TW201043778A - Fluid energy converter and rotor therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

A fluid energy converter, such as windmill or a wind turbine, includes a rotor having a front rotatable hub and a back rotatable hub. In some embodiments, a plurality of blades extends from the front hub to the back hub. A suitable blade includes a front section, a tip, and a back section. In one embodiment, the chord of the tip cross section is at an angle relative to the tangent of the rotor radius. The tip chord can be perpendicular to the direction of movement of the fluid. In some cases, the profile of a blade front section, from its root to the tip, forms a concave curve. In one case, the profile of the blade tip, from a junction root to the tip, forms a convex curve. A front section, an apex, and a back section of a blade form a generally parabolic shape.

Description

201043778 VI. INSTRUCTIONS: [RELATED APPLICATIONS] This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/171,033, the entire disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference. The manner is incorporated herein. U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 11/506,762, filed on Aug. TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION The field of the invention relates generally to fluid energy converters and, more specifically, to windmills and wind turbines. [Prior Art] Fluid energy converters typically use a blade 'propeller' or impeller to convert the kinetic energy of a moving fluid into mechanical energy (mechanicaienergy) or convert mechanical energy into movement. The kinetic energy of the fluid flow. For example, windmills and waterwheels convert kinetic energy from wind or water into rotational mechanical energy' and wind turbines and hydro turbines further convert electrical energy from generator to electrical energy. In the reverse process towel, the fan, the propeller, the miscellaneous machine, and the pump are in a state where the kinetic energy of the self-rotating surface energy of the wire is imparted to the fluid. For gas 5, energy conversion from automatic to mechanical energy may be less efficient, especially for windmills and wind turbines. The world has acknowledged that the highest efficiency achievable with the conversion of 201043778 from the kinetic energy of the wind is about 59.3%. Bran == The number ignores losses caused by (for example) _ forces and eddy currents. Second, the use of two-blade wind turbines can achieve more than %% peak efficiency: the peak efficiency of the car is much lower. Therefore, there is a need for a more efficient fluid energy converter for wind applications. Although these fluids can be used to achieve a higher magnetic permeability, the machines are quite expensive. For example, although the Francis water turbine can achieve an efficiency of more than 9〇%, these turbines are extremely expensive. In some applications, the cost is more important than the effect f is maximized' and therefore requires a fluid energy converter for liquid flow that is less costly but still efficient. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The systems and methods illustrated and described herein have several features, none of which is solely responsible for its desired attributes. In the case where the scope of the description is not limited, the features will now be briefly discussed. After considering this discussion, and particularly after reading the section entitled "Implementation", it will be appreciated that the features of the foregoing systems and methods provide several advantages over conventional systems and methods. In one aspect, the invention is directed to a rotor for fluid energy conversion benefits. The rotor has a longitudinal axis, a rotatable front rotatable hub coaxial with the longitudinal axis. In an embodiment, the rotor has a rotatable rear rotatable hub that is coaxial with the longitudinal axis. The rotor has a plurality of blades, each blade including a front section, a tip and a rear section. The vanes are disposed at an angle around the longitudinal axis of the 5 201043778 j^tjuopu. Each blade is attached to the front hub at a front root attachment and to the rear hub at a rear root attachment end. The pitch of the front section is higher than the pitch of the rear section. In another aspect, the invention is directed to a rotor for a fluid energy converter. The rotor has a longitudinal axis, a rotatable front hub' that is coaxial with the longitudinal axis, and a rotatable rear hub that is coaxial with the longitudinal axis. In an embodiment the rotor has at least nine blades. Each blade is attached to the front hub ' at the front section and to the rear wheel comparison at the rear section. The vanes are positioned radially about the longitudinal axis. Each of the at least some of the blades includes a front section, a top section, and a rear section. The front section, the top section and the rear section use a fluid foil. The angle between the top and the chord is between 4 degrees and _15 degrees. In yet another aspect, the invention is directed to a fluid energy converter having a longitudinal axis. In an embodiment, the fluid energy converter has a rotatable rotor coaxially surrounding the longitudinal axis. The rotatable turn = contains = dry blades. Each blade has a front section, a top section and a rear section. The tip ch〇rcj produces a tangential elevation (tangentiai 1 out). The technicians of Tianshu S read the following detailed description and watch the attached drawings. They will understand these and other improvements. [Embodiment] Embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the drawings, in which like reference numerals The terminology used in the description herein is for the sole purpose of the description of the specific embodiments of the present invention. The use of any of the new or similar embodiments may include a number of new features. It is indispensable. The present invention is practiced by the present invention and is a (4) example of fluid energy conversion (10). The body into a sputum converter 10 〇 contains the town of the tower a ... 〇. The rotor Ο 设置 is placed around the longitudinal axis 8. In the example of "the blade mr" y ^, the rotor 1 has at least nine blades H). In some implementations, the rotor is 10; the blade 10 can be substantially abbreviated. The leaves of the eve are *%, ,, and, in which - or a plurality of fluids/sheets are formed in the surface thereof. The blade 1G may be composed of, for example, a metal sheet, a composite material (匕3 carbon fiber, glass, depending on the size and the desired strength-to-weight ratio). Manufactured from materials such as fibers and polyester resins, plastics, or any other suitable material. The fluid energy converter 100 is substantially similar to the fluid energy converter described in U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 11/746,482, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated herein For example, in a first aspect, a fluid turbine can have a rotatable rotor and a bracket or tower. The rotor includes a longitudinal axis, a plurality of and the longitudinal axis a concentric rotatable blade, a rotatable front wheel concentric with the longitudinal axis, a nacelle concentric with the longitudinal axis, a rotatable rear hub concentric with the longitudinal axis, and a longitudinal Shaft concentric shaft In an embodiment, each blade incorporates a front section, a top section and a rear section. For each blade, the root of the front section is attached to the front hub, and thereafter 7 201043778

