201040357 六、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係有關於沖刷深度之量測技術，特別是指一種應用壓電片之沖刷 監測方法及裝置，可監測水工結構物之即時沖刷深度。 【先前技術】 台灣跨河橋梁基礎裸露情況明顯，通常肇因於河川上游攔砂構造物阻絕 砂石來源以及河川砂石濫採造成河床高程逐年下降，復以跑風豪雨侵襲，洪 水沖刷河床導致橋梁基礎裸露。為掌握橋基沖刷情形，以確保橋梁穩定性與 〇 安全性’研發一套有效且準確的沖刷監測系統為橋梁工程當前重要且急迫之 工作。 傳統橋梁基礎沖刷深度監測之技術，包括重力式、溫度量測及光纖量測 等方法，其中曾獲得專利之技術包括： 一、中華民國新型專利第172991號之重力式沖刷測量裝置，其揭示一種 利用絞索將重錘沿固定套官延伸至沖刷面，並由絞索的㈣^量測出 沖刷深度。然而，此裝置需現場量測，無法達到即時量測及長時間 蒐集資料的目的。 ◎ 二、中華民國第搬3632雜明專利申請案之重力式沖刷侧桿，其揭 示一種以重力偵測桿監測橋梁基礎河床沖刷深度之監測裝置，當河 床因沖刷而下陷時，該重力偵測桿和保護套管亦隨著下降，藉由^準 滑移即時獲得沖刷資料。然而，此裝置需透過一監測信號操取單元 隨時監測該重力綱桿的位準，該謂信觸取 定期維修。 ,、 三、中華民國發明專利第mi%9號之溫度量測方法，其揭示一種以溫 度量測河床掏空方法，特別是指一種於河床斷面等距設置數舰向 排列之溫度量測器，透過每一支溫度量測器所量測之溫度變化判 斷出河床土猶無被河流掏空。但溫細器，例如為溫度計或熱 201040357 輛器，長期置於河水中恐有受損之虞；若在溫度量測器外施予保護 裝置’則極容易影響溫度感測效能。此外，當天氣狀況處於極低溫， 則不一定水溫會明顯高於土層溫度。 四、中華民國新型專利第199325號之规量測技術，揭示一種河床沉積 沖刷監測裝4 ’糊内置雄細細單元之可撓曲桿體，垂直設 ’當河床沖刷到預定高度時，可藉由光纖產生的撓曲應 變’及由分析器所獲得的對應物理量變化監測沖刷深度。然而，採 用光纖量測技術需有—光源產生器提供通過光纖的絲，因綠量 測現場存在供電及維修問題。 【發明内容】 本發明之目的在於提供—種不綠電即可辦且低祕的顧壓電片 之沖刷監測方法及監測裝置。 本發明之另-目的’在於提供—種可即_得沖刷深度且降低維修成本 的應用壓電片之沖刷監測系統。 本發明應用壓電片之沖刷監測裝置，包括：多健電片，其具有高靈敏 度’可細《、變職#動，每—壓電卩具有—龜端及—_端，該輸出 端包括二電·分別連接導線，感應端採薄膜式設計，具有柔軟性膽水中 不易因漂流物撞擊而損壞；-細旱，採例如中空的不錢鋼管或塑膠管製成 用於供壓電㈣定安裝且賴電㈣導線鋼容設其巾，細可充填水财 漿增加勁度，以減河水中漂流物之撞擊力，但铜桿的型態不以此為限； 及-負載，本發鳴-具有示波ϋ功能的數侧取器， 況來說，可安裝於橋梁之橋面板下方’與該等壓電片的導、键接，讀取各頻 道的電壓值並紀錄成一可供傳輸的數據資料。 該沖刷監測裝置還可包含多數固定單元，每一固定翠元祕一固定套環 與多數套管式膨脹螺栓，用於將該細桿固定於結猶，例如橋梁基礎上， 固定套環本挪歡铜桿上’欄.料膨輯獅奴術之^凝土 201040357 基礎上。 若該偵測桿是由多段共同組合而成’則任二^目鄰段之間可利用一組結合 單元進行接合。該結合單元包括二分別電焊於f貞測桿之相鄰段端部的結合環 片(又稱為法蘭片），及多數個將該二結合環片鎖固結合的高張力螺栓。 壓電性（piezoelectricity)是指當壓電材料的晶體受到某固定方向外力的 作用時’内部就產生電極化現象’同時在兩個表面上產生符號相反的電荷， 當外力撤去後，晶體又恢復到不帶電的狀態，當外力作用方向改變時，電荷 的極性也隨之改變，晶體受力所產生的電荷量與外力的大小成正比。本發明 〇 所採賴電狀感應端為-種由壓電材料聚雙氟亞乙烯（⑽⑽沖^ fluoride，簡稱PVDF)做成的高分子薄膜。當壓電片感應端受力變形即產生電 壓並透過輸出端電槪導線而提供給貞載。由於薄膜狀的設計易於彎曲產生 變形，使壓電片祕端成為一個理想的應變計，可測讓小的應變聽。藉 由此一特性可開發一套全新的沖刷監測裝置。 藉由上Μ電域應端受力變形8«生電壓、不受力_不產生電壓之 雛’可用來判斷壓f賊應端是否受力而產生_職，進而辨別壓電片 感應端為暴露於動態的水流之中或埋置於靜止的砂土中。以下利用一個在實 驗室觀之實驗案例說明：將壓電片沿縱向固定於偵測桿上，每片壓電片分 〇 別以導線連結至-個訊號頻道，由上往下絲編號為咖.8，軸麼電片 (頻道)的間隔為5公分。將沖刷監測裝置設置於槪河床中，其中埋 入砂土中’ Ch34置於水中，其餘顧於空氣中。由壓電原理可知，當壓電 片感應端於水中受水流擺動變形時將會產生電壓，而埋設於砂土中找電片 感應端細固定不動而不會產生電壓變化。藉由量測軸頻道(壓 壓訊號’可瞭廊固壓電片的動態城，依據各壓電片的佈設位置，可推知 水與沙土的交介面位置，即知沙土深度。經由—段時間之監測，可瞭解沙 土深度變化情形，即可得知沖刷深度。 本發明應用壓電>；之監測裝置適驗監測現有橋梁，可糊以下安裝施 201040357 工方法進行安裝，步驟包含： ⑻於一橋梁基礎旁的河床挖掘出一挖掘坑。 (b) 在該挖掘坑内鑽孔，同時伸入一保護套管。 (c) 將一沖刷監測裝置的偵測桿連同固定其上的壓電片埋入該保護套管 内。 (d) 抽出該保護套管。 (e) 將該偵測桿固定於該橋梁基礎。 ①回填河床至原高程。 當然，本發明應用壓電片之監測裝置不限於用來監測現有橋梁，亦適合 在新建新橋梁時一併安裝，或是安裝於其他位於河床及海岸之結構體，例如 碼頭、堤防、水門等水工結構物。 當該沖刷監測裝置現場安裝完成，即可搭配一資料發送裝置，及一設置 於遠端的資料接收飼服器，統稱為河床監測系统，而完成數據資料的篆集、 傳輸及匯紅現。蹄贿職£與娜娜||連接，設餘結獅上半 部’以橋梁來說，例如橋面板下方，且可與數據梅取器共同容置於一監測箱 内以達到保護以及防盜的功能。資槪雖置將紀錄到的數據利用有線網路 或無線網路傳送到資料接收飼服器。 資料接收彳摄H為安財—綱發之數據錄倾的電腦主機 ，接收由 現地傳來的數據、解讀並分析後，以圖形化方式呈現各頻道電壓訊號-時間 關係圖，以供使用者判讀即時的何床沖刷深度。 、本發明之功效在於：採用受力變形即產生電壓的壓電片作為應變計，透 麵^ 排埋<〇^列如橋梁基礎’可即時監測河床深度變化，提供學 術研究或_目_蛾_撕痛縣全雖之拷，也可應用於任 、堤防、水門等，具有條電（訊號產 生不需耗電）、娜耗、低雜成本等優點。 【實施方式】 201040357 —有關本發明之前奴其他技術内容、特點與功效，在以下配合參考圖式 之一個較佳實施例的詳細說明中，將可清楚的呈現。 、參閱圖1與圖2,本發明應用壓電片之沖刷監測系統1〇〇之較佳實施例， 以進行橋梁基礎4沖刷監測舉例說明，該系統1〇〇包含沖刷監測裝置卜資 置2 ’及遠端的資料接收舰器3，以下針對三個部分進行功能說 一、沖刷監測裝置1 士此部分主要包括-偵測桿u、多電片12及一數據娜器13 〇請同 Ο 時參閱圖1及圖4，本實施例之偵測桿11為不銹鋼管，不銹鋼管長度視監測 深度需求而麵獨。考量翁職關，可採6公从—私，如需增加 監測深度可將多根不義管利縣合單元14串接使用。請參閱圖5及圖曰6， 以其中二根欲串接的不銹鋼管來說，所使用結合單元w包括二分別電焊於 該二不銹鋼管U目鄰端的結合環片⑷，及多數個將該二結合環片i4i鎖固 結合的高張力螺栓I42。壓電片U沿縱向間隔地固定於該偵測桿u，裳設 間距可視需要調整’此處採間距為25公分，以6公尺為單位之偵測桿^， 總計裝設24㈣電片12。安裝時紐連接有壓電片12之導線12〇置於不韓 鋼管内’再將該等壓電片12由不銹鋼管沿縱向間隔開設的多數個安裝孔ιι〇 ❹ 處触迦定购管上，«料_管_絲泥砂浆112，α增加鋼管 勁度並保護導線120 〇 請同時參_ 1細3，每-壓電片η尺寸約22公分χΠ丨公分，具 有-由壓電材料製成且凸伸於伽彳桿^表面的感應端121，及__與感應端 121連接且内含正、負電槪訊號線的輸出端122。感應端121在受力變形 的情況下產生電壓並透過輸出端122傳出。每一壓電片12的感應端121及 輸出端122的表面皆設置有防水層（圖未示），且偵測桿^的安裝孔11〇與 對應的壓電片12之間的縫隙進行防水處理。 請參閱圖2’本實施例之數據掏取器13，也就是該等壓電片12的負載， 201040357 在本實施狱安裝·梁之翻板下方 輸出端122 (見圖3)連接，且干、㈣-導線120與6亥4壓電片12的 值，並麟每-壓電片12的雷厭蚀分士卢 ^醫魘电月12的電壓 料。 電壓值依時序紀錄成該壓電片12的電壓數據資 二、 資料發送裝置2 如圖2所示’資料發繼2即-網路傳驗備，與數據擁取器13連 接，將I得的數據利用有線網路或3.5G行動無線網路傳送到遠端饲節。 在本實施例，資伽與該數翻取器13共同安裝於橋面板下;主 梁旁的監測箱20内以達到保護以及防盜的功能 三、 遠端的資料接收飼服器3 如圖2所示，資料接收飼服器3為一台具有數據分析的主機，接收由現 地傳來的數據並自動分析畫出即時的各壓電片之電壓訊號_時間關係圖再由 顯示幕顯示，供作為沖刷深度的判斷。 請參閱圖7、圖8及圖10 ’以下說明本發明應用於一橋梁基礎4的施工 方法，相關圖令顯示之施工環境係在枯水期或橋梁新建階段，因此未標示水 面。