201022786 六、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明是有關於一種顯示器，特別是指一種可以播放 視訊的可變視角的液晶顯示器及其背光模組。 【先前技術】 「液晶顯示器（LCD)」具有輕、薄、色澤豔麗…等特性 ，已逐漸取代傳統CRT顯示器，成為每一家庭生活中不可 或缺電子產品設備。由於液晶顯示器必須仰賴背光模組提 供所需的背光源，因此，雖然背光模組已採用省電、體積 小、壽命長的發光二極體（ED)取代冷陰極管（CCFL)做為光 源，惟’背光模组仍然是耗用能量的最大主因。 參閱圖1，以一般直下式的背光模組丨為例，主要包含 有用於擴散光線的一擴散片n、設置在該擴散片u後方的 數個光源12(發光二極體或冷陰極管），及設置在該擴散片 11前方且用於修正光線的數個稜鏡片13。由於直下式背光 模組1不需要導光板之微結構來破壞光線全反射現象，因 此，具有結構簡易，及高輝度、良好的出光視角、光利用 效率高…等優點，但是，該擴散片u在折射、反射與散射 光線的過程中，雖然可以達到光學的擴散效果，卻也糢糊 了光線，使光的指向性較差，因此必須用該等稜鏡片13來 修正光線的水平與垂直方向。 惟，跨國公司3M為稜鏡片13的全球獨家供應商，擁 有多項相關專利，且該等稜鏡片13佔該背光模組〗總成本 約3〜4成，導致該背光模組i成本無法有效降低。 201022786 再者，家庭中觀看顯示器的成 賞，但有時候只是獨自-人觀f，^ #時候是—群人觀 齄千哭、“ 覜頁而傳統可變視角的液晶 顯不器通常是為多人收看 惟，壹想. n十’所以背光源視角較廣， 准 备獨自一人觀看顯示器時，装音口發热〜 & ^ 砰其實八需要較窄的背光源 視角’就可以滿足觀看的需灰 成衣此時，其它視角的光線能 量就會形成浪費’而造成不必要的耗電能量。 【發明内容】 因此’本發明之目# ’即在提供—種可以達到節能省 電需求的可變視角的液晶顯示器。 本發明之另-目的’即在提供一種可以節省材料成本 的可變視角的液晶顯示器的背光模組。 於是，本發明的可變視角的液晶顯示器，包含一液晶 顯不模組、一背光模組，及一微透鏡陣列模組。該背光模 組是位於該液晶顯示模組一後方，用於供應該液晶顯示模 组所需的光源。該微透鏡陣列模組是與該背光模組作用產 生面光源，並具有可改變曲率的數個微透鏡，使面光源依 據前述曲率改變出光視角。 本發明背光模組是應用於一可變視角的液晶顯示器， 包含一擴散片、至少一發光元件，及一透鏡單元。該擴散 片是用於擴散光源。該發光元件是設置在該擴散片一後方 且相對該擴散片發散光源。該透鏡單元是設置在該擴散片 與該發光元件間’是用於導引光向產生平行光源進入該擴 散片。 本發明的功效是在滿足一人或多人觀看需求的情形下 201022786 ’適當的改變出光視角，調整耗用的光線能量，達到節省 能源的效果。 丰發明的另一功效是能以該透鏡單元取代一般稜鏡片 的功能，達到降低材料成本的目的。 【實施方式】 有關本發明之前述及其他技術内容、特點與功效，在 以下配合參考圖式之一個較佳實施例的詳細說明中，將可 清楚的呈現。201022786 VI. Description of the Invention: [Technical Field] The present invention relates to a display, and more particularly to a liquid crystal display having a variable viewing angle capable of playing video and a backlight module thereof. [Prior Art] "Liquid crystal display (LCD)" has the characteristics of lightness, thinness, bright color, etc., and has gradually replaced the traditional CRT display, becoming an indispensable electronic product device in every family life. Since the liquid crystal display must rely on the backlight module to provide the required backlight, the backlight module has replaced the cold cathode tube (CCFL) as a light source by using a power-saving, small-sized, long-life light-emitting diode (ED). However, the 'backlight module is still the biggest cause of energy consumption. Referring to FIG. 1 , a general direct type backlight module 丨 is taken as an example, and mainly includes a diffusion sheet n for diffusing light, and a plurality of light sources 12 (light emitting diodes or cold cathode tubes) disposed behind the diffusion sheet u. And a plurality of cymbals 13 disposed in front of the diffusion sheet 11 for correcting light. Since the direct type backlight module 1 does not require the microstructure of the light guide plate to destroy the total reflection of light, it has the advantages of simple structure, high luminance, good light-emitting viewing angle, high light utilization efficiency, etc., but the diffusion sheet u In the process of refracting, reflecting and scattering light, although the optical diffusion effect can be achieved, the light is blurred and the directivity of the light is poor. Therefore, the ridges 13 must be used to correct the horizontal and vertical directions of the light. However, multinational company 3M is the exclusive global supplier of 稜鏡片13, and has a number of related patents, and these slabs 13 account for about 3 to 40% of the total cost of the backlight module, resulting in the backlight module i cost cannot be effectively reduced. . 