201036934 六、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係有關於一種製造一建築材料的方法，尤指一 種製造陶瓷面磚的方法；以及以所揭示方法製備而成的建 築材料。 【先前技術】 0 台灣自民國96年起，除偏遠地區外，生垃圾將不 再送進掩埋場掩埋，而是需予以焚化或進行其他適當的 中間處理，因此產生大量焚化底潰。而工業廢棄物焚化 底渣（industrial waste incinerator bottom ash)較都市垃 圾焚化底渣含有更高量的重金屬，因此並不適宜直接掩 埋。故，業界與政府一直在思索如何能有效地處理或再 利用這些可能有害的焚化底渣。 過去也有許多關於這些工業廢棄物焚化物（如，高 ❹ 爐爐石（blast furnace slag)、飛灰（fly ash)、污泥灰 (sewage sludge ash)等）的研究，但多半專注於如何使其 固化或玻璃化，藉此使得其中的有毒成分不會在掩埋後 釋出，但並非著眼於再利用。 本申請案則是著眼於工業廢棄物焚化底渣的再利 用，因工業廢棄物焚化底渣中含有Si02、Al203及Fe203 等成分，恰恰為一般建築材料（特別是陶瓷面磚燒結體) 的成分，故較都市垃圾廢棄物焚化爐所產之底渣更適合 做為建築材料用之替代材料。而且，目前市場上處理工 業廢棄物焚化底渣的價格約為1,800元/噸，委託掩埋 4 201036934 仏袼尚昂；若能以燒結固化將其中可能有害的重金屬包 覆於内’製成可再利用的建築材料，將可兼具環保及經 濟二大優點。 本案發明人發現可以工業廢棄物焚化底渣取代部 分黏土來製造建築材料，特別是陶Ε面碑，進而開發出 可將工業廢棄物焚化底渣再利用的技術。發明人發現， =業廢棄物焚化底渣除了可以當作填充劑，加強所燒製 Ο 〇 $之陶瓷面碑硬度外’更可減少燒製面磚時的黏土用 1。當以30 %之工業廢棄物焚化錢取代黏土，並以 =燒製成之面碑與目前市面常見尺寸之面磚做經濟分 現以卫業廢棄物焚化底渣取代黏土來燒製 可即省30-50 %之成本。 【發明内容】 2明係設計絲解決上述的問題。因此 ，-目的係提供-種製造—建築材料的方法，以及】 揭不方法製備而成的建築材料。 斤 以下將詳述本發明之其他目的與 明之較佳實施例得到更清楚的瞭:、曰、’ 發 獨地或組合地使用記載於並: 而理解本發明之目的與優點。圍中之手段 為達上述目的’提供一種掣一 包括蔣孝(丄Ar 、k建築材料的方法， 匕括將一黏土與一工業廢棄物焚化 9. 1至6: 4的比例混合；在1〇 一重里比約 牡川-l5〇kgf/cm2的壓力下， 5 201036934 • 將該混合物模製成多個粗產物；及對該些粗產物實 熱處理，以製成該建築材料。 座物實施一 較佳地，該熱處理是指以5〜2(rc/分鐘 度，在9_至120(TC的溫度下燒結約〇 5_6小時皿速 =佳地，該X業廢棄物焚化底渣是指平均粒 20〜105 μιη的底潰。 你 較佳地，該建築材料是瓦片、㈣面磚或紅碑，且 〇二形狀可為正方形、矩形、圓形、三角形、多邊形 形。 更· ，據本發明另-態樣，提供—種依據上述方法所製 :而成之㈣材料，該些建騎料是則包含以下步驟 ，方法所製備而成:將黏土與卫業廢棄物焚化底 二比約L3的比例混合，在5Qkgf/em2的壓訂 成形，並在5°C/分鐘的斗、、®、*»*：，“ 十、表 燒製至少6小時而成。：;製;:：。。。的溫度下 4| ^1Λ 所燒製成的建築材料孔隙在約 © ’至約1()μΐη間’硬度在約3GPU 7Gpa間。 【實施方式】 下文中，將配合附圖詳細說明本發 :。在敘述前’應瞭解在說明書及後附之申請 =用料純解釋纽财—般及字典 二了最佳釋明而允許發明人適當地定義用：之原 j 對應本發明之技術觀點的意義與觀念而為解 ^因此，於此所提之敘述是僅為說明之目的之一較佳 Λ細例’並非意圖限制本發明的範籌，所以應瞭解在不 6 201036934 專意義 脫離本發明之精神及範疇下，對本發明為其他均 及修改是可能的。 依據一例示的實施方式，將黏土與工業廢棄物焚化 底渣依比例混合，以供後續燒製成不會有有害物質渙出 且機械強度與一般建築材料相當之環保建築材料，^此 達成工業廢棄物焚化底渣減容、減量以及產品「安定 化」、「無害化」的目地。 〇 ^此’依據本揭示内容所燒製而成的環保建築材料， 不僅產品品質(尤指機械強度、硬度等物理性質)盥一般 非回收材料製成的建築材料相當外，也不會有有毒 溶出’同時因係使用卫業廢棄物焚化錢製成，故除了 可有效地減少工業廢棄物容量外，其價格也較一般建築 材料來得低廉，至少可節省30-50%之成本。 ’、 =:例示的實施方式，將黏土與工業廢棄物焚化 v f/ 2 ^ ^ 至6 . 4的比例混合，在1〇15〇 ❹對V:粗產V施一將 熟處理，以製成該建築材料。 在此所述之點土為— 物焚化底㈣取自東•，至於工業廢棄 據經濟部工業局，所;「工業m業廢棄物焚化爐。依 央主管機關屬經濟部：孝月”是指『事業之中 稱之為工業廢棄C產生的事業廢棄物 源化』，經濟部情勢t致4工ί廢棄物之回收與資 年)。因此，原則，第八卷第二期， 底逢為各類事業事奪本::：容所指的工業廢棄物焚化 棄物鎚焚化爐燃燒後，累積在爐底的 201036934 剩餘灰燼物質（不包括飛灰），經過以網目為1〇 mm2的 篩子粗篩、球磨後，再以2〇〇號網篩篩分後，平均粒徑 在20〜105 μιη的物質。201036934 VI. Description of the Invention: [Technical Field of the Invention] The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a building material, and more particularly to a method of manufacturing a ceramic tile; and a building material prepared by the disclosed method. [Prior Art] 0 Since the Republic of China in 1996, except for remote areas, raw garbage will not be sent to landfills for burial, but will need to be incinerated or other appropriate intermediate treatments, resulting in a large number of incinerations. The industrial waste incinerator bottom ash contains a higher amount of heavy metals than the municipal waste incineration bottom slag and is therefore not suitable for direct burial. Therefore, the industry and the government have been thinking about how to