201103625 六、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明大體而言是關於使用隔膜之偵測裝置及方法，其用 於監視過濾隔膜之完整性及流體中污垢之存在，且更特定伸 非排他而言，是關於具有整合清潔功能之偵測農置及方去 【先前技術】 在使用一或多個隔膜來過濾流體的過濾隔膜系統中使用 镇測裝置或偵測方法，大體上為已知的。一種此偵測裝置及 方法由本申請人在第WO 2007/㈣94號PCT公開案中提 出’其内谷以引用方式併入本文。在該種裳置及方法中來 自過濾隔膜的流出物被引導穿過第一可滲透隔膜，隨後穿過 第二可滲透隔膜。本文使用之術語「職隔膜」表示在偵= 裝置上游的過濾'隔膜系統之—或多個隔膜過滤器，而術語 「可滲透隔膜」表示偵測裝置之一或多個隔膜。在流出物穿。 過可滲透隔膜時，對第-可滲透隔膜之饋送側處的第一壓力 Pi、第一與第二可滲透隔膜之間的第二壓力h、及第二可滲 透隔膜之參透側處的第三壓力p3進行測量。隨後，使用等 式Π (P】_ P2)/(P2 - p3)來確定-j固稱為相對跨薄膜壓力 (TMP)的比率J7 ’且將其肋確定過遽隔膜之完整性、或流 粗中污垢之存在。在所描述實施例t，此是藉由確定比率Η 或比率之時間導數叩沾是否高於相應閾值而進行的。 雖然以上偵測裝置及方法提供監視過滤隔膜之完整性、或 099120055 201103625 ，但，仍已觀察 流體t污垢之存在的相對簡單且便宜的方式 至J ΊΓ滲透隔膜之哥命減少的缺陷。 【發明内容】 f發明在所附申請專· _立項巾界定。本發明之一些 任選的特徵麵㈣請翻·附屬射界定。 在一項特定表達中，本發明是關於一種伯測裝置，包含： 第一可滲透隔膜、及第二可渗透隔膜；中間區段，位在第一 可料隔膜與第二可渗透隔膜之間；以及，至少兩個壓力感 測為’被組態成為產生用於確定(pa)與I⑸之間的比 率的信號1 &為鄰近於第—可渗透_之外表面的壓 力’ P2為第-與第二可滲透隔膜之間的壓力，且p3為鄰近 於第二可滲透隔狀絲_壓力；此裝置被組態成為：在 第一操作模式中，允許流體自第一可滲透隔膜之外表面滲透 至中間區段，且至第二可滲透隔膜之外；以及，在第二操作 模式中，允許流體自中間區段滲透至第一可滲透隔膜之外表 較佳地，此種裝置進一步被組態成為：允許在第二可滲透 隔膜之外表面上所接收的至少一些流體滲透穿過該等可參 透隔膜’並在該等可滲透隔膜之間流動，且至第一可滲透隔 膜之外。 較佳地，此種裝置進一步包含至少一個入口及至少一個出 口’其被組癌成為逆轉該等可渗透隔膜之間的流動，以便在 099120055 5 201103625 第‘作模式與第二操作模式之間切換。較佳地，該至少一 個入口包含第一入口及第二入口’且其中，該至少一個出口 包含第一出口及第二出口。 較佳地，第—可渗透隔膜被組態成為：允許在第一入口處 所接收的流體在第—可滲透隔膜上流動至第—出口，且允許 其中-些流體滲透穿過第一及第二可滲透隔膜，而流動至第 二出口之外；且其中’第二可滲透隔膜被組態成為：允許在 第二入口處所接收的流體在第二可滲透隔膜上流動至第二 出口’且允許其中—些流體渗透穿過第二及第-可渗透p 膜’而流動至第一出口之外。 較佳地’第一可滲透隔膜配置於一個實質上平行於一條位 於第一入口與第-出口之間的路徑的平面上，而且，第二可 滲透隔膜配置於-個實質上平行於—條位於第二入口與第 二出口之間的路徑的平面上。 較佳地，此種裝置進一步包含壓力控制器，其係配置於第 一及第二可滲透隔膜之上游；此壓力控制器被組態成為執行 選自於下各項所組成的群組中之一或多者：減小待遞送至第 一及第二可滲透隔膜的流體之壓力’以及，平緩待遞送至第 一及第二可滲透隔膜的流體之壓力。 較佳地，此種裝置進一步包含控制閥，其係配置於第一及 第二可滲透隔膜之上游、及壓力控制器之下游；此控制閥可 受控制，以將流體引導至第一及第二可滲透隔膜其中之一。 099120055 6 201103625 較佳地，控制閥為三向控制閥，其具有被組態成為將流體引 導至第一入口的第一打開位置、被組態成為將流體引導至第 二入口的第二打開位置、及被組態成為防止流體到達第一及 第二入口的關閉位置。 較佳地，此種裝置進一步包含調節閥，其係配置於第一及 第二可滲透隔膜中之每一者之下游；每一調節閥被組態成為 調節各別的可滲透隔膜外的流體壓力。 較佳地，中間區段包括被組態成為直接自源頭接收流體的 入口。較佳地，呈此形式的裝置進一步包含出口閥，其係配 置於第二可滲透隔膜之下游；此出口閥被組態成為在關閉時 迫使來自中間區段之入口的流體，流動至第一可滲透隔膜之 外。較佳地，此種裝置亦進一步包含泵，其係被組態成為自 源頭抽汲流體至中間區段之入口。 較佳地，第一可滲透隔膜及第二可滲透隔膜各自被多孔板 所支撐。較佳地，多孔板具有至少45 μπι、且較佳約100 μιη 之平均孔隙尺寸。 較佳地，此種裝置進一步包含放氣管，其係被組態成為排 放截留於第一與第二可滲透隔膜之間的空氣。 較佳地，此種裝置進一步包含複數個平行葉片，其係配置 於第一及第二可滲透隔膜之外表面上或其鄰近處。 較佳地，該至少兩個壓力感測器包含第一壓力感測器、第 二壓力感測器、及第三壓力感測器，其中，第一及第三壓力 099120055 7 201103625 感測器分別被組態成為產生指示出第一入口與第 間的璧力、及第二人口與第二出口之間的壓力的信辦。 較佳地，該至少兩個虔力感測器包含第一差壓計及第二差 愿計，其中’第一差壓計被組態成為測量(PA)之屋力差， 且其中，第一差壓汁被組態成為測量之塵力差。 在另-項特定表達中，本發明是關於一種侦測方法，使用 第一可渗透隔膜、第二可渗透隔膜、及位於第—可滲透隔膜 與第二可滲透隔膜之間的中間區段，而每—可滲透區段具有 -個外表I此方法包含：使频自第—可料隔膜之外表 面流動至中間區段，且至第：可滲透_之外；確定(A, 與(p2-p3)之間的比率，而5為鄰近於第一可滲透隔膜之外 表面的壓力’ p2為第—與第二可滲透隔膜之間的壓力，而 且p3為鄰近於第二可參透隔膜之外表面的壓力；以及， 使流體自中間區段流動至第—可滲透隔膜之外表面。 車乂佳地’此種方法進一步包含：使流體在第二可渗透隔膜 之外表面上動’且允許至少一些流體滲透穿過第二可滲透 隔膜，並在料可滲透隔膜之間流動，且至第—可滲透隔膜 之外。 較佳地，此種方法進一步包含：逆轉該等可滲透隔膜之間 的流體之流動。 較佳地，此種方法進一步包含：在第一入口處接收流體， 且使流體在第一可滲透隔膜上流動至第一出口，而至少一些 099120055 201103625 流體滲透穿過第一及第二可滲透隔膜，且流動至第二出口之 外；以及，在第二入口處接收流體，且使流體在第二可滲透 隔膜上流動至第二出口，而至少一些流體滲透穿過第二及第 一可滲透隔膜，且流動至第一出口之外。 較佳地，逆轉流動之步驟包含：可控制地將流體引導至第 一可滲透隔膜或第二可滲透隔膜。 較佳地，此種方法進一步包含：使正引導至第一可滲透隔 膜或第二可滲透隔膜的流體之壓力減小或平緩。 較佳地，此種方法進一步包含：調節第一可滲透隔膜或第 二可滲透隔膜外的流體壓力。 較佳地，此種方法進一步包含：排放截留於第一與第二可 滲透隔膜之間的空氣。 較佳地，使流體自中間區段流動至第一可滲透隔膜之外表 面之步驟包含：將流體自源頭抽汲至中間區段中之入口。較 佳地，呈此形式的方法進一步包含：限制第二可滲透隔膜外 的流體流動，以迫使經由入口流入中間區段的大部分流體， 流動至第一可滲透隔膜之外。 在又一項特定表達中，本發明是關於一種包含上述裝置的 處理系統，其係與一個上游過濾隔膜系統呈流體連通，其 中，在該裝置之第一或第二可滲透隔膜上所接收的流體為該 上游過濾隔膜系統之流出物。 較佳地，此種系統進一步包含控制單元，其係被組態成為： 099120055 9 201103625 自該裝置之壓力感測器接收信號； 確定(Pl_ P〗)與(？2 _卩3)之間的比率，以及 使該比率與選自於以下各項所組成的群組中之一者相關 聯：上游過濾隔膜系統之故障，以及，流出物中之污垢之存 在。 較佳地，控制單元進一步被組態成為基於一個預設間隔、 或(Ρι-Ρ2)與(P2 -P3)之間的比率之一個預設值，交替地將流 體引導至第一及第二可滲透隔膜。 較佳地，控制單元進一步被組態成為控制來自該裝置之出 口的流體之收集，且控制一個泵，以經由中間區段中之入 口，將所收集的流體抽汲至中間區段中。當然，此流體無須 為所收集的流體，而是可為任何清潔流體。 藉由使用結合有申請專利範圍獨立項或上述特定表達之 特徵的裝置、方法或系統，使第一可滲透隔膜處、或第一與 第二可滲透隔膜之間的流動逆轉成為可能，其有效地允許在 偵測裝置或方法在使用中的同時回洗及清潔可滲透隔膜。具 體而言，藉由逆轉穿過可滲透隔膜之流體流動，可移出已沈 積於可滲透隔膜之孔上或孔内的污垢。如此防止可滲透隔膜 過早積垢，且因此延長可滲透隔膜之使用壽命，而無需停工 時間來清潔可滲透隔膜。類似的優點適用於本發明之諸實施 例，其係藉由將流體直接引入或抽汲至兩個可滲透隔膜之間 的腔室中來提供中心回洗，而非在可滲透隔膜之間提供流動 099120055 10 201103625 逆轉。由本發明得到的此項優點及其它優點將自以下描述明 瞭。 【實施方式】 現將參見附圖描述此種裝置、方法及系統之較佳實施例。 參見圖1，較佳實施例之裝置1〇〇包括第一及第二可滲透 隔膜，其呈現第一隔膜試片1〇2及第二隔臈試片104之形 式。每—隔膜試片102、104選擇性地允許某些物質滲透穿 過仁不允终其它物質穿過。亦即，每一隔膜試片1〇2、1〇4 為多孔的，且允許滲透物穿過。 隔膜試片102、104被選擇成為使得給定污垢在饋送至隔 膜°式片時，將致使隔膜試片之積垢。積垢為導致隔膜試片之 效能降低的過程，其係由懸浮固體在外部或外表面上、在隔 膜试片之隔膜孔上、或隔膜試片之隔膜孔内的沈積所引起。 典型的污垢為具有比隔膜試片之孔隙尺寸為大的尺寸的粒 子。其它類型之潛在污垢將為熟習此項技術者已知，且可包 括由於其化學或物理性質而吸附在隔膜表面上的其它物 i，包含但不限於生物污垢(biofouiant)。 第一及第二隔臈試片102、104中之每一者具有外表面 102a、lG4a及内表面議、腾，且被組態成為允許在諸 隔膜試片其中之—之外表面上所接收的至少—些流體渗透 穿過該等隔膜試片中之該—者’在隔膜試片之間流動，且渗 透至諸隔膜試片中之另一者之外。將在稍後參見圖2人及26 099120055 11 201103625 描述較佳形式組態之細節。 〇又置至^個人口及至少一個丨口，允許諸隔膜試片 102、104之間的流動為可逆。在所示實施例中，第一隔膜 。式片102被組態成為允許在第一入口觸處所接收的流體在 第一隔膜試片102之外表面l〇2a上流動至第-出口 108, 且允终其中-些流體滲透穿過第一隔膜試Μ 1()2及第二隔 膜試片104，以流動至第二出〇 11〇之外。類似地，第二隔 膜试片104被組態成為允許在第二入口 112處所接收的流體 在第二隔膜試片1〇4之外表面1〇4a上流動至第二出口 11〇, 且允許其中一些流體滲透穿過第二隔膜試片ι〇4及第一隔 膜試片102 ’以流動至第一出口 ι〇8之外。 在此實施例中，裝置1〇〇亦包括第一、第二、及第三壓力 感測益A、B及C，其被組態成為產生用於確定(Ρι_ρ2)與d -P3)之間的比率的壓力信號；匕為鄰近於第一隔膜試片1〇2 之外表面102a的壓力（即，第一入口 1〇6與第一出口 1〇8之 間的壓力）’P2為第一隔膜試片1〇2與第二隔膜試片1〇4之 間的壓力，而且，P3為鄰近於第二隔膜試片1〇4之外表面 l〇4a的壓力（即，第二入口 112與第二出口 n〇之間的壓 力）。本說明書中將在稍後描述感測器A、B及C之操作。 在此實施例中，裝置100亦包括位在隔膜試片1〇2、1〇4 之上游、且藉由管路或類似管道而連接至第一入口 1〇6及第 一入口 112的呈減屋闊形式的壓力控制器114。如下文將描 099120055 12 201103625 述’壓力控制1 114被組態成為減小及/或平緩待遞送至隔 膜試片102、104的流體之壓力。 裝置100純括配置於第一及第二隔膜試片102、1〇4之 上游、及壓力控制器114之下游的呈三向閥116之形式的控 . 制閥。在較佳形式中，三向閥116位於壓力控制器114與第 -及第二入口 106、112之間。三向閥116具有兩個打開位 置及-個關閉位置。在第-打開位置中，流體被引導至第一 入口啊即’至第-隔膜試片1〇2)，而且，無流體被引導 至第一入口 112，而在第二打開位置中，流體被引導至第二 入口 m(即’至第二隔膜試片刚）^且，無流體被引導 至第-入口 1()6。在關閉位置中，三向閥116被組態成為防 止流體流動至第一及第二隔膜試片102、1〇4。 呈凋節閥118及120之形式的另外的閥，配置於第一及第 二隔膜試片102、104中每-者之下游、或第一出口 1〇8及 第二出π 11G之下游的管路或類似f道上，以調節各別的隔 膜試片或出口外的流體壓力及/或流體流動。 . &置多孔板122及124’以支撐第-及第二隔膜試片1〇2、 -1〇4’同時，允許流體滲透穿過隔膜試片102、104之表面。 多孔板122、124各自具有大於其隔膜試片之孔的平均孔隙 尺寸，而不會限制穿過隔膜試片的流動。在較佳形式中，多 孔板122、丨24為具有至少45Mm、且更佳約1〇〇μιη的平均 孔隙尺寸的多孔鋼板。 099120055 13 201103625 裝置100亦包括配置於第一及第二隔膜試片102、104之 外表面l〇2a、104a上或其鄰近處的複數個平行葉片126、 128。在較佳形式中，該複數個平行葉片126、128配置於第 一入口 106與第一出口 108之間，及第二入口 112與第二出 口 11〇之間。葉片126、128被組態成為將在隔膜試片之外 表面上所接收的流體導引或導向至其出口，或更一般而言， 將流體自入口導向至其對應的出口。葉片126、128亦用以 在逆流循環期間對各別的隔膜試片102、104提供支撐。亦 設置了具有兩個排氣通道130a及130b的放氣管130，以排 放截留於第一與第二隔膜試片102、104之間的空氣，此空 氣原本可能妨礙第一與第二隔膜試片102、104之間或穿過 其間的流體流動。 現將參見圖2A及2B描述以上較佳形式裝置之操作。在 圖2A中，展示流體（大體上以箭頭F指示）正進入裝置。具 體而言，來自上游源頭的饋送被引導通過壓力控制器114， 以平緩傳入流體之壓力（或如稍後將描述之壓力p〇 ,及/或 消除過量的上游壓力。 一旦經過壓力控制器114，流體便由設定於第一打開位置 的二向控制閥116導向至第一入口 1 〇6。如此提供以下的第 一操作模式：第一入口 106處之流體在第一隔膜試片i〇2 上流過’且由複數個平行葉片126導向至第一出口 1〇8。其 中一些流體（以虛線箭頭指示)滲透穿過第一隔膜試片1〇2及 099120055 14 201103625 多孔鋼板122，進入中間區段200。在較佳實施例中，中間 區段200實質上位於隔膜試片102、1〇4之間的距離之中間， 但此並非至關重要的，因為，可替代地實施成為隔膜試片 102、104之間的中間區段2〇〇之不對稱配置。來自多孔板 122、124的路徑朝向中間區段20〇呈削尖狀，以便將多孔 板122、124支撐且緊固於適當位置’同時允許壓力p2之有 效捕捉’且同時，提供了隔膜試片102、1〇4處之最大滲透 表面積。可能妨礙流體渗透的截留於中間區段200中的空 氣’通過放氣管130而排放。中間區段2〇〇中之所有流體’ 隨後滲透穿過多孔鋼板丨24及第二隔膜試片1〇4，以流動至 第二出口 110之外。將瞭解，已僅為了清楚而將虛線箭頭說 明為滲透穿過隔膜試片1〇2、1〇4之中間，因而並非限制性 的。實際的流體滲透’在各別的隔膜試片之整個表面上發生。 在以上操作期間，藉由在圖1所示位置中之第一、第二及 第三壓力感測器A、B及C，取得壓力讀數。感測器A取得201103625 VI. Description of the Invention: [Technical Field] The present invention generally relates to a detecting device and method for using a diaphragm for monitoring the integrity of a filter diaphragm and the presence of dirt in a fluid, and more specifically Exclusively, it is about detecting the farm and the integrated cleaning function. [Prior Art] The use of the ballast device or the detection method in the filter diaphragm system using one or more diaphragms to filter the fluid is basically Known. One such detection device and method is presented by the Applicant in the PCT Publication No. WO 2007/(IV) 94, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. The effluent from the filtration membrane is directed through the first permeable membrane and then through the second permeable membrane. The term "working membrane" as used herein means a filter 'membrane system upstream of the detector = or a plurality of membrane filters, and the term "permeable membrane" means one or more membranes of the detection device. Wear in the effluent. When passing through the permeable membrane, the first pressure Pi at the feed side of the first permeable membrane, the second pressure h between the first and second permeable membranes, and the first at the penetration side of the second permeable membrane Three pressures p3 are measured. Subsequently, the equation Π(P]_P2)/(P2 - p3) is used to determine the ratio of -j to the relative transmembrane pressure (TMP) ratio J7' and the ribs are determined to be the integrity, or flow of the diaphragm. The presence of coarse dirt. In the described embodiment t, this is done by determining whether the time derivative of the ratio Η or ratio is above the corresponding threshold. While the above detection apparatus and methods provide for monitoring the integrity of the filter membrane, or 099120055 201103625, a relatively simple and inexpensive way of observing the presence of fluid t-stains has been observed to reduce the fate of the J osmosis membrane. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The f invention is defined in the attached application. Some of the optional features of the present invention (4) are defined by the flip-flops. In a particular expression, the invention relates to a primary test device comprising: a first permeable membrane, and a second permeable membrane; an intermediate section positioned between the first and second permeable membranes And, at least two pressure sensings are 'configured to generate a signal for determining the ratio between (pa) and I(5) 1 & a pressure adjacent to the surface of the first permeable_P2 is a pressure between the second permeable membrane and p3 being adjacent to the second permeable barrier filament_pressure; the device being configured to allow fluid from the first permeable membrane in the first mode of operation The outer surface penetrates into the intermediate section and out of the second permeable membrane; and, in the second mode of operation, allows fluid to penetrate from the intermediate section to the first permeable membrane. Preferably, such apparatus further Configuring to allow at least some of the fluid received on the outer surface of the second permeable membrane to penetrate through and through the permeable membranes and to the first permeable membrane outer. Preferably, such a device further comprises at least one inlet and at least one outlet 'which is cancerated to reverse the flow between the permeable membranes to switch between the mode of operation and the second mode of operation between 099120055 5 201103625 . Preferably, the at least one inlet comprises a first inlet and a second inlet' and wherein the at least one outlet comprises a first outlet and a second outlet. Preferably, the first permeable membrane is configured to allow fluid received at the first inlet to flow over the first permeable membrane to the first outlet, and to allow some of the fluid to permeate through the first and second The membrane is permeable to flow out of the second outlet; and wherein the 'second permeable membrane is configured to allow fluid received at the second inlet to flow over the second permeable membrane to the second outlet' and allows Wherein some of the fluid permeates through the second and first permeable p-films and flows out of the first outlet. Preferably, the first permeable membrane is disposed in a plane substantially parallel to a path between the first inlet and the first outlet, and wherein the second permeable membrane is disposed substantially parallel to the strip Located on the plane of the path between the second inlet and the second outlet. Preferably, the apparatus further includes a pressure controller disposed upstream of the first and second permeable membranes; the pressure controller configured to perform execution from the group consisting of the following One or more: reducing the pressure of the fluid to be delivered to the first and second permeable membranes' and the pressure of the fluid to be delivered to the first and second permeable membranes. Preferably, the apparatus further includes a control valve disposed upstream of the first and second permeable membranes and downstream of the pressure controller; the control valve being controllable to direct fluid to the first and the first One of the two permeable membranes. 099120055 6 201103625 Preferably, the control valve is a three-way control valve having a first open position configured to direct fluid to the first inlet, a second open position configured to direct fluid to the second inlet And configured to prevent fluid from reaching the closed position of the first and second inlets. Preferably, the apparatus further includes a regulating valve disposed downstream of each of the first and second permeable membranes; each regulating valve configured to regulate a fluid external to the respective permeable membrane pressure. Preferably, the intermediate section includes an inlet configured to receive fluid directly from the source. Preferably, the device in this form further comprises an outlet valve disposed downstream of the second permeable membrane; the outlet valve being configured to force fluid from the inlet of the intermediate section to flow to the first when closed Permeable outside the diaphragm. Preferably, such a device further includes a pump configured to tap the fluid from the source to the inlet of the intermediate section. Preferably, the first permeable membrane and the second permeable membrane are each supported by a perforated plate. Preferably, the porous sheet has an average pore size of at least 45 μm, and preferably about 100 μηη. Preferably, such a device further includes a venting tube configured to vent air trapped between the first and second permeable membranes. Preferably, such a device further comprises a plurality of parallel vanes disposed on or adjacent to the outer surfaces of the first and second permeable membranes. Preferably, the at least two pressure sensors comprise a first pressure sensor, a second pressure sensor, and a third pressure sensor, wherein the first and third pressures are 099120055 7 201103625 respectively It is configured to generate a signal indicating the pressure between the first inlet and the first and the pressure between the second population and the second outlet. Preferably, the at least two force sensors comprise a first differential pressure gauge and a second difference meter, wherein the first differential pressure gauge is configured to measure (PA) the house force difference, and wherein A differential pressure juice is configured to measure the difference in dust force. In another specific expression, the invention relates to a method of detecting, using a first permeable membrane, a second permeable membrane, and an intermediate section between the first permeable membrane and the second permeable membrane, And each permeable section has an appearance I. The method comprises: causing the frequency to flow from the outer surface of the first-feedable membrane to the intermediate section, and to the first: permeable outside; determining (A, and (p2) a ratio between -p3), and 5 is a pressure adjacent to the outer surface of the first permeable membrane 'p2 is the pressure between the first and second permeable membranes, and p3 is adjacent to the second permeable membrane The pressure of the outer surface; and, the flow of fluid from the intermediate section to the outer surface of the first permeable membrane. The method further comprises: causing the fluid to move on the outer surface of the second permeable membrane and Allowing at least some of the fluid to permeate through the second permeable membrane and flow between the permeable membranes and out of the first permeable membrane. Preferably, the method further comprises: reversing the permeable membranes The flow of fluid between. The method further includes receiving fluid at the first inlet and flowing the fluid over the first permeable membrane to the first outlet, and at least some of the 099120055 201103625 fluid permeating through the first and second permeable membranes, And flowing out of the second outlet; and receiving fluid at the second inlet and flowing the fluid over the second permeable membrane to the second outlet, and at least some of the fluid permeating through the second and first permeable membrane And flowing to the outside of the first outlet. Preferably, the step of reversing the flow comprises: controllably directing the fluid to the first permeable membrane or the second permeable membrane. Preferably, the method further comprises: The pressure of the fluid being directed to the first permeable membrane or the second permeable membrane is reduced or gentle. Preferably, the method further comprises: adjusting the fluid pressure outside the first permeable membrane or the second permeable membrane. Preferably, the method further comprises: discharging air trapped between the first and second permeable membranes. Preferably, flowing the fluid from the intermediate section to the first The step of osmosis of the outer surface of the membrane comprises: pumping fluid from the source to the inlet in the intermediate section. Preferably, the method in this form further comprises: restricting fluid flow outside the second permeable membrane to force passage through the inlet Most of the fluid flowing into the intermediate section flows out of the first permeable membrane. In yet another particular expression, the