欲量測一橋梁基礎4約10公尺之可能沖刷深度，施作情形與组件用途 及施工方式說明如後(採用之尺寸係供範例說明之用，實際應用時可視需求 調整）： A.組件名稱及用途 S稱 用途 沖刷監測裝置1，如圖1 得知各高程壓電片的電壓訊號 結合單元14，包括二結合環片 141舆多數螺栓142，如圖5及 圖6 使兩兩不銹鋼管相結合，以增加監測深度。結合環片 電焊固定於相鄰的不銹鋼管的相鄰端 固定單元15，包括一固定套環 151與多數膨脹螺栓152，如圖9 —-- - 固定沖刷監測裝置1的偵測桿11於^梁基礎。固定 套環151預先電焊固定於不銹鋼管上 B.施工順序 201040357 步驟 内容 注意事項 1 將欲結合之不銹鋼管甬螺栓將結合環片 接合固定，如圖6 螺栓需確實固定避免鬆脫 2 於河床上挖掘產生挖掘坑50使橋梁基礎 4露出約1.5公尺 此挖掘坑用於安裝固定套環於橋梁基礎4。 3 採用全套管式鑽孔，於欲安裝德梁基礎 旁開始鑽孔，孔深10公尺(由基礎頂算 起），孔直徑約0_3公尺以上，如圖7 為使埋設過程順利，不受鐵孔後土方岍塌影 響：同時亦可避免沖刷監測計於埋設過程， 損傷壓電片，故於鑽孔的同時打入保護套管。 4 將偵測桿11埋入鑽好之10公尺深孔中。 標記固定套環（圖9)上之螺栓孔位置於 橋梁基礎上，參考圖8 標記須準確以方便鑽洞與安裝之作業進行。 5 於標s己處鑽洞後，埋入膨脹螺栓，參考圖 8 使用套管式膨脹螺栓，安裝於混凝土結;^ 6 7 與固疋套環之螺栓孔比對無誤後，先將錢 孔所用之保護套管51抽出，再將偵測桿 11固定位於橋梁基礎上，參考圖8 1等螺帽鎖緊固定，接著將導線120拉出地 面’再將河床回填至原高程，如圖9 須檢查所有壓電片及導線等設備皆運作良 好，方可進行下一步驟 3行填土作業時，須檢查壓電片是否運作正 常’直到填土作業完成為止 8 最後’將導線120連接至橋面板 測箱20内’測試系洗正常運作後即可完 工 監測箱20為一保護數據擷取器13與資料發 送裝置2之箱子，兼具防盜功能 ※備註 .圖7、8及圖1〇僅以沉箱基礎為例說明’實際應用時並無基礎種類之限制 如圖11所示，以下利用一實驗室模擬河床沖刷之例子說明本發明之可 將壓電片12沿縱向固定於細桿，每片壓電片12分別以導線（圖 11中未顯示）連結至一個訊號頻道，由上往下贿編號為（：}11<^8，雜 壓電片(頻道)的間隔為5公分。將侧桿U設置於槪河床5中，其令07^ 床砂土巾’ Ch34置於水巾’其餘暴露於魏巾。由壓f原理可知， 當壓電片12感應端121於水中受水流擺動變形時將會產生電壓而埋設於 中之壓電片12感應端121則因固定不動而不會產生電壓變化。 請配合參關12，以下就數據操取器（圖n中未顯示）量測縣侧 道(壓電片)的電壓訊號作一簡單介紹： 9 201040357 一、 賴電壓訊號(圖12-A)，起始階段Chl〜3電壓訊號穩定且起始值甚 健近於OmV’可判定CM]壓電片12係處於空氣中；而 動而有一固定之電壓輸出，故可判別為處於水中；Ch7〜8訊號亦相 當穩定’然起始值大於OmV ’判斷為受土壓力職，因鱗判^^8 壓電片12埋置於土中。上述電壓訊號的判讀與實驗設置相符。 二、 實驗經過約15〇秒細闕，Ch3訊號受到擾動開始增強判斷 為水位上升接觸到CM壓電片12而產生擺動，此一特性表示壓電 片冲刷▲ 則裝置1可記錄水位的高程。在此區間内Ch7〜8訊號仍保 持平穩，表示Ch7〜8壓電片12尚埋在砂土中。 三、 由B 12-C可明峨㈣Ch7 -開始並無擾動訊 ，但經過250 秒後訊號開始產生擾動，可推測由於水流沖刷，造成砂土掏空，於 是Ch7壓電片12開始受到水流擺動，因此可預估沖刷深度約有5 公分。而Ch8目沒有擾動的電壓訊號而呈現一近乎直線狀態，故可 判別CH8壓電片12為仍埋於砂土中。 四、 時間進行約530秒喷如圖12_D)，Ch7訊麟於平靜沒有擾動，可 推測砂土回淤至Ch7壓電片π的位置，其與實驗設置的覆土測試 吻合。至590秒時Ch7又因沖刷而再度產生擾動的訊號。 I、綜=上it四點以數字取代頻道編號說明實際砂土層高度，即是初始階段 蛉土層雨度為14公分，水位為1〇公分，經過15〇秒後水位上升至15公分， 2如秒後沖刷5公分’砂土層剩餘9公分，53〇秒時砂土回於5公分，59〇 争為中刷深度再度達到5公分。由此實驗可瞭解前述八個壓電片12的動態 Τ依據各壓電片的佈設位置，可推知水與河床砂土的交介面位置即知 河床高程。經由一段時間之監測，可瞭解河床高程變化情形。 杂^納上述，本發明將壓電片擺動變形時可產生電壓變化的原理，透過適 :的安排’可4測得水工結槪的沖刷深度，例如實施例所述橋梁基礎的河 床沖刷深度’藉此即時觀測河床高程；且由於壓電片的不耗電、可撓、靈敏 201040357 等特性’經得起風吹日曝及洪水沖刷，非常適合推廣作為各地橋梁基 Μ水I結構物沖刷情形觀測使用，以確保結構安全性。 3、 【圖式簡單說明】 圖1是本發明應用壓電片之沖刷監測裝置之較佳實施例局部結構附系胃 圖2是本發明應用壓電片之沖刷監測系統的較佳實施例示意圖。 圖3是該較佳實施例中，一壓電片的示意圖。 圖4是該較佳實施例之伯測桿的剖視圖。 圖5及圖6是該較佳實施例之結合單元的立體分解圖及組合圖。 Ο 圖7、圖8及圖10是該較佳實施例的施工示意圖。 圖9是該較佳實施例之固定單元的立體分解圖。 圖11是本發明以實驗室模型模擬沖刷之佈置示音圖。 圖12是利用圖U之沖刷監測裝置所測得的各。 201040357 【主要元件符號說明】 100...............沖刷監測系統 1 ...................沖刷監測裝置 11 .................偵測桿 110...............安裝孔 112...............水泥砂漿 12 .................壓電片 120 ...............導線 121 ...............感應端 122 ...............輸出端 13 .................數據擷取器 14 .................結合單元 141 ...............結合環片 142 ...............螺栓 15 .................固定單元 151 ...............固定套環 152 ...............螺栓 2 ...................資料發送裝置 20.................監測箱 3 ...................資料接收祠月民器 4 ...................橋梁基礎 50.................挖掘坑 .................保護套f 51201040357 VI. Description of the Invention: [Technical Field of the Invention] The present invention relates to a measurement technique for scouring depth, and more particularly to a method and apparatus for scouring monitoring using a piezoelectric sheet, which can monitor the instantaneous scouring depth of a hydraulic structure . [Prior Art] The bare foundation of Taiwan's cross-river bridges is obvious. It is usually caused by the sand-blocking structures in the upper reaches of the river to prevent the source of sand and gravel and the indiscriminate use of river sand and gravel. The riverbed elevation has been declining year by year, and the torrential rain has invaded and the flood washed the riverbed. The bridge foundation is bare. In order to master the bridging situation of the bridge, to ensure the stability of the bridge and the safety of the ’, it is an important and urgent task for the bridge project to develop an effective and accurate scouring monitoring system. The traditional bridge foundation scouring depth monitoring technology includes gravity type, temperature