effectively treat or reuse these potentially harmful incineration bottoms. In the past, there have been many studies on these industrial waste incinerations (eg, blast furnace slag, fly ash, sewage sludge ash, etc.), but most of them focus on how to make It is cured or vitrified, so that the toxic components therein are not released after being buried, but are not intended to be reused. This application is focused on the reuse of industrial waste incineration bottom slag. The industrial waste incineration bottom slag contains components such as SiO 2 , Al 203 and Fe 203, which are components of general building materials (especially ceramic tile sintered bodies). Therefore, the bottom slag produced by the municipal waste incinerator is more suitable as an alternative material for building materials. Moreover, the current price of industrial waste incineration bottom slag is about 1,800 yuan / ton, and it is commissioned to bury 4 201036934 仏袼 昂 昂; if it can be cured by sintering, it can be coated with heavy metals that may be harmful. The building materials used will have both environmental and economic advantages. The inventor of the present invention discovered that industrial waste incineration bottom slag can be used to replace part of clay to manufacture building materials, especially ceramic enamel, and to develop a technology that can reuse industrial waste incineration bottom slag. The inventors have found that = in the case of industrial waste incineration bottom slag, in addition to being used as a filler, the hardness of the ceramic enamel of the fired Ο 〇 can be increased to reduce the clay used for firing the tile. When 30% of the industrial waste incineration money is used to replace the clay, and the surface monument made of = burned and the current common size of the market face tiles are economically distributed, and the industrial waste incineration bottom slag is used instead of clay to burn. -50% of the cost. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 2 Ming design silk solves the above problems. Therefore, the purpose is to provide a method of manufacturing-building materials, and a building material prepared by the method. The other objects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the invention. The means of encircling the purpose of providing a kind of method including the construction of materials by Jiang Xiao (丄Ar, k), including mixing a clay with an industrial waste incinerated in a ratio of 9. 1 to 6: 4; 〇一重里约约米川-l5〇kgf/cm2 under pressure, 5 201036934 • The mixture is molded into a plurality of crude products; and the crude products are heat treated to form the building material. Preferably, the heat treatment means 5 to 2 (rc/min, sintering at a temperature of -9 to 120 (the temperature of TC is about 5-6 hours) = preferably, the X industry waste incinerated bottom slag means The average grain is 20~105 μηη. You preferably, the building material is a tile, a (four) tile or a red monument, and the shape of the file may be square, rectangular, circular, triangular, or