201018035 六、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明侧於-種船電故障電流限崎置，尤指—種用於限 制船舶電力系統短路故障電流之裝置。 【先前技術】 由於海洋對於我國工業與經濟發展的重要性，在海洋發展 ❹上’船舶工業佔有舉足輕重之地位。對船舶而言，其電力系統是 相當重要的-環。船舶電力祕與岸上電力系統有些不同，其可 靠度與穩定度要求更為嚴苛。船隻航行在海上其電力系統的穩定 度是非常ί要的’舉凡船上所有料航伽、通信設備、機械設 備、機_的各種栗、壓縮機、鼓風機、離心機以及生活用電等 都需要靠電力去運雜作’若發電機或其他電力設備發生故障， 而造成部份停電或全停電，往往肇生嚴重後果。 ❹.現今船舶已朝向自動化發展，使得有愈來愈多的電氣設傷装 設於船上，而造成船舶發電裝置容量逐漸增加，短路故障電流也 曰漸增大，迫使電力保護設備的設計面臨新的挑戰。 而目前船舶電力系統大都是藉由適當的設計斷路開關設備可 以有效遮斷故障電流’以達到保護電力設備之目的。但如前所述， 現今船舶電力系統短路故障電流日益增大，現有船用斷路器規格 並不能完全適用，也無法有效保護整個系統，或選用的開關設備 體積重量過大’或引起成本過高。 201018035 【發明内容】 祕贱前技術存在之問題，本發明為-種船電轉電流限 制裝置’主要目的储由故障電流限制e設置於m統中之電 源供應端至貞細之雜，在超過設備額定之短時忍受電流或超 過斷路器的額疋短路啟斷電流的情況下，允許設備繼續運轉及系 統保護，更可以減少虛功的損失。 為達成上叙目的’本發贿提供之麟手段為—種船電故 0 障電流限制裝置，包括： -船電系統：該船電系統包括-電源供應端、—負載，該電源 供應端與該負截呈電性連接； -故障電流_|| :該故障電流關器包括—卿式阻抗裝置 «亥判別式阻抗裝置電性連接於該電源供應端至該負載間之 路徑；該_式阻抗裝置可以判別故障餘，若無故障電流 則呈低阻抗狀態；若摘測到故障電流，則呈高阻抗狀態，限 ❾ 制故障電流通過；藉由該故障電流限繼於平時未發生故障 時，係呈現低阻抗狀態，可以減少虛功的損失。 【實施方式】 以下藉由圖式說明本發明之内容、特色與實施例，俾使貴審 查人員對於本發明有更進一步之瞭解。 請參閱第―®师，絲發明讀讀關，_-齡電 故障電流限制裝置，包括： σ 一船電系統⑴，該船電系統⑴包括—電源供應端⑼、—負載 4 201018035 (12)，該電源供應端⑴換該負載(12)呈電性連接； 一故障電流限制器(2) ’該故障電流限制器(2)為一判別式阻抗裝 置(21)，該判別式阻抗裝置(21)為一超導體，串聯於該電源供 應端(11)至該負載(12)之路徑，當該船電系統⑴正常運作時， 則呈低阻抗狀態，以避免焦耳熱功率的損失；但當故障發生 並產生巨大故障電麟，可域速的轉變為高阻抗狀態，以 抑制該船電系統⑴巾電流的急速增加，以達到保護該船電系 統(1)設備的功用。 一般而言，該超導體在正常電流與較高的電流密度時的電氣 特性為在倾臨界溫度與臨界概密度時，其電阻為零及當超過 臨界溫度或臨界電流密度’該材質的電阻會同時快速地增加。由 於該超導體本身具有超導態（電阻約等於零）與非超導態（電阻 約等於-般金屬）兩種差異大的狀態，因此可以控制流經該超導 體的電流，而達成超過臨界電流便可在—_關住故障電流， 並將其抑制。 請參閱第二圖所示’該判別式阻抗裝置⑼可設為一觸發單元 (22)、-電流限鮮元(23)，該電流限制單元(Μ)與該觸發單元㈤ 呈電性連接’該觸發單元(22)可供細轉電流，並將故障信號傳 輪至該電流限制單元(23)，使該電流限制單元(23)能在極短時間内 介入電財，關鱗電流初鱗值及上升料，藉此降低 故障電流。 — 請參閱第三圖所示，係為本發明第一實施例，該觸發單元⑼ 為-密封陶变管(22a)，該電流限制單元⑼為一設於該密封陶竞管 5 201018035 (22a)内之導體帶(23a) ’該密封陶瓷管(22a)之管壁内填充乾石英及少 (22al) ’而該導體帶(23a)係呈螺旋狀排列；該導體帶(23a)係設計在 許多點裡有較窄的截面，以確保在故障電流或過電流事故中，各 點會同時熔斷，且產生夠高的電弧電壓，將預期的峰值故障電流 限制在較小的值。 请參閱第四圖所示，係為本發明第二實施例，該觸發單元(22) 為一快速開關(22b)，該電流限制單元(23)為一熔絲(23b)，可承载 ❹較高的額定電流，但本身沒有限制故障電流的能力，該快速開關 (22b)係與該熔絲(23b)並聯；該快速開關(22b)係包括一儲能設備 (22b 1) >脈衝變壓器(?2b2)以及一爆裂架(22b3)，該脈衝變壓器 (22b2)與該儲能設備(22bl)連接一電能線路，且該爆裂架(22b3)與 該儲能設備(22bl)之間連接一電能線路，藉以令該脈衝變壓器(22 b2)可長：供電能供應予該儲能設備(22bi)，並由該儲能設備(22Μ) 提供電能開啟該爆裂架(22b3)。當該爆裂架(22b3)打開後，電流可 在〇.5 ms内持續流經該熔絲(23b)，並在下一個電壓零點時遮斷該 ❹電流。 請參閱第五(a)圖與第五(b)圖所示，為本發明第三實施例，該 觸發單元(22)為一非線性旁通電路(22c)，該電流限制單元(23)為一 線性電抗器(Bel)串聯一電容器(23c2)，該觸發單元(η)係與該電 流限制單元(23)並聯；因該線性電抗器(23cl)所產生的電壓降，是 由忒串聯之電容器(23c2)來消除’而該電容器(23C2)並聯了一個在 正韦負載情形下不會動作的非線性旁通電路(22c)。當故障發生 時’該非線性旁通電路(22c)的功能係終止串聯共振的情形，而使 6 201018035 該電流限制單元(23)得以限制故障電流，並於故障排除後，可回復 正常情況運作。 : 為了要顧該輯錢關_符合轉發生當時暫態反應 的要求便加入改善電路，該改善電路並不會景多響原有基本電路 動作，但可確保反應速度夠快’且可避免與串聯電容器⑽2)結合 後所引起的次諧波共振不穩定情形。 凊參閱第六圖所示，為本發明第四實施例，該觸發單元(22) ❹為一變壓器之一次側線圈(22dl)及一超導線圈(22d2)，該電流限制 單元(23)為一鐵心(23d)’該鐵心(23d)設於該一次側線圈(22di)及一 超導線圈(22d2)間。由於線路與超導體間會產生電感性輕合現象， 所以在正常運轉期間，該一次側線圈(謎)產纟之磁動是由超導線 圈(22d2)上感應之電流抵銷，此時，該故障電流限制器(2)之阻抗 非常低，但於故障狀況期間，這種平衡狀態被破壞，即超導體已 經不再能遮蔽鐵心(23d) ’如同在被保護的線路中插入一個高阻抗。 請參閱第七圖所示，為本發明第五實施例，該觸發單元(22) 為一雙向半導體開關(22e)，該電流限制單元(23)為一電流限制阻抗 (電抗器）(23e) ’該雙向半導體開關(22e)係與該電流限制阻抗（電 抗器）（23e)並聯。該雙向半導體開關(22e)包括兩個如GT〇s(^ate Tum-off Thyristors)等電力電子開關以反向並聯裝設，再並聯一突 波吸收器（ZnO變阻器）（22el)。為了改善該雙向半導體開關(22e) 切換造成的過電壓’便加入一限制跨接在該雙向半導體開關(22e) 線路間之暫態電壓初始上升率及大小的暫態改善電路。當偵測到 故障時，該雙向半導體開關(22e)會從正常導通狀態轉為開路狀 201018035 態，此時故障電流轉向流入限制故障電流的電流限制阻抗（電抗 器）（23e)。由於該故障電流限制器⑵是由可在故障電流達到峰值 前將故障電流遮斷的半導體元件所組成’因此大多使用可自動換 相的固態元件’如整流晶閘管(Gate Commutated Thyristors， GCTs)、可關斷晶閘管（GTOs)或絕緣閘雙極型晶體管(insuiated Bipolar Transistors，IGBTs)等，原則上也可使用閘流體與換相電 路’其中整流晶閘管的運作時間非常短，通常只要幾微秒，非常 適合應用於船舶電力系統。 請參閱第八圖所示，為本發明第六實施例，該判別式阻抗裝 置(21)為一 PTC電阻(21a)，該PTC電阻(21a)串聯一負载開關❶該 PTC電阻(21a)只有非常明顯的正電阻溫度係數效應，主要特性是 在低溫時有低電阻性，高溫時為高電阻性。