measurement and fiber measurement methods, among which the patented technologies include: 1. Gravity scouring measuring device of the Republic of China New Patent No. 172991, which discloses a The weight is extended along the fixed sleeve to the scouring surface by the noose, and the scouring depth is measured by the (four) of the noose. However, this device requires on-site measurement and cannot achieve the purpose of real-time measurement and long-term collection of data. ◎ 2. The Gravity Scouring Side Rod of the 3692 Patent Application for the Republic of China, which discloses a monitoring device for monitoring the depth of the bridge bed by the gravity detection rod. When the river bed is subsided due to scour, the gravity detection The rod and the protective sleeve are also lowered, and the flushing data is instantly obtained by the quasi-slip. However, the device needs to monitor the level of the gravity rail at any time through a monitoring signal operation unit, which receives regular maintenance. , , third, the temperature measurement method of the invention patent No. mi%9 of the Republic of China, which discloses a method for measuring the riverbed hollowing by temperature, in particular, a temperature measurement of a ship-like arrangement in an isometric setting Through the temperature changes measured by each temperature measuring device, it is judged that the riverbed soil is not hollowed out by the river. However, the temperature regulator, such as a thermometer or heat 201040357, may be damaged if it is placed in the river for a long time; if the protection device is applied outside the temperature measuring device, it will easily affect the temperature sensing performance. In addition, when the weather conditions are extremely cold, the water temperature may not be significantly higher than the soil temperature. 4. The measurement technology of the Republic of China New Patent No. 199325 reveals a flexible bed of the riverbed sediment flushing monitoring device 4' paste built-in male thin unit, which is vertically set to 'when the riverbed is washed to a predetermined height, it can be borrowed The scouring depth is monitored by the flexural strain generated by the fiber and the corresponding physical quantity change obtained by the analyzer. However, the use of fiber optic measurement technology requires that the light source generator provide wire through the fiber, as there is power and maintenance issues at the green measurement site. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The object of the present invention is to provide a scouring monitoring method and a monitoring device for a piezoelectric sheet which can be handled without a green power and which is low in secret. Another object of the present invention is to provide an embossing monitoring system for an applied piezoelectric sheet which is capable of scouring depth and reducing maintenance costs. The scouring monitoring device for applying the piezoelectric sheet of the invention comprises: a multi-powered electric piece, which has high sensitivity, can be fine, and can change, and each of the piezoelectric cymbals has a turtle end and a _ end, and the output end includes The second electric wire is connected to the wire separately, and the sensing end adopts the film type design, which is not easy to be damaged by the impact of drifting objects in the soft bile water; - fine drought, such as hollow steel pipe or plastic tube is made for piezoelectric (4) Installation and electricity (4) wire steel to accommodate its towel, fine filling water slurry to increase the stiffness to reduce the impact of drifting water in the river, but the shape of the copper rod is not limited to this; and - load, the hair Ming - a digital side picker with oscillating oscillating function. In other words, it can be installed under the bridge deck of the bridge to conduct and connect with the piezoelectric sheets. Read the voltage values