The root of the OHJSJOpiL section is attached to the rear trough. In some embodiments, the hub rotates on the shaft by virtue of the bearing, and the shroud can be securely attached to the shaft, and the force is reduced to a small extent. The spiral wing is helicd vane). A shaft (four) having a plurality of faces attached to the tower m (four) and a drive-train of the drive housing the motor to generate a % force. In some embodiments, the tail is located on the face of the rotor 4 and attached to the rotor 'this tail is subjected to fluid: body flow. The tail portion may have both a vertical plane assembly and a horizontal unit. The upper portion of the rotor member is in the embodiment, and when some of the fluid passes through the rotor, the nip area and the low pressure region are formed. The fluid contacts the root of the front section of the blade as it is compressed near the rotor and radially from the top of the J resister blade 4 and the outer portions of the front and rear light sections, thereby opposing the surrounding fluid pressure And form a high pressure area. The low pressure region forms 'and around the longitudinal axis' and thus draws fluid into the rotor. In this way, the low pressure region accelerates the fluid across and through the rotor. In addition, the fluid tangential to the fluid entering the rotor aligns with the outer surface of the top of the blade and the outer portion of the front and rear sections, thereby inner and outer surfaces at the top of the blade, as well as the front and rear sections. A high pressure region is formed on the outer portion of the segment. Under some conditions, the rotor can be pitched (ie, rocked up and down in a vertical plane) and/or panned (ie, rotated from side to side on a horizontal plane) to take advantage of increased power production. Favorable effect. The shroud can incorporate a suspected flap that directs the fluid to rotate in the same direction as the rotor's direction of rotation, 201043778, creating a vortex and increasing power production. In another aspect, the top of the blade is folded to increase its surface area and power production capacity. In some embodiments, the fluid energy converter is configured such that the pitch of the blade front section is greater than the pitch of the rear section. In this way, the swirl behind the rigid section approaches the rear section at an appropriate angle for 'power extraction. In some embodiments, the shroud can be used to redirect fluid in a beneficial direction, in which case the pitch of the rear section of the blade can be greater. In some embodiments, the trailing section of the blade is designed to direct fluid away from the longitudinal axis in the radial direction as the fluid exits from the rear of the rotor. This increases the low pressure near the longitudinal axis and directly behind the rotor, thereby increasing the fluid draw into the rotor. In other embodiments, the trailing section of the blade is configured to stmigh the fluid exiting the rotor and re-entering the fluid stream. This minimizes the turbulence formed by the surrounding fluid mixing with the fluid that has passed through the rotor or adjacent to the rotor. In some embodiments, the shroud moves forward toward the front of the rotor to minimize the time during which the vortex rotates in the direction of power reduction. In still other embodiments, the spiral flaps of the fluid are not used to guide or redirect the fluid. In the re-slope, the tail can be offset from the longitudinal axis to set the optimum pitch and roll relative to the fluid flow. Therefore, the tail car does not need to be parallel to the longitudinal axis. In some embodiments, the varying fluid velocity increases or decreases the pressure on the tail to cause changes in pitch and roll at varying fluid velocities. In a further embodiment, the blades of the rotor are designed to flex so that the pitch of the blades will vary as a function of fluid velocity. In one example, the powertrain _η) is attached to the rear hub, and the front wheel of the rotor rotates with a free state of 9 201043778 j^j^/Dpu. In such embodiments, the pitch of the blade can be set to change as the pressure applied by the fluid to the blade changes as a function of fluid velocity.

Referring now to Figures 1, 2 and 3, an embodiment of a fluid energy converter 1A is illustrated. The fluid energy converter 100 includes a rotor 1, a powertrain 80, a tail 60, and a tower 70. In one embodiment, the rotor cymbal may have a plurality of blades 1, a front wheel 34, a rear wheel 44, a shroud 50, and a shaft 28. In some embodiments, the blade 1 can be generally a curved structure in which one or more fluid rafts are formed into its surface. The blade 10 may be fabricated from materials such as metal sheets, composite materials (including carbon fibers, glass fibers, and polyester resins), plastics, or any other suitable material, depending on the size and desired strength to weight ratio. In some embodiments, 'the rotor 1 has a length to diameter ratio Oength-to-diameter ratio' of about 〇.8:1, but this ratio may vary depending on the application, and may be at about 1:1 〇 to about 10:1. Changes within the scope. In the embodiment in which the body energy converter 100 generates energy, the blade 1 is preferably configured to capture a shunt (such as money or water) (four) energy, and will be =

The kinetic energy conversion stage to mechanical energy. In embodiments where the fluid energy transfer wire is moved, such as at a compressor or iφ °; u is used to direct the fluid in a desired direction. In the case of ^, 片, 二, preferably, 鸯g Η can be configured to compress the fluid and/or to make the fluid move too much, in reference to the fluid or fluid flow with the blade 10 (or rotor)

In the case of interaction, the term "capture" means the volume of X ^(resistance) ^ between the blades i and/or the kinetic energy transfer from the fluid to the rotor 1 "IL instrument 10 201043778 = see Figures i to 5C, One embodiment of the blade i is described. Leaf = large one is a long, slender kidney shape with its front and back 1 attached to W and 34 and then to 44. The blade 1() is bendable to convert the kinetic energy in the fluid into rotational mechanical energy: It is converted into a dynamic correction, and the guidance of riding Zhao is optimized.