若故障發生，故障電 流會加熱參PTC t阻(2la)，從導通冷卻狀態到絕緣高溫狀態，因 在高溫狀態其電阻性非常高，能先限制電流，再抑制到零，且該 PTC電阻(21a)可以忍受回復定的時間。該故障電流限制器 (2)若要實際顧於船舶巾壓纽作為故障賴限制抑時，則須 串聯複數之PTC電阻(21a)與並聯複數變阻體（即隨電壓變動的電 阻）（21al)，以方便控制跨在這些電阻上的電壓。 請參閱第九⑻圖與第九_所示，為本發明第七實施例，該 觸發單元(22)為-侧短路電流單元(22g)，該電流限制單元⑼包 括一機械式接點(2袖、-換向整流路徑(2刷、一負載開關卿） 以及-職路树23g4)，該電鎌辦元(23)之構相係呈並聯； 該偵測短路電流單元(22g)，可供監視電流的大小，若有故障發生 8 201018035 則觸發該機械式接點(23gl)，並由該機械式接點(23gl)將仍在上升 的電流切換到該換向整流路徑(23g2)，再由一電動跳脫機構(23g5) 將該負載開關(23g3)打開，使短路電流進入該限流路徑(23g4)中， 達到抑制故障電流的效果。 該換向整流路徑(23g2)係由作為隔離開關用之動作非常快速 的開關串聯半導體元件（基體閘換向晶閘管、二極體及突波吸收 器）所組成，由該換向整流路徑(23g2)提供一段延遲時間，以讓該 ❻機械式接點(23gl)回復到可忍受的電壓之下，隨後藉由該電動跳脫 機構(23g5)於幾百個微秒内打開該負載開關(23g3)使電流進入該限 流路徑(23g4)，該限流路徑(23g4)為一具正溫度電阻係數之ptc電 阻。因此，可以在該限流路徑(23g4)大量加熱前限制故障電流，隔 離開關打開使得半導體從逐漸上升的電壓中隔離，在小於半個周 波的啟斷時間’該負載開關(23g3)在第一個零交會點時遮斷故障電 流’在故障偵測與電流限制間的延遲時間少於lms。 由於船舶電力系統相當於陸上的小型電網，主要差別在於該 ® 電源供應端(11)與該負載(12)間之路徑較短，該負載(12)變動較頻 繁，電源容量有限等；而該故障電流限制器(2)裝設於船上之位置 不同亦會有不同的效益。 裝設該故障電流限制器(2)於發電機出口與升壓變壓器一次側 處： 限制故障電流將其抑制在斷路器啟斷容量之下，補償升壓變壓器 虛功損失，增加系統安全性，並符合系統安全裕度之設計要求。 裝設該故障電流限制器(2)於兩供電系統或相同電壓匯流排 201018035 間： 改善變壓Is負載分配不平均的缺點，讓短路故障電流抑制在安全 規範的範圍内，降低故障發生後的短路電流，提升系統運轉可靠 度。 裝設該故障電流限制器(2)於大容量電動機入口 ： 當該船電系統(1)發生故障時能有抑制故障電流之效果，正常運轉 時，亦可降低系統損失，提昇運轉電壓，並阻止電動機 而變成發電機，提供短路故障電流。 … 裝設該故障電流限制H(2)於懸!!二次做現有斷路器串聯 或取代斷路器功能： ° 限制故障職將其抑制在斷路H啟斷容量之下，補償變壓器虛功 的損失並可讓既有_路顏續運轉，減少升靖路騎需的花 費0 裝設故障電流限制器(2)與限流電抗器並聯： 保護限流電抗器’使其在故障發生時，不會因為過大的故障電流 w 而燒毀。 裝設該故障電流限制器(2)於配電饋線上： 降低發生故障時之配電饋線瞬間電壓降，進而縮小停電區域。 裝设該故障電流限制器(2)於主配電盤上： 降低故障電流大小，可選用較低規格之開關贿，進而減少主配 電盤之體積。 綜上所述’本發明確實符合產業利用性，且未於申請前見於 刊物或公開使用，亦未為公眾所知悉，且具有非顯而易知性，符 201018035 合可專利之要件，爰依法提出專利申請。 述所陳，為本創作產業上一較佳實施例，舉凡依本發明申請 專利範圍所作之均等變化，皆屬本案訴求標的之範疇。 ❹201018035 VI. Description of the Invention: [Technical Field of the Invention] The present invention is directed to a type of ship fault current limiting, and particularly to a device for limiting a short-circuit fault current of a ship power system. [Prior Art] Due to the importance of the ocean to China's industrial and economic development, the marine industry has played a pivotal role in the development of the ocean. For ships, their power system is quite important - the ring. Ship power secrets are somewhat different from onshore power systems, and their reliability and stability requirements are more stringent. The stability of the power system of the vessel sailing on the sea is very important. 'All the ships on the ship, the communication equipment, the mechanical equipment, the various pumps, compressors, blowers, centrifuges and household electricity, etc. Power to carry out miscellaneous work 'If a generator or other electrical equipment fails, causing partial power outages or total power outages, it often has serious consequences. ❹. Today, ships are moving towards automation, which has caused more and more electrical installations to be installed on ships. As a result, the capacity of ship power generation devices has gradually increased, and the short-circuit fault current has also increased, forcing the design of power protection equipment to face new The challenge. At present, most of the ship power systems can effectively interrupt the fault current by appropriately designing the circuit breaker device to protect the power equipment. However, as mentioned above, today's ship power system short-circuit fault current is increasing, the existing marine circuit breaker specifications are not fully applicable, and the entire system cannot be effectively protected, or the selected switchgear is too bulky or causes excessive