of each channel and record them as one. Data data transmitted. The flushing monitoring device may further comprise a plurality of fixing units, each fixing a Tsui Mi secret fixing ring and a plurality of casing type expansion bolts for fixing the thin rod to the knot, such as a bridge foundation, and the fixing ring ring On the copper rod on the 'column. Material expansion lion slavery ^ Condensate 201040357 based. If the detecting rod is composed of a plurality of sections together, then a pair of joining units can be joined between the two adjacent sections. The bonding unit comprises two bonding rings (also referred to as flange pieces) respectively welded to the end portions of the adjacent segments of the measuring rods, and a plurality of high tension bolts for locking and combining the two coupling ring pieces. Piezoelectricity refers to the fact that when the crystal of a piezoelectric material is subjected to a force in a fixed direction, the internal electrode is formed. At the same time, the opposite sign is generated on both surfaces. When the external force is removed, the crystal is restored. In the uncharged state, when the direction of the external force changes, the polarity of the charge changes, and the amount of charge generated by the force of the crystal is proportional to the magnitude of the external force. The invention adopts a polymer film made of a piezoelectric material poly(difluoroethylene) ((10) (10), which is abbreviated as PVDF). When the sensing end of the piezoelectric piece is deformed by force, it generates a voltage and is supplied to the load through the output terminal. Since the film-like design is easy to bend and deform, the tip of the piezoelectric sheet becomes an ideal strain gauge, and the small strain can be measured. With this feature, a new set of flush monitoring devices can be developed. The upper part of the electric field should be deformed by force 8« raw voltage, unforced _ no voltage generating chicks can be used to determine whether the pressure thief should be forced to generate _ position, and then identify the piezoelectric sensor Exposure to dynamic water flow or buried in static sand. The following is an experimental case in a laboratory view: the piezoelectric sheets are fixed to the detecting rods in the longitudinal direction, and each of the piezoelectric sheets is connected by wires to a signal channel, and the number of the wires is numbered from top to bottom. .8, the axis of the film (channel) is 5 cm apart. The flushing monitoring device is placed in the raft bed where it is buried in the sand 'Ch34 is placed in the water and the rest is in the air. It can be known from the piezoelectric principle that when the sensing end of the piezoelectric piece is oscillated and deformed by water in the water, a voltage is generated, and the sensing end embedded in the sand is finely fixed without causing a voltage change. By measuring the axial channel (pressure signal), the dynamic city of the piezoelectric film can be used. According to the layout position of each piezoelectric piece, the position of the interface between water and sand can be inferred, that is, the depth of the sand is known. The monitoring can be used to understand the depth change of the sand, and the depth of the scouring can be known. The monitoring device of the present invention applies the monitoring device to monitor the existing bridge, and can be installed by the following installation method, the steps include: (8) A digging pit is excavated from the riverbed next to the foundation of the bridge. (b) Drilling holes in the excavation pit and simultaneously projecting a protective casing. (c) Detecting the detection rod of a flushing monitoring device together with the piezoelectric piece fixed thereto Buried into the protective sleeve. (d) Pull out the protective sleeve. (e) Fix the detection rod to the bridge foundation. 