201009067 六、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係關於一種用具有高鐵及/或鈣含量的煤炭燃燒 增加燃燒室產量之方法’其係藉由降低在熱交換表面形成 炼渣之趨勢及改變熔渣特性使其易於移除。 【先前技術】 煤炭之燃燒如同其他化石燃料常常比所要求之效率低且 可能成為污染源。維持燃燒室高效操作及控制排放物之品 質係維持推動經濟所需之能量同時並保護吾等生存所需之 瘳 空氣品質的必要條件。由於效率與排放物互相關聯，且經 ,…頁示些技術解決方案彼此間相互競爭，故很難兩者兼 顧。發電廠與焚化爐之經濟營運為公眾利益，而新技術對 此工作必不可少。 燃料的選擇對減輕一些污染問題扮演重要角色，但其不 能根除該等問題。一些煤炭（例如某些阿帕拉契 (Appalachian)與伊利諾（imn〇is)盆地煙煤）在許多經濟因素 限制其他選項之為煤炭設計的工廠中相當重要。數十年 ❹ 來，該等高鐵含量煤炭形成熔渣之趨勢及熔渣之性質為燃 燒工程師與工廠操作人員的主要顧慮。存在許多會影響熔 漬之物理及化學性質的因素。例如，參見燃燒化石能 ， (Combustion Fossil Power) ’ 1991 ’ J〇seph G 如辦，pE，主編， _ 第一早，燃燒工程（Combustion Engineering)。然而，在告 今之工S ’當溶渣形成成為問題時，纟選擇低成本煤炭與 實際的能源產生經濟性之間存在折衷方案。熔逢累積係會 141631.doc 201009067 • f致熱傳減低及經常會導致為進行清洗而長期停機之問201009067 VI. Description of the Invention: [Technical Field of the Invention] The present invention relates to a method for increasing the output of a combustion chamber by burning coal with high iron and/or calcium content, which is to reduce the tendency to form slag on the heat exchange surface. And changing the slag characteristics makes it easy to remove. [Prior Art] Combustion of coal, like other fossil fuels, is often less efficient than required and can be a source of pollution. Maintaining efficient operation of the combustion chamber and controlling emissions are essential to maintaining the energy needed to drive the economy while protecting the air quality required for our survival. Since efficiency and emissions are interrelated, and the pages show that these technical solutions compete with each other, it is difficult to balance the two. The economic operation of power plants and incinerators is in the public interest, and new technologies are essential to this work. The choice of fuel plays an important role in mitigating some pollution problems, but it cannot eradicate these problems. Some coals (such as some Appalachian and imn〇is basin bituminous coals) are important in many industries where economic factors limit other options for coal design. For decades, the trend of these high-iron content coals forming slag and the nature of slag have been a major concern for combustion engineers and plant operators. There are many factors that affect the physical and chemical properties of the melt. For example, see Combustion Fossil Power, '1991 ’ J〇seph G, pE, editor, _ first early, Combustion Engineering. However, when the slag formation became a problem at the time of the work, there was a trade-off between the choice of low-cost coal and the economics of actual energy. Fusion Fractal Accumulation Society 141631.doc 201009067 • f heat transfer reduction and often lead to long-term downtime for cleaning
• 題。 J 與煤炭相關聯的-問題為會形成大量須經收集及處理的 灰^及細顆粒。該技術已使用添加劑來控制㈣的形成與 ，性質，但添加劑純就體積而言會加重所使用的固體回收系 、’统ϋ此’最佳熔渣控制經常會因固體回收系統不能有效 地移除全部必要之固體而受損。此尤其係較老舊工廠之一 籲 問題，其中增加固體收集容量並非選項。 使問題更複雜的係煤炭會由於其之組成而與添加劑起不 同的反應。通常並沒有已知公式可使用合適的添加劑以可 由固體回收設備適當處理的有效含量來解決所有不同之煤 炭、，且α物$需發現個别煤纟組合物與添加劑之方案來確 保可供應經濟的電力，同時並為有效的污染控制產生足夠 的效益。 有需要一種為改良鍋爐效率與經濟性而更有效地控钊熔 • ^查形成的改良方法’尤其係對問題燃料，例如具有使其在 ㈣形成中起增強作用之硫含量之煤炭以及具有高鐵及/ 或鈣含量之煤炭。 【發明内容】 本發明之一目的為提供一種在利用有產生熔渣傾向之燃 料的燃燒至内控制溶渣之改良技術。 另一目的為提供—種控制來於具高鐵及/或鈣含量的煤 炭之燃燒的熔渣，同時並減少化學試劑使用之方法。 另一目的為提供一種移除由於燃燒具高鐵及/或鈣含量 141631.doc 201009067 的煤炭而來之於鍋爐熱交換表面上的熔渣，同時並減少 學試劑使用之方法。 v 再另-但更特定的目的係提供—種藉由減少與移除炼潰 有關的停機量而更有效地控制炼渣之方法。 本發明-些態樣之-更特定目的為在達到上述目的之同 時改良燃燒室效率。 藉由本發明至少在其較佳態樣下達到此類及其他目的， 其提供在燃燒室燃燒具有高鐵及/或約含量的形H查之 煤炭的炫渣控制之改良方法。 在一態樣中 本發明提供一種在燃燒室内 LL 减少熔渣黏甘 性及/或膠黏性，由此降低積垢速率之方法，其包括：用 總體過量的氧氣燃燒具有高鐵及/或飼含量之形成炼渣之 煤炭；使生成之燃燒氣體在導致經由燃㈣炭所形叙炫 造冷卻的條件下移動通過熱交換設備；及在與該轨交換設 備接觸之前，以可有效降低積垢速率，及較佳地增加生成 査之脆性之量及液滴大小與濃度引人三氫氧化紹水溶 液。 