201018592 六、發明說明： 【明所屬^^技領3 本發明係有關於一種能夠在水上及陸上行進的兩棲式 運載工具。 5 【先前技術】 已有人提出及製成不同形式的兩棲式運載工具。儘管 已有人提出兩棲式自行車，然而最小的引擎驅動兩棲式運 載工具為摩托車。Lehrberger的德國專利第DE 19831324C2 號、Gong的美國專利第US 6,540,569號與Buchanan的英國 10 專利第GB 2,254,631號係揭示兩棲式摩托車的設計。 兩樓式運載工具為兩用車輛，因此在水上必須跟在陸 上一樣有用。不同類別的車輛有不同的操縱特性。摩托車 能夠迅速加速以及迅速地以大傾斜度轉彎。不過，上述3種 機器都既重又寬且呈球莖狀。 15 摩托車添加在水上行進所需要的設備會導致重量大 增。增加的重量會使在路上的效能變遲鈍，以及降低轉彎 時的抓地性能(roadholding capability)。相較於只用於陸上 的，摩托車的寬度也必須增加才能提供浮力與水上穩定 性。寬度增加會限制機器在路上轉彎時可傾斜的角度。重 20量及寬度增加會使摩托車在路上感覺很笨重。 【明内】 本發明提供一種如申請專利範圍第1項所述的兩棲式 運載工具。因此，該兩棲式運載工具有緊凑的尺寸，在水 上能迅速上昇到水面上而且在水上可輕易操縱。 3 201018592 圖式簡單說明 此時用以下附圖來描述僅供圖解說明的本發明具體實 施例： 第1圖為本發明兩棲式運載工具之第一具體實施例的 5 示意底部平面圖； 第2圖為本發明兩棲式運載工具之第一具體實施例的 側視圖；以及 第3圖為本發明第一具體實施例的剖開透視圖。 C貧施方式13 10 第1圖、第2圖及第3圖係圖示本發明之一具體實施例的 兩棲式運載工具10。兩棲式運載工具1〇包含有浮力的“V” 形船趙12。船體12有船首14與船尾16。主體11係附著於船 體12。 一對前輪20用前懸架22連接於船首附近。前懸架22的 15 形式為雙魚骨型懸架較佳，或替換地，可由任一習知類型 的懸架形成。 單一後輪24用後懸架26連接於船尾附近。後懸架％的 形式為一對後部拖曳臂(rearwardly trailing arm)28較佳，其 間係可旋轉地支撐車輪24。臂體28在前端用樞軸35可旋轉 20地附著於車架。後部拖曳臂形成一 A型框架為較佳。橫向延 伸支柱29係連接該等臂體20以及形成a型框架的頂點在隔 振器單元（shock absorber unit)31上方的螺旋彈簧（c〇u spring)係連接至支柱29以允許該等臂體20的阻尼懸掛運 動，替換地，該後懸架可包含支撐車輪24的單一拖曳臂。 201018592 前懸架22與後懸架26可縮回供兩棲式運載工具用於水 上。懸架22、26在水上時最好可縮回到車輛的吃水線上方， 懸架22、26可伸出供陸上使用。 5 10 15 ❹ 前輪20用任一習知構件來縮回。例如，液壓懸架支柱 可提供車輪運動的阻尼以及車輪的縮回。此類支柱可由本 案申請人的美國專利第US 2003/0047899號獲悉。替換地， 車輪的縮回可用懸架總成的致動器旋轉部件來達成，如 Roycmft的美國專利第US 5,531，179號所述。替換地，可藉 由車輪或懸架立柱以局部旋轉軸為中心旋轉來縮回車輪2〇 使得車輪的外側(在陸上時)在水面時會朝下。 後輪24可用致動器33縮回，例如液壓致動器或氣壓致 動器，附著於在隔振器單元31上方的螺旋彈簧為較佳。拖 曳臂28可用致動器33繞著樞軸35向上旋轉。 兩棲式運載工具1〇在水上是用水喷射流驅動裴置 (water jet drive)推進。該兩棲式運載工具包含兩個水噴射流 驅動裝置3G °每個水噴射流驅動裝置包含喷射流入口 ，喷射紅Π32最好通㈣體底面以轉水至嗔射流驅 動裝置3G巾。每個喷射流轉裝㈣更包含開口向後的喷 射抓喷嘴34。肖葉輪將水由嘴射时嘴排出以在水上推進 兩棲式運載工具1〇。 ^•兩個水嘴射流驅動裝置3〇係橫向偏離兩棲式運栽工 、的中 '"線X_X。該等水嘴射流驅動裝置3G係以中心線 X-X為對稱轴。該蓉 ^ ^ 寻水f射流驅動裝置30是配置在後輪24 使仔在後輪24伸出時，由水喷射流驅動裝置⑽排出的 20 201018592 水可通過後輪24兩側。 該等水喷射流驅動裝置30是用兩棲式運載工具内的動 力源提供動力，由引擎37(例如，内燃引擎）提供動力為較 佳。引擎37的輸出連接至齒輪箱46。齒輪箱46可為無級變 速傳動系統(CVT) ’齒輪箱46係可操作地連接至傳動軸39， 傳動軸39與後輪連接以驅動後輪。齒輪箱46的輸出在兩棲 式運栽工具的縱軸上或附近為較佳。 10 15 該引擎也驅動兩個皮帶驅動裝置48，每個皮帶驅動裝 置48係由車輛中心線橫向向外延伸。每個皮帶驅動裝置包 含環繞兩個隔開支撐輪的環帶。皮帶驅動裝置狀各驅動一 =動_ ’該等傳動轴·向後延伸且與兩棲式運載工具 裝::實質:订。傳動軸5〇各自連接及驅動水噴射流驅動 各個:之—個的葉輪。因此’是獨立(亦即，分開)地驅動 個水嘴射流。由共用動力源來驅動每個水喷射流。 錐形ΓΓ，該等傳動軸可用齒輪連接至齒輪箱，特別是， 佳:兩樓式運載工具10在陸上時’不驅動前輪20為較 的替換地，前輪20的驅動動力源可與水喷射流驅動裝置 流前輪Μ的驅動動力源可與驅動水喷射 ，動裝置3G的動力源分開。此—個別動力源可為第二引 t如内㈣擎）或電動馬達。除了細叫，後輪可用 動嘴射流驅動裝置3Q的動力源或者是個別的動力源來驅 雖然假設雙喷射流會比單嗔射流的驅動裝置重，然而 20 201018592 5 10 15 若比較這兩種規劃會有令人意外的結果。為了提供效能與 單喷射流等價的雙喷射流，會規定雙噴射流有比等價單喷 射流小的直徑。與單噴射流驅動裝置(single jet drive)相 比’這會減少喷射流葉片（jet blade)的葉尖速比(tip speed); 這使得雙喷射流在高速時比較不容易空化(cavitation)。也發 現，由於葉尖速度會隨著轉速的平方增加，因此可做出比 單喷射流還輕的較小噴射流，因為它有較小的直徑。因此， 雙噴射流本身會比單噴射流驅動裝置輕；而且，在整體上 也比較輕’即使需要使用比單噴射流驅動裝置複雜的變速 器。 雙喷射k的優點在於兩樓式運載工具可迅速上升到水 面上，大概會比單噴射流驅動裝置的等價機器快—到兩 秒。雙喷射流的缺點為成本與包裝；以及，由於附加噴射 流驅動裝置會增加泵送損耗以致在水上的最高速度會減 少。例如，小型兩棲式運載工具的最高速度可能減少4海哩 /小時。 雙喷射流機器會比較容易騎乘，極速不快但比較輕鬆。 兩棲式運載工具10為騎乘兩棲式運載工具，駕歇員係 兩腿分開坐在兩棲式運載工具的主㈣上。駕駛員可坐上 的座位40是在主_上。座㈣可大収崎乘客坐在騎 士後面，座位40可設有-或更多凹座(未圖示）以允許騎士及 /或乘客（或數人)可“逐位坐上，，座位。 駕駿員係通過把手42來操縱兩棲式運載工具轉向。該 等把手均連接至用於在陸上操縱兩棲式運載I具的前⑽ 20 201018592 轉向，以及連接至用於在水上操縱兩樓式運載工具轉向的 方向航或其他轉向構件。替換地，用於在陸上及水上操縱 兩棲式運載工具1G轉向的方向盤可絲取代把手。 座位40位在提供動力給水噴射流驅動裝置及/或車輪 5的動力源上方。擒風玻璃44可由主魏向上延伸用來防浪 花及防水。 已描述有兩個噴射流驅動裝置的兩棲式運載工具10。 替換地’兩棲式運載工具10可具有3個或更多喷射流驅動裝 置。每個喷較㈣裝置用上述傳動細動為較佳。 