invention relates to a treatment system comprising the above apparatus in fluid communication with an upstream filtration membrane system Wherein the fluid received on the first or second permeable membrane of the apparatus is the effluent of the upstream filtration membrane system. Preferably, such a system further comprises a control unit configured to: 099120055 9 201103625 Receives a signal from the pressure sensor of the device; determines the ratio between (Pl_P) and (?2 _卩3), and causes the ratio to be selected from the group consisting of One is associated with the failure of the upstream filtration diaphragm system and the presence of dirt in the effluent. Preferably, the control unit is further configured to alternately direct the fluid to the first and second based on a preset interval, or a preset value of a ratio between (Ρι-Ρ2) and (P2-P3) Permeable diaphragm. Preferably, the control unit is further configured to control the collection of fluid from the outlet of the apparatus and to control a pump to draw the collected fluid into the intermediate section via the inlet in the intermediate section. Of course, this fluid need not be the fluid collected, but can be any cleaning fluid. Reversing the flow between the first permeable membrane, or between the first and second permeable membranes, by using a device, method or system incorporating the features of the claimed patent or the specific expression of the above-described specific expression, is effective The floor allows backwashing and cleaning of the permeable membrane while the detection device or method is in use. Specifically, by reversing the flow of fluid through the permeable membrane, dirt that has deposited on the pores or pores of the permeable membrane can be removed. This prevents premature fouling of the permeable membrane and thus extends the useful life of the permeable membrane without the need for downtime to clean the permeable membrane. Similar advantages apply to embodiments of the present invention by providing a central backwash by direct introduction or pumping of fluid into the chamber between the two permeable membranes, rather than providing between the permeable membranes Flow 099120055 10 201103625 Reversal. This and other advantages obtained by the present invention will be apparent from the following description. [Embodiment] A preferred embodiment of such an apparatus, method and system will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Referring to Fig. 1, the apparatus 1 of the preferred embodiment includes first and second permeable membranes in the form of a first membrane test piece 1〇2 and a second barrier test piece 104. Each of the membrane test strips 102, 104 selectively allows certain materials to penetrate through the kernel and not allow other materials to pass through. That is, each of the separator test pieces 1〇2, 1〇4 is porous and allows permeate to pass through. The diaphragm test strips 102, 104 are selected such that when a given soil is fed to the diaphragm, it will cause fouling of the diaphragm test piece. The fouling is a process which causes a decrease in the performance of the diaphragm test piece, which is caused by the deposition of suspended solids on the outer or outer surface, on the membrane pores of the membrane test piece, or in the membrane pores of the membrane test piece. A typical soil is a particle having a size larger than the pore size of the separator test piece. Other types of potential soils will be known to those skilled in the art and may include other materials that are adsorbed on the surface of the membrane due to their chemical or physical properties, including but not limited to biofouiants. Each of the first and second barrier test strips 102, 104 has an outer surface 102a, lG4a and an inner surface, and is configured to allow receipt on the outer surface of the septum test strips At least some of the fluid permeates through the membranes of the membranes - flowing between the membranes and penetrating the other of the membranes. Details of the preferred form configuration will be described later with reference to Figures 2 and 26 099120055 11 201103625. The 〇 is again placed to the personal mouth and at least one mouth, allowing the flow between the diaphragm test pieces 102, 104 to be reversible. In the illustrated embodiment, the first diaphragm. The die 102 is configured to allow fluid received at the first inlet contact to flow over the outer surface 110a of the first diaphragm test piece 102 to the first outlet 108, and to allow some of the fluid to permeate through the first The diaphragm test 1 () 2 and the second diaphragm test piece 104 flow to the outside of the second exit 11 〇. Similarly, the second diaphragm test strip 104 is configured to allow fluid received at the second inlet 112 to flow over the outer surface 1〇4a of the second diaphragm test piece 1〇4 to the second outlet 11〇, and to allow Some of the fluid permeates through the second membrane test strip ι 4 and the first membrane test strip 102' to flow out of the first outlet ι 8 . In this embodiment, the device 1〇〇 also includes first, second, and third pressure sensing benefits A, B, and C that are configured to be generated for determining between (Ρι_ρ2) and d-P3) The pressure signal of the ratio; 匕 is the pressure adjacent to the outer surface 102a of the first diaphragm test piece 1〇2 (ie, the pressure between the first inlet 1〇6 and the first outlet 1〇8) 'P2 is the first The pressure between the diaphragm test piece 1〇2 and the second diaphragm test piece 1〇4, and P3 is the pressure adjacent to the outer surface l〇4a of the second diaphragm test piece 1〇4 (ie, the second inlet 112 and The pressure between the second outlet n〇). The operation of the sensors A, B, and C will be described later in this specification. In this embodiment, the apparatus 100 also includes a display that is located upstream of the diaphragm test strips 1, 2, and 1 and connected to the first inlet 1 and the first inlet 112 by a pipe or the like. A pressure controller 114 in the form of a house. The pressure control 1 114 is configured to reduce and/or relieve the pressure of the fluid to be delivered to the diaphragm test strips 102, 104, as will be described below. The apparatus 100 is purely disposed in the form of a three-way valve 116 disposed upstream of the first and second diaphragm test strips 102, 1〇4 and downstream of the pressure controller 114. In a preferred form, the three-way valve 116 is located between the pressure controller 114 and the first and second inlets 106, 112. The three-way valve 116 has two open positions and a closed position. In the first open position, fluid is directed to the first inlet, i.e., to the first diaphragm test strip 1〇2, and no fluid is directed to the first inlet 112, while in the second open position, the fluid is Guided to the second inlet m (ie 'to the second diaphragm test piece just) ^ and no fluid is directed to the first inlet 1 () 6. In the closed position, the three-way valve 116 is configured to prevent fluid flow to the first and second diaphragm test strips 102, 1〇4. Additional valves in the form of detent valves 118 and 120 are disposed downstream of each of the first and second diaphragm test strips 102, 104, or downstream of the first outlet 1 〇 8 and the second π 11G Pipes or similar channels to regulate fluid pressure and/or fluid flow outside the individual diaphragm test strips or outlets. The porous plates 122 and 124' are placed to support the first and second diaphragm test pieces 1〇2, -1〇4' while allowing fluid to permeate through the surfaces of the diaphragm test pieces 102, 104. The perforated plates 122, 124 each have an average pore size larger than the pores of their membrane test pieces without restricting the flow through the membrane test piece. In a preferred form, the manifolds 122, 24 are porous steel sheets having an average pore size of at least 45 Mm, and more preferably about 1 μm. 099120055 13 201103625 Apparatus 100 also includes a plurality of parallel vanes 126, 128 disposed on or adjacent to outer surfaces 10a, 104a of first and second diaphragm test strips 102, 104. In a preferred form, the plurality of parallel vanes 126, 128 are disposed between the first inlet 106 and the first outlet 108 and between the second inlet 112 and the second outlet 11?. The vanes 126, 128 are configured to direct or direct fluid received on the outer surface of the diaphragm test strip to its outlet or, more generally, to direct fluid from the inlet to its corresponding outlet. The vanes 126, 128 are also used to provide support for the