任一較佳態樣中 虱氧化鋁試劑係以含水液體之形式 入’且使用計算流體力學來決定流率與選定的試劑引入 ::、試劑引入位置、試劑濃度、試劑液滴大小及/或試 劑動量。• question. J. The problem associated with coal is that it will form a large amount of ash and fine particles that must be collected and treated. This technology has used additives to control the formation and properties of (4), but the additive purity will increase the solid recovery system used in terms of volume. The best slag control is often not effectively removed by the solids recovery system. Damaged except for all necessary solids. This is especially a problem in older factories, where increasing solids collection capacity is not an option. Coal that complicates the problem will react differently to additives due to its composition. There is generally no known formula for using a suitable additive to address all of the different coals at an effective level that can be properly handled by the solids recovery equipment, and the alpha material needs to find individual coal gangue compositions and additives to ensure an economical supply. The power, while generating sufficient benefits for effective pollution control. There is a need for an improved method for more efficient control of the melting efficiency of the boiler to improve the efficiency of the boiler', especially for problematic fuels, such as coal with a sulfur content that enhances its formation in (iv) and high iron. And / or calcium content of coal. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide an improved technique for controlling slag by combustion of a fuel having a tendency to generate slag. Another object is to provide a method of controlling the slag of combustion of coal having a high iron and/or calcium content while reducing the use of chemical agents. Another object is to provide a method of removing slag from the heat exchange surface of a boiler due to the combustion of high iron and/or calcium content of 141631.doc 201009067, while reducing the use of reagents. v Another—but more specific—is a way to more effectively control refining by reducing the amount of downtime associated with removing refining. The present invention - in some aspects - is more specifically intended to improve combustion chamber efficiency while achieving the above objectives. This and other objects are attained by the present invention at least in its preferred form, which provides an improved method of controlling the slag of coal having a high iron and/or an amount of H in the combustion chamber. In one aspect, the present invention provides a method of reducing slag viscosity and/or adhesion in a combustion chamber, thereby reducing the rate of fouling, comprising: burning high iron and/or feeding with an overall excess of oxygen The content of the coal which forms the slag; the generated combustion gas is moved through the heat exchange device under the condition of causing the cooling by the burning of the carbon (four) carbon; and before the contact with the rail exchange device, the fouling can be effectively reduced The rate, and preferably the amount of brittleness generated and the size and concentration of the droplets are introduced into the aqueous solution of trisodium hydroxide. In any preferred embodiment, the cerium alumina reagent is in the form of an aqueous liquid and uses computational fluid dynamics to determine the flow rate and selected reagent introduction:: reagent introduction position, reagent concentration, reagent droplet size, and/or Reagent momentum.
