201103283 麗 Tf 么-τ 心 i 六、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 技術領域是有關於一種應用於大眾運輸系統中的預先 規劃網路連結建立方法。 【先前技術】 隨著無線通訊技術的成熟與快速普及，隨時隨地 (Anytime, Anywhere)連上網際網路已經被實現。使用者不 φ 只在企業、學校、家庭及公眾場館可以上網，使用者亦可 於提供網路服務的大眾運輸載具内利用網路裝置（比如，筆 記型電腦、個人數位助理等）來上網。基於IEEE 802.11 所發展出來的無線區域網路(Wireless LAN; WLAN)在各 式場所内已經被普遍的使用。由於使用費率低廉甚至免 費、佈建容易，在現今’ WLAN介面已是筆記型電腦或手 持裝置的標準配備。然而WLAN的存取點（Access Point; AP)的覆蓋區域相對較小，且移動性支援時未充足，無線 _ 區域網路通常選擇使用作為短距離但高頻寬的熱點網路 存取（Hot Spot Access)。 此外，行動電話業者也提供了數據服務以供使用者上 網’例如3G/3.5G/Wimax等，其可視為一種無線廣域網 路（WWAN，wireless wide area network)。WWAN 的基地 台（Base Station，BS)的覆蓋範圍大，且移動性支援較佳， 但它的頻寬較小。考量WWAN規格的網路介面卡的成本 與服務費率，成為一般大眾行動裝置的標準配備。 再者，大幕運輸載具在行駛過程中，使用者或行動路由 201103283 , i wjZHzr/\ 器（Mobile Router，MR)可能會切換到不同性質的網路（比 如，WWAN與WLAN間的切換），但以目前來說，重新建 立網路連接需要的時間很冗長。在重新建立網路連線之 前，使用者無法連線至網際網路。若是重新建立網路連線 的時間越長，對使用者的干擾也就越大。 故而，較好能有一種應用於大眾運輸載具的網路連結建 立方法，其能縮短重新建立網路連線的時間。 【發明内容】 本揭露係有關於一種應用於大眾運輸載具的預先規劃 網路連結建立方法，其基於大眾運輸載具的可預期移動行 為特性，而實施預先排程行動支援機制，以縮短重新建立 網路連線的時間。 提出一種應用於大眾運輸系統中的網路連結建立方法 實施範例。該方法用於建立一大眾運輸載具、一主網路與 一拜訪網路間之網路連結；其中，該主網路具有一主代理 器，該拜訪網路具有一拜訪代理器。該網路連結建立方法 包括：在大眾運輸載具出發前預先建立該主代理器與該大 眾運輸載具間之一第一通道；在大眾運輸載具出發前或是 行進中但未到達拜訪代理器的負責場站前預先建立該主 代理器與該拜訪代理器間之一第二通道；在該主代理器的 協助下，該拜訪代理器在該大眾運輸載具未到達該負責場 站前或是出發前預先授權給該大眾運輸載具，並分配該大 眾運輸載具可用的一網路資源；在該主代理器的協助下， 該大眾運輸載具在出發前或是尚未到達該負責場站前預 201103283 1 vv j厶*♦厶rrv 先得知該拜訪代理器所配置的該網路資源，而且，在到達 該負責場站前該大眾運輸載具預先完成對該拜訪代理器 的一連結設定；以及當該大眾運輸載具移入該拜訪網路 時，依到達前預先完成的該連結設定，該大眾運輸載具與 該拜訪代理器間建立網路連線。 為讓本揭露之上述内容能更明顯易懂，下文特舉一實施 例’並配合所附圖式，作詳細說明如下： φ 【實施方式】 在揭露實施例中，利用可預期的行程路徑，在載具開車 前或是到達預定位置前預先建立網路連結，以預先進行認 證授權（基地台連線權、網路使用權、金鑰等）及資源取得 (頻寬、IP等）。以減少當行動路由器（Mobile Router, MR) 或行動節點（Mobile Node, MN)改變連結點所導致的連結 延遲與封包遺失。MR/MN知道在其目前位置上，其要連 結哪一個子網路與使用何種資源。主代理器（Home Agent, φ HA)與拜訪代理器（F〇rejgn Agent，FA)知道：MR/MN在哪 個位置時會連結至哪一個子網路與使用何種資源。 第1圖顯示根據一實施例的依既定行程移動之大眾運 輸系統及其網路連結示意圖。如第1圖所示，大眾運輸載 具1〇〇例如為高鐵、公共汽車、捷運及一般鐵路等，其都 有專屬路權及場站。大眾運輸載具100依既定路線105及 班表行駛。而且，在行駛時，大眾運輸載具100可以存取 子網路120、130、140、150與160。大眾運輸載具100 的位置資訊可由任何可行的方法得知，比如，全球位址系 5 201103283 , I w wm 1 統（GPS)、設置於路線上的位置感應器、高鐵車子位置信 號。或者，亦可透過大眾運輸載具1〇〇的行車時間而推算 出大眾運輸載具1〇〇的目前位置。 大眾運輸載具1〇〇可提供網路存取服務給行動節點 (mobile node，MN)110A 與 11〇b，以讓行動節點 11〇a 與 110B可以上網。在網際網路上，一個節點如果常常改變 其對網路的接點（point of attachment)，稱為行動節點。即 使網路正在通信中，接點仍可能改變。另外，行動節點可 用有線或無線方式上網。比如，在第1圖中，行動節點11 〇 A 與110B分別以有線與無線方式上網。 大眾運輸載具100内設置有行動路由器（Mobile Router, MR)101。MR 101至少擁有二種或以上的無線網路介面 卡’具多種介面管理及異質網路存取能力，可對外連接上 網。MR的WWAN介面卡可連接至WWAN (Wireless Wide201103283 丽 Tf 么-τ心 i VI. Description of the invention: [Technical field of the invention] The technical field relates to a method for establishing a pre-planned network connection for use in a mass transit system. [Prior Art] With the maturity and rapid spread of wireless communication technology, Anytime, Anywhere has been connected to the Internet. Users are not allowed to access the Internet only in enterprises, schools, homes and public venues. Users can also use the Internet devices (such as laptops, personal digital assistants, etc.) to access the Internet in public transportation vehicles that provide Internet services. . Wireless LAN (WLAN) developed based on IEEE 802.11 has been widely used in various places. Due to the low usage rate, even free of charge, and ease of deployment, the current WLAN interface is standard on notebook computers or handheld devices. However, the access point of the WLAN access point (AP) is relatively small, and the mobility support is not sufficient. The wireless _ local area network usually chooses to use hot spot network access as a short distance but high frequency (Hot Spot Access). ). In addition, mobile phone operators also provide data services for users to access the Internet, such as 3G/3.5G/Wimax, etc., which can be regarded as a wireless wide area network (WWAN). WWAN's Base Station (BS) has a large coverage and better mobility support, but its bandwidth is small. Considering the cost and service rate of WWAN-compliant network interface cards, it is standard equipment for general-purpose mobile devices. In addition, when the curtain transport vehicle is in motion, the user or action route 201103283, i wjZHzr/\ (Mobile Router, MR) may switch to a network of different nature (for example, switching between WWAN and WLAN) But for now, the time it takes to re-establish a network connection is lengthy. Users cannot connect to the Internet until the network connection is re-established. The longer the network connection is re-established, the greater the interference with the user. Therefore, it is better to have a method of establishing a network connection for a mass transit vehicle, which can shorten the time for reestablishing the network connection. