接。該流體吸取部350，本實施例 為風扇，但不以此為限，係由電流所驅動，與該中空本體 12 201107733 30之第二開口 301相連接，用來產生部分真空以抽吸流體 通過該待測物90進入該中空本體30。該流量調節閥351， 其係設置於該中空本體30與該流體吸取部350之間的管路 上，而與該中空本體30與該流體吸取部350相連通。該控 制元件352，其係與該流體吸取部350耦接，以控制該流 體吸取部350所產生之吸力大小。該控制元件352係可為 電流調節鈕或者是可以控制電流大小的電路控制元件等， 其係屬於習用之技術，在此不作贅述。本發明之調節通過 φ 待測物90之流量可以藉由該流量調節閥351的控制，或者 是藉由控制元件352控制通過該流體吸取部350之電流大 小來調整通過中空本體30之流體流量來加以達成。該兩流 量調節機制可單獨或同時存在以及被使用。此外，在另一 實施例中，可以採用兩種不同規格的流量調節閥，以併聯 方式同時串接於第二開口 301與流體吸取部350之間的管 路，當待測物透氣度較大時，使用高流量調節閥進行流量 調整，此時低流量調節閥可為開啟或關斷；當待測物透氣 φ 度較小時，則關斷高流量調節閥，並使用低流量調節閥進 行流量調整。 該控制處理單元36,其係分別與該第一差壓感測器33 以及該第二差壓感測模組34相耦接，該控制處理單元36 係根據該第一差壓感測器33以及該第二差壓感測模組34 所提供之第一與第二壓力差訊號而轉換成透氣度，至於轉 換之技術係屬於習知之技術，在此不作贅述。此外，該控 制處理單元36内可具有自動控制電路361，可接受該第一 差壓感測器33以及該第二差壓感測模組34所送出之壓力 13 201107733 差訊號，或者是根據該第一差壓感測器33以及第二差壓感 測模組34所分別對應之顯示單元330與340，所輸出之關 於該壓差之訊號，然後再根據該壓差訊號的結果，輸出控 制訊號給該流量調節閥351或控制元件352以調節流量大 小，達到自動化量測控制的功效。另外，該控制處理單元 36可以耦接一顯示單元360以顯示相關資訊如轉換之流量 或透氣度。在另一實施例中，顯示單元330、340與360可 以相互整合為一，例如顯示單元340可内建該控制處理單 元36並與顯示單元360整合為一，此時該顯示單元除可顯 示第二差壓感測模組所得之第二壓力差訊號外，亦可直接 顯示經適當轉換後所得之流量或待測件之透氣度。另外， 控制處理單元36亦可與第一差壓感測器33以及第二差壓 感測模組34相互整合成單一元件。此外，該中空本體30 亦可開設至少一取溫口，其係可分別提供裝設溫度感測器 38，該溫度感測器38係與控制處理單元36電性連接，以 用來量測流經該多孔性節流元件的流體之溫度，以更準確 地計算得出實際操作狀態下的流量（透氣度）。 請參閱圖四所示，該圖係為本發明具有不同流體通透 面積之多孔性節流元件示意圖。本透氣度測試儀亦可具有 一節流元件透氣面積調整的結構，其係具有一外框體320、 一遮蔽物321以及一多孔性節流元件32a。該多孔性節流 元件32a係固設於該外框體320内，該遮蔽物321係設置 於該多孔性節流元件32a上以遮蔽多孔性節流元件32a之 部分區域以控制流體通過的區域大小。該遮蔽物321可在 需要進行較小透氣度的量測時，藉由遮蔽多孔性節流元件 14 201107733 32a的部分透氣面積，而使得流體流經該多孔性節流元件 32a時仍能產生足夠（符合所選用之差壓感測器量測能力） 的壓力降，從而在使用相同規格之多孔性節流元件32a與 差壓感測模組34的情形下，擴大其適用透氣度量測範圍。 _ 如圖五所示，該圖係為本發明之透氣度量測裝置第二 ' 實施例示意圖。在本實施例中，基本上與圖三A所示的第 一實施例類似，其差異在於，本實施例之第二差壓感測模 組34a，其係包括有複數個差壓感測器，例如圖五所示， φ 係包括一粗偵測差壓感測器343以及一細偵測差壓感測器 344，分別與該控制處理單元36電訊連接，並分別以感測 端341與342以及34Γ與342’偵測流體進入該多孔性節流 元件32時之壓力，以及流體通過該多孔性節流元件32後 之壓力，以得到關於通體通過該多孔性節流元件32時之一 第二壓力差訊號。其中感測端341與34Γ需位於不具顯著 壓力差的鄰近處或可整合為一’感測端342與342’亦同。 ' 該粗偵測差壓感測器343與該細偵測差壓感測器344分別 > φ 具有不同的壓差量測範圍，因此，當待測物90透氣度較小 時，會使得通過該多孔性節流元件32之流量較低，並產生 較小的壓力差，故選用適合用於較小差壓訊號量測的細偵 測差壓感測器344 ;當待測物透氣度較大時，通過該多孔 性節流元件32之流量較高，並產生較大的壓力差，故選用 適合用於較大壓差訊號量測的粗偵測差壓感測器343。利 用圖五之實施例中粗偵測差壓感測器343以及細偵測差壓 感測器344的組合，可以使本發明之透氣度量測裝置得以 在允許誤差範圍内涵蓋較大的透氣度量測範圍，例如1 15 201107733 cm3/cm2/s至300 cm3/cmVs，且無須調整所用節流元件32 之透氣面積。在一實施例中，如圖五所示，粗偵測差壓感 測器343以及細偵測差壓感測器344可以分別耦接一顯示 單元345與346，以分別顯示其感測到的壓力差訊號或者 是與顯示單元360整合而顯示經過控制處理單元36處理後 所得到的流量或透氣度。此外，該兩顯示單元345與346， 連同顯示單元360，亦可以整合成單一之顯示單元。此外， 在另一實施例中，可以採用兩種不同規格的流量調節閥， 以併聯方式同時串接於第二開口 301與流體吸取部350之 間的管路，當待測物透氣度較大時，使用高流量調節閥進 行流量調整，此時低流量調節閥可為開啟或關斷；當待測 物透氣度較小時，則關斷高流量調節閥，並使用低流量調 節閥進行流量調整。 涵蓋較大的透氣度量測範圍的另一種實施例係如圖六 所示，基本上架構與圖三A所示的第一實施例以及圖五所 示的第二實施例類似，相同之元件符號對應與前述相同之 元件，在此不做贅述。本實施例與前述二實施例之差異在 於，圖六之透氣度量測裝置具有一流道模組39，其係由併 聯複數個流道392〜394所構成，每一個流道392〜394具有 不同結構特徵（如通透面積、厚度、孔隙孔徑等）、不同流 量與壓力降關係的多孔性節流元件32b〜32d，並於使用時 針對個別所適用之透氣度範圍進行切換。在該流道模組39 之兩端分別耦接有一第一流道切換部390與第二流道切換 部391。在第一流道切換部390上方有夾治具31以提供固 持一待測物90。該第二流道切換部391則與流量調節部35 16 201107733 相連接。 該第一差壓感測器33，其係提供感測流體通過該待測 物時所產生之壓力差，而該第二差麼感測模組34，其係提 供感測流體通過其中之一多孔性節流元件32b、32c或32d 時所產生之屋力差，因此本發明之第二差壓感測模組34， - 以單一之差壓感測器為例，其係感測流體進入該第一流道 切換部390以及該第二流道切換部391時的壓力，以得到 壓力差之資訊，再將該資訊轉換成電訊傳遞至控制處理單 φ 元36。第一流道切換部390，主要是控制由待測物進入的 流體所要通過之流道位置，本實施例係為利用3個閥門開 關3900〜3902來控制，但不以此為限。由於每一種待測物 的透氣度並不相同，因此在圖六的實施例的特點在於每一 種流道392〜394可以適用於不同透氣度範圍的量測。藉由 該第一流道切換部390的控制將氣流導引道到對應的流 道，使得氣流通過多孔性節流元件32b〜32d而產生對應的 ， 壓力量測出壓降差。該第二流道切換部391，則是將其他 .0 流道關閉，只打開與第一流道切換部390所開啟的相對應 流道以形成一氣流通道，本實施例係為利用3個閥門開關 3910〜3912來控制流道連通狀態，但不以此為限。配合透 氣度量測目標範圍，本實施例可藉由適當地選用各多孔性 節流元件的結構特徵，使各節流元件於其所適用的透氣度 量測範圍中，在流體通過時皆可產生相近的壓力差，因此 僅使用單一差壓感測器於第二差壓感測模組中便可達成涵 蓋較大透氣度量測範圍的目的，然本實施例並不限於使用 單一差壓感測器於第二差壓感測模組。 17 201107733 惟以上所述者，僅為本發明之實施例，當不能以之限 制本發明範圍。即大凡依本發明申請專利範圍所做之均等 變化及修飾，仍將不失本發明之要義所在，亦不脫離本發 明之精神和範圍，故都應視為本發明的進一步實施狀況。 18 201107733 【圖式簡單說明】 =一:系為習用之串列式透氣度量測裝置示意圖。 θ =糸為習用之架橋式透氣度量測裝置示意圖。 