cost. 201018035 [Summary of the Invention] The problem of the prior art of the secret, the present invention is a kind of ship-to-electric current-limiting device' main purpose storage by the fault current limit e is set in the power supply end of the m system to the finest, in excess of the device When the rated short-time endurance current or exceeds the front and rear of the circuit breaker, the short-circuit breaking current allows the equipment to continue to operate and system protection, and the loss of virtual work can be reduced. In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the method of providing the bribe is a ship-to-ship current limiting device, including: - a ship's power system: the ship's power system includes a power supply terminal, a load, and the power supply terminal The negative current is electrically connected; - the fault current _||: the fault current switch comprises: a clear impedance device, the electronic discriminating impedance device is electrically connected to the path between the power supply end and the load; The impedance device can discriminate the fault residual, and if there is no fault current, it is in a low impedance state; if the fault current is measured, it is in a high impedance state, and the fault current is limited to pass; and the fault current is limited to the normal fault. The system exhibits a low impedance state, which can reduce the loss of virtual work. [Embodiment] The contents, features, and embodiments of the present invention will be described in the following, so that the reviewers will have a better understanding of the present invention. Please refer to the “®” division, the invention of the reading and closing, _-age electric fault current limiting device, including: σ a ship electric system (1), the ship electric system (1) includes - power supply end (9), - load 4 201018035 (12) The power supply terminal (1) is electrically connected to the load (12); a fault current limiter (2) 'the fault current limiter (2) is a discriminant impedance device (21), and the discriminant impedance device ( 21) is a superconductor connected in series with the path of the power supply end (11) to the load (12). When the marine power system (1) is in normal operation, it is in a low impedance state to avoid loss of Joule thermal power; The fault occurs and a huge fault occurs. The domain speed changes to a high-impedance state to suppress the rapid increase of the current of the ship's power system (1) to protect the function of the ship's power system (1). In general, the electrical characteristics of the superconductor at normal current and high current density are zero at the critical temperature and critical bulk density, and when the temperature exceeds the critical temperature or the critical current density, the resistance of the material simultaneously Increase quickly. Since the superconductor itself has a state in which the superconducting state (resistance is approximately equal to zero) and the non-superconducting state (resistance is approximately equal to the general metal), the current flowing through the superconductor can be controlled, and the critical current can be exceeded. Turn off the fault current at -_ and suppress it. Referring to the second figure, the discriminant impedance device (9) can be set as a trigger unit (22), a current limiter (23), and the current limiting unit (Μ) is electrically connected to the trigger unit (5). The trigger unit (22) is configured to fine-tune the current, and the fault signal is transmitted to the current limiting unit (23), so that the current limiting unit (23) can intervene in the electricity in a very short time, and the scale current is initially scaled. The value and the rising material, thereby reducing the fault current. - Referring to the third embodiment, which is the first embodiment of the present invention, the trigger unit (9) is a sealed ceramic tube (22a), and the current limiting unit (9) is provided in the sealed pottery tube 5 201018035 (22a The inner conductor strip (23a) 'the sealed ceramic tube (22a) is filled with dry quartz and less (22al) in the tube wall and the conductor strip (23a) is spirally arranged; the conductor strip (23a) is designed There are narrow cross sections at many points to ensure that in the event of a fault current or overcurrent accident, each point will blow at the same time and produce a high enough arc voltage to limit the expected peak fault current to a small value. Referring to FIG. 4, which is a second embodiment of the present invention, the trigger unit (22) is a fast switch (22b), and the current limiting unit (23) is a fuse (23b) capable of carrying a ❹ High rated current, but without the ability to limit the fault current itself, the fast switch (22b) is connected in parallel with the fuse (23b); the fast switch (22b) includes an energy storage device (22b 1) > pulse transformer (?2b2) and a bursting frame (22b3), the pulse transformer (22b2) is connected to the energy storage device (22b1) to an electrical circuit, and the bursting frame (22b3) is connected to the energy storage device (22b1) The power circuit is such that the pulse transformer (22 b2) can be long: the power supply can be supplied to the energy storage device (22bi), and the energy storage device (22Μ) provides power to turn on the burst frame (22b3). When the burst (22b3) is turned on, current can continue to flow through the fuse (23b) within 〇5 ms and interrupt the current at the next voltage zero. Referring to the fifth (a) and fifth (b) diagrams, in the third embodiment of the present invention, the trigger unit (22) is a non-linear bypass circuit (22c), and the current limiting unit (23) A linear reactor (Bel) is connected in series with a capacitor (23c2), the trigger unit (n) is connected in parallel with the current limiting unit (23); the voltage drop generated by the linear reactor (23cl) is connected by 忒 series The capacitor (23c2) is eliminated and the capacitor (23C2) is connected in parallel with a non-linear bypass circuit (22c) that does not operate under normal load conditions. When the fault occurs, the function of the non-linear bypass circuit (22c) terminates the series resonance, and the current limiting unit (23) of 6 201018035 can limit the fault current, and after the fault is eliminated, can resume normal operation. In order to take care of the collection of money, _ compliant with the requirements of the transient response at the time of the transfer, the improved circuit is added. The improved circuit does not reflect the original basic circuit action, but ensures that the reaction speed is fast enough and can be avoided. The subharmonic resonance instability caused by the combination of the series capacitor (10) 2). Referring to the sixth embodiment, in the fourth embodiment of the present invention, the trigger unit (22) is a primary side coil (22dl) of a transformer and a