201022786 In addition, the family watched the display of the reward, but sometimes it was just alone - people view f, ^ # time is - group of people watching thousands of crying, "pages and traditional variable viewing angle LCD display is usually for Many people watch it, imagining. n ten' so the backlight has a wide angle of view. When you are ready to watch the monitor alone, the sound is hot~ & ^ 砰 In fact, the need for a narrower backlight perspective is enough to satisfy the viewing. In this case, the light energy of other viewing angles will be wasted, resulting in unnecessary power consumption. [Inventive content] Therefore, the object of the present invention can provide energy saving and power saving requirements. A liquid crystal display having a variable viewing angle. Another object of the present invention is to provide a backlight module of a variable viewing angle liquid crystal display capable of saving material cost. Thus, the variable viewing angle liquid crystal display of the present invention comprises a liquid crystal display. The module, a backlight module, and a microlens array module are disposed behind the liquid crystal display module for supplying a light source required for the liquid crystal display module. The microlens array module is configured to generate a surface light source with the backlight module, and has a plurality of microlenses that can change the curvature, so that the surface light source changes the light viewing angle according to the curvature. The backlight module of the present invention is applied to a variable viewing angle. The liquid crystal display comprises a diffusion sheet, at least one light-emitting element, and a lens unit. The diffusion sheet is used for diffusing the light source. The light-emitting element is disposed behind the diffusion sheet and diverges the light source relative to the diffusion sheet. The lens unit is Provided between the diffuser and the light-emitting element is used to guide light into a parallel light source to enter the diffuser. The effect of the present invention is to appropriately change the light viewing angle in the case of satisfying one or more people's viewing needs. The energy consumption of the light is adjusted to achieve the effect of saving energy. Another function of the invention is to replace the function of the general cymbal unit with the lens unit, thereby achieving the purpose of reducing the material cost. [Embodiment] The foregoing and other aspects of the present invention Technical content, features, and effects, in the following detailed description of a preferred embodiment of the reference drawings It will be clearly presented.
參閱圖2’本發明可變視角的液晶顯示器的一較佳實施 例包含一液晶顯示模組2、_背光模組3(如圖5)，及一微透 鏡陣列模組4。 該液晶顯示模組2具有相互層疊的一第一基板21、一 彩色渡光片22、一第一透明導電膜23、一液晶層24、一第 二透明導電膜25、一第二基板26,及一第一偏光片27。該 彩色渡光片22的每一個次晝素具有紅、綠、藍三個色點 221、222、223。 參閲圖5，該背光模組3是位於該液晶顯示模組2 —後 方’並具有用於擴散光線的一擴散片31、設置在該擴散片 31 後方且相對該擴散片發散光源的數發光元件32，及設 置在該擴散片31與該等發光元件32間的一透鏡單元33。 該等發光元件32在本較佳實施例分別為一發光二極體。該 透鏡單元33具有數量對應該等發光元件32且用於導引光 向產生平行光源進入該擴散片31的數第一透鏡331，及數 量對應該等第一透鏡331且用於導引光源進入該第一透鏡 201022786 331的數第二透鏡332。該第—透鏡33ι在本較佳實施例中 為一曲率半徑R=3mm的平凸透鏡。該第二透鏡332在本較 佳實施例中為一曲率半徑R=17mm的平凸透鏡，可與該發 光二極體(發光元件)封裝為一體，做為該發光二極體的燈罩 〇 參閲圖2 ’及圖3、圖4所示’該微透鏡陣列模組4是 與㈣晶顯示模組2的第—基板21疊合，並具有相互層疊 的二第三透明導電冑41、—親水層42、以微陣列方式對應 每一色點221、222、223形成在該親水層42上且可以改變 曲率的:微透鏡單元43,及一第二偏光片44。該微透鏡單 儿43是以曲率可變的微透鏡陣列技術達到改變曲率半徑的 目的，前述可變焦透鏡陣列技術之驅動方式可分成兩大類 .以改變薄膜或介面的曲率達到變焦的目的，或以改變材 料本身的特性達到變焦的目的。在本較佳實施例中，是參 考先前技術（S. Kuiper and Β· H. W. Hendriks, «Variable-focus liquid lens for miniature cameras,» Appl. phys. Lett., νο1·85’ ηο·7, pp.1128_113〇, 〇8 2〇〇4 )模擬第一種方式改變 該微透鏡單元43的曲率半徑，該微透鏡單元43具有由塗 佈在該第二偏光片44上的一光阻層431經軟烤、蝕刻、顯 影等製程形成數個凹槽432，再經硬烤、塗佈一第四透明導 電臈433、一疏水層434，及加入水滴後，與該液晶顯示模 i 2封裝為一鱧。該疏水層434具有疏水的特性，可以使 水滴聚集拱起而形成數個微透鏡435。當該第三、第四透明 導電瞑41、433導電後，該等微透鏡435内的水分子會產 201022786 生極化反應，進而加大該等微透鏡435的曲率半徑，且隨 著電壓大小的不同，達到改變曲率半徑的目的。由於此一 微透鏡陣列之尺寸約為數十微#，故纟面附著力與表面張 力之效應遠大於重力（約1000: υ，所以可以忽略地心引力 之影響。 參閱附件1所示，以下即針對本發明結合前述較佳實 施例說明如下： 光度學公式： 輝度1〇 .光強度，A :被照面面積，：光通量 ，.立體角，.發光面積，··觀察者觀察方向與發光面 積法線方向之夾角。 