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present disclosure relates to a pre-planned network link establishment method for a mass transit vehicle that implements a pre-scheduling action support mechanism based on the predictable mobile behavior characteristics of the mass transit vehicle to shorten the re The time to establish a network connection. An implementation example of a method for establishing a network link in a mass transit system is proposed. The method is for establishing a mass transit vehicle, a network connection between a host network and a visited network; wherein the master network has a master agent, and the visited network has a visit agent. The method for establishing a network connection includes pre-establishing a first passage between the main agent and the mass transit vehicle before the mass transit vehicle is departed; before the public transport vehicle departs or travels but does not arrive at the visiting agent Responsible for the second channel before the station is pre-established between the main agent and the visiting agent; with the assistance of the main agent, the visiting agent does not arrive at the responsible station before the mass transit vehicle Or pre-authorize the mass transit vehicle before departure and assign a network resource available to the mass transit vehicle; with the assistance of the master agent, the mass transit vehicle is responsible for the departure or departure of the vehicle Before the station pre-201103283 1 vv j厶*♦厶rrv first knows the network resource configured by the visiting agent, and before the arrival of the responsible station, the mass transit vehicle pre-completes the visiting agent a link setting; and when the mass transit vehicle moves into the visited network, the mass transit vehicle establishes a network connection with the visiting agent according to the link setting pre-completed before arrival. In order to make the above disclosure of the present disclosure more apparent, the following is a detailed description of an embodiment and with reference to the accompanying drawings as follows: φ [Embodiment] In the disclosed embodiment, the expected travel path is utilized. Before the vehicle is driven or before the scheduled location, the network connection is pre-established to pre-certify and authorize (base station connection rights, network usage rights, keys, etc.) and resources (bandwidth, IP, etc.). To reduce the link delay and packet loss caused by changing the connection point when the Mobile Router (MR) or Mobile Node (MN) changes. The MR/MN knows which subnet to connect to and which resource to use in its current location. The Home Agent (φ HA) and the Visiting Agent (F〇rejgn Agent, FA) know which subnet to which the MR/MN is connected and which resource to use. Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of a mass transit system and its network connection moving according to an established itinerary according to an embodiment. As shown in Figure 1, public transport vehicles such as high-speed rail, buses, MRT and general railways all have exclusive road rights and stations. The mass transit vehicle 100 travels according to the established route 105 and the flight schedule. Moreover, the mass transit vehicle 100 can access the sub-networks 120, 130, 140, 150, and 160 while traveling. The location information of the mass transit vehicle 100 can be known by any feasible method, for example, the global address is 5 201103283, I w wm 1 (GPS), the position sensor set on the route, and the high-speed rail position signal. Alternatively, the current position of the mass transit vehicle can be estimated by the travel time of the mass transit vehicle. The mass transit vehicle 1 provides network access services to mobile nodes (MN) 110A and 11〇b to allow mobile nodes 11〇a and 110B to access the Internet. On the Internet, a node, if it often changes its point of attachment to the network, is called a mobile node. The contacts may change even if the network is communicating. In addition, the mobile node can access the Internet in wired or wireless mode. For example, in Figure 1, mobile nodes 11 〇 A and 110B access the Internet in wired and wireless manner, respectively. A mobile router (MR) 101 is disposed in the mass transit vehicle 100. The MR 101 has at least two or more wireless network interface cards with multiple interface management and heterogeneous network access capabilities, which can be connected to the Internet. MR's WWAN interface card can be connected to WWAN (Wireless Wide
Area Network，無線廣域網路）；而其WLAN介面卡可連 接至 WLAN(Wireless Local Area Network，無線區域網 路）。 WWAN是指電信業者提供的數據網路，連線速率低， 但基地台覆蓋區域大^此外，WWAN頻寬較小但可透過其 服務網路隨時連接上網路，亦可稱為常時存取(Aa，Always Access)網路。可連接至WWAN的無線網路介面卡例如 3G/3.5G網路卡等。在第，圖中，子網路14〇、wo與160 為 WWAN，而基地台（base station)141、151 與 161 則是 電信業者的基地台。 WLAN是指符合丨EEE802.M技術規格的網路，連線速 201103283 1 w 率高，但基地台覆蓋區域小。此外，WLAN的頻寬較大但 只在某些固定的時間或地點方可存取網路，稱為熱點存取 (Spot Access，SA)。可連接至WLAN的無線網路介面卡例 例如為IEEE 802.11a/b/g/n WLAN網路卡。在第1圖中， 子網路120與130屬於WLAN，而符號121與131則代 表 WLAN 的存取點（AP，Access Point)。 另外，場站122與132比如為高鐵的車站，而存取點 121與131可分別設置於場站122與132内。此外，在本 • 實施例中，存取點的設置位置未必要受限於場站内，亦可 設置於行駛路線105的任何位置上，以讓MR 1〇1可以連 接至WLAN。 此外’ MR 101可用任何網路介面’例如有線乙太網路 或WLAN網路，來提供内部使用者（亦即MN 11〇A與110B) 的網路存取服務，使得MN 110A與110B可透過MR 101 而連接至網際網路。 因為MR 101是位於大眾運輸載具100内，所以， • MR101具備可預期的移動行為，依既定時程與路線（比如 路線105)規律地移動。 