圖三Α係為本發明之透氣度量測裝置第-實施例示咅圖。 圖三Β係為中空本體示意圖。 -圖 圖四係為本發明具有不同趙通透©積之多孔性節流元件 不意圖。 圖五係為本發明之透氣度量測裝置第二實施例示意圖。 •圖六係為本發明之透氣度量測裝置第三實施例示意圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 10- 吸氣風扇 9 0 -待測物 11- 夾具 12- 圓孔 13- 喷氣嘴 _ 14-傾斜油型氣壓計 15-直型油式氣壓計 20- 可變面積閥 21- 參考腔室 22- 固定孔徑孔口板 23- 儲氣室 24- 測試腔室 25- 可變面積孔口板 26- 測微計 201107733 3-透氣度量測裝置 30- 中空本體 300、301-開口 31- 夾治具 32、32a、32b、32c、32d-多孔性節流元件 320-外框體 3 21 -遮蔽物 33-第一差壓感測器 330-顯示單元 331、332-感測端 34、34a-第二差壓感測模組 340-顯示單元 341、342、341，、342，-感測端 343- 粗偵測差壓感測器 344- 細偵測差壓感測器 345、346-顯示單元 3 5-流量調節部 350-流體吸取部 3 51 -流量調節閥 352-控制元件 36-控制處理單元 360-顯示單元 36卜自動控制電路 38- 溫度感測器 39- 流道模組 20 201107733 390- 第一流道切換部 3900〜3902-閥門 391- 第二流道切換部 3910〜3912-閥門 392〜394-流道 90- 待測物 91- 流體fc-A-AP ML (1) 9 201107733 where Θ is the volumetric flow rate, κ is the permeability (permeabi 1 ity), / is the cross-sectional area of the porous material through which the fluid can pass, and δρ is the flow through the porous material. The pressure drop, a is the dynamic viscosity of the fluid, and Ζ is the length of the porous material in the direction of fluid travel. Darcy's Law is particularly suitable for creeping f 1 ow, where the fluid forms a laminar flow as it passes through the pores of the porous material, resulting in a linear relationship between flow and pressure differential. However, for higher flow rates, the relationship between the above flow rate and pressure drop becomes nonlinear due to the effect of the fluid inertia effect. For this non-Darcy flow, the relationship between pressure drop and flow can be described by the Forchhe i mer equation and written in the following form: where p is the fluid density, and the sum is constant, where α represents the permeability coefficient associated with friction. In essence, the above permeability κ^ represents the permeability coefficient associated with the inertial force. Darcy’s Law and the Forchheimer equation show that the flow of fluid through a porous material can be determined by differential pressure measurements and constitute the basic measurement principle of the creation. In order to establish the relationship between flow rate and differential pressure measurement, the above formula (2) can be rewritten into the form of the following formula (3): Q = ~-r^--s-AP = CrAP (3) β·Α) where The flow conversion coefficient can be seen by the equation as a constant at low flow rates and as a function of flow at high flow rates. For a particular porous material, this factor can be determined by actual flow correction. If the material is stable in nature and no foreign matter or particles enter the blocking pores to change its characteristics, the porous material can be used as a throttling element in the differential pressure flow 10 201107733 measuring device, and the differential pressure is measured. The conversion factor (not necessarily constant) determines the flow. Referring to FIG. 3A and FIG. 3B, FIG. 3A is a schematic view of a first embodiment of the gas permeability measuring device of the present invention; and FIG. 3B is a schematic view of the hollow body. In the present embodiment, the air permeability measuring device 3 includes a hollow body 30, a fixture 31, a porous throttle element 32, a first differential pressure sensor 33, and a second differential pressure sensor. The measuring module 34, a flow regulating unit 35 and a control processing unit 36. The hollow body 30 has an opening 300 and 301 at both ends thereof, and the hollow body 30 provides a fluid 91 to pass therethrough. This fluid 91, in this embodiment, is a gas. The fixture 31 is disposed on the opening 300 above the hollow body 