1〇 應注意，上述說明與Buch_、G〇ng、Lehrb—及201018592 VI. INSTRUCTIONS: [Brief of the invention] The invention relates to an amphibious vehicle capable of traveling on water and on land. 5 [Prior Art] Different forms of amphibious vehicles have been proposed and made. Although amphibious bicycles have been proposed, the smallest engine-driven amphibious transport tool is a motorcycle. German Patent No. DE 19831324 C2 to Lehrberger, U.S. Patent No. 6,540,569 to Gong, and U.S. Patent No. 2,254,631 to Buchanan disclose the design of an amphibious motorcycle. The two-story vehicle is a dual-purpose vehicle and therefore must be as useful on land as it is on the water. Different types of vehicles have different handling characteristics. Motorcycles can accelerate quickly and quickly turn at large inclinations. However, all three of these machines are heavy, wide and bulbous. 15 Motorcycles add equipment that is needed to travel on the water, resulting in a significant increase in weight. The increased weight can slow down the performance on the road and reduce the roadholding capability during cornering. The width of the motorcycle must also be increased to provide buoyancy and water stability compared to land only. An increase in width limits the angle at which the machine can tilt when turning on the road. A weight of 20 and an increase in width will make the motorcycle feel heavy on the road. [In the present invention] The present invention provides an amphibious vehicle as described in claim 1 of the patent application. Therefore, the amphibious vehicle has a compact size that can rise to the surface quickly on water and can be easily manipulated on water. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a schematic bottom plan view of a first embodiment of an amphibious vehicle of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the present invention; A side view of a first embodiment of the amphibious vehicle of the present invention; and a third perspective view of the first embodiment of the present invention. C Poverty Mode 13 10 Figures 1, 2, and 3 illustrate an amphibious vehicle 10 in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. The amphibious vehicle 1〇 contains a buoyant “V” shaped ship Zhao 12. The hull 12 has a bow 14 and a stern 16. The main body 11 is attached to the hull 12. A pair of front wheels 20 are connected to the vicinity of the bow by a front suspension 22. The form of the front suspension 22 is preferably a double fishbone suspension, or alternatively, may be formed by any of the conventional types of suspensions. A single rear wheel 24 is attached to the vicinity of the stern with a rear suspension 26. The rear suspension % is preferably in the form of a pair of rearward trailing arms 28 that rotatably support the wheels 24. The arm body 28 is rotatably attached to the frame by a pivot 35 at the front end. It is preferred that the rear trailing arm form an A-frame. The laterally extending strut 29 is connected to the arm bodies 20 and a coil spring that forms an apex of the a-frame above the shock absorber unit 31 is coupled to the strut 29 to allow the arms to be The damped suspension motion of 20, alternatively, the rear suspension may include a single trailing arm that supports the wheel 24. 