1 Backfill the riverbed to the original elevation. Of course, the monitoring device using the piezoelectric sheet of the present invention is not limited It is also used to monitor existing bridges. It is also suitable for installation when new bridges are built, or for installations on other riverbeds and coastal structures, such as docks, dikes, water gates, etc. After the on-site installation is completed, it can be combined with a data sending device and a remote data receiving and feeding device, collectively referred to as a riverbed monitoring system, and complete the collection, transmission and redemption of data. Nana||Connect, set the upper part of the Yushi lion's bridge, for example, under the bridge deck, and can be placed in a monitoring box together with the data finder to achieve protection and anti-theft functions. The recorded data will be transmitted to the data receiving and feeding device by wired network or wireless network. The data receiving and receiving H is the computer host of Ancai-Xuanfa's data recording, receiving data from the local area and interpreting it. After analysis, the voltage signal-time relationship diagram of each channel is graphically presented for the user to interpret the instantaneous bed scouring depth. The effect of the present invention is that the piezoelectric sheet that generates the voltage by force deformation is used as the strain. Measure, through the surface ^ burying < 〇 ^ column such as bridge foundation ' can instantly monitor the depth change of the river bed, provide academic research or _ _ _ _ _ 痛 pain county all copy, can also be applied to Ren, dike, water gate, etc. , There are advantages such as electric power (signal generation does not require electricity consumption), consumption of na, low miscellaneous cost, etc. [Embodiment] 201040357 - Other technical contents, features and effects of slaves before the present invention are better in the following reference drawings The detailed description of the embodiments will be clearly shown. Referring to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, a preferred embodiment of the scouring monitoring system of the piezoelectric sheet of the present invention is used to perform the bridge foundation 4 scouring monitoring. The system 1〇〇 includes a flushing monitoring device Buzi 2' and a remote data receiving ship 3. The following functions are performed for three parts. 1. The flushing monitoring device 1 This part mainly includes - detecting rod u, more Referring to FIG. 1 and FIG. 4, the detecting rod 11 of the present embodiment is a stainless steel tube, and the length of the stainless steel tube is unique depending on the depth requirement for monitoring. Considering Weng's job, you can take 6 public-private. If you need to increase the monitoring depth, you can connect multiple unfair Guanli County units 14 in series. Referring to FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 , in the case of two stainless steel pipes to be connected in series, the bonding unit w used includes two bonding ring pieces ( 4 ) respectively welded to the U-shaped ends of the two stainless steel pipes, and a plurality of The second combined ring piece i4i locks the combined high tension bolt I42. The piezoelectric sheet U is fixed to the detecting rod u at intervals in the longitudinal direction, and the spacing of the skirting can be adjusted as needed. Here, the detecting pitch is 25 cm, and the detecting rod is 6 meters, and a total of 24 (four) electric sheets 12 are installed. . During the installation, the wires 12 connected to the piezoelectric sheets 12 are placed in the non-Korean steel tubes, and then the piezoelectric sheets 12 are placed on the Jiading tube by a plurality of mounting holes ιι〇❹ which are opened by the stainless steel tubes in the longitudinal direction. «Material_tube_silk mortar 112,α increases the stiffness of the steel pipe and protects the wire 120 〇Please also _ 1 fine 3, each - piezoelectric piece η size