polygonal. According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a material obtained by the above method: (4) materials, wherein the building materials comprise the following steps: the method is prepared by: injecting clay with the waste of industrial waste Mixing ratio of about L3, forming at 5Qkgf/em2, and at 5°C/min bucket,® , *»*:, "Ten, the table is fired for at least 6 hours.:; system;::... at a temperature of 4| ^1Λ The porosity of the building material produced is about © ' to about 1 ( The hardness between μΐη is between about 3 GPU and 7 Gpa. [Embodiment] Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings: Before the description, it should be understood that the application in the specification and the attached application is purely explained. And the dictionary has the best explanation and allows the inventor to properly define the use of: the original j corresponds to the meaning and concept of the technical point of view of the present invention. Therefore, the description herein is for illustrative purposes only. The present invention is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and it is to be understood that the invention may be modified and modified without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The clay is mixed with the industrial waste incineration bottom slag in proportion for subsequent burning into environmentally friendly building materials that do not have harmful substances and have mechanical strength equivalent to that of general building materials, thus achieving industrial waste incineration bottom slag reduction Capacity, reduction and product "Environmentalization" and "harmlessness". 〇^This 'environmental building materials fired according to the present disclosure are not only product quality (especially physical properties such as mechanical strength and hardness), but also generally non-recycled materials. The building materials are quite large, and there will be no toxic dissolution. At the same time, because it is made of wastes from the waste of industrial waste, in addition to effectively reducing the capacity of industrial waste, its price is lower than that of general building materials, at least Can save 30-50% of the cost. ', =: Illustrative embodiment, mixing clay with industrial waste incineration vf / 2 ^ ^ to 6.4 ratio, at 1 〇 15 〇❹ V: crude production V The first one will be cooked to make the building material. The point mentioned here is that the incineration base (4) is taken from the east, and the industrial waste is according to the Industrial Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs; "Industrial m industry waste incinerator. The central authority is the Ministry of Economic Affairs: Xiaoyue" It refers to the “source of industrial waste generated by industrial waste C in the business”, and the situation of the Ministry of Economic Affairs has resulted in the recycling and capitalization of waste. Therefore, the principle, the second volume of the eighth volume, at the end of the business for all kinds of business::: refers to the industrial waste incineration waste hammer incinerator after burning, accumulated in the bottom of the 201036934 remaining ash material (not Including fly ash, after passing through a sieve with a mesh of 1 〇mm2, after ball milling, and then sieving with a 2 网 mesh sieve, the average particle size is 20~105 μηη.