MR 101除可隨時連接AA網路(WWAN網路）外，在已 知的場站可短暫連上SA網路(WLAN網路）。為讓MR 101 連接至SA網路，SA網路（亦即子網路120與130)備有供 MR 101連結的存取點（亦即存取點121與131)。連線參 數最好能事先規劃設定’以使得MR 1〇1能順利連接SA 網路。連線參數比如但不受限於’無線網路識別碼（SS/D， Service Set Identifier)、頻道、驗證方法與密碼等。 201103283 里 W 1 MR 101的主位址（Home Address)是可預先規劃的。 MR 101位於SA網路内所用的IP位址，及連接至MR 101 的拜訪代理器（Foreign Agent, FA)的IP位址也是可預先得 知的。 由第1圖可知’在大眾運輸載具1〇〇的行駛過程中， MR 101隨時可經由廣泛覆蓋但窄頻寬的AA網路（14〇、 150與160)連上網路。當大眾運輸載具100進入並定點短 暫停留於場站121與131時，MR 101可經由覆蓋範圍較 小但高頻寬的SA網路（120與130)連上網路。 一實施例揭露預先排程移動支援機制（pre_scheduled mobility supporting mechanism)，以下將說明其具體實施 方式手段範例。 為達成預先排程移動支援機制，在一實施例中，使用預 先架構好的資料結構’稱為轉交表格(Care-of Table)。轉 交表格乃疋依車次班表事先建立的，而且管理者依網路參 數來設定此轉交表格的各欄位。此轉交表格記錄有每一班 車（亦即大眾運輸載具100)上的MR的主位址（MR_HoA) 及其WLAN的網卡位址（MR一MAC)，此MR的主位址 MR_HoA是預先規劃好的。 此外’在該車次預定停留的各場站内（比如，第1圖的 %站122與132)内建置有SA網路（子網路120與130)及 拜訪代理器（Foreign Agent, FA)。此拜訪代理器的丨p位址 (FA一CoA)亦s己於轉乂表格内。而且，sa網路内的AP的 MAC位址（FA一MAC)亦記錄在轉交表格内，其中，Ap會 連接至MR。更甚者’連線參數(如SS|d)、認證金鑰(key)、 201103283 FA所管轄的ΑΡ資訊、MR所需要的網路資訊（如頻寬、服 務伺服器等資訊）亦可記錄在轉交表格内。 下表1顯示轉交表格的一例： 表1 車次1056 場站1 場站2 場站3 MR_HoA FA1_CoA FA2_CoA FA3_CoA MR_MAC FA1_MAC FA2_MAC FA3_MAC Rt: 1, 2, 3 SSID1 SSID2 SSID3 FA1_M1_Keys FA2_M2 一 Keys FA3—M3一Keys 在上表1中，Rt代表大眾運輸載具的行程中所預計停 留的場站（也就是路徑資訊）。 在一實施例中，轉交表格可由管理者手動設定之，或者 利用下列方法來自動設定之。現請參考第2圖，其顯示根 據一實施例的自動設定轉交表格的示意圖。 在第2圖中，主代理器（HA)210是位於主網路（home network)上的某一台主機。經由HA 210,網路上的其他主 • 機會覺得MN或MR是隨時都可以存取的。主網路是指， 對於行動節點/M R有管理權的網路。對網際網路上的其他 主機而言，不論行動節點及/或MR的目前位址為何，行動 節點及/或MR看起來都是接在此主網路。主代理器（HA) 會提供固定的主位址（HoA: Home Address)給行動節點及 /或MR。當網際網路上的其他主機傳送資料給行動節點及 /或M R時’只須知道主位址，不須知道行動節點及/或μ R 的目前暫時位址。 拜訪代理器（FA)220、230與240是位於拜訪網路 201103283 1 vv γύ , (Foreign Network)上的主機，可代理收送MN/MR所接發 的封包。對於行動節點及/或MR而言，除了主網路之外， 其他能夠連接上的網路，就稱為拜訪網路。當行動節點及 /或MR不在主網路上（亦即，其位於拜訪網路）時，行動節 點及/或MR在網路上的接點的ιρ位址稱為轉交位址 Care-of-Address)。此外，當行動節點及/或MR不在主網 路上（亦即，其位於拜訪網路）時，行動節點及/或MR會採 用FA的IP作為本身的轉交位址。 行動節點及/或MR需將其目前所使用的轉交位址告知 主代理器’此動作稱為登錄（registration)。 另外，拜訪代理器（FA)所能管理的存取點（AP)可為一個 或多個。如第2圖所示，拜訪代理器220與240分別管理 存取點222與242’而拜訪代理器230則管理兩個存取點 232 與 233 〇 此外，預先設定好的轉交表格會記錄於主代理器、沿線 上的所有拜訪代理器、行動節點及/或MR之内。如第2 圖所示，轉交表格211、221、231、241與251分別 於主代理器210、拜訪代理器220、230、240與mr 1〇1 之内。 現將說明如何自動設定轉交表格。第3圖顯示根據—實 施例的自動設定轉交表格的流程示意圖。在本實施例巾 於大眾運輸載具1〇〇出發前或是大眾運輸載具1〇〇到達ρ 線上的下一個FA前，會預先建立好轉交表格（亦即， 建立主代理器與大眾運輸載具間之通道；預先建立主代王里 器與拜訪代理器間之通道；拜訪代理器預先授權給大眾# 201103283 輸載具’並分配大眾運輸載具可用的網路資源；大眾運輸 載具預先得知拜訪代理器所配置的網路資源，而且，大眾 運輸載具預先完成對拜訪代理器的連結設定）。底下以大眾 運輸載具100出發前即預先建立好轉交表格為例做說明， 當知本發明並不受限於此。 如第3圖所示，首先，主代理器210取得MR 101的 轉交表格中的資訊，比如，MR_CoA、MR_MAC、連線參 數、認證金鑰、各停靠站（亦即各FA)的IP位址（FA_CoA) φ 及MAC位址（FA一MAC)等。接著，主代理器210分配MR 101的主位址，並將所分配的主位址告知MR101。接著， MR 101會啟動其AA介面（比如，3G/3.5G/Wimax等網路 介面卡），以取得其在AA子網路上的轉交位址(AA_CoA) 並備妥與AA子網路之間的連線，之後，MR 101向主代 理器210註冊此AA子網路轉交位址(AA_CoA)。經由AA 網路，建立MR 101與主代理器210之間的通道(tunnel)。 MR 101與主代理器210間的溝通如步驟310所示。 • 接著，由起點站往終點站的方向，由於主代理器210 已得知各停靠站（亦即各FA)的IP位址（FA_CoA)及MAC 位址（FA—MAC)，所以，主代理器210在MR101開車前或 是行進間但尚未到達預定位置前預先建立對數個FA(如 FA220、230與240)之間的通道。主代理器210與FA220、 230與240間的溝通如步驟320A〜320C所示。Area Network, wireless WAN; and its WLAN interface card can be connected to a WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network). WWAN refers to the data network provided by the telecom operators. The connection speed is low, but the coverage area of the base station is large. In addition, the WWAN has a small bandwidth but can be connected to the network at any time through its service network. It can also be called constant access ( Aa, Always Access) network. A wireless network interface card that can be connected to the WWAN, such as a 3G/3.5G network card. In the figure, the sub-networks 14〇, wo and 160 are WWAN, and the base stations 141, 151 and 161 are the base stations of the telecommunications operators. WLAN refers to the network that meets the technical specifications of 丨EEE802.M. The connection speed is high, but the coverage area of the base station is small. In addition, the WLAN has a large bandwidth but can access the network only at certain fixed times or places, called Spot Access (SA). An example of a wireless network interface card that can be connected to a WLAN is, for example, an IEEE 802.11a/b/g/n WLAN network card. In Fig. 1, subnetworks 120 and 130 belong to the WLAN, and symbols 121 and 131 represent the access point (AP, Access Point) of the WLAN. Additionally, stations 122 and 132 are, for example, stations of high-speed rail, and access points 121 and 131 can be disposed within stations 122 and 132, respectively. Further, in the present embodiment, the setting position of the access point is not necessarily limited to the inside of the station, and may be set at any position of the traveling route 105 so that the MR 1〇1 can be connected to the WLAN. In addition, 'MR 101 can use any network interface' such as wired Ethernet or WLAN network to provide network access services for internal users (ie MN 11〇A and 110B), making MN 110A and 110B transparent. The MR 101 is connected to the Internet. Because the MR 101 is located within the mass transit vehicle 100, the MR 101 has predictable movement behavior that moves regularly in accordance with both the schedule and the route (e.g., route 105). In addition to being connected to the AA network (WWAN network) at any time, the MR 101 can be connected to the SA network (WLAN network) for a short time at a known station. To connect the MR 101 to the SA network, the SA network (i.e., sub-networks 120 and 130) is provided with access points (i.e., access points 121 and 131) for the MR 101 to connect. It is best to plan the connection parameters in advance so that MR 1〇1 can connect to the SA network smoothly. The connection parameters are, for example but not limited to, 'SS/D (Service Set Identifier), channel, authentication method and password. 