respective diaphragm test strips 102, 104 during the countercurrent cycle. A venting tube 130 having two exhaust passages 130a and 130b is also provided to vent air trapped between the first and second diaphragm test strips 102, 104, which may otherwise interfere with the first and second diaphragm test strips Fluid flow between or across 102, 104. The operation of the above preferred form of apparatus will now be described with reference to Figures 2A and 2B. In Figure 2A, the display fluid (generally indicated by arrow F) is entering the device. Specifically, the feed from the upstream source is directed through the pressure controller 114 to smooth the pressure of the incoming fluid (or pressure p〇 as will be described later, and/or eliminate excess upstream pressure. Once passed through the pressure controller 114, the fluid is directed to the first inlet 1 〇6 by the two-way control valve 116 set in the first open position. The first mode of operation is thus provided: the fluid at the first inlet 106 is in the first diaphragm test piece i〇 2 flows up through ' and is directed by a plurality of parallel vanes 126 to the first outlet 1〇8. Some of the fluid (indicated by the dashed arrow) permeates through the first diaphragm test piece 1〇2 and 099120055 14 201103625 perforated steel plate 122 into the middle Section 200. In the preferred embodiment, the intermediate section 200 is substantially intermediate the distance between the diaphragm strips 102, 1〇4, but this is not critical since it can alternatively be implemented as a diaphragm test The asymmetric configuration of the intermediate section 2〇〇 between the sheets 102, 104. The path from the perforated plates 122, 124 is sharpened toward the intermediate section 20〇 to support and secure the perforated plates 122, 124 to the appropriate Bit 'Also allows effective capture of pressure p2' and at the same time, provides the maximum permeate surface area at the diaphragm test strips 102, 1 〇 4. The air trapped in the intermediate section 200, which may hinder fluid permeation, is discharged through the venting tube 130. All of the fluid in the intermediate section 2〇〇 subsequently permeates through the porous steel sheet 24 and the second diaphragm test piece 1〇4 to flow out of the second outlet 110. It will be understood that the dotted arrow has been shown for clarity only. It is illustrated as penetrating through the middle of the diaphragm test piece 1〇2, 1〇4, and thus is not limiting. The actual fluid permeation 'occurs on the entire surface of the respective diaphragm test piece. During the above operation, by The first, second, and third pressure sensors A, B, and C in the position shown in Figure 1 take pressure readings. Sensor A obtains
Pi之讀數，感測器B取得Pa之讀數，且感測器c取得匕 之頃數。諸壓力感測器之讀數隨後被處理，以確定跨諸隔膜 壓力之比率Π。如自申請人之第WO 2007/129994號pCT公 開案將瞭解’比率Π是藉由計算(Ρι _P2)/(P2_P3)而確定。此 項計算可由資料處理單元或類似控制單元進行，而此單元可 相應於接收㈣力讀數、或在任何給定時間，確定比率订。 時間t處的比率為： 099120055 15 201103625 n(t)=[(P1(t)-P2(t)]/[p2(t).p3(t)] 熟習此項技術者將瞭解’ [_侧為第-隔膜試片102 之跨隔膜壓力，而収㈣咖為第二隔膜試片HM之跨隔 膜壓力’從而使π成為_跨隔_力之比率。如申請人之 早先PCT公開案中揭露’比率Π可隨時間變化，且;與此 裝置中正被接收的流體中；亏拔夕六— T/了垢之存在、且因此與上游過濾、隔 膜之故障相關聯。 預設的Π值、或使用者之 第二打開位置，以實現圖 在某點’無論基於預設的間隔、 命令，將三向控制閥116移動至 2Β中所說明的第二操作模式。此處，來自上游源頭的流體 由三向控制閥116導向至第二入 口 112，使其在第二隔膜試 片104上流過，並由複數個平行葉片128導向至第二出口 110。其中—些流體（以虛線箭頭指示）渗透穿過第二隔膜試 片104及多孔鋼板124，進入中間區段2〇〇。如同第一操作 模式般’截留於中間區段200中的空氣，通過放氣管13〇 而排放。中間區段200中之所有滲透流體，隨後滲透穿過多 孔鋼板122及第一隔膜試片102,以流動至第一出口 1〇8之 外。同時，壓力感測益Α及C之角色顛倒—感測器a用以 確定P3之值，而感測器C則用以確定Pl之值。連續地取得 壓力讀數且進行處理，以確定Π。 第一操作模式與第二操作模式之間的一項差異為：第一模 式中，諸隔膜試片102、104之間的流動（即，中間區段中之 099120055 16 201103625 机動）貫負上為第二模式中之流動的反轉（即，在實質上相反 方向上的流動）。如此允許對有流體滲透出的隔膜試片進行 回洗或β 4。亦即，在圖2B之第二操作模式中，第一隔膜 4片102疋藉助於第一隔膜試片1〇2外的流動來清潔，從 在圖2A之知作之後，移出截留於第一隔膜試片1〇2之 孔上或孔中的任何污垢。類似地’若如圖2A所示，第-操 乍：弋在第-操作模式之後被重複，則第二隔膜試片104 將藉助於第二隔膜試片刚外的流動來清潔，從而，在圖 2B之操作之後，移出截留於第二隔膜試片1G4之孔上或孔 中的任何污垢。在較佳形式中，在任—時間，僅實施以上操 作模式中之—者，且藉由在第—與第二操作模式之間交替， 來清潔隔膜試片。 如自圖2Α及2Β可見，第一隔祺試片1〇2配置於一個實 質上平行於第一入口 與第一出〇⑽之間的路徑的平面 上，而第二隔膜試片104則配置於一個實質上平行於第二入 口 II2與第二出卩110之間的路徑的平面上。如此允許進入 的流體在隔膜試片1()2、刚上流過（即，水平地流動，而非 垂直流動或受迫穿過），因此，提供了隔膜試片ι〇2、ι〇4上 之改良的交叉流動，且延長了隔膜試片1〇2、1〇4之壽命。 在車父佳形式中，隔膜試片102、104之平面實質上彼此平行。 雖然，圖1及2 A及2B中之 貞測裝置1 〇〇(及因而連帶的 隔膜試片102、104)被展示為在水平位置上操作，但，較佳 099120055 17 201103625 亦可垂直地定位裝置1〇〇，以使得隔膜試片1〇2、1〇4處於 垂直位置（或使隔膜試片102、104本身垂直地定位）。如此 是有利的’因為，消除了重力之影響，使得隔膜試片102、 104二者皆可均勻地積垢。在水平位置上，已發現，第一隔 膜试片102比第二隔膜試片104更快地積垢。此係歸因於裝 置1〇〇之水平定位之重力影響。 見多見圖3 ’本發明之較佳實施例中之方法在步驟3〇〇處 開始，使流體在諸可參透隔财中之—之外表面上流動，且 Ί +些抓體渗透穿過諸可滲透隔膜其中之該-者，且 在諸可β動’並流動至諸可料隔膜中之另一 者之卜為了 β邊’以下描述假定步驟300涵蓋先前描述的 第一操作模式，其中古挪 _ _ L體在第一隔膜試片上流動。此操作 將在三向控制閥處於圖 ® 2A中所說明的第一打開位置時發 生0 在广驟302處，確定了跨隔膜壓力之比率（即，（Pr p2)與 (2 3)之間的比率，Ρι為第一入口與第一出口之間的壓 力一 P2為第—與第二可渗透隔膜之間的Μ力，而且，P3為 第-入Π與第二出口之間的壓力）。熟習此項技術者將瞭 I可連續地確定(假定連續地進行壓相量)該比率之值， 隔地來確I如此確定的tb率之該值或該等值，可 =人早先之PCT公開案中描述的相關過程中使用，或 儲存用於稍後處理。熟習此項技術者亦將瞭解，可使 099120055 18 201103625 用差壓傳感器來測量跨越可滲透隔膜102及104中之每一者 的壓力。 在某點，基於預設的間隔、預設的Π值、或使用者之命令， 此方法繼續至步驟304，其中，逆轉了可滲透隔膜之間的流 體之流動。在如早先描述的較佳形式中，此步驟在第二操作 模式中發生，其係在三向控制閥移動至第二打開位置時發 生。如此實現了如圖2B所說明的可滲透隔膜之間的流動， 其實質上處於與如圖2 A所說明的可滲透隔膜之間的流動相 反的方向上。如早先描述，由於流體自第二入口在第二可滲 透隔膜上流動至第二出口，所以，其中至少一些流體滲透穿 過第二可滲透隔膜及第一可滲透隔膜，以流動至第一出口之 外。此步驟之流動之作用在於，滲透第二隔膜試片及第一隔 膜試片的流體能夠在回洗動作中自第一隔膜試片移出任何 污垢，且有效地清潔第一隔膜試片。 一旦流動被逆轉，則此方法返回至步驟302，以確定跨隔 膜壓力比率，此時是基於如早先描述的感測器A及C之角 色之逆轉。對上游過濾隔膜之完整性之監視，因而在第一可 滲透隔膜處於回洗過程中時繼續下去。 在稍後某點，基於預設的間隔、預設的ΓΙ值、或使用者之 命令，在步驟304中再次逆轉諸可滲透隔膜之間的流體之流 動。此時，在此裝置監視著上游過濾隔膜之完整性的同時， 第二可滲透隔膜進行回洗。將瞭解，以上操作允許此裝置在 099120055 19 201103625 一個可滲透隔膜正被回洗之同時，監視著上游過濾隔膜之完 整性。 圖4中展示了體現以上裝置及方法的處理系統。裝置100 被展示為與裝置100之上游的其中具有過濾隔膜502的導管 500(或更一般而言，過濾隔膜系統）呈流體連通。自圖式内 容中顯見，在裝置100之第一入口或第二入口（或在第一及 第二隔膜試片之外表面上）處所接收的流體，為過濾隔膜502 之流出物。此系統亦包括控制單元504，其被組態成為自第 一、第二、及第三壓力感測器（圖中以實心圓表示）接收壓力 信號，以確定比率Π，且使該比率與選自於以下各項所組成 的群組中之一者相關：過濾隔膜502之故障，以及，流出物 中污垢之存在。控制單元504亦被展示為與壓力控制器 114、三向控制閥116、及調節閥118和120相連通，以控 制各別的組件。如此允許控制單元504尤其是基於預設的間 隔（例如，每2小時）、基於(Pr P2)與(P2 - P3)之間的比率之 預設值（即，在Π之測得值高於閾值時，控制單元504造成 諸可滲透隔膜之間的流動逆轉）、或基於使用者命令，而將 流體交替地導向至裝置100之第一可滲透隔膜及第二可滲 透隔膜。控制單元504亦被組態成為將一致的P!值維持於 預設值，以按預設間隔/時間、或使用者命令來排放空氣， 以及，設定壓力控制器114之操作壓力。 根據申請人之早先PCT公開案將暸解，當來自上游過濾 099120055 20 201103625 隔膜502的流出物實質上不含污垢時，流入裝置100中的流 體將亦實質上不含汚垢。在此狀態下’比率Π之值將保持相 對恆定，而且，其時間導數將為零或接近於零。然而，當流 出物（及因此進入裝置10〇中的流動）含有顯著量的污垢時， 第一及第二隔膜試片其中之一（取決於三向控制閥116之位 置）將開始積垢。具體而言，當上游過濾隔膜502故障時， 流入物中之污垢可穿過過濾隔膜502，且隨後馈送至各別的 隔膜試片。正被饋送至各別的隔膜試片的相當數量之污垢將 導致隔膜試片之積垢’其因而造成π之增加。π之改變速率 亦會增加，因為，當上游過濾隔膜502尚未故障時，緩慢的 積垢可能存在，但，在故障之後，積垢速率會變得顯著較快， 因而帶來Π之較高的改變速率。因此，比率π或其時間導數 dn/而可與污垢之存在及/或上游過濾隔膜502之故障相關 聯。在此系統中，本發明之較佳實施例之操作，是裝置100 之隔膜試；1之_流動之逆轉，以允許在此裝置繼續如上所 述操作之同時’清潔隔職片。如此嫌了自⑽中斷開或 移除裝置以清潔隔膜試片或改變隔膜試片的需要。 現將參見圖5Α及5Β描述使用本發明之裝置可獲得的實 例結果，錢展示料置之㈣性之賴結㈣曲線圖。此 等曲線圖具體展示此農置之在積垢之後藉由逆轉隔膜試片 之間的流動方向來恢復比率Π之值的能力。 在圖5Α之點Α處，此裝置在正常操作條件下，處於第一 099120055 21 201103625 操作模式t，而a，π之值設定成約為之正常值是藉 由控制以下各項中之—者或兩者來設定：⑴使用壓力控制器 及/或第一出口之下游的調節闕，㈣Ρι之值，或⑼使用第 二出口之下游的調節閥，控制?3之值，使得⑺_ ρ· 之值實質上為1。 隨後，在點Β1處’藉由將膨潤土(Bent〇nite)溶液配料至 正向此裝置遞送的法㈣由十如 膜之流出物巾污垢的存在執行模擬。減馳了過渡隔 ^自曲_點32處可見，此值在約29分鐘内自 至3。在貫際應用中，伽 將由控制單元所心r U之改邊速率， 為…則到達與間值進行比較。假定Π值之閾值 垢、及因此而來的上9加值將清楚表明第—隔膜試片之積 在點C!與過f隔膜之故障。 垢隔膜試片，以用於逆二止膨潤土之配料’並且’更換積 在C2與D1之門轉循％/方向中之重複配料。 件下，而且，第二模式中之正常操作條 在點D1處’重複 二 式中操作。自曲線圖之點:料，使枝置在第二模 重複配料，導致Π值在’見’如此在逆轉循環中之 B1與B2之間的正當刀1里内自1增加至3’類似於點 在點-處，=s：Tn之配料結果。 099120055 ^ ，同時，逆轉隔膜試片之間的流動 22 201103625 (即返回第#作板式）。先前已使第二隔膜試片積垢的膨 潤土藉由近似於回洗之触，而被沖洗掉且清潔。此回洗之 效果，由Π值在相對為短的時間框中自3以上下降至在大約 點E2處的1(表示正常操作條件之恢復)清楚表示。回洗之有 利效果亦可自圖5B看出，其係展示隨著膨潤土配料在點η 處開始、隨後為在20分鐘之後在點之流動逆轉時所測 量的π值。圖式展示了π之值自i增加至2，且在點F2處之 流動逆轉之後’下降_卜隨後，在Π之值增加至點F3 處的3之前，花費料27分鐘。如此展示了當在積垢中間 發生流動逆轉時，在-小時(在此情況下為47分|4)内_ 到積垢。 圖6 A及6 B展示本發明裝置之兩個替代實施例。為了清 楚起見’已省略了壓力感測器。料參見圖6a，此侦測裝 置之佈局類似於早先描述的佈局，增加了泵_以及與中間 區段200中之人口 6G4呈流體連通的流體源6()2。在較佳形 式中，流體源鎖被組態成為儲存流出於早先描述的諸出口/ 肌；^ Π73 其中之一或爹者的流 一 V「々文《V，叩定敉佳的， 將瞭解，流體亦可為來自任何外部_之清潔流體。在諸出 口之下游的調節閥m、120可保持打開，以允許來自中間 區段的流體退出隔膜試片102、104兩者，或者，可被組態 成為限制流出於諸出口其中之一，曰丛 以取佳化對隔膜試片 102、104其中之一的回洗。亦即， P右第一隔膜試片102應 099120055 23 201103625 被回洗，則關閉調節閥120。以此方式，正經由入口 604被 抽汲至中間區段200中的流體，將被迫流動至第一隔膜試片 102之外（即，自中間區段200至第一隔膜試片102之外表 面），且因而能夠移除截留於第一隔膜試片102之孔上或孔 中的任何污垢。相反，若第二隔膜試片104應被回洗，則關 閉調節閥118。因此，正經由入口 604被抽汲至中間區段200 中的流體，將被迫流動至第二隔膜試片104之外（即，自中 間區段200至第二隔膜試片104之外表面），且因而能夠移 除截留於第二隔膜試片104之孔上或孔中的任何污垢。如前 文，在第一操作模式中，在隔膜試片102、104其中之一之 外表面上接收流體，且將其導向至各別的出口，使其中至少 一些流體流動至中間區段200。在第二操作模式中，開啟了 泵600，以在回洗動作中將流體直接抽汲至中間區段200 中，使之流動至隔膜試片102、104其中之一或兩者之外。 將瞭解，在同時回洗隔膜試片102、104兩者之情況下（即， 在調節閥118、120皆打開之情況下），來自中間區段200的 流體將選擇較少積垢的隔膜（由於較低阻力）來退出。此將導 致一個隔膜比另一者清潔地更徹底。 以上替代實施例允許自中間區段200在中心處回洗，而非 必須依賴於隔膜試片102與104之間的流動逆轉。本說明書 中早先描述的雙向偵測裝置，因而對實施中心回洗過程而言 並非至關重要。亦即，中心回洗亦可應用於申請人早先之 099120055 24 201103625 PCT公開案中揭露的單向偵測裝置。圖6B中提供其示意 圖。箭頭F展示在第一操作模式中通過此裝置的流體的單向 流動。如前文所述，此偵測裝置包括：用於確定Π的至少雨 個感測器（未圖示），第一及第二隔膜試片1〇2、1〇4、隔膜試 片102、104之間的中間區段200、及中間區段200中用以 接收由泵600自源頭602所抽汲的流體的入口 604。亦設置 有第二隔膜試片1〇4之下游的出口閥（未圖示）。此種配置對 此裝置提供了第二操作模式，藉此’出口閥被關閉’且操作 該泵，以自源頭602經由入口 604將流體抽汲至中間區段 200中。由於出口閥之關閉，流體無法如前述般在通常的方 向F上流動，因而被迫在回洗動作中穿過第一可滲透隔膜 102 〇 考慮到以上替代回洗實施例’可實施中心清潔系統，藉 此，可一次針對多個偵測裝置、或一次針對單一裝置實現回 洗清潔。 