依據引述光度學公式可知，光通量變大時，光強度〇 及光輝度也會提升’且就實務上而言’該等微透鏡奶的 曲率半铨小，光源方向會更加集中，使正前方單位立體角 之光通量上升’參閱附件卜因此’當光通量維持不變時 光強又G及光輝度會隨著正前方單位立體肖變小而提 升’此時’該等微透鏡435的曲率半徑會有愈來愈小的趨 勢’惟’當光輝度到達㈣nit時，已超過—般市場上可變 視角的液晶顯示器的需求（約400〜_nit)，參閱附件2，所 以’若維持光輝度為5〇〇nit、光強度〇為Hd，可以發 現，使該等微透鏡41的曲率半徑由5醜減小至〇.5随時 、，可以縮減光通量* 221m下降至6 541m，及縮小背光源 視角由100下降為42。，且隨著光通量減小，用電量也會 隨之下降’而能達到節省能源的效果。 201022786 參閱圖5、圖6，及附侔q路_ 附件3所不，藉此，當該等 件31發散光源時，該等第… 雄^ 一透鏡332可收集光源導入該等 第一透鏡331，使等第一读梧 H _ 1導引光向產生平行光源進 入該擴散片31’擴散成均勾 1的面先源，再透過前述可變焦 微透鏡陣列技術，驅動該等微透鏡奶改變曲率半徑的大 小，使背光源視角擴增到適合多人觀看的100。，提昇觀看 時的清析度與舒適度，或縮、诗 飞蝻减到適合一個人觀看的42。， 而滿足觀看需求，並達到節能省電的效果。 由附件2可看出，树明可料效減少能量彡肖耗 7二’且值得—提的是，本發明之可變視角的液晶顯示器可 =合―遙^⑽未示）的” 按鍵（圖未示），直 增減則述可變視角的液晶顯示器的出光視角，或搭 —個偵測裝置（圖未示）確切顴丢 、a A )碩°'"觀看人數，可程式控制前述可變 視角的液晶顯示器改變該等微透鏡41曲率半徑，調 視角。 據上所述可知，本發明 ❹ , 尽發月之可變視角的液晶顯示器及其 皮光模組具有下列優點及功效： 1由於本發明是以該透鏡單元33結合該擴散片 '至:修正光向的㈣，因此，本發明除了不需要設置稜鏡 片外，且能有效降低成本。 2、本發明可以藉由改變該等微透鏡41的曲率半徑， ，視角由多人觀看的廣域角度變化至適合單人觀看的窄域 度：進而調整所需的能量(光通量)，有效減少能量消耗高 70 Λ，使本發明達到節能省電的環保需求。 201022786 准以上所述者，僅為本發明之較佳實施例而已，當不 月匕以此限定本發明實施之範圍，即大凡依本發明中請專利 範圍及發月說明内容所作之簡單的等效變化與修飾，皆仍 屬本發明專利涵蓋之範圍内。 【圖式簡單說明】 圖1疋一不意圖，說明一般直下式的背光模扭； 圖2疋示意圖’說明本發明可變視角的液晶顯示器 及其背光模紐_的一較佳實施例； 圖3是該較佳實施例中一微透鏡單元曲率半徑變大的 一剖視示意圖； 圖4是該較佳實施例中該微透鏡單元曲率半徑變小的 一剖視示意圖； 圖5是該較佳實施例擴大視角的一剖視示意圖；及 圖6是該較佳實施例縮小視角的一剖視示意圖。 【附件簡單說明】 附件1:在相同光通量值下，不同光輝度的結果比較圖 9 附件2 :在相同光輝度值下，不同光通量的結果比較圖 :及 附件3 :由光學模擬軟體建構的光源示意圖。 201022786 【主要元件符號說明】 2 ....... …·液日日顯不模組 33…… •…透鏡單元 21…… …·第一基板 331 …. …第一透鏡 22…… …·彩色濾光片 332 ···· …·第二透鏡 221 ··· …·色點 4 ....... …·微透鏡陣列模組 222… •…色點 41…… …·第三透明導電膜 223… •…色點 42··..· •…親水層 23…… •…第一透明導電膜 43 …·微透鏡單元 24·.... 液日曰層 431… •…光阻層 25·.... •…第二透明導電膜 432… …·凹槽 26····· —第一基板 433… …·第四透明導電膜 27····. …·第一偏光片 434… •…疏水層 3…… •…背光模組 435… •…微透鏡 31 •…擴散片 44·.··· •…第二偏光片 32·.··. •…發光元件 10Referring to Fig. 2', a preferred embodiment of the variable viewing angle liquid crystal display of the present invention comprises a liquid crystal display module 2, a backlight module 3 (Fig. 5), and a microlens array module 4. The liquid crystal display module 2 has a first substrate 21, a color light-passing sheet 22, a first transparent conductive film 23, a liquid crystal layer 24, a second transparent conductive film 25, and a second substrate 26 stacked on each other. And a first polarizer 27. Each of the secondary color elements of the color light-receiving sheet 22 has three color points 221, 222, and 223 of red, green, and blue. Referring to FIG. 5 , the backlight module 3 is located at the rear of the liquid crystal display module 2 and has a diffusion sheet 31 for diffusing light, and a plurality of illuminations disposed behind the diffusion sheet 31 and diverging the light source relative to the diffusion sheet. The element 32 and a lens unit 33 disposed between the diffusion sheet 31 and the light-emitting elements 32. The light-emitting elements 32 are respectively a light-emitting diode in the preferred embodiment. The lens unit 33 has a number of first lenses 331 corresponding to the light-emitting elements 32 and for guiding light into the parallel light source into the diffusion sheet 31, and the number corresponds to the first lens 331 and is used to guide the light source into The second lens 332 of the first lens 201022786 331. The first lens 331 is a plano-convex lens having a radius of curvature R = 3 mm in the preferred embodiment. In the preferred embodiment, the second lens 332 is a plano-convex lens having a radius of curvature of R=17 mm, and can be integrally packaged with the light-emitting diode (light-emitting element) as a light-emitting diode of the light-emitting diode. 