合比例約為7: 3。將依比例混合後的混合物，在1〇15〇 n的壓力下，模製成多個粗產物。此壓力較佳是 、20、30、40、50、60、70 ' 80、90、1〇〇、11〇、 130、140或150 kgf/cm2。在一實例中，模製成形 kgf/cm 約10、 120、1 的壓力約為50 kgf/cm2。所壓製成的這些粗產物形狀及 大小，可視最終應用來調整。以形狀來說，可以是正方 升:矩形、圓形、二角形、多邊形、菱形或任何適當的 形狀。接著，對這些粗產物實施熱處理，以將其燒製成 欲求的建築#料。在此所指的熱處理是指將該些粗產物 放入電窯、瓦斯窯、材窯等高溫爐中，以5〜2(TC/分鐘 的升溫速度，於900t：i 12〇(rc的溫度下進行燒結約 ❹ 〇.5_6小時。此升溫速度可為5、6、7、8、9、10、U、 12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19 或 20口分鐘。在-實例中，這些粗產物是在^⑻它的溫度下，以5。〇/分 鐘的升溫速度下於120(rc的溫度下燒製6小時’待冷 卻至室溫後，即可獲得欲求的建築材料。在燒結過程 中，高溫爐中可為供氧或厭氧狀態。 依據所揭示方法燒製而成的該些建築材料，JL性質 與一般非时材料製成的建築材料相當，其孔隙i小約 在4μιη至約10叫間，硬度在約3GPa至7(^間，磨 201036934 耗量更在0.0198-0.0002 g之間，遠低於台灣中央標準 局（CNS 3299)對於未施釉陶瓷面磚之規定的0.1 g。此 外，毒性特性溶出試驗（Toxicity characteristic leaching procedure，TCLP)及原子吸收光譜分析（Flame Atomic Absorption Analysis，FLAA)，也確認以工業廢棄物焚化 底渣取代部分黏土所燒製成的建築材料不會有諸如 如，重金屬之類的有毒物質溶出。因此，在產業上適合 用來製造各式回收或環保建築材料。 可利用本揭示内容之方法進行燒製的建築材料包 括瓦片、陶瓷面磚或紅磚。在一實例中，依據本揭示内 容方法所燒製而成的建築材料為陶瓷面碑。 下文中，將經由實施例詳細敘述本發明。然而，本 發明並不限於實驗例’而且在後附的申請專利範圍之範 缚内可以實施各種的實施例。 實施例燒製陶瓷面磚 本試驗中所用黏土為一般市售黏土，工業廢棄物.焚 化底漬取自東部某工業區之工業廢棄物焚化爐。表1 示出工業廢棄物焚化底渣與市售黏土之化學成分配比。 表1 成分(％) 黏土 工業廢棄物焚化底渣The ratio is approximately 7:3. The mixture after mixing in proportion was molded into a plurality of crude products under a pressure of 1 〇 15 〇 n. The pressure is preferably 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70 '80, 90, 1 〇〇, 11 〇, 130, 140 or 150 kgf/cm2. In one example, the molded form of kgf/cm has a pressure of about 10, 120, 1 of about 50 kgf/cm2. The shape and size of these crude products that are pressed can be adjusted depending on the final application. In terms of shape, it can be square: rectangular, circular, polygonal, polygonal, diamond or any suitable shape. Next, these crude products are subjected to heat treatment to be fired into the desired building material. The heat treatment referred to herein means that the crude products are placed in a high temperature furnace such as an electric kiln, a gas kiln or a kiln, at a temperature of 5 to 2 (TC/min, at a temperature of 900 t: i 12 〇 (rc) Sintering is carried out for about 5 _ 6 hours. The rate of temperature rise can be 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, U, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 or 20 minutes. - In the example, these crude products are obtained at a temperature of (8) at a temperature of 5. 