superconducting coil (22d2), and the current limiting unit (23) is A core (23d) 'the core (23d) is disposed between the primary side coil (22di) and a superconducting coil (22d2). Since the inductive light-closing phenomenon occurs between the line and the superconductor, during normal operation, the magnetic force of the primary side coil (mystery) is offset by the current induced on the superconducting coil (22d2). The impedance of the fault current limiter (2) is very low, but during a fault condition, this equilibrium state is broken, ie the superconductor is no longer able to shield the core (23d) 'as if a high impedance is inserted in the protected line. Referring to the seventh embodiment, in the fifth embodiment of the present invention, the trigger unit (22) is a bidirectional semiconductor switch (22e), and the current limiting unit (23) is a current limiting impedance (reactor) (23e). The bidirectional semiconductor switch (22e) is connected in parallel with the current limiting impedance (reactor) (23e). The bidirectional semiconductor switch (22e) includes two power electronic switches such as GT〇s (^ate Tum-off Thyristors) for reverse parallel connection, and a parallel surge absorber (ZnO varistor) (22el). In order to improve the overvoltage caused by the switching of the bidirectional semiconductor switch (22e), a transient improvement circuit for limiting the initial rise rate and magnitude of the transient voltage across the line of the bidirectional semiconductor switch (22e) is added. When a fault is detected, the bidirectional semiconductor switch (22e) will change from the normal conducting state to the open state 201018035 state, at which time the fault current is diverted to the current limiting impedance (reactor) (23e) that limits the fault current. Since the fault current limiter (2) is composed of semiconductor components that can interrupt the fault current before the fault current reaches a peak value, most of the solid-state components that can be automatically commutated, such as Gate Commutated Thyristors (GCTs), can be used. Turn-off thyristors (GTOs) or insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs), etc., in principle, thyristors and commutation circuits can also be used. The operation time of the rectifier thyristors is very short, usually only a few microseconds. Suitable for use in marine power systems. Referring to FIG. 8 , a sixth embodiment of the present invention, the discriminating impedance device (21) is a PTC resistor (21a), and the PTC resistor (21a) is connected in series with a load switch, and the PTC resistor (21a) is only Very obvious positive temperature coefficient of resistance effect, the main characteristics are low resistance at low temperatures and high resistance at high temperatures. If the fault occurs, the fault current will heat the PTC t resistance (2la), from the conduction cooling state to the insulation high temperature state. Because of its high resistance at high temperature, it can limit the current first, then suppress to zero, and the PTC resistor ( 21a) Can endure the time set for the response. The fault current limiter (2) must be connected in series with the PTC resistor (21a) and the parallel complex varistor (ie, the resistance with voltage variation) if the actual value of the fault is limited. ) to facilitate control of the voltage across these resistors. Referring to the ninth (8) and ninth, in the seventh embodiment of the present