about 22 cm χΠ丨 cm, with - made of piezoelectric material And extending from the sensing end 121 of the surface of the gamma rod, and __ is connected to the sensing end 121 and includes an output end 122 of the positive and negative electric signal lines. The sensing terminal 121 generates a voltage under the force of deformation and transmits it through the output terminal 122. The surface of the sensing end 121 and the output end 122 of each piezoelectric piece 12 is provided with a waterproof layer (not shown), and the gap between the mounting hole 11 of the detecting rod and the corresponding piezoelectric piece 12 is waterproof. deal with. Referring to FIG. 2', the data extractor 13 of the present embodiment, that is, the load of the piezoelectric sheets 12, 201040357 is connected and outputted at the output end 122 (see FIG. 3) below the flap mounting plate of the present embodiment. , (4) - the value of the wire 120 and the 6 Hai 4 piezoelectric piece 12, and the voltage of the material of the piezoelectric layer 12 of the piezoelectric film 12. The voltage value is recorded as the voltage data of the piezoelectric sheet 12 according to the time series. 2. The data transmitting device 2 is as shown in FIG. 2, and the data is sent to the data grabber 13 to connect with the data grabber 13. The data is transmitted to the remote feeding section using a wired network or a 3.5G mobile wireless network. In this embodiment, the jiajia and the digital tumbling device 13 are installed together under the bridge deck; the monitoring box 20 next to the main beam is used for protection and theft prevention function. 3. The remote data receiving and feeding device 3 is shown in FIG. 2 As shown, the data receiving and feeding device 3 is a host with data analysis, receives the data transmitted from the field and automatically analyzes the voltage signal _ time relationship diagram of the instant piezoelectric pieces and then displays them by the display screen. As a judgment of the flushing depth. Referring to Fig. 7, Fig. 8, and Fig. 10', the construction method of the present invention applied to a bridge foundation 4 will be described below. The related construction shows that the construction environment is in the dry season or the new stage of the bridge, so the water surface is not indicated. It is necessary to measure the possible scouring depth of a bridge foundation 4 about 10 meters. The application situation and the use of the components and the construction method are as follows (the dimensions used are for illustrative purposes, and the actual application can be adjusted according to the requirements): A. Components Name and use S is called the use of the flushing monitoring device 1, as shown in Fig. 1, the voltage signal combining unit 14 of each of the elevated piezoelectric sheets, including the two combined ring pieces 141, a plurality of bolts 142, as shown in Figs. 5 and 6 Combined to increase monitoring depth. The adjacent end fixing unit 15 is fixed to the adjacent stainless steel tube by a ring piece welding, and includes a fixing collar 151 and a plurality of expansion bolts 152, as shown in FIG. 9 - the detecting rod 11 of the fixed flushing monitoring device 1 is Beam foundation. The fixing collar 151 is pre-welded and fixed on the stainless steel pipe. B. Construction sequence 201040357 Steps Notes 1 The stainless steel pipe bolts to be combined will be joined and fixed together with the ring plates, as shown in Figure 6. The bolts must be securely fixed to avoid loosening. The excavation creates an excavation pit 50 to expose the bridge foundation 4 to about 1.5 meters. This excavation pit is used to install a fixed collar on the bridge foundation 4. 