30 to provide a holding object 90 so that the object to be tested 90 corresponds to the opening 300. The fixture 31 has a suitable seal and only allows fluid 91 to enter the hollow body 30 via the object to be tested 90. The object to be tested 90 of the present embodiment may be a sheet-like material to be tested, such as a textile, a non-woven fabric, a paper, a leather, a filter, a breathable bag, a female sanitary napkin/pad, Breathable materials such as diapers/trousers, but not limited to them. The technique of the fixture 31 is a conventional technique and will not be described herein. The porous throttling element 32 (such as the model of SIKA-B 80 of GKN Sinter Metals or the product of SIKA-R 30 ,, but not limited thereto) is placed in the hollow body 30 and interposed between the two openings Between 300 and 301, the porous throttling element 32 spans across a cross-section in the hollow body 30 such that when the fluid 91 passes through the throttling element 32, it creates between its fluid entry side and the fluid outflow side. The measured pressure drop. In one embodiment, the porous throttling element 32 is fabricated from a metal, ceramic or polymeric (powder) material sintered π 201107733. In order to avoid impurities in the fluid, such as dust, particles, etc., blocking the porous throttling element 32 and affecting the fluid permeability, thereby changing its measurement characteristics, between the porous throttling element 32 and the object to be tested 90 A filter element 37 is further provided to filter out impurities in the fluid 91. In one embodiment, the filter element 37 is a porous material that is sintered from a metal, ceramic or polymer (powder) material and has pores that are comparable or large to the porous throttling element 32. The first differential pressure sensor 33 provides a pressure difference generated when the sensing fluid passes through the object to be tested 90. The sensing ends 331 and 332 of the first differential pressure sensor 33 respectively detect fluid passing. The pressure after the object 90 is measured and the pressure of the external atmosphere to obtain a first pressure difference signal. The second differential pressure sensing module 34 provides a pressure differential generated when sensing fluid passes through the porous throttling element 32. In this embodiment, the second differential pressure sensing module 34 is a differential pressure sensor that detects the pressure of the fluid entering the porous throttling element 32 by the sensing ends 341 and 342, respectively, and The pressure of the fluid passing through the porous throttling element 32 provides a second differential pressure signal as to when the through-body passes through the porous throttling element 32. In order to display the pressure difference signal, the first differential pressure sensor 33 and the second differential pressure sensing module 34 are respectively coupled with a display unit 330 and 340, which may be a liquid crystal or a light emitting diode display. unit. The flow regulating portion 35 adjusts the flow of fluid into the hollow body. The flow regulating portion 35 includes a fluid suction portion 350, a flow regulating valve 351, and a control element 352. The fluid suction portion 350 is coupled to the hollow body via a conduit. The fluid suction portion 350, which is a fan, is not limited thereto, and is driven by an electric current, and is connected to the second opening 301 of the hollow body 12 201107733 30 for generating a partial vacuum to aspirate the fluid. The object to be tested 90 enters the hollow body 30. The