O. Implementation = 'every-blade 10 front section 12 has a front; Π' wherein the average center (not shown) of the front curved portion 17 is positioned toward the blade and away from the longitudinal axis 8 in the radial direction. In some embodiments, the feed portion 17 is not a single radius, but is formed by a plurality of radii. The convex portion of the front curved portion 17 in the embodiment faces the longitudinal axis 8 and the rotor: portion, while the concave portion of the front curved portion 7 faces the average center. In some real terms, the pitch of the front section 12 varies from the front root attachment portion 13 to the transition portion 16 prior to the second 18 to cause a change in the angular velocity of the blade. In some embodiments, the pitch of the front transition 16 can be 30 degrees' and the pitch of the front root attachment portion 13 can be a twist. In other embodiments, the pitch and twist of the front section 12 (twi呦 will vary depending on the application. In some embodiments, the rear section 22 may include a rear transition portion 26 that is pitched at 20 degrees, and the rear root portion The pitch of the attachment portion 23 can be 40 degrees. In some embodiments, the twist or pitch changes from the front transition portion 16 to the front root attachment portion π and from the rear transition portion 26 to the rear root attachment σ 卩 23疋 Linear. In other embodiments, the twist is non-linear and increases toward the front root attachment portion 13 and the rear root attachment portion 23. In applications with higher angular velocities, the pitch of the blade 10 will typically Fewer, 11 201043778 may be close to zero, and in some cases may be negative. For example, in a wind turbine with a higher angular velocity, the pitch of the 'front transition portion W may be zero degrees, and the longitudinal portion of the rear transition portion 26 The shake may be minus 10 degrees. In embodiments having lower angular velocities and/or different fluids, the pitch of the blade 1 may be greater than 60 degrees. In some embodiments, the 'front section 12 and the rear section 22 have The same pitch, but in other applications' The pitch of the section 22 is greater than the pitch of the front section 12. In some embodiments, such as in a wind turbine, the pitch of the rear section 22 can be 10 degrees smaller than the pitch of the front section 12. Referring to Figures 1 to 5C, 'each blade 1' is composed of a front root attachment portion 13, a front portion 12, a top portion 18, a rear portion 22, and a rear root attachment portion 23. The front root attachment portion 13 is used for Each blade 1〇 is attached to the front wheel valley 34 and includes one or more front tabs 14. In some embodiments, the front tab 14 may have one or more front holes 15, standard buckle A member (not shown) is inserted through the front aperture to attach the blade 1〇 to the front hub 34. In some embodiments, two front tabs 14 are used, one for attaching the blade 10 to The front hub 34 is front and the other is used to attach the blade 10 to the rear of the front hub 34. In some embodiments, the front hub 34 and the rear hub 44 are similar, but in some applications, the shroud 50 Located in front of the rotor 1 to make different configurations of the front hub 34 necessary. In some embodiments, the rear root is attached The portion 23 attaches the rear section 22 to the rear hub 44 using the same method. The two rear tabs 24, each having one or more rear apertures 25, are configured to provide attachment to the rear hub 44. The front hub 34 and the rear hub 44 are generally cylindrical tubes each having a bore at the center 12 to allow the front bearing 38 to be inserted into the front hub 34 and allowing the rear bearing 48 to be inserted rearward In the hub 44. The front hub = and the rear wheel valley 44 are rigid load-bearing components, depending on the application. Metal (such as aluminum and steel), plastic (including plastic that can be molded), composite materials Made of (such as carbon fiber) or any other suitable material. The front hub 34 and the rear wheel number 44 can have a plurality of front slots 3〇 and a rear slot 40, which can be the same angle as the front root attachment portion 13 and the rear root attachment portion 23 The slots cut into the hubs 34, 44. The root attachment portions 13, 23 can be inserted into the slots 3, 4, and fastened with standard fasteners that are screwed into the hub holes 32, 42. In some embodiments, the hub bores 32, 42 are unthreaded, but provide a gap for a bolt (not shown) that extends through the first of the front tab 14 and the rear tab 24 The hub holes 32, 42 ultimately pass through the second of the front tab 14 and the rear tab 24. In some embodiments, 'nuts' and iphone washers (not shown) are used to tighten and tighten the bolts. Still referring to Figures 1 through 5C, the front transition portion 16 represents the transition from the front section 12 to the top 18. The twisting of the pitch continues to the outermost portion of the top portion 18. In some embodiments, the pitch is zero degrees here. In some embodiments, the chord at the outermost portion of the top portion 18 (the portion defining the outer diameter of the rotor 1) is not tangent to the circle defining the outer diameter of the rotor 1, but is offset at an angle relative to the tangent shift. As used herein, the term "tangential pitch" refers to the chord angle relative to the tangent to the circle defined by the outermost portion of the top portion 18. The tangential pitch is raised in a 9G plane relative to the plane of the lift 13 201043778 j^fjuopn produced by the pitch. A tangential oscillating table having a negative angle does not have a chord whose prGfile has a leading edge in the radial direction of the inner side of