201103283 W 1 MR 101's Home Address is pre-planned. The IP address of the MR 101 located in the SA network and the IP address of the Visit Agent (FA) connected to the MR 101 are also known in advance. It can be seen from Fig. 1 that during the driving of the mass transit vehicle, the MR 101 can be connected to the network via a widely covered but narrow bandwidth AA network (14, 150 and 160). When the mass transit vehicle 100 enters and a short pause is left at the stations 121 and 131, the MR 101 can be connected to the network via a small but high frequency wide SA network (120 and 130). An embodiment discloses a pre-scheduled mobility supporting mechanism, and an example of a specific implementation method thereof will be described below. To achieve the pre-scheduled mobile support mechanism, in one embodiment, a pre-architected data structure is used, referred to as a Care-of Table. The transfer form is pre-established in accordance with the schedule of the train, and the manager sets the fields of the transfer form based on the network parameters. This transfer form records the primary address of the MR (MR_HoA) and its WLAN network address (MR-MAC) on each shuttle (ie, the mass transit vehicle 100). The MR's primary address MR_HoA is pre-planned. Ok. In addition, SA networks (sub-networks 120 and 130) and visiting agents (Foreign Agents, FA) are built in each station where the train is scheduled to stay (for example, % stations 122 and 132 in Fig. 1). . The 丨p address (FA-CoA) of this visiting agent is also included in the transfer form. Moreover, the MAC address (FA-MAC) of the AP in the sa network is also recorded in the handover form, where Ap is connected to the MR. What's more, 'connection parameters (such as SS|d), authentication keys (key), information under the jurisdiction of 201103283 FA, network information required by MR (such as bandwidth, service server, etc.) can also be recorded In the transfer form. Table 1 below shows an example of the handover form: Table 1 Train 1056 Station 1 Station 2 Station 3 MR_HoA FA1_CoA FA2_CoA FA3_CoA MR_MAC FA1_MAC FA2_MAC FA3_MAC Rt: 1, 2, 3 SSID1 SSID2 SSID3 FA1_M1_Keys FA2_M2 One Keys FA3—M3 One Keys In Table 1 above, Rt represents the station (ie, route information) expected to stay in the itinerary of the Volkswagen Transportation Vehicle. In one embodiment, the referral form can be manually set by the administrator or automatically set using the following methods. Referring now to Figure 2, there is shown a schematic diagram of an automatically set transfer form in accordance with an embodiment. In Figure 2, the primary agent (HA) 210 is a host located on the home network. Via the HA 210, other primary opportunities on the network feel that the MN or MR is accessible at all times. The primary network refers to a network that has administrative rights to the mobile node/M R. For other hosts on the Internet, regardless of the current address of the mobile node and/or MR, the mobile node and/or MR appear to be connected to the primary network. The Master Agent (HA) provides a fixed Home Address (HoA: Home Address) to the Action Node and/or MR. When other hosts on the Internet transmit data to the mobile node and/or M R, they only need to know the primary address and do not need to know the current temporary address of the mobile node and/or μ R . The Visiting Agents (FA) 220, 230, and 240 are hosts located on the visited network 201103283 1 vv γύ (Foreign Network), and can proxy the packets received by the MN/MR. For mobile nodes and/or MRs, in addition to the main network, other networks that can be connected are called visited networks. When the mobile node and/or the MR are not on the primary network (ie, it is located on the visited network), the address of the node of the mobile node and/or the MR on the network is called the Care-of-Address. . In addition, when the mobile node and/or MR are not on the primary network (i.e., it is located on the visited network), the mobile node and/or MR will use the IP of the FA as its own care-of address. The mobile node and/or MR need to inform the master agent of the care-of address that it is currently using. This action is called registration. In addition, the Access Agent (FA) can manage one or more access points (APs). As shown in Fig. 2, the visiting agents 220 and 240 