在圖7之流程圖中，展禾了以上實施例之方法。在第一操 作模式中，流體自第一隔膜試片之外表面流動至中間區段， 且至第二可滲透隔膜之外，其展示成為步驟700。步驟702 表不如前所述的Π值之確定。當應執行中心回洗時，在步驟 7〇4中實施第二操作模式，藉此’流體自中間區段流動至第 一可滲透隔骐之外表面（即’第一操作模式之逆轉）。如上所 述，这是藉著經由中間區段中之入口而將流體直接地（即， 099120055 25 201103625 不經由隔膜試片）抽汲至中間區段中來完成。正被抽汲至中 間區段中的流體較佳（但非必要）來自於退出第二隔 的流體。 、° 在圖8之曲線圖中展示中心回洗實施例之實例結果。此曲 線圖之線】表示Π值，而線2、3及4則分別表示麗力p、 p2及P3。在時間週期G1期間’此偵測裝置在早先的實施例 之第-及第二操作模式中，射，流體從第—隔膜試片 之外表面被導向至中間區段，且至第二隔膜試片之外，隨 後，藉由將流體自第二隔膜試片導向至中間區段、且至第一 隔膜試片之外’而逆轉諸隔膜試片之間的流動（即，諸隔膜 試片之間的正向/逆向/正向/逆向流動）。此節可自時間週期 G1期間的曲線圖之波狀形狀觀察到。在週期G2,在065 =，進行中心回洗。回洗是在第一及第二隔膜試片上同時 :丁在中〜回洗過程之後，在時間週期⑺令可看見舰 的下降。亦在回洗之後’在時間週期⑺期間，此裝 置再—人以類似於G1中之if卜！ /、#人/ T·， 向/延向/正向/逆向方式操作。應 期間之基線係移位至平均為約18至約05之較低 ⑽。波線之上部點是針對一個隔膜試片，波線之下部點則 疋針對第二隔膜試片。 熟習此項技術者由前述說明將瞭解本發明之優點。舉例而 ::=述=置的本發明之裝置及系統，或藉由實行 β以在不必停止本發明之操作的情況下，有 099120055 26 201103625 效清潔隔膜試片。具體而言，藉由設置入口及出口，使得第 一與第二隔膜試片之間的流體流動為可逆，或藉由在中間區 段中設置中心回洗入口’本發明允許回洗且因而清潔每一隔 膜試片。因此’可在較長時間週期中，一次而無中斷地監視 比率Π或其時間導數βπ/办。在藉由流動逆轉進行回洗的情 況下’亦存在相關的益處.藉由具有與本發明之操作整合的 清潔功能，延長了隔膜試片之可用壽命。再者，在諸隔膜試 片各自被設置於一個平行於各別的入D與出口之間的路徑 的平面上的情況下，進入此裝置的大部分流體流過隔膜試 片’而非被迫穿過其間。已發現’降低隔膜試片之積垢速率。 在諸隔膜試片之上游使用壓力控制器之情況下，對諸隔膜的 饋送壓力能夠減小/平緩’因而消除了基於不穩定饋送壓力 的Pi之任何擾動’其又允許對比率订或其時間導數dn/汾 之較一致的確定，無論饋送壓力如何。亦針對Pi及？3提供 類似的控制’其中，諸調節閥被施作於此裝置之出口之下 游。此種控制允許校準此裝置，以在正常操作下提供比率 之理論值1。在諸隔膜試片之外表面上或其鄰近處使用平行 葉片之情況下，促進了在諸隔膜試片上之以交叉流中沖洗或 移除積垢/懸浮固體。亦藉由設置多孔板作為支撐（其允許完 全且有效使用隔膜試片之整個表面區域）、且藉由使用放氣 官自中間區段移除截留的空氣或氣泡，而改良穿過諸隔膜試 片之間的流體流動。此可與申請人之早先PCT公開案之發 099120055 27 201103625 明相對比，其中，諸隔膜試片係由多個具有1 mm孔的板所 支撐（其將僅允許穿過此等孔的滲透），且其中，未針對截留 氣泡之移除提出專門措施。 前述内容描述較佳實施例，其如熟習此項技術者將瞭解， 可在不背離申請專利範圍之範疇的情況下，經歷設計、構造 或操作上之變化或修改。舉例而言，自以上說明將瞭解，如 圖中例示般設置兩個入口及兩個出口，並非至關重要的。全 部所需的僅是准許穿過至少第一隔膜試片的流動為可逆而 允許對至少第一隔膜試片之回洗的配置。此可藉由對申請人 之早先的單向偵測裝置之中間區段設置入口（如圖6B展示) 來達成。對於雙向偵測裝置，例如可藉由設置一個入口及一 個出口，來達成第一隔膜試片之回洗，而該入口及出口各自 具有一或多個内部的可控制通道、分岔、閥或類似物，以相 應地引導流體。類似地，直接自鄰近於諸隔膜試片的入口獲 得在諸隔膜試片之間流動的流體，並非至關重要。如參考圖 6A及6B所概述，可設想，可集合來自第一出口及第二出 口的流動，且可按預設的時間間隔經由泵將所集合的溶液抽 汲至兩個隔膜試片之間的腔室（即，中間區段200)中，以實 現中心回洗過程。在此實例中，控制閥116將關閉，而且， 調節閥118及120將打開。抽汲至第一與第二隔膜試片之間 的腔室中的溶液，將穿流過第一及第二隔膜試片，從而有效 回洗兩個隔膜試片。早先描述的控制單元可被組態成為進行 099120055 28 201103625 必要的流體收集、抽汲、及閥控制，以實現此目的。如早先 提及，此中心回洗過程亦可應用於申請人的早先之PCT公 開案之單向裝置。 設置多孔鋼板以支撐隔膜試片，亦並非至關重要。在必要 或需要之情況下，可改為使用對水具惰性的其它硬材料（例 如，PVC)。或者，諸隔膜試片可在其周邊處受到支撐，或 由非多孔板所支撐，而該非多孔板具備有足夠的洞孔，以允 許諸隔膜試片之間的流體流動。在設置多孔板之情況下，孔 無須限於100 μιη之平均尺寸，而是可改為大至1 mm，只 要該等孔被配置成為使得板仍為其隔膜試片提供足夠的支 撐便可。 亦將瞭解，放氣管之設置，並非至關重要，因為，在某些 實施例中，可改為允許氣泡滲透至諸隔膜試片之外。 就壓力感測器而言，設置三個壓力感測器或傳感器，並非 至關重要。可設想，可使用兩個差壓計，其將測量第一隔膜 試片及第二隔膜試片上之壓力差。在使用差壓計之情況下， 僅需要兩個傳感器而非三個，因為，每一個差壓計具有用於 放置於可滲透隔膜之一側的第一管道、及用於放置於可滲透 隔膜之另一側的第二管道。每一個差壓計感測各別隔膜上之 差值，且產生表示該差值的信號。對於本發明之裝置，一個 差壓計可施作於第一可滲透隔膜上，而第二個差壓計可施作 於第二可滲透隔膜上。亦即，一個差壓計將測量第一隔膜試 099120055 29 201103625 片上之壓力，其將給出（PrP2)之值，而且，第二差壓計將測 量第二隔膜試片上之壓力差，其將給出（P2_P3)之值。可如前 述般使用兩個壓力計讀數之比率’來計算jj之值。 就調節閥而言’可在必要或需要之情況下改為使用校準過 的節流孔。 就此系統之控制單元而δ ’可使用電腦裝置，以硬體實施 所描述的確定及控制，例如，使用被裎式化成為進行確定及 控制的個別的或單獨的處理器。控制單元或者可以用軟體施 作成為一系列指令’該等指令在由處理器或其它計算設備執 行時’執行與上文所述實施例相同的功能。亦可使用硬體與 軟體實施方案之組合。另外’雖然所描述及例示的控制單元 僅控制本發明之一個偵測裝置’但，控制單元可被組態成為 控制複數個偵測裝置(例如’偵測裝置之網路）。諸如此等變 化將由所主張的本發明之範疇所涵蓋。 【圖式簡單說明】 圖1為此裝置之方塊圖。 圖2Α及2Β為分別處於第一操作模式及第二操作模式中 的裝置之方塊圖。 圖3為此方法之流程圖。 圖4為包括此裝置的系統之方塊圖。 圖5Α及5Β為此裝置之測試結果之曲線圖。 圖6Α及6Β為此裝置之替代實施例之方塊圖。 099120055 30 201103625 圖7為此方法之替代實施例之流程圖。 圖8為圖6A之裝置之測試結果之曲線圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 100 (偵測）裝置 102 (第一）隔膜試片 ;(第一）可滲透隔膜 102a 外表面 102b 内表面 104 (第二）隔膜試片 ;(第二)可滲透隔膜 104a 外表面 104b 内表面 106 (第一)入口 108 (第一）出口 110 (第二）出口 112 (第二)入口 114 壓力控制器 116 三向閥；（三向）控制閥 118 調節閥 120 調節閥 122 多孔板；多孔鋼板 124 多孔板；多孔鋼板 126 (平行）葉片 128 (平行）葉片 099120055 31 201103625 130 放氣管 130a 排氣通道 130b 排氣通道 200 中間區段 500 導管 502 過濾隔膜 504 控制單元 600 泵 602 流體源；源頭 604 入口 A (第一）(壓力）感測器 B (第二)(壓力）感測器 C (第三)(壓力）感測器 F (流體、流動）方向 099120055 32For the reading of Pi, sensor B takes the reading of Pa, and sensor c obtains the number of 匕. The pressure sensor readings are then processed to determine the ratio Π across the diaphragm pressures. As will be understood from the applicant's pCT publication No. WO 2007/129994, the ratio is determined by calculating (Ρι _P2)/(P2_P3). This calculation can be performed by a data processing unit or similar control unit that can determine the ratio order corresponding to receiving (iv) force readings, or at any given time. The ratio at time t is: 099120055 15 201103625 n(t)=[(P1(t)-P2(t)]/[p2(t).p3(t)] Those skilled in the art will understand '[_ side Is the diaphragm pressure of the first diaphragm test piece 102, and the (four) coffee is the pressure across the diaphragm of the second diaphragm test piece HM, thereby making π a ratio of _ spanning_force. As disclosed in the applicant's earlier PCT publication The 'ratio Π can vary over time, and; in the fluid being received in the device; the presence of a deficiencies--T/sludge, and thus associated with upstream filtration, diaphragm failure. Pre-set devaluation, Or the user's second open position to achieve the second operational mode illustrated by the three-way control valve 116 at a certain point 'regardless of a preset interval, command. Here, from the upstream source The fluid is directed by the three-way control valve 116 to the second inlet 112 to flow over the second diaphragm test piece 104 and is directed by a plurality of parallel vanes 128 to the second outlet 110. Some of the fluid (indicated by the dashed arrow) Permeating through the second diaphragm test piece 104 and the porous steel plate 124 into the intermediate section 2〇〇 as the first operation The air trapped in the intermediate section 200 is discharged through the venting pipe 13 。. All of the permeating fluid in the intermediate section 200 is then infiltrated through the porous steel plate 122 and the first diaphragm test piece 102 to flow to the first At the same time, the pressure sensing benefits and the role of C are reversed - sensor a is used to determine the value of P3, and sensor C is used to determine the value of Pl. Continuously take pressure readings And processing to determine Π. One difference between the first mode of operation and the second mode of operation is: the flow between the diaphragm test strips 102, 104 in the first mode (ie, 099120055 in the middle section) 16 201103625 Maneuver) is the reversal of the flow in the second mode (ie, the flow in a substantially opposite direction). This allows backwashing or beta 4 of the diaphragm test piece with fluid permeation. In the second mode of operation of FIG. 2B, the first diaphragm 4 piece 102 is cleaned by the flow outside the first diaphragm test piece 1〇2, and after being known in FIG. 2A, the removal is intercepted in the first diaphragm test. Any dirt on or in the hole of the sheet 1〇2. Similarly' If, as shown in FIG. 2A, the first operation: 弋 is repeated after the first operation mode, the second diaphragm test piece 104 will be cleaned by the flow just outside the second diaphragm test piece, and thus, in FIG. 2B. After the operation, any dirt trapped on the holes or holes in the second diaphragm test piece 1G4 is removed. In a preferred form, at any time, only the above modes of operation are implemented, and by the first and the The diaphragms are cleaned alternately between the two modes of operation. As can be seen from Figures 2 and 2, the first barrier test strip 1〇2 is disposed in a path substantially parallel to the first inlet and the first exit pupil (10). The second diaphragm test piece 104 is disposed on a plane substantially parallel to the path between the second inlet II2 and the second exit pupil 110. The fluid thus allowed to enter is passed over the diaphragm test piece 1 (2) (i.e., horizontally, rather than vertically flowing or forced through), thus providing a diaphragm test piece ι 2, ι 4 The improved cross flow extends the life of the diaphragm test pieces 1〇2, 1〇4. In the car master form, the planes of the diaphragm test pieces 102, 104 are substantially parallel to each other. Although the detecting device 1 〇〇 (and thus the associated diaphragm test strips 102, 104) of FIGS. 1 and 2 A and 2B is shown to operate in a horizontal position, preferably 099120055 17 201103625 can also be positioned vertically. The device is 1 以 so that the diaphragm test pieces 1〇2, 1〇4 are in a vertical position (or the diaphragm test pieces 102, 104 themselves are vertically positioned). This is advantageous because the effect of gravity is eliminated, so that both of the diaphragm test pieces 102, 104 can be uniformly fouled. In the horizontal position, it has been found that the first diaphragm test piece 102 deposits faster than the second diaphragm test piece 104. This is due to the gravitational influence of the horizontal positioning of the device. See also Fig. 3 'The method of the preferred embodiment of the invention begins at step 3, causing the fluid to