the circle and a trailing edge on the outer side of the circle. In some embodiments, the top 18 is a tangentially tangential dragon that indicates that the chord angle at the center of the _ sub 丨 is raised in the direction of the center of the steering and tangential to the direction of rotation. The tangential component of the lift pulls the rotor in the direction of rotation. The fluid energy converter 100 is configured to add power to the rotor 1 when it is configured to convert kinetic energy in the fluid into rotational mechanical energy. Still referring to Figures 1 through 5C, a fluid pattern of the blade 1 is described. In these yoke examples, the foils such as section 12, top 18 and rear section 22 may be different 'to account for the difference in angular velocity from the root attachment portions 13, 23 to the top 18' and also increase the fluid The energy converter touches the power extraction in an important area, such as the top 18 . In some embodiments, a f-slice different from the front transition portion 16 and the rear transition portion % may be used at the root attachment portion 13/23. In some embodiments, the front section 12 adjacent the front root attachment portion 13 uses a flat sheet-shaped foil 17 turns having a rounded edge, as shown in Figure 5B. At the front transition portion 16, the top 丨8 ❹ and the rear transition portion 26, the foil can be changed to a typical fluid foil 172 (as shown in Figure 5A) to cause an increase in angular velocity. In the vicinity of the rear root attachment portion 23, the fluid foil can again become the curved foil 174 shown in Figure 5. The profile of the fluid pattern 172, 172, 174 can depend on the angular velocity of the fluid energy converter 100, the fluid In order to minimize manufacturing costs, in some embodiments, the fluid energy converter 1 uses a flat foil 170 over 14 201043778 - the entire length of the blade 10. In other applications, For example, in large wind turbines, the fluid energy converter 1 使用 uses the fluid foil 172 over the entire length of the blade 1 。. In other applications involving wind turbines, the fluid energy converter 100 can be on the length of the blade 1〇 Two, three, four or more airf〇ils are used to cause variations in angular velocity at different regions of the blade. The different functions performed by the front section 12 and the rear section 22 may require foil Different sets of q states of slices 17 172, 172, 174. For many wind turbines, for example, SG 6040, NACA 4412 or NACA 4415 are acceptable airfoils, but many different blades can be used. For small wind turbines, SD 2030 is a preferred choice. Still referring to Figures 1 through 5C, in some embodiments, the chord length of the blade is about 6% of the diameter of the rotor 1. The optimal chord length will follow the Reynolds number ( Reynoldsrmmber), the diameter of the rotor 1, the velocity of the fluid, the type of fluid, the change in angular velocity, and the fluid energy converter 1 〇〇 converts kinetic energy into rotational energy or vice versa, using mechanical rotational energy to impart kinetic energy to the fluid. In an embodiment, the chord length will be shorter on the rear section 22 than on the front crotch section 12, while in other embodiments the chord length will be longer on the rear section 22 than on the front section 12. In some embodiments, the chord lengths of the front regions 又12 and the rear section 22 decrease or taper by a length from the hubs 34, 44 toward the top 18. In other embodiments, the chord length Longer at the hubs 34, 44 and following a nonlinear taper towards the top 18. In general, when nonlinearly tapered, the chord length follows from the top 18 toward the front section 12 and the rear section The middle of the segment 22 moves and gradually increases, and from the segments 12, 22 In the middle, the hubs 34, 44 are rapidly increased respectively. 15 201043778 ^^tjuopu In some embodiments, the fluid energy converter 100 rarely suffers from a loss of top, even without suffering a top loss, because the tangential pitch of the top 18 not only produces Power, and to prevent fluid from escaping around the top portion 18. Some embodiments of the rotor 1 utilize this by utilizing a reverse taper that is the longest at the top 18 and lighter toward the wheel: 34, 44. Phenomenon. Depending on the application, the front section 12 and the rear section 22 may not have the same taper, and the rear section 22 may have a taper, while the front section 12 has an inverted cone. In the embodiment where the front section 12 and the rear section 22 are tapered in the same direction, the optimum angle of the 'cone may vary. In still other embodiments, neither the front section 12 nor the rear section 22 tapers the chord length. This may be for manufacturing reasons (such as stress on the blade 10) rather than aerodynamic or hydrodynamic efficiency. Cost can also be a factor because it is more damaging to make the blade 1 without shrinking the length of the string in some applications. a Still referring to Figures 1, 2 and 3, in some embodiments, such as in a wind turbine or windmill, the fluid energy converter 100 includes a tail 6 that is configured to change during the direction of the wind, such that The rotor 丨 remains pointing in the wind. In some embodiments, the tail 6 has four tail fins, while in other embodiments, one, two, three, four, $ or more tail fins 62 can be used. The tail shaft 64 is generally a rounded rod that connects the tail 60 to the tail body 66. Preferably, the material of the tail portion 6 is constructed using a material having a high strength to weight ratio; the material is aluminum, titanium, carbon fiber, glass fiber and polyester resin or epoxy resin, or plastic. In some embodiments, the tail flap 62, the tail shaft 64, and the tail two 16 201043778