flow regulating valve 351 is disposed on a pipeline between the hollow body 30 and the fluid suction portion 350, and communicates with the fluid suction portion 350. The control element 352 is coupled to the fluid intake portion 350 to control the amount of suction generated by the fluid intake portion 350. The control element 352 can be a current control button or a circuit control component that can control the magnitude of the current, etc., which is a conventional technique and will not be described herein. The adjustment of the present invention can be controlled by the flow regulating valve 351 by the flow rate of the φ object to be tested 90, or the flow rate of the fluid passing through the hollow body 30 can be adjusted by the control element 352 controlling the magnitude of the current passing through the fluid suction portion 350. To achieve. The two flow regulation mechanisms can exist individually or simultaneously and be used. In addition, in another embodiment, two different sizes of flow regulating valves may be used, which are connected in parallel in parallel to the pipeline between the second opening 301 and the fluid suction portion 350, when the air to be tested is more airtight. When using a high flow regulating valve for flow adjustment, the low flow regulating valve can be opened or closed; when the air permeability of the object to be tested is small, the high flow regulating valve is turned off and the low flow regulating valve is used. Traffic adjustment. The control processing unit 36 is coupled to the first differential pressure sensor 33 and the second differential pressure sensing module 34 respectively. The control processing unit 36 is configured according to the first differential pressure sensor 33. The first and second pressure difference signals provided by the second differential pressure sensing module 34 are converted into air permeability. The technology of the conversion is a conventional technique and will not be described herein. In addition, the control processing unit 36 may have an automatic control circuit 361, and may receive the pressure signal 13 201107733 sent by the first differential pressure sensor 33 and the second differential pressure sensing module 34, or according to the The first differential pressure sensor 33 and the second differential pressure sensing module 34 respectively correspond to the display units 330 and 340, and output the signal about the differential pressure, and then output control according to the result of the differential pressure signal. The signal is given to the flow regulating valve 351 or the control element 352 to adjust the flow rate to achieve the effect of automated measurement control. In addition, the control processing unit 36 can be coupled to a display unit 360 to display related information such as the flow or air permeability of the conversion. In another embodiment, the display units 330, 340, and 360 can be integrated into one. For example, the display unit 340 can be built into the control processing unit 36 and integrated into the display unit 360. In addition to the second pressure difference signal obtained by the two differential pressure sensing module, the flow rate obtained by the appropriate conversion or the air permeability of the device to be tested may be directly displayed. In addition, the control processing unit 36 can also be integrated with the first differential pressure sensor 33 and the second differential pressure sensing module 34 into a single component. In addition, the hollow body 30 can also be provided with at least one temperature-sensing port, which