flow on the outer surface of the permeable, and the stalks permeate through One of the permeable membranes, and the other of the permeable membranes, and flowing to the other of the membranes for the beta edge, the following description assumes that the step 300 encompasses the first mode of operation previously described, The Middle Ages _ L body flows on the first diaphragm test piece. This operation will occur when the three-way control valve is in the first open position illustrated in Figure 2A. At the wide step 302, the ratio across the diaphragm pressure is determined (ie, between (Pr p2) and (2 3) The ratio, Ρι is the pressure between the first inlet and the first outlet - P2 is the pressure between the first and second permeable membranes, and P3 is the pressure between the first inlet and the second outlet) . Those skilled in the art will be able to continuously determine (assuming continuous phase pressure) the value of the ratio, and to determine the value of the tb rate so determined or such value, which can be = earlier PCT disclosure Used in the relevant process described in the case, or stored for later processing. Those skilled in the art will also appreciate that 099120055 18 201103625 can be used to measure the pressure across each of the permeable membranes 102 and 104 with a differential pressure sensor. At some point, based on a preset interval, a preset threshold, or a user command, the method continues to step 304 where the flow of fluid between the permeable membranes is reversed. In a preferred form as described earlier, this step occurs in a second mode of operation which occurs when the three-way control valve is moved to the second open position. This achieves a flow between the permeable membranes as illustrated in Figure 2B, which is substantially in the opposite direction to the flow between the permeable membranes as illustrated in Figure 2A. As described earlier, at least some of the fluid permeates through the second permeable membrane and the first permeable membrane to flow to the first outlet as fluid flows from the second inlet to the second permeable membrane to the second outlet Outside. The effect of the flow of this step is that the fluid penetrating the second diaphragm test piece and the first diaphragm test piece can remove any dirt from the first diaphragm test piece in the backwashing action and effectively clean the first diaphragm test piece. Once the flow is reversed, the method returns to step 302 to determine the cross-membrane pressure ratio, which is based on the reversal of the color of the sensors A and C as described earlier. Monitoring of the integrity of the upstream filter membrane is continued as the first permeable membrane is in the backwashing process. At some point later, based on the preset interval, the preset threshold, or the user's command, the flow of fluid between the permeable membranes is again reversed in step 304. At this point, the second permeable membrane is backwashed while the device monitors the integrity of the upstream filter membrane. It will be appreciated that the above operation allows the device to monitor the integrity of the upstream filter membrane while the permeable membrane is being backwashed at 099120055 19 201103625. A processing system embodying the above apparatus and method is illustrated in FIG. Device 100 is shown in fluid communication with a catheter 500 (or more generally, a filtration membrane system) having a filtration membrane 502 upstream of device 100. It is apparent from the graphical content that the fluid received at the first inlet or the second inlet of the device 100 (or on the outer surfaces of the first and second membrane test strips) is the effluent of the filtration membrane 502. The system also includes a control unit 504 configured to receive pressure signals from the first, second, and third pressure sensors (shown as solid circles in the figure) to determine a ratio Π and to select the ratio One of the groups consisting of: failure of the filter membrane 502, and the presence of fouling in the effluent. Control unit 504 is also shown in communication with pressure controller 114, three-way control valve 116, and regulating valves 118 and 120 to control the various components. This allows the control unit 504 to preset a ratio based on the ratio between (Pr P2) and (P2 - P3), in particular based on a preset interval (eg, every 2 hours) (ie, the measured value at Π is higher than At the threshold, control unit 504 causes flow reversal between the permeable membranes, or alternately directs fluid to the first permeable membrane and the second permeable membrane of device 100 based on user commands. Control unit 504 is also configured to maintain a consistent P! value at a preset value to vent air at a predetermined interval/time, or user command, and to set the operating pressure of pressure controller 114. It will be appreciated from the applicant's earlier PCT publication that when the effluent from the upstream filtration 099120055 20 201103625 membrane 502 is substantially free of fouling, the fluid flowing into the apparatus 100 will also be substantially free of fouling. In this state the value of the 'ratio Π will remain relatively constant and its time derivative will be zero or close to zero. However, when the effluent (and thus the flow into the device 10) contains a significant amount of soil, one of the first and second membrane test pieces (depending on the position of the three-way control valve 116) will begin to foul. In particular, when the upstream filter membrane 502 fails, dirt in the influent can pass through the filter membrane 502 and subsequently feed to the respective membrane test strip. The substantial amount of soil being fed to the respective diaphragm test piece will result in fouling of the diaphragm test piece, which in turn causes an increase in π. The rate of change of π will also increase because, when the upstream filter membrane 502 has not failed, slow fouling may exist, but after the failure, the fouling rate will become significantly faster, thus resulting in a higher Change the rate. Thus, the ratio π or its time derivative dn/ can be associated with the presence of fouling and/or failure of the upstream filter membrane 502. In this system, the preferred embodiment of the present invention operates as a diaphragm test of the apparatus 100; a reversal of the flow of the apparatus 1 to allow the cleaning of the interlaced sheets while the apparatus continues the operation as described above. It is therefore suspected that the device is disconnected or removed from (10) to clean the diaphragm test piece or to change the diaphragm test piece. The results of the examples obtained using the apparatus of the present invention will now be described with reference to Figures 5A and 5B, and the graph of the (four) nature of the structure is shown. These graphs specifically demonstrate the ability of the farm to restore the value of the ratio Π by reversing the direction of flow between the membrane sheets after fouling. At the point of Figure 5, the device is in the first 099120055 21 201103625 operating mode t under normal operating conditions, and the value of a, π is set to be approximately normal by controlling the following or The two are set: (1) using the pressure controller and/or the adjustment 下游 downstream of the first outlet, (4) the value of Ρι, or (9) using the regulating valve downstream of the second outlet, controlling the value of 3, so that the value of (7) _ ρ · It is essentially 1. Subsequently, at the point Β1, the simulation was carried out by the presence of the bentonite (Bent〇nite) solution to the method of delivery to the device (4) by the presence of effluent wipes of the film. The transition is reduced. From the curve _ point 32, this value is up to 3 in about 29 minutes. In a continuous application, the gamma will be compared to the inter-value by the rate of change of the center of the control unit. It is assumed that the threshold value of the enthalpy and the resulting upper 9 value will clearly indicate the failure of the first diaphragm test piece at point C! and the f diaphragm. The scale diaphragm test piece is used to reverse the ingredients of the bentonite and replace the repeated ingredients in the %/direction of the door of C2 and D1. And, in the second mode, the normal operation bar repeats the operation in the mode at point D1. From the point of the graph: the material is placed in the second mold to repeat the ingredients, causing the enthalpy value to increase from 1 to 3' in the proper knife 1 between B1 and B2 in