式引入 在另 :較佳態樣中，連同三氫氧化銘漿液以含水聚液形 氫氧化鎂。 -態樣中’本發明提供-種用於清洗具有熔逢堆積 14163l.d〇, 201009067 之炼爐表面的方法，其係藉由以可有效使由乾燥漿液所形 成之細顆粒與存在之㈣沉積物接觸的量及液滴大小與濃 度引入三氫氧化鋁水溶液。 在另態樣中，本發明提供一種清洗與維護燃燒室之方 法，其包含起始投與約3至6磅八171/噸煤炭與約1至2磅In another preferred embodiment, together with the trihydroxide slurry, the aqueous polysilicate is used. - The method of the present invention provides a method for cleaning the surface of a refining furnace having a melting granule 14163l.d〇, 201009067, which is effective for allowing fine particles formed by the dried slurry to exist (4) The amount of deposit contact and the droplet size and concentration were introduced into an aqueous solution of aluminum trihydroxide. In another aspect, the invention provides a method of cleaning and maintaining a combustion chamber comprising initially injecting about 3 to 6 pounds of eight 171 per ton of coal and about 1 to 2 pounds.
Mg(OH)2/噸煤炭歷時一段足以減少熔渣之時間，接著減少 投與為起始值之約10至約5〇%以維持燃燒室潔淨及有效操 作的方案。 其他較佳態樣及其等之優勢在以下描述中陳述。 【實施方式】 首先參看圖1，其為本發明一實施例之簡圖。圖丨顯示一 大燃燒室10，其係用於產生發電用蒸汽、製程蒸汽、加熱 或焚化之類型。煤炭經燃燒器2〇與2〇a供料而在燃燒帶以 中藉由空氣燃燒。本發明之一優勢為煤炭係高鐵（例如， 基於灰分的重量並以ρ>2〇3表示，鐵含量大於約15%，例 如，從約2 0至3 5 %)及/或約含量（例如，基於灰分的重量並 以Ca0表示’鈣含量大於5%，例如’從約1〇至25%)。本發 明另一優勢為即使煤炭具有大量硫含量，例如，超過約 1 %及在約3至約5%範圍内’亦可有效地控制熔渣。此處， 及在全篇說明中，所有份數與百分比係按重量計。 燃燒用之空氣’由風扇22及通風管24供給，較佳經氣對 氣熱交換器（未顯示）預熱，該熱交換器在燃燒室出口端處 從通風管轉移熱量（未顯示）。熱的燃燒氣體上升並流動通 過熱交換器26’其將熱量從燃燒氣體轉移至水用於產生蒸 14163J.doc 201009067 汽。根據特定鍋爐之設計，亦可設置其他熱交換器，包含 節能器（位在下游且未顯示）。殘留未經處理的熔渣將傾向 . 於形成在此等熱交換器表面上，此等熱交換器表面基於對 個別位置之重要設計考慮係設置在特定的燃燒室内。本發 明之一優勢為使用模擬技術（例如計算流體力學）於起始將 處理化學試劑（尤其係經識別為對根據本發明之特定種類 煤炭有效的試劑）引導至最佳位置以降低及/或控制熔渣堆 積及維持鍋爐的有效操作。 提供一系列位於每一喷嘴庫30與30a中之適宜（較佳為空 籲 氣輔助霧化）之喷嘴，其用於分別從貯器4〇與4〇a中引入單 獨的二氫氧化鋁或連同氫氧化鎂漿液。ATH與氫氧化鎂兩 者較佳係適當地為水溶液、漿液及/或溶液。在圖中供料 線（如41)係以雙線顯示。閥（如42)係以常用符號（_)表示， 而溫度感測器（如44)係以常用符號（|)表示。閥42與溫度感 測器44兩者經由以虛線顯示之電導線（如48)與控制器私連 接。此等閥、溫度感測器與導線僅係例示性，技術工作者 使用本文概述之原則當可策略性地設置其等以提供適宜的 ❹ 控制信號與回應。該控制器46可為與具有前饋及反饋特徵 之預定控制方案協調程式化的通用數位電腦。 根據本發明已發現可有效地大大減少熔渣之沉積或從棘 手的煤炭類型清洗沉積熔渣的三氫氧化鋁（A1(〇H)3)亦知有 諸如ATH、氫氧化鋁與水合氧化鋁之其他名稱。無論三氫 氧化銘原料之形式為何，最好將其與水混合以從貯器如通 過相關管線41引入達到適於儲存與處理之濃度（有或無化 141631.doc 201009067 • 學安定劑）’例如按重量計為至少約25%，及較佳至少約 65%固體。 如將描述，濃度與流率將由模擬初步決定，以確保以合 適的物理形式將適量之化學言式劑供應於燃燒室内之合適位 , i，以獲得減少、誠形成與使淨化容易之期望結果。為使 用於方法中，如（例如藉由計算流體力學（CFD))所決定， 、 將其稀釋至約（M至約10%之範圍内，更嚴格地為W至約 φ 5/〇。虽二氫氧化鋁水溶液在燃燒室内與熱氣體接觸時， 據信其經減小為極小顆粒，例如奈米尺寸顆粒（如小於2〇〇 奈米且較佳小於約⑽奈米）。5〇至約15〇奈来之中間粒度 係本發明方法之有用範圍。為接近於此大小，重要的係連 同水引人ATH。據信該等小顆粒會瓦解形成―般晶 體或玻璃。無論所涉及之機制為何，本發明之一顯著優勢 為形成的熔渣極其脆性且可用刷輕易破壞及可用手壓碎。 本發月之重要優勢為形成熔渣的脆性增加，而使其更 • 易去除。本發明亦減緩或除去熔渣之堆積。有利地，在高 劑量下’本發明實際上可去除已形成之熔渣。術語「增加 溶漁之脆性」意指處理後的溶渣較在相同情況下形成而未 經處理之炼逢每單位面積需要更少的力來壓碎。術語「去 除溶，查」冑指黏附於鋼爐（尤其係熱交換器）表面的溶查重 ΐ精由本發明之處理從起始值降低。本發明有若干額外及 補充的優勢，包含減少高硫煤炭之s〇s、減少通過熱交換 設備的壓降、可使用較低成本煤炭、較低c〇生成、校少 因增加燃料消耗所致之c〇2生成、較佳熱傳、較少停機時 141631.doc 201009067 * 二Γ、輸㈣、線上清洗、較乾淨的熱交換表面、可清 正‘然燒至及可以較大效率在全負荷下運行。 針對大多㈣炭之方法以細與氫氧化鎂之組 好。雖然可燃燒某竑煤 實12•取 少因熔淺引起的門題 夕酸鹽組合物)而減 產少開始時較佳使用氫氧化鎖。 氣氧化试劑可動;彳去r A . 來自地他鹽類之鹽水（其通常 或海水）製得。將白雲質石灰與此等鹽水 化：。场成氯化鈣溶液，然後從溶液中沉澱及過濾出氫氧 '。可將此形式之氫氧化鎮與水混合（有或無安定劑）達 到適於儲存與處理之：建# 处理之濃度，例如25至65重量％固體。為使 用於方法中，如葬由士+曾4_ 藉由冲异流體力學（CFD)所決定，將其稀 釋至0·1至10%範圍内争载 固内更嚴格地為1至5¾。當其在燃燒室 内與排出物接觸時，據信其經減至奈米尺寸顆粒，例如小 於200不米及較佳小於約1〇〇奈米。5〇至約m奈米之中間 粒度係本發明方法之有用範圍。在有必要或有須要之情況 I亦可使用其他形式之Mg〇，例如當可以期望粒度範圍取 得時，可使用「輕燒（lightburn)」或「苛性」。 為更好地獲仔此類效果，本發明將較佳利用cfd來計畫 t始流率及敎起始試劑引人速率、試#1引人位置、試劑 濃度、試劑液滴大小及試劑動量。CFD係一門已充分理解 之科學，及其以全部益處用於需要供應最小量之化學試劑 以達到最大功效之情況下。 應指出低於化學計量之化學試劑的量就影響熔渣之熔點 而<=·極其重要，通常認為其係、溶渣控制中之控制因素。根 141631.doc -10- 201009067 據本發明，除使用相對少量之試劑以外，有很好的證據說 明本發明之結果起因於溶渣形成之物理破壞與未經文獻解 釋之可能的邊界化學及動力學效應。 實驗顯示，可利用由CFD所決定之起始進料速率而得良 好的效果，然後基於觀察結果對其作調整。供進料速率作 參考，對燃燒室進行類似於以下一範例之操作達到最好經 濟!·生之起始進料速率可高達約6^ath(以乾燥活性八现或 時（乂 65 70 /。衆液）/B頓煤炭。