〇 / min at a temperature of 120 (fired at rc for 6 hours) to be cooled to room temperature. Building materials. In the sintering process, the high temperature furnace may be in an oxygen supply or an anaerobic state. The building materials fired according to the disclosed method have JL properties comparable to those of general non-time materials. i is about 4μιηη to about 10 ,, hardness is about 3GPa to 7 (^, grinding 201036934 consumption is more than 0.0198-0.0002 g, far lower than Taiwan Central Bureau of Standards (CNS 3299) for unglazed ceramic tiles 0.1 g of the specified. In addition, the Toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) and atomic absorption Spectral analysis (Flame Atomic Absorption Analysis, FLAA) also confirms that building materials made by replacing some of the clay with industrial waste incineration bottoms do not have toxic substances such as heavy metals. Therefore, it is industrially suitable. Used to manufacture a variety of recycled or environmentally friendly building materials. Building materials that can be fired using the methods of the present disclosure include tiles, ceramic tiles, or red bricks. In one example, fired according to the methods of the present disclosure. The construction material is a ceramic monument. Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail by way of examples. However, the invention is not limited to the experimental examples and various embodiments may be practiced within the scope of the appended claims. Boiled ceramic tiles The clay used in this test is generally commercially available clay, industrial waste. Incineration bottoms are taken from industrial waste incinerators in an industrial area in the east. Table 1 shows industrial waste incineration bottoms and commercially available clay. Chemical composition ratio. Table 1 Composition (%) Clay industrial waste incineration bottom slag
Si02 (%) AI2O3 (%) Fe203 (%) CaO (%) MgO (%) 61.5 15.84 6.11 0.36 1.31 39.74 4.52 19.57 7.03 1.73 201036934 S〇3 (%) 0.02 0.01 Na20 (%) 2.27 K20 (%) 2.73 0.69 P2〇5 (%) 0.64* Ti02 (%) — 0.25* Cl· (%) … 1.24SiO2 (%) CaO (%) MgO (%) 65% 15.1 6.11 0.36 1.31 39.74 4.52 19.57 7.03 1.73 201036934 S〇3 (%) 0.02 0.01 Na20 (%) 2.27 K20 (%) 2.73 0.69 P2〇5 (%) 0.64* Ti02 (%) — 0.25* Cl· (%) ... 1.24
* Detected by ICP-AES ** Detected by EDS 首先，將工業廢棄物焚化底渣在105 °C下烘乾24小 時，接著以網目大小為10 Him2之篩網粗篩去除大型物質 後，以球磨機研磨48小時，並繼續以200號篩篩分。 ® 以不同重量比例將黏土與工業廢棄物焚化底渣充分 混合均勻，包括 100 :〇、9:1、8:2、7:3 及 6:4， 在50 kgf/cm2壓力下，將20克材料加壓製作成40 mm(L)x40 mm(w)x6 mm(H)之樣品。自然陰乾後，以5 °C/min之升溫速率加熱燒結，燒結溫度為900°C、 1000°C、ll〇〇°C及1200 °C等四種溫度，燒結停留時間皆 為6小時，並於爐内自然冷卻至室溫，可獲得陶磁面磚。 接著，測試所燒製成之陶磁面磚的各種性質，包括孔隙 Ο 率、吸水率、抗折強度及硬度，結果分別示於第1〜4圖； 並以傅氏轉換紅外光譜（Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, FTIR)儀分析所燒製成之陶磁面磚的鍵 結，結果示於第5圖中；並以掃描式電子顯微鏡來觀察 所燒製成陶磁面磚的結構，結果示於第6圖的照片中。 第1圖為在不同溫度下，分別以重量比例為0%、 10%、20%、30%及40%的工業廢棄物焚化底渣來取代黏 土後所燒製而成之陶磁面蹲的孔隙率分析。由圖中可 知，以工業廢棄物焚化底渣取代之純黏土陶磁面磚之孔 10 201036934 Γ; ί二t者燒結溫度升高而下降’ * 900 °c時之 ^00^.^^ 22.08±,48〇/〇〇 日ΐ由第f二S…絲代料黏土來燒㈣磁面碑 中可見，隨底渣之取代量增加，在1200 t: 22ί^Γΐ4δ /°以下之黏土陶磁面磚孔隙率由純黏土之 1^48%降低至取代3〇%時之4 73±〇 37%，此主要 ::工業廢棄物焚化底邊含大量的％〇3(19·57 %)，而* Detected by ICP-AES ** Detected by EDS First, the industrial waste incineration bottom slag is dried at 105 °C for 24 hours, then coarsely sieved with a mesh size of 10 Him2 to remove large substances, and then ground by a ball mill. 48 hours and continue to sieve through the No. 200 sieve. ® Mix the clay with industrial waste incineration bottoms in different weight ratios, including 100: 〇, 9:1, 8:2, 7:3 and 