2 and FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 show that the microlens array module 4 is overlapped with the first substrate 21 of the (four) crystal display module 2, and has two third transparent conductive electrodes 41, which are mutually stacked. The layer 42 is formed on the hydrophilic layer 42 in a microarray manner corresponding to each color point 221, 222, 223 and can change curvature: a microlens unit 43 and a second polarizer 44. The microlens unit 43 achieves the purpose of changing the radius of curvature by using a variable curvature microlens array technology. The driving methods of the aforementioned variable focal lens array technology can be divided into two categories. The purpose of changing the curvature of the film or interface is to achieve zooming, or To achieve the purpose of zooming by changing the characteristics of the material itself. In the preferred embodiment, reference is made to the prior art (S. Kuiper and HW Hendriks, «Variable-focus liquid lens for miniature cameras,» Appl. phys. Lett., νο1·85' ηο·7, pp. 1128_113〇, 〇8 2〇〇4) Simulating the first way to change the radius of curvature of the microlens unit 43, the microlens unit 43 having a photoresist layer 431 coated on the second polarizer 44 is soft The process of baking, etching, developing, etc. forms a plurality of grooves 432, which are then hard baked, coated with a fourth transparent conductive 臈433, a hydrophobic layer 434, and added with water droplets, and packaged with the liquid crystal display module i 2 . . The hydrophobic layer 434 has a hydrophobic property which allows the water droplets to aggregate and form a plurality of microlenses 435. When the third and fourth transparent conductive turns 41, 433 are electrically conductive, the water molecules in the microlenses 435 generate polarization reaction of 201022786, thereby increasing the radius of curvature of the microlenses 435, and with the voltage The difference is to achieve the purpose of changing the radius of curvature. Since the size of the microlens array is about several tens of micrometers, the effect of surface adhesion and surface tension is much greater than gravity (about 1000: υ, so the influence of gravity can be ignored. See Annex 1 below, That is, the present invention is described in conjunction with the foregoing preferred embodiments as follows: Photometric formula: luminance 1 〇. light intensity, A: illuminated surface area, luminous flux, solid angle, luminous area, observer observation direction and luminous area The angle between the normal directions. According to the reference photometric formula, when the luminous flux becomes larger, the light intensity and the brightness are also improved. 'In practical terms, the curvature of the microlens milk is small and the direction of the light source will be more. Concentration, so that the luminous flux of the solid angle in front of the unit rises. [Refer to the attachment. Therefore, when the luminous flux remains unchanged, the light intensity and G and the luminance will increase as the front unit stereo is smaller. 'At this time' these microlenses 435 The radius of curvature will have a smaller and smaller trend. 'When the brightness reaches (4) nit, it exceeds the demand for a liquid crystal display with a variable viewing angle on the market (about 400~_nit). Read Attachment 2, so if the brightness is 5 〇〇nit and the light intensity 〇 is Hd, it can be found that the radius of curvature of the microlenses 41 is reduced from 5 ug to 〇5, and the luminous flux can be reduced* The 221m is reduced to 6 541m, and the reduction of the backlight viewing angle is reduced from 100 to 42. As the luminous flux decreases, the power consumption will also decrease. The energy saving effect can be achieved. 