manage the access points 222 and 242', respectively, and the visiting agent 230 manages the two access points 232 and 233. In addition, the pre-set transfer form is recorded in the main Agent, all visited agents along the line, mobile nodes and/or MR. As shown in Fig. 2, the handover forms 211, 221, 231, 241, and 251 are respectively within the master agent 210, the visit agents 220, 230, 240, and mr 1〇1. It will now explain how to automatically set the referral form. Figure 3 is a flow chart showing the automatic setting of the handover form in accordance with the embodiment. In the present embodiment, before the departure of the mass transit vehicle 1 or before the Volkswagen transport vehicle reaches the next FA on the ρ line, a transfer form will be established in advance (ie, the establishment of the main agent and mass transit). The passage between the vehicles; pre-established the passage between the main generation of the king and the visiting agent; the visiting agent pre-authorized to the public # 201103283 transporting the vehicle 'and distributing the available network resources of the mass transit vehicle; the mass transit vehicle The network resources configured by the visiting agent are known in advance, and the mass transit vehicle pre-completes the connection setting to the visiting agent. The transfer form is pre-established before the departure of the mass transit vehicle 100 as an example, and it is to be understood that the invention is not limited thereto. As shown in FIG. 3, first, the master agent 210 obtains information in the handover table of the MR 101, for example, MR_CoA, MR_MAC, connection parameters, authentication key, and IP address of each stop (ie, each FA). (FA_CoA) φ and MAC address (FA-MAC), etc. Next, the master agent 210 assigns the primary address of the MR 101 and informs the MR 101 of the assigned primary address. Next, the MR 101 will launch its AA interface (for example, a 3G/3.5G/Wimax network interface card) to obtain its care-of address (AA_CoA) on the AA subnet and between the AA subnet. After the connection, MR 101 registers the AA subnet care-of address (AA_CoA) with the master agent 210. A tunnel between the MR 101 and the master agent 210 is established via the AA network. The communication between MR 101 and master agent 210 is as shown in step 310. • Next, from the starting station to the destination, the master agent 210 knows the IP address (FA_CoA) and MAC address (FA-MAC) of each stop (ie, each FA), so the master agent The device 210 pre-establishes a channel between a plurality of FAs (e.g., FAs 220, 230, and 240) before the MR 101 drives or travels but does not reach the predetermined location. The communication between the master agent 210 and the FAs 220, 230 and 240 is as shown in steps 320A-320C.
之後，主代理器210將MR 101的轉交表格中的相關資 訊（如MR_CoA及MR—MAC)通知各FA，如步驟 330A〜330C所示。藉此，以讓各FA預先授權及設定MR 201103283 ,, 1 yy jz.^z.rr\ ' 可用的網路資源。 之後，主代理器210將各停靠站的FA_C〇A及FA_MAC 通知MR 101，如步驟340所示。藉此，MR 101可預先 得到FA的授權並得知FA配置給MR 101的網路資源，而 且，MR 101可預先完成對FA的連結設定。 至此，已在MR101進入停靠站前預先完成轉交表格的 設定，及預先建立通道（主代理器與大眾運輸載具間之通 道，及主代理器與拜訪代理器間之通道）；拜訪代理器預先 授權給大眾運輸載具，並分配大眾運輸載具可用的網路資 0 源；大眾運輸載具預先得知拜訪代理器所配置的網路資 源，而且，大眾運輸載具預先完成對拜訪代理器的連結設 定。 底下，將說明列車運行階段中，如何設定網路連線。 當大眾運輸載具100進站時，MR 101與該站内的FA 依事先取得的MR_MAC及FA_MAC來快速建立SA網路 連線。MR 101與該站内的FA之間的資料傳遞，不需再經 IP路由，可直接使用鏈結層（layer 2)進行傳送 _ (forwarding) ° 此外，已過站的FA與主代理器之間的通道可以被停 用。比如，當大眾運輸載具通過FA 220而開往FA 230時， FA220與主代理器210之間的通道可以被停用。 主代理器會依需求而增建對行駛方向上的下一個FA間 之通道。 此外，若MR的AA子網路轉交位址(AA_CoA)有變動， 則MR需重新向主代理器註冊新的AA_CoA並重建雙方之 12 201103283 間的通道。 在MR/MN(亦即大眾運輸載具）抵達路程上的下一 FA之 前，MR/MN已知道下一 FA的資訊（如FA_CoA、FA—MAC 等），且MR/MN也已知道下一 FA配置給MR/MN的資源， 並完成網路設定。而且，下一 FA也知道MN的資訊，及 其要配置給MR/MN的資源。 此外，當大眾運輸載具100之行程有變動，比如，大 眾運輸載具1〇〇要經過新的場站（此新的場站包括新的拜 φ 訪代理器與新的AP)，声此，“新場站”是指原本不在行程 規劃中的場站。在本實施例中，會依上述做法，預先建立 主代理器與新拜訪代理器間之通道；新拜訪代理器預先授 權給大眾運輸載具，並分配大眾運輸載具可用的網路資 源；大眾運輸載具預先得知新拜訪代理器所配置的網路資 源，而且，大眾運輸載具預先完成對新拜訪代理器的連結 設定）。如此一來，當大眾運輸載具停靠（或經過）此新場站 時，大眾運輸載具與新拜訪代理器間可迅速建立網路連 • 線。 根據一實施例的預先排程行動支援機制，為HA與MR 之間的傳送建立數個通道；其中，這些通道之一是經由AA 網路，其餘通道則是經由SA網路。在大眾運輸載具尚未 到達之前，SA網路内的FA的轉送通道是非即時的，且不 能同時地連通MR。 但在本實施例中，可先將資料（封包）預先傳送FA，一 旦MR移入SA網路，MR即可快速取得資料。現請參考 第4圖，其顯示根據一實施例的封包傳送示意圖。如第4 201103283 , 羞 w wr/\ 圖所示，在HA 210收到MR 101所需的封包後，HA 210 可透過通道而將此封包送至某些FA (如FA 220、230與 240)，如步驟410A〜410C所示。接著，FA會進行封包解 封裝（de-tunnel)，以知道此封包是要送給哪一個MR(比如 MR 101)，如步驟420所示。接著，當MR 1〇1移入某一 個FA(如FA 220)所管轄的SA網路後，MR 1〇1會通知此 FA，如步驟430所示。接著，FA會將封包送給MR 1〇1， 如步驟440所示。 隨著列車之行進，HA與FA之間的通道將會往前預建， 而已過站的FA與主代理器之間的通道則可以被關閉。這 些轉送通道係指，由HA將原本欲傳送給MR的資料先傳 給FA ’而FA能辨認出並再轉送給MR。轉送通道例如|p in IP tunneh Routing Header等。在本實施例中，雖有多 條轉送通道，但這些轉送通道都能保持透通性，亦即MR 的丨P位址與接點的IP位址不會因轉送而被更改。 综上所述，因為WLAN與WWAN都是基於IP網路架 構，而MR具備多個及多樣式的無線網路介面卡，經無線 廣域網路(WWAN)連接上網的部份，可用WWAN介面卡連 上行動電話業者的數據網路，形成MR隨時可用的存取通 道，稱為AA，但其頻寬較窄。然而mr的VVLAN介面在 短暫進站的停留時間内可連上高頻寬的SA網路。故而， MR大部分時間都只有低頻寬的AA網路可用。此外，在 其他實施例中，FA(SA網路）未必只能設置於場站内也 就是說，FA(SA網路)也可設置於非場站的其他位置。 在本實施例中，面對大眾運輸載具1〇〇内眾多且多樣 201103283 t VV I k. 的服務品求，除了需考量異質網路（Heter〇geneous Network)的整合問題外，更要考慮上網服務品質。 在行駛過程中，MR對SA網路的連線並不是連續的， 故而，在本實施例中’藉由預先排程行動支援機制以減少 MR與SA網路間重新建立連線所造成的延遲。