例如，當以較佳之裝液 加入時，約1至約6碎衆液之量將有效（更嚴格言之，例如 勺2至約3碎漿液）。最好亦使用高達約2碌Mg(〇H)2漿液（約 50-60/〇固體）/嘴煤炭。例如，當以較佳6〇%之讓液加入 時，可利用約0.5至約2磅Mg(〇H)2漿液/噸煤炭之量（例知約 0.7至約1磅Mg(〇H)2漿液/噸煤炭）。視需要將漿液稀釋1 一 般用於較小應用之約5%至約35%或更多之固體濃度。 黏附於燃燒室（尤其係熱交換器）表面的熔渣重量藉白本 發明之處理有效地從起始值降低，尤其係當ath與 Mg(OH)2係以在上述範圍内之高濃度下使用時，例如約^ 至6碎ATH/噸煤炭及約1至2磅]^§(〇11)2/噸煤炭。此去除熔 渣之能力提供供應一種清洗與維護方案之能力，該方案中 起始投與係如方才關於去除熔渣所提，然後將該投與減至 起始值之約10至約50°/。以維持燃燒室清潔及有效操作。 對於根據本發明之最佳熔渣矯正，必須對三氫氧彳匕銘 (與較佳視需要的氫氧化鎂）之有效物理形式計算及使用將 引入至室20内的熱燃燒氣體中之合適的起始濃度、速率與 141631.doc 201009067 引入速率，以使加入之化學試劑能達到期望效果。對本發 明實行CFD可如Smyrniotis等人在美國專利第7 162 96〇號 中所提出而完成。可使用顆粒去除設備（未顯示）以在排出 物通過煙_之前去除顆粒。 在本發明之另一替代形式中，可將燃燒觸媒及/或排出 物處理化學試劑加入至燃料、燃燒區或其他處，例如 Smyrniotis等人在美國專利第7，162,96〇號中所述。 以下實例經呈現以進一步解釋及闡釋本發明，不應將其The Mg(OH)2/ton of coal lasts for a period of time sufficient to reduce the slag, and then reduces the contribution to about 10 to about 5% of the initial value to maintain clean and efficient operation of the combustion chamber. Other preferred aspects and advantages thereof are set forth in the following description. [Embodiment] Referring first to Figure 1, there is shown a simplified diagram of an embodiment of the present invention. The figure shows a large combustion chamber 10 which is used to generate steam for power generation, process steam, heating or incineration. The coal is combusted by the burners 2〇 and 2〇a and burned by air in the combustion zone. One of the advantages of the present invention is that coal-based high iron (e.g., based on ash weight and expressed as ρ > 2 〇 3, iron content greater than about 15%, for example, from about 20 to 35 percent) and/or about (e.g., Based on the weight of the ash and expressed as Ca0 'the calcium content is greater than 5%, such as 'from about 1 to 25%. Another advantage of the present invention is that the slag can be effectively controlled even if the coal has a large sulfur content, for example, in excess of about 1% and in the range of from about 3 to about 5%. Here, and throughout the description, all parts and percentages are by weight. The combustion air is supplied by a fan 22 and a vent tube 24, preferably preheated by a gas-to-air heat exchanger (not shown) which transfers heat from the vent tube at the outlet end of the combustion chamber (not shown). The hot combustion gases rise and flow through heat exchanger 26' which transfers heat from the combustion gases to the water for steam generation. Other heat exchangers, including economizers (located downstream and not shown), can also be provided depending on the design of the particular boiler. Residual untreated slag will tend to be formed on the surface of such heat exchangers, and such heat exchanger surfaces are placed in a particular combustion chamber based on important design considerations for individual locations. One advantage of the present invention is the use of simulation techniques (e.g., computational fluid dynamics) to initially direct processing chemicals (especially those identified as being effective for a particular type of coal in accordance with the present invention) to an optimal position to reduce and/or Control slag buildup and maintain efficient operation of the boiler. Providing a series of suitable (preferably air-assisted assisted atomization) nozzles in each of the nozzle reservoirs 30 and 30a for introducing separate aluminum hydroxide or aluminum hydroxide from the reservoirs 4〇 and 4〇a, respectively Together with the magnesium hydroxide slurry. Preferably, both ATH and magnesium hydroxide are suitably aqueous solutions, slurries and/or