The second main body, in some embodiments, the tail main body 66 has a cavity in which the y: shaft 28 is inserted. The shaft 28 can have a hinge pin hole (10) perpendicular to the hole by means of a ^:gegepinhole 68

=?: The seat 72 is inserted with a flat hinge pin 8 parallel to the surface thereof to cut the hinge pin (not shown), and the hinge pin is pressed into the tail body 66 in a dry step fit. The second cavity in the tail body 66 = the insertion of the nano hinge 67, which can be the interface between the tail body 66 and the tower 7〇; the hinge 67 allows the rotor 1 to pitch and roll. The hinge 67 can be a rugged component, which in some embodiments is made of steel or inscription. In some embodiments where the fluid energy conversion H(10) is small and/or lightly loaded, the hinge 67 can be made of molded plastic (such as nylon filled with nylon) or composite material. The hinge 67 includes a counterbore. The counterbore has a shaft perpendicular to the axis of the shaft 28, and its inner diameter is slightly larger than the diameter of the tower 7'' at its uppermost portion. The tower bearing 78, in some embodiments, is a needle thrust bearing, the outer diameter of which is substantially the same as the diameter of the uppermost portion of the tower 7〇, and is located within the counterbore of the hinge 67 in the tower 70 and Between the hinges 67. The tower bearing 78 provides a low friction roll of the rotor 1. In one embodiment, the hinge 67 has two blind holes near its uppermost portion to allow insertion of the hinge pin & the hinge pin 65 is inserted through the hinge pin hole 68. The diameter of the hinge pin hole 68 17 201043778 ^^^υοριι is preferably slightly larger than the hinge pin 65 to allow the hinge pin 65 to freely rotate. In some embodiments, instead of the tail 60, a widely known roll gear is used to control the roll of the rotor turns and maintain the desired orientation of the rotor i relative to the fluid flow. The following is a theoretical description of the various power extraction modes of the fluid energy converter 100. The actual performance of any given embodiment of energy converter 100 and/or rotor 受 is governed by a number of factors; therefore, unless otherwise stated otherwise, the following description of the principles of operation should be understood as generalized, theoretical, and / / Not limiting the inventive ❹ embodiment of the device described herein and methods of use thereof. Referring now to Figures 1 and 6, the pressure differential effect across rotor i is described. Figure 6 is a schematic illustration of the rotor in the flowing fluid 112, wherein the direction of flow of the fluid U2 is indicated by the arrows. As the fluid 112 contacts the front section 12 of the blade 10 as the rotor turns, the fluid 112 is directed away from the center of the rotor 1 in the radial direction. The effect of this phenomenon is that an inner high pressure region 1U is formed on the inner surface of the blade top a, and an inner low pressure region 100 is formed at the center of the rotor bore. The inner low pressure region 11 加速 accelerates the front of the rotor. When the in in is air, the available power increases by a cube of the increase in wind speed. For example, when the rotor 1 is rotated (e.g., in a 1 meter per second), the internal low pressure region 110 accelerates the fluid 112 through the rotor i. If the inner low pressure region 110 causes the rotor 1 to draw fluid 112 from a region of the circumference of the rotor which is 20% larger than the diameter of the rotor 1, the effective volume of the rotor turns will increase by 44%. This situation increases the velocity of the fluid 112 through the rotor 加 plus 18 201043778 peaches, and the amount of available power in the fluid 112 increases by a factor of about three. This increase in available power increases the angular velocity of the rotor 1, which pushes the fluid 112 more rapidly away from the rotor 向 from the ground, 被 pleasingly as the fluid ΐ 2 is more strongly directed away from the center of the rotor 1 The low pressure region 110 has an increased size. As the internal low pressure region 110 expands, the flow through the rotor i accelerates faster, thereby increasing the available power. The result is a more efficient energy capture of the fluid mile converter 100 when used as a wind turbine. It should be noted that this phenomenon can also occur in other applications of the fluid energy converter 1 such as compressors, propellers, pumps, and hydro turbines. Still referring to Figures 1 and 6, when fluid 112 is drawn from an active area greater than the area defined by the diameter of the rotor, the fluid 112 adjacent to the fluid 112 proximate the front section 12 of the blade 1 passes the viscous interaction. Affected and follow a similar path. The result is that the fluid 112 is compressed onto the outer surface of the top 18, thereby forming an outer high pressure region 113 that surrounds the rotor i. The internal two-pressure zone Hi and the external high pressure on the top 18 are such that the density of the fluid U2 interacting with the power generating surface of the rotor 1 is increased, so that the amount of power that the fluid energy converter 1 can extract is further increased. . The result is a more efficient energy capture of the fluid energy converter 100 when used as a wind turbine. This phenomenon can also occur in other applications of the fluid energy converter 100, such as compressors, propellers, pumps, and hydro turbines. Referring now to Figure 7', the hydrodynamic characteristics of the rotor 1 are described. In some applications, fluid 112 is directed or moved within rotor 1 to maximize energy extraction from kinetic energy in fluid 112. Figure 7 depicts a schematic cross-sectional view of the blade 10 as viewed from the top. In the depicted embodiment, the blade 10 19 201043778

J^fJUOplI Front section 12 and rear section 22 When the fluid 112 contacts the front section 12, the following: 127, that is, if the front section 12 is curved with respect to the angle of attack, the flooding of the fluid and the body 112 has an attack change direction. The current part of the inspection is the direction of the fluid rib after the front (4) 12, and the core 贱 = (4) section 12, 1〇128 is also after the rotation of the slave slave 112, the internal fluid internal fluid 128 P is different from the internal Produce (four)^ rotate in the opposite direction. This angle is such that contact 12 of the blade 10 contacts the corner of the front section 12 because of the rear section 22 of the front tr2t. The reason for moving. In addition, the internal fluid 128 is also modified by the flow of the internal 4 fluid 128 as the internal fluid 128 continues to move outwardly through the rotor toward the top 18. Under the interaction with the surrounding fluid 112, the internal component of the internal fluid 丨 28 is affected by the use of the rotor i, and the surrounding fluid 112 internal fluid 128 reaches the rear section 22 and rotates in the direction. Thus, when 128 is not in phase with the front section fluid 127, in some embodiments, the fluid