the reverse cycle. Point at point -, the result of the ingredient =s:Tn. 099120055 ^ , at the same time, reverse the flow between the diaphragm test strips 22 201103625 (ie return to the ##板). The bentonite which has previously been fouled by the second diaphragm test piece is washed away and cleaned by approximating the backwashing touch. The effect of this backwashing is clearly indicated by the Π value falling from 3 or more in a relatively short time frame to 1 at approximately point E2 (representing recovery of normal operating conditions). The beneficial effect of backwashing can also be seen in Figure 5B, which shows the value of π measured as the bentonite formulation begins at point η followed by a reversal of the flow at the point after 20 minutes. The graph shows that the value of π increases from i to 2, and after the flow reversal at point F2, the 'decrease_' is followed by 27 minutes before the value of Π increases to 3 at point F3. This shows that in the case of flow reversal in the middle of fouling, _ to fouling is in - hour (in this case 47 points | 4). Figures 6A and 6B show two alternative embodiments of the apparatus of the present invention. For the sake of clarity, the pressure sensor has been omitted. Referring to Figure 6a, the arrangement of the detection device is similar to the layout described earlier, adding a pump_ and a fluid source 6() 2 in fluid communication with the population 6G4 in the intermediate section 200. In a preferred form, the fluid source lock is configured to store the outlets/muscles flowing out of the earlier description; ^ Π 73 one or the other of the flow-V "々文"V, 敉定敉佳, will understand The fluid may also be a cleaning fluid from any external source. The regulating valves m, 120 downstream of the outlets may remain open to allow fluid from the intermediate section to exit both diaphragm specimens 102, 104, or may be The configuration is to limit the flow out of one of the outlets, and the smear is used to improve the backwashing of one of the diaphragm test pieces 102, 104. That is, the P right first diaphragm test piece 102 should be backwashed at 099120055 23 201103625. The control valve 120 is then closed. In this manner, the fluid being drawn into the intermediate section 200 via the inlet 604 will be forced to flow out of the first diaphragm test strip 102 (ie, from the intermediate section 200 to the first Any surface of the diaphragm test piece 102, and thus any dirt trapped in the holes or holes of the first diaphragm test piece 102. Conversely, if the second diaphragm test piece 104 should be backwashed, the adjustment is turned off. Valve 118. Therefore, is being twitched to the middle via inlet 604 The fluid in section 200 will be forced to flow outside of the second membrane test strip 104 (ie, from the intermediate section 200 to the outer surface of the second membrane test strip 104), and thus can be removed and retained in the second membrane Any dirt on or in the aperture of the test strip 104. As before, in the first mode of operation, fluid is received on the outer surface of one of the diaphragm test strips 102, 104 and directed to the respective outlet, At least some of the fluid is caused to flow to the intermediate section 200. In the second mode of operation, the pump 600 is turned on to draw the fluid directly into the intermediate section 200 during the backwashing action, causing it to flow to the diaphragm test strip 102. In addition to one or both of 104, it will be appreciated that in the event that both diaphragm test strips 102, 104 are backwashed simultaneously (i.e., with the regulator valves 118, 120 open), from the intermediate section 200 The fluid will exit with a less fouling membrane (due to lower resistance). This will result in one diaphragm being cleaner than the other. The above alternative embodiment allows for backwashing from the center section 200 at the center, and Does not have to rely on the diaphragm test strips 102 and 104 The flow reversal. The two-way detection device described earlier in this specification is therefore not critical to the implementation of the central backwashing process. That is, the central backwashing can also be applied to the applicant's earlier 099120055 24 201103625 PCT publication. A disclosed one-way detection device is provided in Fig. 6B. Arrow F shows a one-way flow of fluid through the device in a first mode of operation. As previously described, the detection device includes: At least one rain sensor (not shown), the first and second diaphragm test strips 1〇2, 1〇4, the intermediate section 200 between the diaphragm test strips 102, 104, and the intermediate section 200 are used An inlet 604 that receives the fluid drawn by the pump 600 from the source 602 is received. An outlet valve (not shown) downstream of the second diaphragm test piece 1〇4 is also provided. This configuration provides a second mode of operation for the device whereby the 'outlet valve is closed' and operates the pump to draw fluid from the source 602 via the inlet 604 into the intermediate section 200. Due to the closing of the outlet valve, the fluid cannot flow in the usual direction F as previously described and is forced to pass through the first permeable membrane 102 during the backwashing operation, taking into account the above alternative backwashing embodiment 'a central cleaning system can be implemented Thereby, backwash cleaning can be implemented for multiple detection devices at a time, or once for a single device. In the flow chart of Fig. 7, the method of the above embodiment is exhibited. In the first mode of operation, fluid flows from the outer surface of the first diaphragm test strip to the intermediate section and beyond the second permeable membrane, which is shown as step 700. Step 702 indicates the determination of the threshold value as described above. When center backwashing should be performed, a second mode of operation is implemented in step 7.5, whereby the fluid flows from the intermediate section to the outer surface of the first permeable barrier (i.e., the reversal of the first mode of operation). As described above, this is accomplished by pumping the fluid directly (i.e., 099120055 25 201103625 without the diaphragm test piece) into the intermediate section via the inlet in the intermediate section. The fluid being twitched into the intermediate section preferably (but not necessarily) comes from the fluid exiting the second compartment. , ° Example results of the central backwashing embodiment are shown in the graph of FIG. The line of this graph shows the Π value, while lines 2, 3 and 4 represent Lili p, p2 and P3, respectively. During the time period G1, the detecting device is in the first and second modes of operation of the earlier embodiment, and the fluid is directed from the outer surface of the first diaphragm to the intermediate section and to the second diaphragm. In addition to the sheet, the flow between the membrane strips is then reversed by directing the fluid from the second membrane test strip to the intermediate section and to the outside of the first membrane test strip (ie, the septum test strips) Forward/reverse/forward/reverse flow). This section can be observed from the wavy shape of the graph during the time period G1. At cycle G2, at 065 =, center backwash is performed. Backwashing is performed on both the first and second diaphragm test strips: after the medium-backwashing process, the ship's descent is visible during the time period (7). Also after the backwashing period - during the time period (7), the device is again - similar to the if in the G1! /, #人/T·, operate in /ward/forward/reverse mode. The baseline period during the period is shifted to an average of about 18 to about 05 (10). The upper point of the wave line is for a diaphragm test piece, and the lower part of the wave line is for the second diaphragm test piece. Those skilled in the art will appreciate the advantages of the present invention from the foregoing description. By way of example, the apparatus and system of the present invention are provided, or by performing β to clean the diaphragm test piece without having to stop the operation of the present invention. Specifically, the fluid flow between the first and second membrane test pieces is made reversible by providing an inlet and an outlet, or by providing a central backwash inlet in the intermediate section. The present invention allows backwashing and thus cleaning Each diaphragm test piece. Therefore, the ratio Π or its time derivative βπ/ can be monitored once and without interruption for a long period of time. There