can respectively provide a temperature sensor 38. The temperature sensor 38 is electrically connected to the control processing unit 36 for measuring the flow. The flow rate (gas permeability) in the actual operating state is more accurately calculated by the temperature of the fluid of the porous throttling element. Referring to Figure 4, the figure is a schematic view of a porous throttling element having different fluid permeability areas of the present invention. The gas permeability tester can also have a structure for adjusting the gas permeable area of the flow element, and has an outer frame 320, a shield 321 and a porous throttling element 32a. The porous throttling element 32a is fixed in the outer frame 320, and the shielding member 321 is disposed on the porous throttling element 32a to shield a portion of the porous throttling element 32a to control a region through which the fluid passes. size. The shield 321 can provide sufficient fluid flow through the porous throttling element 32a by shielding a portion of the gas permeable area of the porous throttling element 14 201107733 32a when less measurement of the gas permeability is required. (corresponding to the selected differential pressure sensor measuring capability), so that the use of the same size of the porous throttling element 32a and the differential pressure sensing module 34, expand its applicable gas permeability measurement range . _ As shown in FIG. 5, the figure is a schematic view of a second embodiment of the gas permeable measuring device of the present invention. In this embodiment, it is substantially similar to the first embodiment shown in FIG. 3A, and the difference is that the second differential pressure sensing module 34a of the embodiment includes a plurality of differential pressure sensors. For example, as shown in FIG. 5, the φ system includes a coarse detection differential pressure sensor 343 and a fine detection differential pressure sensor 344 respectively connected to the control processing unit 36, and respectively connected to the sensing terminal 341 and 342 and 34Γ and 342' detect the pressure of the fluid entering the porous throttling element 32, and the pressure of the fluid passing through the porous throttling element 32 to obtain one of the passages through the porous throttling element 32. The second pressure difference signal. The sensing ends 341 and 34 need to be located adjacent to each other without a significant pressure difference or can be integrated into a 'sensing end 342 and 342'. The coarse detection differential pressure sensor 343 and the fine detection differential pressure sensor 344 respectively have different differential pressure measurement ranges, and therefore, when the object to be tested 90 has a small air permeability, it causes The flow rate through the porous throttling element 32 is low, and a small pressure difference is generated, so a fine detection differential pressure sensor 344 suitable for small differential pressure signal measurement is selected; when the object to be tested is air permeability When the flow rate through the porous throttling element 32 is relatively high and a large pressure difference is generated, the coarse detection differential pressure sensor 343 suitable for the measurement of the large differential pressure signal is selected. By using the combination of the coarse detection differential pressure sensor 343 and the fine detection differential pressure sensor 344 in the embodiment of FIG. 5, the ventilation measuring device of the present invention can cover a larger ventilation within the allowable