6:4, at 50 kgf/cm2, 20 g The material was pressed into a sample of 40 mm (L) x 40 mm (w) x 6 mm (H). After being dried naturally, it is heated and sintered at a heating rate of 5 °C/min. The sintering temperature is 900 ° C, 1000 ° C, ll ° ° C and 1200 ° C, and the sintering residence time is 6 hours. The ceramic tile is obtained by naturally cooling to room temperature in the furnace. Next, various properties of the ceramic tile produced by the test, including pore porosity, water absorption, flexural strength and hardness, are shown in Figures 1 to 4; and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy The FTIR instrument was used to analyze the bond of the ceramic tile produced by the FTIR. The results are shown in Fig. 5. The structure of the ceramic tile was observed by a scanning electron microscope. The results are shown in the photograph of Fig. 6. . The first picture shows the pores of the ceramic surface crucible fired by replacing the clay with industrial waste incineration bottoms at 0%, 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% by weight at different temperatures. Rate analysis. As can be seen from the figure, the hole of the pure clay ceramic tile replaced by industrial waste incineration bottom slag 10 201036934 Γ; 二 two t of the sintering temperature rises and drops ' * 900 ° C ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ 22.08 ±, 48〇/〇〇日ΐ is burned by the f-second S... silk substitute clay. (4) The magnetic surface monument can be seen. With the substitution of the bottom slag, the porosity of the clay ceramic tile at 1200 t: 22ί^Γΐ4δ /° is increased. It is reduced from 1^48% of pure clay to 4 73±〇37% when it replaces 3〇%. This main:: The bottom edge of industrial waste incineration contains a large amount of %〇3 (19.57 %), and
Ο 熔效果，故燒結體内之si〇2形成黏滯流燒結 體之孔= 。但在取代量4(>%時，陶磁面磚燒結 華物提Μ 12·6()±3·79 % ’此主要是因工業廢 f物1化絲内之重金屬造缝結卿由原本的晶格擴 政、晶界擴散及黏滞流燒結機制轉變為令燒結粉體粗化 的表面擴散以及蒸發-沉降機制。 第2圖為所燒結之陶磁面磚燒結體的吸水率測試。 由圖中可見陶磁面碑燒結體之吸水率因孔隙減小而隨之 降低。 另外，採用二點抗折測試來測試所燒製之陶磁面磚 燒結體的抗折強度，結果如第3圖所示。由圖中可見， 燒結體之抗折強度受燒結溫度影響甚大，純黏土燒結體 由9〇γ。〇燒結之49.32±2.62 kg/cm2隨燒結溫度提^至 1200 t時為146,85±19.21kg/cm2。經工業廢棄物焚化底 渣=代部分黏土後之陶磁面碑，因燒結體内之矽酸鹽含 量提高，故其抗折程度有些許下降趨勢，在12〇〇它燒 結溫度下’由純黏土之146.85±19.21 kg/cm2降至取代量 40%時的89,83±19.13 1<;名/。1112。 11 201036934 第4圖示出陶磁面磚燒結體之硬度。由圖中可知， 純黏土之硬度由3.18±0.89 GPa隨燒結溫度升高至12〇〇 C時為5.3 8±0.97 GPa。此即由於燒結體緻密化所造成之 機械性質提升。經工業廢棄物焚化底渣取代後之陶磁面 磚在1200 °C燒結6小時後，由於燒結體孔隙減小使得燒 結體更為緻岔化，燒結體硬度由5·38±0.97 GPa提高到取 代量20 %時6.91^.09(31^，但取代量提高後（3〇 %盥4〇Ο The melting effect, so the si〇2 in the sintered body forms the pores of the viscous flow sintered body = . However, when the amount of substitution 4 (>%, the ceramic tile is sintered by the Chinese material, 12·6()±3·79 %' is mainly due to the heavy metal cracking in the industrial waste material. The lattice expansion, grain boundary diffusion and viscous flow sintering mechanism are transformed into surface diffusion and evaporation-sedimentation mechanism for coarsening of sintered powder. Fig. 2 is the water absorption test of the sintered ceramic tile body. It can be seen that the water