201022786 See Figure 5 and Figure 6. And the attachment q road_attachment 3 does not, whereby when the pieces 31 diverges the light source, the first ... the lens 332 can collect the light source into the first lens 331 to make the first reading 梧H _1 guiding light to a surface source that generates a parallel light source into the diffusion sheet 31' and diffuses into a uniform hook 1 , and then drives the microlens milk to change the radius of curvature through the zoom lenslet technology to make the backlight The angle of view is expanded to 100 for multi-person viewing, which improves the degree of clarity and comfort during viewing, or shrinks, and reduces the poetry to a person's viewing 42. It meets the viewing needs and achieves energy saving. As can be seen from Annex 2, the tree can be effective The energy consumption is less than 7' and it is worthwhile to mention that the variable-view liquid crystal display of the present invention can be used as a "button" (not shown) of the remote control (10) (not shown). The viewing angle of the liquid crystal display of the viewing angle, or the detection device (not shown) is exactly lost, a A) the number of viewers, and the number of viewers can control the variable angle of view to change the microlens According to the above, the liquid crystal display and the skin light module of the variable viewing angle of the present invention have the following advantages and effects: 1 Since the present invention is combined with the lens unit 33 The diffusion sheet 'to: corrects the light direction (four), and therefore, the present invention can effectively reduce the cost in addition to the need to provide the cymbal. 2. The present invention can change the radius of curvature of the microlenses 41, and the viewing angle is changed from a wide-angle angle viewed by a plurality of people to a narrow range suitable for single-person viewing: thereby adjusting the required energy (light flux), effectively reducing The energy consumption is 70 高, which makes the invention meet the environmental protection requirements of energy saving. 201022786 The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not limited to the scope of the present invention, that is, the simple scope of the patent scope and the description of the month according to the present invention. Both effect changes and modifications are still within the scope of the invention patent. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a general direct-lit backlight mode twist; FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing a preferred embodiment of a variable-view liquid crystal display and a backlight module thereof according to the present invention; 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a radius of curvature of a microlens unit in the preferred embodiment; FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a smaller radius of curvature of the microlens unit in the preferred embodiment; FIG. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing an enlarged perspective of the preferred embodiment; and FIG. [A brief description of the attachment] Annex 1: Comparison of the results of different luminances under the same luminous flux value Figure 9 Annex 2: Comparison of results of different luminous fluxes under the same luminance value: and Annex 3: Light source constructed by optical simulation software schematic diagram. 201022786 [Description of main component symbols] 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Color Filter 332 ······································································ Three transparent conductive films 223... •... color dots 42··..·... hydrophilic layer 23... •...first transparent conductive film 43 ...·microlens unit 24·.... liquid solar layer 431... •... Photoresist layer 25·....•...second transparent conductive film 432...·groove 26·····-first substrate 433... fourth transparent conductive film 27····. a polarizer 434... • a hydrophobic layer 3... • a backlight module 435... • a microlens 31 • a diffusion sheet 44·..... 10