error range. The measurement range, for example, 1 15 201107733 cm3/cm2/s to 300 cm3/cmVs, does not require adjustment of the gas permeable area of the throttling element 32 used. In an embodiment, as shown in FIG. 5, the coarse detection differential pressure sensor 343 and the fine detection differential pressure sensor 344 can be respectively coupled to a display unit 345 and 346 to respectively display the sensed The pressure difference signal is either integrated with the display unit 360 to display the flow rate or air permeability obtained after being processed by the control processing unit 36. In addition, the two display units 345 and 346, together with the display unit 360, may also be integrated into a single display unit. In addition, in another embodiment, two different sizes of flow regulating valves may be used to simultaneously connect in series with the pipeline between the second opening 301 and the fluid suction portion 350 in parallel, when the air to be tested is more airtight. When using a high flow regulating valve for flow adjustment, the low flow regulating valve can be opened or closed; when the air permeability of the object to be tested is small, the high flow regulating valve is turned off, and the flow is performed using a low flow regulating valve. Adjustment. Another embodiment covering a larger venting measurement range is shown in FIG. 6. The basic structure is similar to the first embodiment shown in FIG. 3A and the second embodiment shown in FIG. The symbols correspond to the same components as described above, and are not described herein. The difference between this embodiment and the foregoing two embodiments is that the air permeability measuring device of FIG. 6 has a first-class track module 39, which is composed of a plurality of parallel flow channels 392-394, each of which has a different flow path 392-394. The porous throttling elements 32b to 32d having structural characteristics (e.g., permeability area, thickness, pore diameter, etc.) and different flow rates and pressure drops are used to switch between the respective applicable gas permeability ranges. A first flow path switching unit 390 and a second flow path switching unit 391 are coupled to each other at both ends of the flow path module 39. Above the first flow path switching portion 390, there is a jig 31 to provide a holding object 90. The second flow path switching unit 391 is connected to the flow rate adjusting unit 35 16 201107733. The first differential pressure sensor 33 provides a pressure difference generated when the sensing fluid passes through the object to be tested, and the second difference sensing module 34 provides a sensing fluid through one of the The differential force generated by the porous throttling element 32b, 32c or 32d is therefore a second differential pressure sensing module 34 of the present invention, which is exemplified by a single differential pressure sensor, which is a sensing fluid The pressure at the time of entering the first flow path switching unit 390 and the second flow path switching unit 391 is used to obtain the information of the pressure difference, and the information is converted into a telecommunication transmission to the control processing unit φ element 36. The first flow path switching unit 390 mainly controls the position of the flow path through which the fluid entering the object to be tested passes. This embodiment is controlled by using three valve switches 3900 to 3902, but is not limited thereto. Since the air permeability of each of the objects to be tested is not the same, the embodiment of Fig. 6 is