invention, the trigger unit (22) is a side short circuit current unit (22g), and the current limiting unit (9) includes a mechanical contact (2). Sleeve, - commutation rectification path (2 brush, a load switch) and - service road tree 23g4), the configuration of the electric unit (23) is in parallel; the detection short-circuit current unit (22g), For monitoring the magnitude of the current, if there is a fault, 8 201018035 triggers the mechanical contact (23gl), and the mechanical contact (23gl) switches the still rising current to the commutation rectification path (23g2). Then, the load switch (23g3) is turned on by an electric trip mechanism (23g5), so that the short-circuit current enters the current limiting path (23g4), and the effect of suppressing the fault current is achieved. The commutation rectification path (23g2) is composed of a switch series semiconductor component (base gate commutated thyristor, diode and surge absorber) which is very fast acting as an isolating switch, and the commutation rectification path (23g2) Providing a delay time to return the mechanical contact (23gl) to a tolerable voltage, and then opening the load switch (23g3) by the electric trip mechanism (23g5) in a few hundred microseconds The current is caused to enter the current limiting path (23g4), which is a ptc resistance with a positive temperature resistivity. Therefore, the fault current can be limited before the current limiting path (23g4) is heated in a large amount, and the isolating switch is opened to isolate the semiconductor from the gradually rising voltage, and the load switch (23g3) is at the first opening time of less than half a cycle. The fault current is interrupted at zero crossing points. The delay between fault detection and current limit is less than 1 ms. Since the ship power system is equivalent to a small grid on land, the main difference is that the path between the power supply terminal (11) and the load (12) is short, the load (12) changes frequently, the power supply capacity is limited, etc. Different locations of the fault current limiter (2) installed on the ship will also have different benefits. The fault current limiter (2) is installed at the generator outlet and the primary side of the step-up transformer: limiting the fault current to suppress it under the breaker breaking capacity, compensating for the loss of the working power of the step-up transformer, and increasing system safety, And meet the design requirements of the system safety margin. Install the fault current limiter (2) between two power supply systems or the same voltage busbar 201018035: Improve the disadvantage of uneven load distribution of the transformer, and prevent the short-circuit fault current from being within the scope of the safety specification, and reduce the fault after the fault occurs. Short-circuit current, improve system operation reliability. The fault current limiter (2) is installed at the inlet of the large-capacity motor: when the shipboard system (1) fails, the effect of suppressing the fault current can be suppressed, and in normal operation, the system loss can be reduced, the operating voltage can be increased, and The motor is blocked and becomes a generator, providing a short-circuit fault current. ... Install the fault current limit H(2) in suspension!! Double-circuit the existing circuit breaker in series or replace the circuit breaker function: ° Limit the fault to suppress it under the breaking