Q is the correct angle of attack of the internal fluid 128 and will flow in the direction of 7. In order to sway, in the embodiment, the vertical section 22 is set to - the same. In some embodiments, the rear section section 1 is less than 12 pitched by 10 degrees, but the rear section 2 is pitched more than the front section 12 type, fluid energy converter 1〇〇 The corners, the pitches will be used with the fluid 112 and the like, and the fluid energy converter 100. Referring now to Figures 7 and 9, when the two-section section fluid 129 passes through the rear portion 20 201043778 JHJUDpii Ο Ο At the time of segment 22, the direction of the rear section of Bingxing was changed. The rear section fluid 129 moves in a direction generally parallel to the rear section chord 22, which in some embodiments can be set to a pitch that is close to the twist. Thus the rear section fluid 129 moves in a direction generally radially away from the center of the rotor 1. In Figure 9, the direction of the rear section fluid 129 is depicted as being from the rear of the rotor 1 when the rear section fluid 129 exits the rotor 1. One component of the rear section fluid 129 is radially away from the center of the rotor i. This action further deepens the internal low pressure region 110, increases the internal high voltage region 111, and increases the external high voltage region 113 (shown in Figure 6). The effect of fluid 112 at the top 18 is described with reference to Figure 8'. Figure 8 is a schematic cross-sectional elevation view of the outline of the top portion 18. In the illustrated embodiment, the top portion 18 has a flat foil 17 图 as depicted in Figure 5B. The rotation 1M is indicated by the hatched curved arrow, and the rotor radius 9 is shown by the shade. It can be seen that in this example, the top chord 29 is two to nine degrees nine degrees or tangent, but has a tangential pitch of _6 degrees. ; Turn: = In the example, as the fluid is called the front section 12 toward the top ^ and as the fluid m passes through the rotor, the fluid 112 reaches = guide - some implementation, the top μ helps to prevent the top The body escapes the rotation of the rotor 1 and minimizes the top field. The control movement of TMHU2 changes fluid I12 so that the fluid can be further changed to 1. The negative tangential pitch will also form a tangential lift m: with = to indicate 'home = smaller in the direction of rotation 174: add power to = finger 1. J. Thus, referring to Figs. 1, 3, 4B, 4C and 8, 21 201043778, the deflection of the blade 10 is described. In some embodiments, a change in the velocity of the fluid 112 and/or the angular velocity of the rotor 1 may cause the pitch of the front section 12, the tangential pitch at the top 18, and the longitudinal section of the rear section 22 of the blade 1〇. Shake the change. In some embodiments, such as in a wind turbine, it may be advantageous to modify such pitches depending on the speed of the fluid ι2 and/or the angular velocity of the rotor 1. In some embodiments, the blade 1 can be flexed or bent such that the pitch decreases as the velocity of the fluid 112 increases and/or the angular velocity increases. The deflection of the blade 1 can be achieved by forming a blade 1 可 with a flexible material such as a metal sheet, plastic, composite or other suitable material. The amount of deflection in the blade 1〇 can be controlled by varying the thickness of the material and the length of the string. As the velocity of the fluid 112 increases, it causes an increase in pressure on the surface of the blade 1 尤其, particularly at the front section 12. If the front section 12 is urged rearwardly toward the rear section 22 by the increased pressure of the fluid 112 on the surface of the crotch section 12, the pitch of the front section 12, the tangential pitch at the top 18, and the rear The pitch of the β卩 section 22 can be reduced by configuration. Usually, fluid η