201018592 Front suspension 22 and rear suspension 26 are retractable for use with amphibious vehicles for water. Preferably, the suspensions 22, 26 are retracted above the waterline of the vehicle when on the water, and the suspensions 22, 26 can be extended for use on land. 5 10 15 ❹ The front wheel 20 is retracted with any conventional component. For example, hydraulic suspension strut provides damping of wheel motion and retraction of the wheel. Such a struts are known from the applicant's U.S. Patent No. US 2003/0047899. Alternatively, the retraction of the wheel can be achieved with the actuator rotating member of the suspension assembly, as described in U.S. Patent No. 5,531,179 to the name of U.S. Pat. Alternatively, the wheel 2 缩 can be retracted by rotating the wheel or suspension column about the local axis of rotation such that the outside of the wheel (when on land) faces downwards when in the water. The rear wheel 24 can be retracted by an actuator 33, such as a hydraulic actuator or a pneumatic actuator, preferably attached to a coil spring above the isolator unit 31. The trailing arm 28 can be rotated upward about the pivot 35 by the actuator 33. The amphibious vehicle 1 is propelled on the water by a water jet drive. The amphibious vehicle comprises two water jet drive means 3G. Each water jet drive comprises a jet inlet, and the jetted red bowl 32 preferably passes through the bottom surface of the body to transfer water to the helium jet drive 3G. Each jet stream (4) further includes an injection catching nozzle 34 that is open rearward. The Xiao impeller discharges water from the mouth of the mouth to propel the amphibious vehicle on the water. ^• Two nozzle jet drive units 3 are laterally offset from the amphibious carrier, the middle '" line X_X. The nozzle jet driving device 3G has a center line X-X as an axis of symmetry. The water pumping drive unit 30 is disposed on the rear wheel 24 to allow the water to be discharged by the water jet drive device (10) when the rear wheel 24 is extended. 20 201018592 Water can pass through both sides of the rear wheel 24. The water jet drive unit 30 is powered by a power source within the amphibious vehicle and is preferably powered by an engine 37 (e.g., an internal combustion engine). The output of the engine 37 is coupled to a gearbox 46. The gearbox 46 can be a stepless variable speed drive (CVT). The gearbox 46 is operatively coupled to a drive shaft 39 that is coupled to the rear wheels to drive the rear wheels. The output of the gearbox 46 is preferably on or near the longitudinal axis of the amphibious tool. 10 15 The engine also drives two belt drives 48, each of which extends laterally outward from the vehicle centerline. Each belt drive includes an endless belt that surrounds two spaced apart support wheels. The belt drive drives each drive one = move _ 'the drive shafts · extend backwards and with the amphibious vehicle:: substantial: order. The drive shafts 5 are each connected and drive the water jet to drive each of the impellers. Therefore, the nozzle jets are driven independently (i.e., separately). Each water jet is driven by a shared power source. The drive shaft can be connected to the gear box by gears. In particular, when the two-story vehicle 10 is on the land, the front wheel 20 is not driven, and the driving power source of the front wheel 20 can be sprayed with water. The driving power source of the front rim of the flow driving device can be separated from the power source for driving the water jet and the moving device 3G. This—the individual power source can be the second lead (such as the inner (four) engine) or the electric motor. In addition to squeaking, the rear wheel can be powered by the power source of the nozzle jet drive 3Q or by an individual power source, although it is assumed that the dual jet will be heavier than the single jet drive, however 20 201018592 5 10 