absorption rate of the sintered body of the ceramic magnetized monument is reduced by the decrease of the pores. In addition, the two-point flexural test is used to test the flexural strength of the fired ceramic tile sintered body, and the result is shown in Fig. 3. It can be seen that the flexural strength of the sintered body is greatly affected by the sintering temperature. The sintered body of pure clay is composed of 9〇γ. The sintered 49.32±2.62 kg/cm2 is 146,85±19.21kg when the sintering temperature is raised to 1200 t. /cm2. After the industrial waste incineration bottom slag = the part of the clay after the ceramic magnetic monument, due to the increase in the content of citrate in the sintered body, the degree of flexion has a slight downward trend, at 12 〇〇 its sintering temperature' From 146.85±19.21 kg/cm2 of pure clay to 89,83±19.13 1& when the substitution amount is 40% Lt;;Name/.1112. 11 201036934 Figure 4 shows the hardness of the sintered body of ceramic tile. As can be seen from the figure, the hardness of pure clay increases from 3.18±0.89 GPa with the sintering temperature to 5.3 8 at 12 °C. ±0.97 GPa. This is due to the improvement of the mechanical properties caused by the densification of the sintered body. After the ceramic surface brick replaced by the industrial waste incineration bottom slag is sintered at 1200 °C for 6 hours, the sintered body is more reduced due to the reduction of the porosity of the sintered body. Deuteration, the hardness of the sintered body is increased from 5.38±0.97 GPa to 6.91^.09 when the substitution amount is 20% (31^, but after the substitution amount is increased (3〇%盥4〇)
〇 %)，燒結體内部形成内孔隙，造成環保地磚之硬度略微 降低至 6.29±1.73 GPa。 第5圖示出以FTIw光光譜儀分析所燒製之陶磁 面磚之鍵結。时可見為以卫#廢棄物焚化録取代之 1105 ^ Sl_〇—Sl鍵結，在66? ^位置所出現 相中梦酸鹽類所形成之吨2·之鍵結，另在8lGem·!波 現中=中C—0之非對稱鍵結，此為黏土中 Ca與大軋中C〇2作用所形成之caC〇3所造 %工業廢棄物底錄代之_面磚於1454em.i波數位置 Ϊ現广縮聲’此為工業廢棄物焚化底渣中Ca2+與 二US成鍵結造成。當取代量超過30 %後，位 之重金屬進入系統，在高嶺二J廢棄，焚化底渣 壞形成玻璃相之Si〇2。 a中之叫鍵結被破 之陶磁面磚燒結體的田片電子來觀察12〇〇 t燒結 201036934 結。照片中可見純黏土（即，底渣取代量為〇%)之燒結體 在1200 °C燒結後，其燒結體内部仍呈現許多孔隙。而 含有工業廢棄物焚化底渣取代之陶磁面磚於燒結體内部 開始呈現玻璃化且有分層現象，其中以2〇%工業廢棄物 焚化底渣取代之陶磁面磚其孔隙降至約4μιη; 3〇%=及 40 %取代量之陶磁面磚，由於^〇2含量增高，出現内部 孔隙膨脹至約10 μιη，並有燒結粗化現象；而在4〇 %取 代量之陶磁面碑SEM照片上可見其孔隙週圍多為玻璃 〇化物質，且晶體則集中於中間，呈現—料鹽玻璃化物 質包覆晶體之現象’而此現象可有助於將工業廢棄物焚 化底渣之重金屬有效包覆於燒結體中。 如上所述，本發明之較佳實施例已經參照附圖而 詳細地敘述H應瞭解當中所表示為本發明之較 2施例者’其中詳細的敘述以及特定的實驗例僅為 二=目的而已’對本發明所屬技術領域中之技術人 内=14由以上詳細地說明’在本發明之範嘴與精神 内為各式變化與修改是顯而易見的。 【圖式簡單說明】 例处2本發明之上述和其他目的、特徵、優點與實施 幻月b更明顯易懂，所附圖式之說明如下： 面確圖為依據本發明—實施方式所燒製而成之陶磁 面磚燒結體之孔隙率圖； 13 201036934 第2圖為枢姑I & 面磚燒結體之吸二：明-實施方式所燒製而成之陶磁 面碑= -實施方式所燒製而成之陶磁 面磚本發明-實施方式所燒製而成之陶磁 Ο 面碑本鍵發::實施方式所燒製而成之陶磁 uir鍵結分析圖；及 第6圖為根據本發明—實施方式以不同比例之工業 务^、物火化底渣取代黏土所燒製而成之陶磁面磚士 ^ 之SEM照片。 