3 Full-casing drilling is used, and drilling is started next to the foundation of Deliang. The hole depth is 10 meters (calculated from the top of the foundation), and the hole diameter is about 0-3 meters. As shown in Figure 7, the embedding process is smooth. Influenced by the collapse of the earth after the iron hole: At the same time, it is also possible to avoid the scouring monitoring in the embedding process and damage the piezoelectric piece, so the protective casing is drilled at the same time as the drilling. 4 Place the detection rod 11 in the drilled deep hole of 10 meters. The bolt holes on the marking retaining ring (Fig. 9) are located on the bridge foundation. The markings in Figure 8 must be accurate to facilitate drilling and installation work. 5 After drilling the hole at the target s, embed the expansion bolt, refer to Figure 8 using the casing expansion bolt, and install it on the concrete knot; ^ 6 7 After correcting the bolt hole of the solid collar, first make the money hole The protective sleeve 51 used is extracted, and the detecting rod 11 is fixed on the bridge foundation, and the nut is locked and fixed with reference to the bolts of FIG. 8 and then the wire 120 is pulled out of the ground and the river bed is backfilled to the original elevation, as shown in FIG. 9 . All piezoelectric sheets and wires must be inspected for good operation before the next step of 3 lines of filling work. Check that the piezoelectric piece is working properly~ until the filling operation is completed. 8 Finally, connect the wire 120 to In the bridge panel measuring box 20, after the test system is in normal operation, the monitoring box 20 can be completed as a box for protecting the data extractor 13 and the data transmitting device 2, and has an anti-theft function. ※Remarks. Figures 7, 8 and 1 The mechanization of the caisson is taken as an example to illustrate that there is no limitation on the basic type in the actual application. As shown in FIG. 11 , the following example illustrates a method of simulating a river bed in a laboratory to illustrate that the piezoelectric sheet 12 can be fixed to the thin rod in the longitudinal direction. Each piezoelectric piece 12 respectively The wires (not shown in Figure 11) are connected to a signal channel, with the upper and lower bribes numbered as (:}11<^8, and the interdigitated piezoelectric (channel) spacing is 5 cm. The sidebar U is placed in the raft bed. In 5, the 07^ bed sand towel 'Ch34 is placed on the water towel' and the rest is exposed to the Wei towel. According to the pressure f principle, when the sensing end 121 of the piezoelectric piece 12 is deformed by the water flow in the water, a voltage will be generated. The sensing end 121 of the piezoelectric piece 12 embedded in the middle is not fixed due to the fixed voltage. Please cooperate with the reference 12, and measure the county side track (piezoelectric piece) on the data operation device (not shown in Figure n). The voltage signal is briefly introduced: 9 201040357 I. Lai voltage signal (Fig. 12-A), the initial phase Chl~3 voltage signal is stable and the starting value is very close to OmV' can determine CM] piezoelectric sheet 12 It is in the air; it has a fixed voltage output, so it can be judged to be in the water; the Ch7~8 signal is also quite stable 'the initial value is greater than OmV' and it is judged as the soil pressure, because the scale is judged ^^8 pressure The electric film 12 is buried in the soil. The interpretation of the above voltage signal is consistent with the experimental setting. After 15 seconds, the Ch3 signal is disturbed and begins to increase. It is judged that the water level rises and contacts the CM piezoelectric sheet 12 to generate a wobble. This characteristic indicates that the piezoelectric sheet is washed ▲ and the device 1 can record the elevation of the water level. In this interval, Ch7 The ~8 signal remains steady, indicating that the Ch7~8 piezoelectric piece 12 is still buried in the sand. Third, the B12-C can be abrupt (4) Ch7 - there is no disturbance at first, but after 250 seconds, the signal starts to be disturbed. It can be inferred that the sand is hollowed out