capacity of the breaking circuit, and compensate the loss of the virtual work of the transformer. And let the existing _ Lu Yan continue to operate, reduce the cost of riding on the Jingjing Road. 0 Install the fault current limiter (2) in parallel with the current limiting reactor: Protect the current limiting reactor 'when the fault occurs, no It will burn out due to excessive fault current w. The fault current limiter (2) is installed on the distribution feeder line: the instantaneous voltage drop of the distribution feeder when the fault occurs is reduced, thereby reducing the power failure area. Install the fault current limiter (2) on the main switchboard: Reduce the fault current, and choose a lower-standard switch to reduce the volume of the main distribution panel. In summary, the present invention is indeed in line with the industrial applicability, and has not been found in the publication or public use before the application, nor is it known to the public, and has non-obvious knowledge, and the requirements of the 201018035 patentable patent are patent application. The above description is a preferred embodiment of the creative industry, and all the equivalent changes made by the scope of the patent application of the present invention belong to the scope of the claim. ❹
11 201018035 【圖式簡單說明】 第一圖為本發明示意圖 第二圖為本發明之判別式阻抗裝置示意圖 第三圖為第一實施例示意圖 第四圖為第二實施例示意圖 第五(a)圖為第三實施例示意圖 第五(b)圖為第三實施例之改善電路圖 第六圖為第四實施例不意圖 〇 第七圖為第五實例示意圖 第八圖為第六實施例示意圖 第九(a)圖為第七實施例示意圖 第九(b)圖為第七實施例作動示意圖 【主要元件符號說明】 (1) 船電系統 G (11)電源供應端 (12)負載 (2) 故障電流限制器 (21) 判別式阻抗裝置 (22) 觸發單元 (23) 電流限制單元 (22a)密封陶瓷管 (23a)導體帶 12 201018035 (22al)乾石英砂 (22b)快速開關 (22M)儲能設備 (22b2)脈衝變壓器 (22b3)爆裂架 (23b)熔絲 (22c)非線性旁通電路 (23cl)線性電抗器 (23c2)電容器 (22dl)—次側線圈 (22d2)超導線圈 (23d)鐵心 (22e)雙向半導體開關 (22el)突波吸收器（ZnO變阻器） • (23e)電流限制阻抗（電抗器） ❿ （21a)PTC電阻 (21al)變阻體（即隨電壓變動的電阻) (22g)偵測短路電流單元 (23gl)機械式接點 (23g2)換向整流路徑 (23g3)負載開關 (23g4)限流路徑 (23g5)電動跳脫機構 1311 is a schematic diagram of the present invention. The first diagram is a schematic diagram of the discriminating impedance device of the present invention. The third diagram is a schematic diagram of the first embodiment. The fourth diagram is a schematic diagram of the second embodiment (a). Figure 3 is a schematic view of the third embodiment. Figure 5 is an improved circuit diagram of the third embodiment. The sixth embodiment is a fourth embodiment. The seventh embodiment is a fifth embodiment. The eighth embodiment is a sixth embodiment. Figure 9 (a) is a schematic view of the seventh embodiment. Figure 9 (b) is a schematic diagram of the operation of the seventh embodiment. [Main component symbol description] (1) Ship power system G (11) Power supply terminal (12) load (2) Fault current limiter (21) Discriminant impedance device (22) Trigger unit (23) Current limiting unit (22a) Sealed ceramic tube (23a) Conductor strip 12 201018035 (22al) Dry quartz sand (22b) fast switch (22M) storage Energy equipment (22b2) pulse transformer (22b3) bursting frame (23b) fuse (22c) non-linear bypass circuit (23cl) linear reactor (23c2) capacitor (22dl) - secondary side coil (22d2) superconducting coil (23d ) core (22e) bidirectional semiconductor switch (22el) surge absorber (ZnO rheostat) • (23e) Current limiting impedance (reactor) ❿ (21a) PTC resistor (21al) varistor (ie resistance with voltage variation) (22g) Detect short-circuit current unit (23gl) mechanical contact (23g2) Load path (23g4) load switch (23g4) current limiting path (23g5) electric trip mechanism 13