、、'° m 【主要元件符號說明】 無〇 %), internal pores are formed inside the sintered body, causing the hardness of the environmentally friendly floor tile to slightly decrease to 6.29 ± 1.73 GPa. Fig. 5 shows the analysis of the bond of the fired ceramic tile by FTIw optical spectrometer. It can be seen that the 1105 ^ Sl_〇-Sl bond is replaced by the waste #incineration record, and the bond formed by the dream salt in the phase of 66? ^ is formed, and the other is in 8lGem·! The wave is in the middle = the asymmetric bond of C-0, which is the percentage of the industrial waste produced by caC〇3 formed by the action of Ca in the clay and the C〇2 in the large rolling. The brick is in 1454em.i wave The number of positions is now shrinking. This is caused by the bonding of Ca2+ and the two US in the industrial waste incineration bottom slag. When the substitution amount exceeds 30%, the heavy metal in the place enters the system, is discarded in Kaolin II, and the incinerated bottom slag is broken to form the glass phase of Si〇2. The field electrons in a sintered bond of the ceramic surface bricks in a is called the 12〇〇 t sintering 201036934. In the photograph, it is seen that the sintered body of pure clay (i.e., the amount of base residue substitution is 〇%) still has many pores inside the sintered body after sintering at 1200 °C. The ceramic tile containing the industrial waste incineration bottom slag is vitrified and stratified in the interior of the sintered body. The pores of the ceramic tile replaced by 2%% industrial waste incineration bottom slag are reduced to about 4μιη; %= and 40% substituted ceramic tile, due to the increased content of ^〇2, the internal pores expand to about 10 μηη, and there is sintering coarsening phenomenon; and the SEM photograph of the ceramic surface monument with 4〇% substitution is visible. Most of the pores are glass deuterated materials, and the crystals are concentrated in the middle, presenting the phenomenon that the material salt vitrification material covers the crystals. This phenomenon can help to effectively coat the heavy metals of industrial waste incineration bottom slag. In the body. As described above, the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it should be understood that the description of the present invention is intended to be the embodiment of the invention. It will be apparent that various changes and modifications may be made within the scope and spirit of the invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The above and other objects, features, advantages and embodiments of the present invention are more apparent and easy to understand. The description of the drawings is as follows: The surface is illustrated in accordance with the present invention. Porosity diagram of the sintered body of the ceramic tile; 13 201036934 Fig. 2 is the suction of the body of the sacred I & brick: the ceramic magnetic monument burned by the embodiment - the method is burned The ceramic magnetic tile produced by the present invention is a ceramic magnetic enamel which has been fired by the embodiment. The surface of the enamel bond is: the ceramic magnetic uir bond analysis image obtained by the embodiment; and the sixth figure is according to the present invention - The SEM photograph of the ceramic surface bricks fired by the different proportions of the work business ^, the material cremation bottom slag is replaced by the clay. ,, '° m [Description of main component symbols]
1414