solutions. In the figure, the supply line (such as 41) is displayed in double lines. Valves (such as 42) are represented by the common symbol (_), while temperature sensors (such as 44) are represented by the common symbol (|). Both valve 42 and temperature sensor 44 are privately coupled to the controller via electrical leads (e.g., 48) shown in phantom. These valves, temperature sensors, and wires are merely illustrative, and the skilled artisan can strategically set them to provide appropriate control signals and responses using the principles outlined herein. The controller 46 can be a general purpose digital computer that is programmed to coordinate with a predetermined control scheme having feedforward and feedback characteristics. It has been found in accordance with the present invention that aluminum hydride (A1(〇H)3) which is effective in greatly reducing the deposition of slag or from the thorny coal type cleaning deposition slag is also known, such as ATH, aluminum hydroxide and hydrated alumina. Other names. Regardless of the form of the material, it is preferred to mix it with water to introduce it from the reservoir, such as through the associated line 41, to a concentration suitable for storage and handling (with or without 141631.doc 201009067 • learning stabilizer) For example, at least about 25% by weight, and preferably at least about 65% solids. As will be described, the concentration and flow rate will be initially determined by simulation to ensure that the appropriate amount of chemical agent is supplied to the appropriate location in the combustion chamber in a suitable physical form, i to achieve the desired result of reduced, honesty and ease of purification. . For use in the process, as determined, for example, by computational fluid dynamics (CFD), it is diluted to about (M to about 10%, more strictly W to about φ 5 / 〇. When the aqueous aluminum dihydroxide solution is contacted with hot gases in the combustion chamber, it is believed to be reduced to very small particles, such as nano-sized particles (e.g., less than 2 nanometers and preferably less than about (10) nanometers). The intermediate particle size of about 15 〇 is the useful range of the method of the invention. To be close to this size, the important line together with water attracts ATH. It is believed that these small particles will collapse to form a crystal or glass. Regardless of the mechanism involved. Why, one of the significant advantages of the present invention is that the slag formed is extremely brittle and can be easily broken by a brush and can be crushed by hand. An important advantage of this month is that the brittleness of the slag is increased, making it easier to remove. It also slows or removes the accumulation of slag. Advantageously, the present invention actually removes the formed slag at high doses. The term "increasing the brittleness of the fish" means that the treated slag is formed under the same conditions. Untreated Less force per unit area is required for crushing. The term "removing the melt, checking" refers to the dissolution of the surface of the steel furnace (especially the heat exchanger) by the treatment of the present invention from the initial value. The invention has several additional and complementary advantages, including reducing s〇s of high-sulfur coal, reducing pressure drop through heat exchange equipment, using lower cost coal, lower c〇 generation, and reducing fuel consumption due to increased fuel consumption. C〇2 