are also related benefits in the case of backwashing by flow reversal. By having a cleaning function integrated with the operation of the present invention, the useful life of the diaphragm test piece is extended. Furthermore, in the case where the diaphragm test pieces are each disposed on a plane parallel to the path between the respective input D and the outlet, most of the fluid entering the device flows through the diaphragm test piece' instead of being forced Pass through it. It has been found to reduce the fouling rate of the diaphragm test piece. In the case where a pressure controller is used upstream of the diaphragm test pieces, the feed pressure to the diaphragms can be reduced/smoothed 'thus eliminating any disturbance of Pi based on unstable feed pressure' which in turn allows the ratio to be set or its time The more consistent determination of the derivative dn/汾, regardless of the feed pressure. Also for Pi and? 3 provides similar control' wherein the regulating valves are applied to the outlet of the device. This control allows the device to be calibrated to provide a theoretical value of 1 for normal operation. The use of parallel vanes on or adjacent to the outer surface of the membrane test pieces facilitates flushing or removal of fouling/suspended solids in the cross-flow on the septum coupons. It is also improved by passing through the diaphragms by providing a perforated plate as a support that allows full and efficient use of the entire surface area of the diaphragm test piece and by using a deflation officer to remove trapped air or air bubbles from the intermediate section. Fluid flow between the sheets. This is in contrast to the applicant's earlier PCT publication No. 099120055 27 201103625, wherein the membrane test pieces are supported by a plurality of plates having 1 mm holes (which will only allow penetration through such holes) And, in particular, no special measures have been proposed for the removal of trapped bubbles. The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments, which are to be understood by those skilled in the art, may be <RTIgt; </ RTI> <RTIgt; </ RTI> <RTIgt; </ RTI> <RTIgt; For example, it will be appreciated from the above description that it is not critical to have two inlets and two outlets as illustrated in the figure. All that is required is a configuration that permits the flow through at least the first diaphragm test piece to be reversible while allowing backwashing of at least the first diaphragm test piece. This can be achieved by placing an entry in the middle section of the applicant's earlier one-way detection device (as shown in Figure 6B). For a two-way detection device, for example, by providing an inlet and an outlet, the backwashing of the first diaphragm test piece can be achieved, and the inlet and the outlet each have one or more internal controllable channels, branches, valves or Analogs to direct fluids accordingly. Similarly, it is not critical that the fluid flowing between the septum coupons is obtained directly from the inlet adjacent to the septum test strips. As outlined with reference to Figures 6A and 6B, it is contemplated that the flow from the first outlet and the second outlet may be pooled and the collected solution may be pumped between the two diaphragm coupons via a pump at preset time intervals. The chamber (ie, the intermediate section 200) is configured to achieve a central backwashing process. In this example, control valve 116 will close and control valves 118 and 120 will open. The solution twitched into the chamber between the first and second membrane test pieces will flow through the first and second membrane test pieces, thereby effectively rinsing the two membrane test pieces. The control unit described earlier can be configured to perform the necessary fluid collection, pumping, and valve control for 099120055 28 201103625 for this purpose. As mentioned earlier, this center backwashing process can also be applied to the applicant's earlier PCT device unidirectional device. It is not critical to provide a porous steel plate to support the diaphragm test piece. Other hard materials that are inert to water (for example, PVC) may be used instead if necessary or needed. Alternatively, the membrane test pieces may be supported at their periphery or supported by a non-porous plate provided with sufficient holes to allow fluid flow between the test pieces of the membrane. In the case of a perforated plate, the holes need not be limited to an average size of 100 μηη, but can be changed to as large as 1 mm as long as the holes are configured such that the plate still provides sufficient support for its diaphragm test piece. It will also be appreciated that the setting of the deflation tube is not critical because, in some embodiments, it may instead allow the bubbles to penetrate outside of the diaphragm test strips. In the case of a pressure sensor, it is not critical to have three pressure sensors or sensors. It is contemplated that two differential pressure gauges will be used which will measure the pressure differential across the first diaphragm test strip and the second diaphragm test strip. In the case of a differential pressure gauge, only two sensors are required instead of three, since each differential pressure gauge has a first conduit for placement on one side of the permeable membrane and for placement in a permeable membrane The second pipe on the other side. Each differential pressure gauge senses the difference across the respective diaphragms and produces a signal indicative of the difference. For the apparatus of the present invention, a differential pressure gauge can be applied to the first permeable membrane and a second differential pressure gauge can be applied to the second permeable membrane. That is, a differential pressure gauge will measure the pressure on the first diaphragm test 099120055 29 201103625, which will give the value of (PrP2), and the second differential pressure gauge will measure the pressure difference on the second diaphragm test piece, which will Give the value of (P2_P3). The value of jj can be calculated using the ratio of the two gauge readings as previously described. In the case of a regulating valve, the calibrated orifice can be used instead if necessary or required. With respect to the control unit of the system, δ ' can be implemented in hardware using computer devices, for example, using individual or separate processors that are formatted for determination and control. The control unit may alternatively be implemented in software as a series of instructions' when executed by a processor or other computing device' performing the same functions as the embodiments described above. A combination of hardware and software implementations can also be used. In addition, although the described and exemplified control unit controls only one detection device of the present invention, the control unit can be configured to control a plurality of detection devices (e.g., the network of the detection device). Variations such as these will be covered by the scope of the claimed invention. [Simple description of the diagram] Figure 1 is a block diagram of this device. 2A and 2B are block diagrams of the devices in the first mode of operation and the second mode of operation, respectively. Figure 3 is a flow chart of this method. Figure 4 is a block diagram of a system including such a device. Figures 5 and 5 are graphs of the test results for this device. Figures 6A and 6B are block diagrams of alternative embodiments of this device. 099120055 30 201103625 Figure 7 is a flow chart of an alternate embodiment of this method. Figure 8 is a graph showing the test results of the apparatus of Figure 6A. [Main component symbol description] 100 (detection) device 102 (first) diaphragm test piece; (first) permeable diaphragm 102a outer surface 102b inner surface 104 (second) diaphragm test piece; (second) permeable diaphragm 104a outer surface 104b inner surface 106 (first) inlet 108 (first) outlet 110 (second) outlet 112 (second) inlet 114 pressure controller 116 three-way valve; (three-way) control valve 118 regulating valve 120 adjustment Valve 122 perforated plate; porous plate 124 perforated plate; perforated steel plate 126 (parallel) blade 128 (parallel) blade 099120055 31 201103625 130 vent pipe 130a exhaust passage 130b exhaust passage 200 intermediate section 500 conduit 502 filter diaphragm 504 control unit 600 Pump 602 fluid source; source 604 inlet A (first) (pressure) sensor B (second) (pressure) sensor C (third) (pressure) sensor F (fluid, flow) direction 099120055 32