characterized in that each of the flow paths 392 to 394 can be applied to measurement of different gas permeability ranges. By the control of the first flow path switching unit 390, the air flow is guided to the corresponding flow path so that the air flow passes through the porous throttle elements 32b to 32d to generate a corresponding pressure difference. The second flow path switching unit 391 closes the other .0 flow channels and opens only the corresponding flow path opened by the first flow path switching unit 390 to form an air flow path. In this embodiment, three valves are used. The switches 3910 to 3912 control the flow path communication state, but are not limited thereto. In combination with the gas permeability measurement target range, in this embodiment, by appropriately selecting the structural features of each of the porous throttling elements, each throttling element can be used in the applicable gas permeability measurement range, and can be used when the fluid passes. A similar pressure difference is generated, so that only a single differential pressure sensor can be used in the second differential pressure sensing module to achieve a large gas permeability measurement range, but the embodiment is not limited to using a single differential pressure. The sensor is in the second differential pressure sensing module. 17 201107733 The above is only an embodiment of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. It is to be understood that the scope of the present invention is not limited to the spirit and scope of the present invention, and should be considered as further implementation of the present invention. 18 201107733 [Simple description of the diagram] = one: is a schematic diagram of the tandem type ventilation measuring device. θ = 糸 is a schematic diagram of a conventional bridge-type ventilation measuring device. Figure 3 is a schematic view of the first embodiment of the gas permeability measuring device of the present invention. Figure 3 is a schematic view of the hollow body. - Figure 4 is a porous throttling element of the present invention having different diarrhea. Figure 5 is a schematic view of a second embodiment of the gas permeability measuring device of the present invention. • Figure 6 is a schematic view of a third embodiment of the gas permeability measuring device of the present invention. [Main component symbol description] 10- Suction fan 9 0 - Object to be tested 11 - Clamp 12 - Round hole 13 - Air nozzle _ 14 - Tilt oil type barometer 15 - Straight oil type barometer 20 - Variable area valve 21- Reference Chamber 22 - Fixed Aperture Orifice Plate 23 - Gas Storage Chamber 24 - Test Chamber 25 - Variable Area Orifice Plate 26 - Micrometer 201107733 - Ventilation Measurement Device 30 - Hollow Body 300, 301 - Opening 31 - Fixture 32, 32a, 32b, 32c, 32d - Porous throttling element 320 - Outer frame 3 21 - Mask 33 - First differential pressure sensor 330 - Display unit 331, 332 - Sense Measuring terminal 34, 34a - second differential pressure sensing module 340 - display unit 341, 342, 341, 342, - sensing terminal 343 - coarse detection differential pressure sensor 344 - fine detection differential pressure sensing 345, 346 - display unit 3 - flow regulating portion 350 - fluid suction portion 3 51 - flow regulating valve 352 - control element 36 - control processing unit 360 - display unit 36 automatic control circuit 38 - temperature sensor 39 - Runner module 20 201107733 390 - First flow switching unit 3900 to 3902 - Valve 391 - Second flow switching portion 3910 to 3912 - Valve 392 to 394 - Flow path 90 - Test object 91 - Body