Thereafter, the master agent 210 notifies each FA of the relevant information (e.g., MR_CoA and MR_MAC) in the handover form of the MR 101, as shown in steps 330A-330C. In this way, each FA can pre-authorize and set MR 201103283, 1 yy jz.^z.rr\ 'available network resources. Thereafter, the master agent 210 notifies the MR 101 of FA_C〇A and FA_MAC of each of the docking stations, as shown in step 340. Thereby, the MR 101 can obtain the authorization of the FA in advance and know the network resources allocated by the FA to the MR 101, and the MR 101 can complete the connection setting of the FA in advance. At this point, the transfer form has been pre-completed before the MR101 enters the stop, and the channel is established in advance (the passage between the main agent and the mass transit vehicle, and the passage between the main agent and the visit agent); Authorizes the mass transit vehicle and assigns the network resources available to the mass transit vehicle; the mass transit vehicle knows in advance the network resources configured by the visiting agent, and the mass transit vehicle is pre-completed to the visiting agent. Link settings. Below, it will explain how to set up the network connection during the train operation phase. When the mass transit vehicle 100 is inbound, the MR 101 and the FA in the station quickly establish an SA network connection according to the previously obtained MR_MAC and FA_MAC. Data transfer between the MR 101 and the FA in the station, without IP routing, can be directly transmitted using the link layer (layer 2) _ (forwarding) ° In addition, between the over-the-job FA and the master agent The channel can be deactivated. For example, when the mass transit vehicle is routed to the FA 230 via the FA 220, the passage between the FA 220 and the main agent 210 can be deactivated. The main agent will add a channel to the next FA in the direction of travel as required. In addition, if the MR AA subnet handover address (AA_CoA) changes, the MR needs to re-register the new AA_CoA with the master agent and re-establish the channel between the two 201103283. Before the next FA on the arrival path of the MR/MN (ie the mass transit vehicle), the MR/MN already knows the information of the next FA (eg FA_CoA, FA-MAC, etc.) and the MR/MN also knows the next The FA configures the resources for the MR/MN and completes the network settings. Moreover, the next FA also knows the information of the MN and the resources it is to configure for the MR/MN. In addition, when the schedule of the mass transit vehicle 100 has changed, for example, the mass transit vehicle has to go through a new station (this new station includes a new worship agent and a new AP). "New Field Station" refers to the station that was not originally planned for the itinerary. In this embodiment, the channel between the master agent and the new agent is pre-established according to the above-mentioned method; the new agent is pre-authorized to the mass transit vehicle, and the network resources available for the mass transit vehicle are allocated; The transport vehicle knows in advance the network resources configured by the new visit agent, and the mass transit vehicle pre-completes the connection settings for the new visit agent. In this way, when the mass transit vehicle stops (or passes) the new station, a network connection can be quickly established between the mass transit vehicle and the new visiting agent. According to an embodiment of the pre-scheduling action support mechanism, a plurality of channels are established for the transfer between the HA and the MR; wherein one of the channels is via the AA network and the remaining channels are via the SA network. The transfer path of the FA in the SA network is not instantaneous until the mass transit vehicle has arrived, and the MR cannot be connected at the same time. However, in this embodiment, the data (packet) can be transmitted to the FA in advance, and once the MR is moved into the SA network, the MR can quickly acquire the data. Reference is now made to Fig. 4, which shows a schematic diagram of packet transmission in accordance with an embodiment. As shown in the fourth 201103283, Shame w wr/\, after the HA 210 receives the packet required by the MR 101, the HA 210 can send the packet to some FAs through the channel (such as FA 220, 230 and 240). , as shown in steps 410A-410C. Next, the FA performs a packet de-tunnel to know which MR to send to the packet (such as MR 101), as shown in step 420. Next, when MR 1〇1 moves into the SA network governed by a certain FA (e.g., FA 220), MR 1〇1 notifies the FA, as shown in step 430. Next, the FA will send the packet to MR 1〇1, as shown in step 440. As the train travels, the passage between HA and FA will be pre-built, and the passage between the over-the-go FA and the main agent can be closed. These transfer channels mean that the data originally intended to be transmitted to the