due to the flushing of the water, so the Ch7 piezoelectric sheet 12 begins to be oscillated by the water flow, so the scouring depth can be estimated to be about 5 cm. The Ch8 has no disturbing voltage signal and presents a nearly linear state. It can be discriminated that the CH8 piezoelectric sheet 12 is still buried in the sand. 4. The time is about 530 seconds to spray as shown in Figure 12_D). Ch7 is not disturbed by calmness. It can be inferred that the sand is back to the position of π of the Ch7 piezoelectric piece, which is consistent with the experimental soil test. By 590 seconds, Ch7 again caused a disturbing signal due to scouring. I, comprehensive = on it four points to replace the channel number with the number to indicate the actual sand layer height, that is, the initial stage of the soil layer rain is 14 cm, the water level is 1 cm, after 15 seconds, the water level rises to 15 cm, 2 If the second is washed 5 cm later, the remaining 9 cm of the sand layer, the sand returns to 5 cm at 53 seconds, and the depth of the brush reaches 5 cm again. From this experiment, it can be understood that the dynamics of the eight piezoelectric sheets 12 are based on the arrangement positions of the piezoelectric sheets, and the intersection position of the water and the riverbed sand, that is, the elevation of the riverbed can be inferred. After a period of monitoring, you can understand the changes in the riverbed elevation. In the above, the principle of voltage change can be generated when the piezoelectric sheet is oscillated and deformed, and the scouring depth of the hydraulic knot can be measured through the appropriate arrangement, for example, the riverbed scouring depth of the bridge foundation described in the embodiment. 'Through this to observe the riverbed elevation immediately; and because the piezoelectric sheet's non-consumption, flexible, sensitive and other features such as 201040357 'can withstand the wind and day exposure and flood erosion, it is very suitable for promotion as a bridge foundation water I structure scouring situation Observed for use to ensure structural safety. 3. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a view showing a preferred embodiment of a flushing monitoring device for applying a piezoelectric sheet according to the present invention. FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a preferred embodiment of a flushing monitoring system using the piezoelectric sheet of the present invention. . Figure 3 is a schematic illustration of a piezoelectric sheet in the preferred embodiment. Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of the primary measuring rod of the preferred embodiment. 5 and 6 are exploded and combined views of the coupling unit of the preferred embodiment. Ο Figures 7, 8 and 10 are schematic views of the construction of the preferred embodiment. Figure 9 is an exploded perspective view of the fixing unit of the preferred embodiment. Figure 11 is a diagram showing the arrangement of the laboratory model to simulate flushing. Figure 12 is a representation of each of the scouring monitoring devices of Figure U. 201040357 [Explanation of main component symbols] 100............... Scouring monitoring system 1................... Scouring monitoring device 11 .................Detection rod 110...............Installation hole 112........... ....cement mortar 12 .................piezoelectric sheet 120 ...............wire 121 ..... ..........inductive end 122 ...............output 13 .................data撷The picker 14 .................bining unit 141 .......... combined with the ring piece 142 ........ .......Bolt 15 .................Fixed unit 151 ...............Fixed collar 152 .. .............Bolt 2 ...................Data Transmitting Device 20............ .....Monitoring box 3........................data receiving 祠月民器4 ................ ...bridge foundation 50.................excavation pit................. protective sleeve f 51