generation, better heat transfer, less downtime 141631.doc 201009067 * Two turns, loss (four), on-line cleaning, cleaner heat exchange surface, can be cleaned and can be more efficient under full load For the majority (four) charcoal method, it is better to combine with magnesium hydroxide. Although it can burn a certain coal, it is better to use less than the melting of the door. Hydroxide lock. The gas oxidizing agent is mobile; r r A. is obtained from the salt of the sulphate (usually or seawater). The dolomitic lime is salted with this: The field forms a calcium chloride solution, which is then precipitated from the solution and filtered out of hydrogen oxygen. This form of hydroxide can be mixed with water (with or without a stabilizer) to a concentration suitable for storage and handling: for example, from 25 to 65% by weight solids. In order to be used in the method, such as the burial by the singularity of the fluid (CFD), it is diluted to a range of 0. 1 to 10% and the content is more strictly 1 to 53⁄4. When it is in contact with the effluent in the combustion chamber, it is believed to be reduced to nanometer sized particles, such as less than 200 mils and preferably less than about 1 mil. Between 5 〇 and about m nm The particle size is a useful range of the method of the invention. Other forms of Mg can also be used where necessary or necessary. For example, "lightburn" or "caustic" can be used when the desired particle size range can be obtained. In order to better obtain such effects, the present invention will preferably use cfd to calculate the t-flow rate and the rate of initiation of the reagent, the position of the test #1, the reagent concentration, the reagent droplet size, and the reagent momentum. . CFD is a well-understood science and its full benefit is used where minimal amounts of chemical reagents are needed to achieve maximum efficacy. It should be noted that the amount of the chemical agent below the stoichiometric amount affects the melting point of the slag and is extremely important, and is generally considered to be a controlling factor in the control of the slag. Root 141631.doc -10- 201009067 In accordance with the present invention, in addition to the use of relatively small amounts of reagents, there is good evidence that the results of the present invention result from physical destruction of slag formation and possible boundary chemistry and power without literature interpretation. Learning effect. Experiments have shown that good results can be obtained using the initial feed rate determined by CFD and then adjusted based on observations. For the feed rate as a reference, it is best to carry out the operation of the combustion chamber similar to the following example! The initial feed rate can be as high as about 6^ath (for dry activity or current time (乂65 70 /众液) / B顿煤. For example, when added with a preferred liquid, the amount of about 1 to about 6 pieces of liquid will be effective (more strictly speaking, such as scoop 2 to about 3 pulp). Up to about 2 Mg (〇H) 2 slurry (about 50-60 / 〇 solids) / mouth coal is also used. For example, when preferably 6% by weight of the liquid is added, about 0.5 to about 2 pounds of Mg can be utilized. (〇H) 2 slurry / ton of coal (for example, about 0.7 to about 1 lb of Mg (〇H) 2 slurry / ton of coal). Dilute the slurry as needed 1 is generally used for small applications of about 5% to about Solids concentration of 35% or more. The weight of the slag adhered to the surface of the