An increase in the speed will result in an increase in the angular velocity of the rotor. In many applications, an increase in angular velocity will require a reduction in the pitch of the front section 12 and the rear section 22: and the top 18 to maintain optimum efficiency. U. When the top 18 rotates faster due to the increase in velocity of the fluid 112, more pressure will be applied from the fluid 112 to the surface of the top 18, and if the blade 10 is flexible 'the blade 10 will be against the rotor 丨The direction of rotation is ^74 and pushed back tangentially. This situation will reduce the tangential pitch at the top 18, which is desirable in some embodiments. Still referring to Figures 1, 3, 4A, 4B, 4C, and 8, in some embodiments, the powertrain 80 is attached to the rear hub 44 and the front hub 34 is free to rotate. In such an embodiment, the front hub 34 will rotate forward of the rear hub 44 to pull the rear hub 44 forward because the rear hub 44 must overcome the resistance of the torque of the powertrain 80. The front hub 34 precedes the rear hub 44. This degree of rotation typically increases when the velocity and/or angular velocity of the fluid Π2 increases. This increased angle of the front hub 34 relative to the rear hub 44 will reduce the pitch of the front section 12 and the rear section 22 and the tangential pitch at the top weir 8 by less. Ο Λ Referring now to Figures 10 through 14, the angle of attack of the fluid around the blade 210 will be described. The blade 210 may be similar to the blade 1〇 of FIG. 1 in a particular aspect, and may incorporate a fluid energy converter (such as the fluid energy conversion of FIG. 1) in a manner similar to that depicted and described above with respect to the blade 1〇. And use). For the purposes of this description, the axis is a coordinate axis that is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 8 (referred to herein as the axis "X" or "χ axis"). The axis 延伸 extends from the page planes in Figure 12, Figure ^ and Figure 14. Figure 11 depicts the blade 210 in the 乂_¥ plane. For purposes of illustration, sections A-A, B-B, and C-C' are provided in Figures 12-14 to depict the relative shape and relative position of the fluid sheet cross-section of blade 210. It should be noted that in most cases, the shape of the blade 210 smoothly transitions between the depicted profiles. It should also be noted that the cross-sectional views shown in Figures 12 through 14 are not drawn to scale and are provided for purposes of illustration and not limitation. Turning to Figures 12 through 14, the front root fluid foil 310 and the rear root fluid foil 312 are shown in plan. The flow direction of the fluid 32 is schematically depicted by the arrow. In some embodiments, the anterior root fluid foil 310 23 201043778 J4JU 〇pit is thicker than the front top fluid tank sheet 330 (Fig. 14) to increase the structural strength of the blade 2i. The angular velocity near the longitudinal pumping 8 can be lower than the angular velocity near the top 218. Therefore, it may be advantageous to make the front root fluid fin 31G thicker than the front top stream (four) sheet 33. In some implementations, the front root fluid (4) 31G is configured to have an angle of attack of zero degrees and a pitch of 311 of the 57 degrees of the front root chord 314. In other embodiments, the angle of attack of the fluid 32 may vary between 12 degrees and -12 degrees depending on the angular velocity of the blade 210 and the velocity of the fluid 320. In still other embodiments, the pitch 311 of the front root fluid sheet 31 can vary widely, from 1 degree in a higher angular velocity application (such as a compressor) to a fluid energy converter 100 that slowly rotates and fluid 320 89 degrees in applications with higher speeds. In some embodiments, the rear root fluid foil 312 can be thinner than the front root fluid foil 310. In some embodiments, such as in a wind turbine, the rear root fluid foil 312 will have a higher angle of attack than the front root fluid foil 310 to facilitate extraction of kinetic energy from the fluid 320. In some embodiments, the rear root fluid foil 312 is configured to have an angle of attack of ten degrees and a pitch 313 of 44 degrees between the z-axis and the rear root chord 316. In other embodiments, the angle of attack of the fluid 320 may vary between 22 and -4 degrees depending on the angular velocity of the leaf 210 and the velocity of the fluid 320. In other embodiments, the pitch 313 of the rear root fluid foil 312 can vary widely, from 1 degree 'in a higher angular velocity application (such as a compressor) to a fluid energy converter 100 that slowly rotates and the fluid 320 has a higher 89 degrees in high speed applications. Referring now to Figure 13 'in one embodiment, the angle of attack at the front fluid foil 322 is higher than the angle of attack at the front root fluid foil 310. In some implementations 24 201043778, the front fluid foil 322 is configured to have a five degree angle of attack and a 20 degree pitch 323 between the Z axis and the front chord 324. In other embodiments, the angle of attack of fluid 320 may vary between 12 and -4 degrees depending on the angular velocity of blade 210 and the velocity of fluid 320. In still other embodiments, the pitch 323 of the front fluid foil 322 can vary widely, from a higher angular velocity to 1 degree (such as a compressor) to a fluid energy converter 1 〇〇 slowly rotating And fluid 320 has 89 degrees in applications with higher speeds. In an embodiment, the angle of attack at the rear fluid foil 325 is higher than the angle of attack at the front ® fluid foil 322. In some embodiments, the rear fluid foil 325 is configured to have an attack angle of octave and a pitch 326 of 19 degrees between the Z-axis and the rear chord 327. In other embodiments, the angle of attack of fluid 320 may vary between 22 and -2 degrees depending on the angular velocity of blade 210 and the velocity of fluid 320. In still other embodiments, the pitch 326 of the rear fluid foil 325 can vary widely, from 1 degree in a higher angular velocity application (such as a compressor) to a fluid energy converter 1 〇〇 slowly rotating and fluid 320 89 degrees in applications with higher speeds. Referring now to Figure 14, in one embodiment, the angle of attack at the front top fluid foil 330 is higher than the angle of attack at the front root fluid foil 310. In some embodiments, the front top fluid foil 330 is configured to have a five degree angle of attack and a 20 degree pitch 331 between the Z axis and the front top chord 318. In other embodiments, the angle of attack of fluid 320 may vary between 18 and -4 degrees depending on the angular velocity of blade 210 and the velocity of fluid 320. In still other embodiments, the pitch 331 of the front top fluid foil 330 can vary widely, from 1 degree in a higher angular velocity application (such as a compressor) to a fluid energy converter 100 25 201043778

34JU0piX rotates slowly and fluid 320 has 89 degrees in applications with higher speeds. In one embodiment, the angle of attack at the rear top fluid foil 332 is higher than the angle of attack at the front top fluid foil 330. In some embodiments, the rear top fluid tank 332 is configured to have an octave angle of attack and a 19 degree pitch 333 between the z-axis and the rear top chord 319. In other embodiments, the angle of attack of fluid 320 may vary between 20 and -2 degrees depending on the angular velocity of blade 210 and the velocity of fluid 32 。. In still other embodiments, the rear top fluid foil = 332 pitch 333 can vary widely, from higher angular velocity applications (such as

One degree in the compressor) becomes 89 degrees in the application where the fluid energy converter 100 is slowly rotating and the fluid 320 has a higher speed. While the above detailed description has been shown and described with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, it will be understood that The skirts are fine! Make various omissions, substitutions and changes. Just like: [The invention can be embodied in the absence of all the features stated in this article, because some features can be independent of other features.

Mention: ruler; or 33 components provide dimensions. The provision of the best mode is to comply with the specific statutory requirements and to apply for a patent; the stated scope will be limited only by the embodiment of the invention, unless S is the scope of the application. The description of the patent enclosure details some embodiments of the invention. However, it will be understood that 26 201043778, regardless of the aforementioned: 1 practice in many ways. As the present invention may be described in some detail, it should be noted that when the description is used to imply that the term is used herein, the use of the term "3" should not be used to describe the features of the invention. Or the square 33 == and the [simplified schema] account (10) 疋 characteristics. Figure 1 is a perspective view of a fluid energy converter. Ο Ο Figure 2 is a partial cross-sectional view of the fluid energy converter of Figure 1. 3 is another partial cross-sectional view of the fluid energy converter of FIG. 1. The perspective = 4 Α is the sum of the blades of the blade that can be used with the fluid energy converter of Fig. 1, and the force of the blade that can be used with the fluid energy conversion 11 of Fig. 1. Figure 4C is a top plan view of a blade that can be used with the fluid energy converter of Figure i. , 5A is a perspective view of the front section of the blade of the fluid energy converter of Fig. i. , 5B is the picture! A perspective view of the top profile of the blade of the fluid energy converter. Figure 5C is a perspective view of the blade profile of the fluid energy converter of Figure 。. Figure 6 is a schematic illustration of the specific fluid dynamics associated with the fluid energy converter of Figure 1. Figure 7 is a schematic illustration of the turret of the blade of the fluid energy converter of Figure 1.