MR is first transmitted to the FA' by the HA and the FA can recognize it and forward it to the MR. Transfer channels such as |p in IP tunneh Routing Header, etc. In this embodiment, although there are multiple transfer channels, these transfer channels can maintain transparency, that is, the IP address of the MR and the IP address of the contact are not changed by the transfer. In summary, because both WLAN and WWAN are based on IP network architecture, MR has multiple and multi-style wireless network interface cards, and the part that is connected to the Internet via wireless wide area network (WWAN) can be connected by WWAN interface card. The mobile phone's data network forms a ready-to-use access channel for MR, called AA, but its bandwidth is narrow. However, mr's VVLAN interface can be connected to a high-bandwidth SA network during a short inbound stop time. Therefore, most of the time MR has only a low-frequency wide AA network available. Further, in other embodiments, the FA (SA network) may not be set only in the station, that is, the FA (SA network) may be placed at other locations other than the station. In this embodiment, in the face of the numerous and diverse 201103283 t VV I k. service items in the mass transit vehicle, in addition to the integration problem of Heter〇geneous Network, it is necessary to consider Internet service quality. During the driving process, the connection of the MR to the SA network is not continuous. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the delay caused by re-establishing the connection between the MR and the SA network is reduced by the pre-scheduling action support mechanism. .
在一實施例中，行動節點（M〇bj丨e N〇de; MN)或MR可 以一直使用固定IP位址（即主位址（H〇A))，無論其在那個 網域或者是使用何種無線通訊介面。如此一來便可以解決 • 換手和漫遊的問題，由於IP沒有改變，所以當MN/MR 在不同的無線網路介面間切換時，所有的丨p連線都不會 中斷’也不會影響上層應用程式的運作。 但是在大眾運輸工具的情況下，可能會有許多使用者同 時上網’這時若交由各使用者（亦即各MN)分別進行註冊 (也就是換手），會增加許多負擔。因此在本實施例中，由 MR來進行換手。藉此，本實施例可以解決換手問題。 此外，由於行駛過程中，大眾運輸載具1〇〇會短暫進 Φ站（122或132)，此時’大眾運輸載具1〇〇可以有效地使 用短暫可用的高頻寬SA網路的需要。這是因為：（1)啟用 WLAN之延遲已被縮短；（2)MR具有調解不同需求之能 力。其詳細解釋如下。 (1)啟用WLAN之延遲已被縮短：由於已預先排程，所 以’在出發之前，MR的WLAN介面完成IP設定後，已 預先向主代理器註冊其在拜訪網路（比如，SA網路）所取得 的IP位址（即轉交位址，Care-of-Address (CoA))，如此， 可減少鏈結層及網路層的啟用延遲時間。 15 201103283 (2)MR具有調解不同需求之能力：大眾運輸載具loo 内的使用者（比如MN 110A與110B)之需求各異。當有重 量型的需求發生時，比如，某一位使用者正在ftp檔案時， 因AA網路頻寬有限，將會對所有使用者造成影響。所以， 在本實施例中，於SA網路可用時，才來送出這些重量型 的需求。因本實施例已減少網路後端的延遲，所以，有重 量型需求的使用者已經可有效地使用短暫可用的高頻寬 S A網路。 在一實施例中，可縮減連接上SA網路的延遲並充分利 用SA網路的高頻寬來滿足重量型的需求，提升MR的服 務品質。 在本實施例中，藉由使用轉交表格，M R、Η A及各FA 之間事先知道彼此的存在及即將來訪的M R的各項連線參 數。M R於各FA(或是各SA網路）間移動時，代理器發現 (Agent Discovery)及登錄（Registration)程序可省略。各通 道於使用前甚至是在發車前即已建立完成。此外，列車的 行蹤可被掌握，因此列車進出站的時程與跟FA連線的時 程是可得知的，因此習知技術所使用的複雜時序判定 (timeout)機制也不需必要，定期的連結更新（Binding Update)也可省去。 本實施例可大幅縮減MR連上SA網路的延遲，其原因 有三： (1) 使用轉交表格來簡化管理與控制程序，只要建立用 於傳遞資料的通道即可。 (2) 由於可以預先規劃並設定MR的主位址，所以不需 201103283 執行IP層的重覆位址檢測（Duplicate Address Detection, DAD)。 (3)轉交表格不僅有助於縮短網路層（|ayer 3)的連線延 遲’也可同時提供鏈結層（|ayer2)的連線參數，同樣地可 減少鏈結層的連線延遲。另外FA可事先得知MR的主位 址及WLAN介面的MAC位址，FA傳送資料給MR時，兩 者之間可直接作鏈結層的遞送（F〇rwarding)，不需多作 ARP查詢程序。 此外，本實施例更具有下列優點：（1)沒有搜尋延遲： 因為已事先規劃，所以MR不需找尋AP與FA ; (2)沒有 授權、認證延遲：授權在車班出發前已完成，不需等到車 班進站後才授權，故沒有授權、認證所導致的延遲；（3) 沒有網路層延遲：網路層延遲是因為HA要動態指定MR 的丨P位址所導致，在本實施例中，MR的IP位址是固定 的’（4)沒有位置更新延遲：由MN主動將其目前位置生知 ^ FA^ 進入到汗八的管轄範圍後，FA就可立即將封勺 ’所以’可降低封包傳輸延遲；(6 ‘ ·、 因為已減少許多類型的延遲，所以 二:時間. :且低成本:實施本實施例並不需要額外 =本’故而’本實_簡㈣紅低成本 二 層的規劃（scheduling)。 了、、。σ應用 ”’τ上所述，雖然已以實施例揭露如上，然其 定本發明。所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者，'在 17 201103283 1 wjzHzr/\ 明之精神和範圍内，當可作各種之更動與潤飾。因此，本 發明之保護範圍當視後附之申請專利範圍所界定者為準。 【圖式簡單說明】 第1圖顯示根據一實施例的依既定行程移動之行動網 路不意圖。 第2圖顯示根據一實施例的自動設定轉交表格的示意 圖。 第3圖顯示根據一實施例的自動設定轉交表格的流程 示意圖。 第4圖顯示根據一實施例的封包傳送示意圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 100 :大眾運輸載具 105 :路線 101 :行動路由器 110A、110B :行動節點 120、 130、140、150、160 :子網路 121、 131 :存取點 122、 132 :場站 141、151、161 :基地台 210 :主代理器 220、230、240 :拜訪代理器 211、221、231、241、251 :轉交表格 222、232、233、242 :存取點 310、320A〜320C、330A〜330C、340、410A〜410C、420、 430、440 :步驟In an embodiment, the mobile node (M〇bj丨e N〇de; MN) or MR may always use a fixed IP address (ie, primary address (H〇A)), whether it is in that domain or used. What kind of wireless communication interface. This can solve the problem of changing hands and roaming. Since the IP does not change, when the MN/MR switches between different wireless network interfaces, all the 丨p connections will not be interrupted' and will not be affected. The operation of the upper application. However, in the case of mass transit, there may be many users accessing the Internet at the same time. At this time, if each user (ie, each MN) registers separately (that is, changes hands), it will increase the burden. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the hand is changed by MR. Thereby, the embodiment can solve the problem of handoff. In addition, since the mass transit vehicle will briefly enter the Φ station (122 or 132) during driving, the 'VW transport unit 1' can effectively use the short-lived high-bandwidth SA network. This is because: (1) the delay to enable WLAN has been shortened; and (2) MR has the ability to mediate different needs. Its detailed explanation is as follows. (1) Delay in enabling WLAN has been shortened: due to pre-scheduling, 'Before departure, MR's WLAN interface completes the IP setting and has previously registered its access network with the host agent (eg SA network) The obtained IP address (ie, the Care-of-Address (CoA)), thus reducing the activation delay time of the link layer and the network layer. 15 201103283 (2) MR has the ability to mediate different needs: users in the mass transit vehicle loo (such as MN 110A and 110B) have different needs. When there is a heavy demand, for example, when a user is in the ftp file, the bandwidth of the AA network will be limited, which will affect all users. Therefore, in this embodiment, these weight type requirements are delivered when the SA network is available. Since the delay of the network backend has been reduced in this embodiment, users with heavy demand have been able to effectively use the short-available high-bandwidth S A network. In one embodiment, the delay of the SA network on the connection can be reduced and the high frequency width of the SA network can be fully utilized to meet the weight demand and improve the service quality of the MR. In the present embodiment, by using the handover form, M R, Η A, and each FA know in advance the existence of each other and the connection parameters of the upcoming MN. When M R moves between FAs (or SA networks), the Agent Discovery and Registration procedures can be omitted. The channels are completed before use or even before departure. In addition, the track of the train can be mastered, so the time course of the train entering and leaving the station and the time course of connecting with the FA are known, so the complex timeout mechanism used by the prior art is not necessary, regular The Binding Update can also be omitted. This embodiment can greatly reduce the delay of the MR connected to the SA network for three reasons: (1) Using the handover form to simplify the management and control procedures, as long as the channel for transferring data is established. (2) Since the primary address of the MR can be planned and set in advance, the IP layer's Duplicate Address Detection (DAD) is not required to be performed in 201103283. (3) The handover form not only helps to shorten the connection delay of the network layer (|ayer 3), but also provides the connection parameters of the link layer (|ayer2), which can also reduce the connection delay of the link layer. . In addition, the FA can know the main address of the MR and the MAC address of the WLAN interface in advance. When the FA transmits the data to the MR, the two can directly perform the link layer delivery (F〇rwarding), and no need to make more ARP queries. program. In addition, this embodiment has the following advantages: (1) no search delay: MR has no need to find AP and FA because it has been planned in advance; (2) no authorization, authentication delay: authorization is completed before departure, no It is not authorized until the train station enters the station, so there is no delay caused by authorization and authentication; (3) There is no network layer delay: the network layer delay is caused by the HA to dynamically specify the 丨P address of the MR. In the embodiment, the IP address of the MR is fixed '(4) There is no location update delay: after the MN actively takes its current location to know ^ FA^ into the jurisdiction of Khan, the FA can immediately seal the spoon' So 'can reduce the packet transmission delay; (6 ' ·, because many types of delays have been reduced, so two: time. : and low cost: the implementation of this embodiment does not require extra = this 'definitely' this real_ simple (four) red Low-cost two-tier planning. The σ application is described in the above, although the above has been disclosed by way of example, the invention is ascertained by those skilled in the art, 'on 17 201103283 1 WjzHzr/\ the spirit and scope of the Ming The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the scope of the appended claims. [FIG. 1 shows a movement according to an established stroke according to an embodiment. The mobile network is not intended. Figure 2 shows a schematic diagram of an automatic setting of a handover form in accordance with an embodiment. Figure 3 shows a flow diagram of an automatic setting of a handover form in accordance with an embodiment. Figure 4 shows a packet in accordance with an embodiment. Transmission diagram. [Main component symbol description] 100: Mass transit vehicle 105: Route 101: Mobile routers 110A, 110B: Mobile nodes 120, 130, 140, 150, 160: Subnetworks 121, 131: Access point 122, 132: Stations 141, 151, 161: Base station 210: Master agents 220, 230, 240: Visiting agents 211, 221, 231, 241, 251: Hand-over forms 222, 232, 233, 242: Access point 310 , 320A~320C, 330A~330C, 340, 410A~410C, 420, 430, 440: steps