combustion chamber (especially the heat exchanger) is effectively reduced from the initial value by the treatment of the invention, especially when the ath and Mg(OH) 2 systems When used at a high concentration within the above range, for example, about -6 to AH/ton of coal and about 1 to 2 lbs of § (〇11) 2 per ton of coal. This ability to remove slag provides a cleaning service. The ability of the maintenance program, in which the initial dosage is to be removed with respect to the removal of the slag, and then the reduction is reduced to about 10 to about 50° of the initial value to maintain clean and efficient operation of the combustion chamber. For optimum slag correction in accordance with the present invention, it is necessary to calculate and use the effective physical form of the hydrazine (and preferably the preferred magnesium hydroxide) for use in the hot combustion gases to be introduced into the chamber 20. The initial concentration, rate, and the introduction rate of 141631.doc 201009067, so that the added chemical reagent can achieve the desired effect. The implementation of the CFD of the present invention can be accomplished as proposed by Smyrniotis et al. in U.S. Patent No. 7,162,096. A particle removal device (not shown) is used to remove the particles before the effluent passes through the smoke. In another alternative form of the invention, the combustion catalyst and/or effluent treatment chemistry can be added to the fuel, combustion zone or other For example, Smyrniotis et al. are described in U.S. Patent No. 7,162,96. The following examples are presented to further explain and explain the present invention and should not be
在任何方面視為限制性》除非特別指明，否則所有的份數 與百分比皆按重量計。 實例1 本實例說明在每天燃燒540噸煤炭之熔爐内引入三氫氧 化紹。煤炭為伊利諾盆地與阿帕拉契煙煤之混合物，其組 合之分析如下： ---- 樣品 — 1 2 3 水分，％ 11.28 10.85 10.19 灰分，％ 14.91 13.63 13.91 揮發物，％ 36.03 35.04 固定炭，％ 39.49 40.86 總5十，％ 100 ~Ϊ00 _ 硫，％ 3.95 ~4Μ HHV, BTU/lb 1 10,742 — 10,730 對於實驗’將Α1(〇Η)3(三氫氧化鋁漿液或簡稱ATH)以70 重量/。含水漿液以5碎漿液/嘲消耗煤炭之速率從三個空氣 冷卻噴嘴之兩庫進料，該三個空氣冷卻噴嘴係位在與粉煤 燃燒器之兩庫相對之壁上，粉煤燃燒器之一庫位在兩個燃In all respects, it is considered as a limitation. All parts and percentages are by weight unless otherwise specified. Example 1 This example illustrates the introduction of trihydrogenation into a furnace that burns 540 tons of coal per day. The coal is a mixture of the Illinois Basin and the Appalachian bituminous coal. The combination of the samples is as follows: ---- Sample - 1 2 3 Moisture, % 11.28 10.85 10.19 Ash, % 14.91 13.63 13.91 Volatile, % 36.03 35.04 Fixed charcoal, % 39.49 40.86 total 50,% 100 ~Ϊ00 _ sulfur,% 3.95 ~4Μ HHV, BTU/lb 1 10,742 — 10,730 For the experiment 'put 〇Η1(〇Η)3 (aluminum sulphate slurry or ATH for short) to 70 weight /. The aqueous slurry is fed from two reservoirs of three air-cooled nozzles at a rate of 5 slurries/minus consumption of coal, the three air-cooled nozzles being positioned on opposite walls of the pulverized coal burner, the pulverized coal burner One of the positions in the two burning