15 There will be unexpected results. In order to provide a dual jet equivalent in efficiency to a single jet, it is provided that the dual jet has a smaller diameter than the equivalent jet. This reduces the tip speed of the jet blade as compared to a single jet drive; this makes the double jet less susceptible to cavitation at high speeds. It has also been found that since the tip speed increases with the square of the rotational speed, a smaller jet that is lighter than a single jet can be made because it has a smaller diameter. Therefore, the dual jets themselves will be lighter than the single jet drive; moreover, they will be lighter overall - even if it is necessary to use a shifter that is more complex than a single jet drive. The advantage of the dual jet k is that the two-story vehicle can rise quickly to the surface of the water, probably about two seconds faster than the equivalent machine of a single jet drive. The disadvantages of dual jets are cost and packaging; and, because the additional jet drive increases pumping losses so that the maximum speed on the water is reduced. For example, the maximum speed of a small amphibious vehicle may be reduced by 4 nautical miles per hour. Dual jet machines are easier to ride, and the speed is not fast but easier. The amphibious vehicle 10 is an amphibious vehicle that rides on the main (four) of the amphibious vehicle. The seat 40 on which the driver can sit is on the main _. The seat (4) can be seated behind the knight, and the seat 40 can be provided with - or more recesses (not shown) to allow the knight and/or passenger (or a number of people) to sit "separately, seat." The driver steers the amphibious vehicle steering through the handle 42. The handles are all connected to the front (10) 20 201018592 steering for onshore control of the amphibious carrying gear, and to the two-story carrying for maneuvering on the water. The direction of steering of the tool or other steering member. Alternatively, the steering wheel for steering the amphibious vehicle 1G on land and water can replace the handle. The seat 40 is located at the power supply water jet drive and/or the wheel 5 Above the power source, the hurricane glass 44 can be extended from the main Wei upward for protection against spray and water. An amphibious vehicle 10 having two jet flow drives has been described. Alternatively, the amphibious vehicle 10 can have three or more Multi-jet flow drive device. It is better to use the above-mentioned transmission fine movement for each spray (4) device. 1〇 It should be noted that the above description is related to Buch_, G〇ng, Lehrb—and
Grzech(美國專利第us 5 _ 〇46號)的先前技術不同的是， 本發明的兩棲式運載工具並沒有在兩樓式運載工具由路上 模式換成水上模式或反之時要移動的主體部件(例如，車輪 護蓋）。已有許多先前技術的專利提出此類的活動主體部 15件’甚至是四輪的，如Williamson的美國專利第us 4 958 584 號，但是在量產車輛中很少見。這些會增加重量、成本及 複雜度；而且在行進遭遇實際障礙(例如，砂石、浮木及腐 蝕)時容易出問題。在測試原型兩棲式運載工具時，本申請 人意外發現，當不必昇高活動車輪護蓋及其相關驅動機構 20的重量至平面上以致兩棲式運載工具更容易上升至平面上 可補償因裸露供早一後輪用之輪搶(wheel well)以致滑行面 積(planing area)減少而有餘。 為了以另一方式來陳述此一 “無活動主體部件，，的配 置’所有行走輪在用可縮回懸架來縮回時都暴露於水。 201018592 吾等認為兩個前行走輪與一個後行走輪以及雙噴射流 水上驅動裝置的組合可提供可行水上效能、可靠的路上穩 疋度以及攜載量的理想組合。這些特徵可結合騎乘座位以 在各方向知供最佳的能見度；以及與車輛的縱軸中心線對 齊使得重量在橫向有良好的分布，即使只有駕駛員在車輛 上面的時候。 使用兩個前輪可路上提供良好的穩定度，同時可輕易 地把雙噴射流驅動裝置包裝於單一後輪的兩側。這與 (}1^6(：11的美國專利第1；8 5,690,046號相反，該專利係要求有 〇複雜縮回配置的單一前輪以及雙後輪只允許使用單喷射流 驅動裝置，此外，公認Grzech所提出的一前輪及兩後輪之 規劃在陸上不是最穩定的。 上述任一特徵可與任一具體實施例的任何特徵結合。 【圖式簡单說明】 第1圖為本發明兩棲式運載工具之第一具體實施例的 不意底部平面圖； 第2圖為本發明兩棲式運載工具之第一具體實施例的 側視圖；以及 第3圖為本發明第一具體實施例的剖開透視圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 10.