201043778 343Ut> piI cross-sectional top view. Figure 8 is a schematic cross-sectional elevation view of the contour of the blade of the fluid energy converter of Figure 1. Figure 9 is a rear elevational view of the rotor of the fluid energy converter of Figure 1. Figure 10 is a perspective view of another blade that can be used in conjunction with the fluid energy converter of Figure 1. Figure 11 is a plan view of the blade of Figure 10. Figure 12 is a cross-sectional view A-A of the blade of Figure 11. Figure 13 is a cross-sectional view B-B of the blade of Figure 11. Figure 14 is a cross-sectional view C-C of the blade of Figure 11. [Description of main component symbols] I: Rotor 8: Longitudinal axis 9: Rotor radius 10: Blade II: Front section Chord 12: Front section 13: Front root attachment part 14: Front tab 15: Front hole 16 : Front transition portion 17 : Front curved portion 18 : Top 22 : Rear section 28 201043778 23 : Rear root attachment portion 24 : Rear tab 25 : Rear hole 26 : Rear transition portion 28 : Shaft 29 : Top chord 30 : Front slot 34: Front hub® 38: Front bearing 40: Rear slot 44: Rear hub 48: Rear bearing 50: Shroud 60: Tail 62: Tail flap 64: Tail shaft 〇 65: Hinge pin 66: Tail body 67: comparison key 68: key lock hole 70: tower 72: tower base 78: tower bearing 80: powertrain 29 201043778 343ϋ6ριί 100: fluid energy converter 110: internal low pressure region 111: internal high pressure region 112 Fluid 113: External High Pressure Zone 127: Fluid Flow/Front Section Fluid/Fluid 128: Internal Fluid 129: Rear Section Fluid 170: Flat Sheet Foil/Fluid Foil 172: Fluid Foil 174: Curved Foil / Fluid foil / direction of rotation 176: tangential lift 210: blade 218: top 310: front root fluid foil Sheet 311: Pitch 312: Rear Root Fluid Foil 313: Pitch 314: Front Root String 316: Rear Root String 318: Front Top String 319: Rear Top String 320: Fluid 322: Front Fluid Foil 30 201043778 323: Pitch 324: front chord 325: rear fluid foil 326: pitch 327: rear chord 330: front top fluid foil 331: pitch 332: rear top fluid foil 333: pitch

31

Claims (1)

201043778 34306pif VII. Patent Application Range: h A rotor for a fluid energy converter, the rotor comprising: a longitudinal axis; a rotatable front hub coaxial with the longitudinal axis; a rotatable rear hub, the same The longitudinal axis is coaxial; each blade comprises a front section, a top section and a rear section; wherein the blade is disposed at an angle around the longitudinal axis; /, the middle mother blade is attached to the front root Attached to the front wheel number ' at a portion and attached to the rear hub at a rear root attachment end; and wherein the pitch of the front section is higher than the pitch of the rear section. 2. The rotor of claim 1, wherein the rotor creates a high pressure region at an outer surface of the blade tip. 3. The rotor of claim 1, wherein the low pressure region begins near the front section of the blade, and wherein a difference between the low pressure region and ambient pressure is toward the blade The rear section is increased by 0. 4. The rotor of claim 1, wherein the pressure increases within the rotor as the distance from the longitudinal axis of the reference increases. 5. The rotor of claim 1, wherein the front section deflects the fluid away from the longitudinal axis in a radial direction. 6. A rotor for a fluid energy converter, the rotor comprising: a longitudinal axis; a rotatable front hub coaxial with the longitudinal axis; a rotatable rear hub coaxial with the longitudinal axis; 201043778 343U0pit at least nine blades 'each blade attached to the front hub' at a front section and attached to the rear hub at a rear section, the blades being radially around the longitudinal axis Positioning, wherein each of at least some of the blades comprises a front section, a top section and a rear section; wherein the front section, the top section and the rear section use a fluid foil; and wherein The top chord is between 4 and -15 degrees. 7. A fluid energy converter comprising: a longitudinal axis; and a rotatable rotor coaxially surrounding the longitudinal axis, wherein the rotatable rotor comprises a plurality of blades each of which includes a front section , a top and a rear section; and wherein the top chord produces a tangential lift. 8. The fluid energy converter of claim 7, which is a wind turbine having at least nine blades and wherein the fluid accelerates through the rotor. The fluid energy converter of claim 7, further comprising a curve of the portion and wherein the front curve is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis from the main vehicle from the direction of the longitudinal axis The main radial direction transition. 10. The fluid energy yellow converter of claim 9, wherein the front curve is designed to deflect fluid away from the longitudinal axis in a radial direction. 11. A rotor for a fluid energy converter, the rotor comprising: a longitudinal axis; 33 201043778 34306pif, a rotating mis-it that is coaxial with the longitudinal axis; a rear hub: coaxial with the longitudinal axis = blade 'each-blade includes a front section, a top section and a rear section; ^ said blades are angularly disposed about said longitudinal axis; wherein each blade is attached to said front root attachment portion a front hub attached to the rear hub at a rear root attachment end; and wherein the front section adjacent the rotatable front hub has an angle of attack lower than the rotatable rear hub The angle of attack at the rear section. 12. The fluid energy converter of claim 5, wherein a difference between an angle of attack of the front section and the rear section is after the rotatable front hub and the rotatable rear The vicinity of the hub is larger than at the top. 34