141631.doc -12- 201009067 . 燒器中間之高度而另一庫位在最上面之煤炭燃燒器之上方 • 高度。將漿液稀釋至35重量％ ATH之濃度。稀釋前Α7Ή衆 液之密度約為14磅/加侖，意指ατη漿液之進料速率約為 193加侖每天（約5磅/噸煤炭）。 .基於本實驗，估計此特定燃燒室之有效進料速率將為約 1至約6碎ΑΤΗ漿液/嘲煤炭，例如約2至約3時/〇镇。 w 實例2 籲 本實例說明除於實例1中進料的三氫氧化鋁以外，再在 每天燃燒540噸煤炭之熔爐内引入Mg(〇H)2(氫氧化鎂）之作 用。煤炭為如於實例1令所述之伊利諾盆地與阿帕拉契煙 煤之混合物。 將氫氧化鎂以漿液以2磅50至60重量❶/。漿液/噸消耗煤炭 進料。氫氧化鎂漿液之密度大約為12磅/加侖。因比， Mg(〇H)2漿液之進料速率為約9〇加侖每天。如前，吾人以 約5磅漿液/噸消耗煤炭進料三氫氧化鋁漿液^ ath密度約 • 為14磅7加侖，其使ΑΤΗ進料速率約為193加侖每天。 基於此實驗，吾人估計此特定燃燒室達到最大經濟性之 最佳進料速率為約0.5至約2賴g(〇H)2篥液/啼煤炭（例如約 1磅/嘲）加上約1至約6碎ATH漿液/嘲（例如約2至約3碎/ 噸）。圖2為僅ATH進料24小時操作後獲得之炫渣樣品之照 片。熔渣出乎意料的脆性。 上述說明書之目的為傳授__般技術者如何實踐本發明。 不希望詳述所有彼類明顯的修改與變化，其對讀過本說明 書的技術工作者將係明顯可見。然而希望所有該類明顯的 14163I.doc -13- 201009067 修改與變化係包含於由以下申請專利範圍所定義之本發明 之範内。除非文中另作明確的相反指示，否則申請專利 範圍意欲涵蓋可有效達到所希望目的之以任意順序存在之 所主張之組件與步驟。 【圖式簡單說明】 當結合附圖閱讀以上的詳細說明時，可更好地理解本發 明及其之優勢將變得更加明顯，其中： 圖1為本發明之一實施例之簡圖； 圖2為如以上實例2所提出在將三氫氧化鋁引入至用高鐵含 量煤厌操作的燃燒室内操作24小時後所得熔渣樣品之照片。 【主要元件符號說明】 10 燃燒室 20 、 20a 燃燒器 21 燃燒帶 22 風扇 24 通風管 26 熱交換器 30 、 30a 噴嘴庫 40 、 40a 貯器 41 供料線 42 閥 44 溫度感測器 46 控制器 48 電導線 141631.doc141631.doc -12- 201009067 . The height in the middle of the burner and the other location above the top coal burner • Height. The slurry was diluted to a concentration of 35% by weight ATH. The density of the liquid before dilution is about 14 lbs/gal, which means that the feed rate of the ατη slurry is about 193 gallons per day (about 5 lbs/ton of coal). Based on this experiment, it is estimated that the effective feed rate for this particular combustion chamber will range from about 1 to about 6 mash slurry / taunt coal, for example from about 2 to about 3 hours. w Example 2 This example illustrates the introduction of Mg(〇H) 2 (magnesium hydroxide) in a furnace that burns 540 tons of coal per day in addition to the aluminum trihydrate fed in Example 1. The coal is a mixture of the Illinois Basin and the Appalachian coal as described in Example 1. The magnesium hydroxide is slurried at 2 pounds 50 to 60 weights per liter. Slurry / ton consumes coal feed. The magnesium hydroxide slurry has a density of approximately 12 lbs/gal. In contrast, the Mg(〇H)2 slurry feed rate is about 9 gallons per day. As before, we consumed about 5 pounds of slurry per ton of coal to feed the aluminum trihydroxide slurry. The ath density was about 14 pounds and 7 gallons, which resulted in a feed rate of about 193 gallons per day. Based on this experiment, we estimate that the optimum feed rate for this particular combustion chamber to achieve maximum economics is from about 0.5 to about 2 g (〇H) 2 篥 liquid / 啼 coal (for example, about 1 lb / ridicule) plus about 1 Up to about 6 pieces of ATH slurry / taunt (for example, about 2 to about 3 pieces / ton). Figure 2 is a photograph of a dross sample obtained after only 24 hours of ATH feed. The slag is unexpectedly brittle. The purpose of the above description is to teach the general practitioner how to practice the invention. It is not intended to detail all of the obvious modifications and variations of the subject, which will be apparent to those skilled in the art. It is to be understood, however, that all such obvious modifications and variations are contained within the scope of the invention as defined by the scope of the following claims. Unless otherwise expressly stated to the contrary, the scope of the claims is intended to cover the claimed components and steps in any order that can effectively achieve the desired. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The present invention and its advantages will become more apparent from the detailed description of the appended claims. 2 is a photograph of the slag sample obtained after the introduction of the aluminum trihydroxide into the combustion chamber operated with the high iron content coal anion for 24 hours as proposed in Example 2 above. [Main component symbol description] 10 Combustion chamber 20, 20a Burner 21 Combustion zone 22 Fan 24 Ventilation pipe 26 Heat exchanger 30, 30a Nozzle bank 40, 40a Reservoir 41 Supply line 42 Valve 44 Temperature sensor 46 Controller 48 electric wire 141631.doc