*.兩棲式運載工具 16···船尾 U···主體 20···前輪 12..·船體 22··*前懸架 14···船首 24…單一後輪 201018592 26…後懸架 37…引擎 28…後部拖曳臂 39…傳動轴 29…橫向延伸支柱 40"·座位 30…水喷射流驅動裝置 42…把手 31…隔振器單元 44…擒風玻璃 32…喷射流入口 46…齒輪箱 33…致動器 48…皮帶驅動裝置 34…喷射流喷嘴 50…傳動軸 35…樞軸 X-X·.·中心線The prior art of Grzech (U.S. Pat. No. 5/46) differs in that the amphibious vehicle of the present invention does not have a body part to be moved when the two-story vehicle is switched from the on-road mode to the water mode or vice versa ( For example, wheel cover). There are a number of prior art patents which propose such a movable body portion 15 ' even four wheels, such as U.S. Patent No. 4,958,584 to Williamson, but is rare in mass production vehicles. These add weight, cost, and complexity; they are prone to problems when they encounter actual obstacles (such as sand, driftwood, and corrosion). In testing a prototype amphibious vehicle, the Applicant unexpectedly discovered that when it is not necessary to raise the weight of the movable wheel cover and its associated drive mechanism 20 to a plane such that the amphibious vehicle is more likely to rise to a flat surface, the bare supply can be compensated for. The wheel well is used in the early and the second rounds, so that the planning area is reduced. In order to state in another way that this "no moving body part, the configuration" all the walking wheels are exposed to water when retracted with the retractable suspension. 201018592 We consider two front walking wheels and one rear walking The combination of wheel and dual jet flow water drive provides an ideal combination of viable water performance, reliable road stability and carrying capacity. These features can be combined with riding seats to provide optimum visibility in all directions; The centerline alignment of the longitudinal axis of the vehicle allows for a good distribution of weight in the lateral direction, even when only the driver is on the vehicle. The use of two front wheels provides good stability on the road and the dual jet drive can be easily packaged The two sides of a single rear wheel. This is in contrast to the US Patent No. 1; 8 5,690,046, which is required to have a single front wheel in a complex retracted configuration and only a single injection in the double rear wheel. Flow drive, in addition, it is recognized that the planning of a front wheel and two rear wheels proposed by Grzech is not the most stable on land. Any of the above features can be implemented with any implementation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a bottom plan view of a first embodiment of an amphibious vehicle of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a first embodiment of an amphibious vehicle of the present invention. The side view; and Fig. 3 is a cut-away perspective view of the first embodiment of the present invention. [Main component symbol description] 10.*. Amphibian vehicle 16···Stern U··· body 20···front wheel 12.. hull 22··* front suspension 14··the bow 24...single rear wheel 201018592 26...rear suspension 37...engine 28...rear trailing arm 39...drive shaft 29...laterally extending strut 40"·seat 30... Water jet drive device 42...Handle 31...Vibrator unit 44...Hurricane glass 32...Jet stream inlet 46...Gear box 33...Actuator 48...Belt drive unit 34...Jet stream nozzle 50...Drive shaft 35...Pivot Axis XX·.·center line
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