201008081 九、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係有關一種偵測與顯示電動機運轉效率方法與裝置， 尤指一種使用一個簡單方法與裝置安裝在電動機上，來即時監視 電動機效率可以幫助使用者或設備維護者即時判斷出異常之電動 機，針對異常電動機可以進一步使用較精準之儀器設備量測以確 定問題並改善或解決問題，避免電費不合理消耗甚至電動機故障 造成生產中斷。 【先前技術】 按，一般而言電動機（例如：馬達）運轉是否在高效率區， 決定電動機使用電費成本，應將電動機操作點保持於高效率區， 甚至在最大效率區，如itt電動機即可以較小的電能發揮最大功 率，長時間運作時就可省下一筆可觀的電費，既能降低使用成本， 亦能節約能源。多數電動機在額定負載50%〜100%間運轉，此區塊 運轉效率較高，但最佳效率通常是在負載75%附近，在負載低於25% # 附近時，電動機效率就明顯降低。而電動機超過額定負載時，將 會造成電動機過熱、降低使用壽命及效率損失的影響，故不可不 慎。 習知判斷電動機負載可使用輸入功率量測方法，其判斷的步驟 為：第一，使用功率、電流量測儀器來界定用在電動機上的負載； 第二，由製造商或查表獲得近似的負載，但也可直接讀取功率量 測值，同時以電動機終端功率量測和部分負载公式導出修正後之 負載值。使用這二種方式判斷電動機負載需要專門儀器與專業知 識，一般設備操作使用者皆無法輕易了解與使用。並且於實際使 201008081 用時，必須利用許多儀器來㈣測工作，因此會浪耗費許多時間， 亦不符合經濟效益。 —般市售電動機皆未輯運轉效率的量測或,顯示裝置，使用 f若欲知道電動機狀態，則需要外加電流勾表以量測電動 =或使料力相量測輸人瓦特值，習知_馬達的方法，嗜 參考中華民國專利申請案號第762()7794號，『具有速度指示裝置 Γ:型專利，其係為一具有速度偵測裝置，並無馬 、U之功此 ’因此無法顯示馬達於運轉時的效率狀態。 再者’-座讀可能有許乡馬朝_射，㈣者 維護者，無法常態性在每個馬達系統安裝昂責的儀器，來^ 達運轉狀況，所以，馬❹、統是否運轉於 ^ 備維護者無法立即知道，且能源成本一直高漲，電費也t漸 如何降低電費U廠節省成本之重要方向轉 工廠主要耗電，節省電費是本創作之主要目的，、運轉-備佔 【發明内容】 示電==所述習知技藝的缺失，本發明為-種偵測與顯 =動機運轉效率方法與裝置，主要目的為使用—個簡單方法盘 ::裝在電動機上，來即時監視電動機效率可以幫助使用者； 叹備維護者即時騎出異常之電動機，針對異 或 理消杯，^ 傷量測以確定問題並改善或解決電力不合 或是電動機故障造成生產中斷等問題。 一目的在於可適用於各種電動機，例如:馬達、 屢機、泵浦專。當前述電動機等空 提供即時_與顯示，避免空載·_動機電r小，本發明可 201008081 為達上述目的，一種偵測與顯示電動機運轉效率裝置，其係 連接於一電動機上’其係包括有： 一整流放大電路，與電動機輸入端連接，以測得電流並加以整 流放大； 一比較器，與整流放大電路相連接以獲得一電流值，該電流值 再與一預定電流值相比較，且輸出其比較結果；以及 一警不裝置，接收該比較器的比較結果，以顯示該比較器的比 較結果。 ❹ 為進步對本發明有更深入的說明，乃藉由以下圖示、圖號 說明及發明詳細說明，冀能_ f審查委員於審查工作有所助益。 【實施方式】 兹配合下列之圖式說明本發明之詳細結構，及其連結關係， 以利於貴審委做一瞭解。 # 本發明為一個簡易之電動機（例如：馬達）效率指示裝置， 無需使用-般市售複雜昂貴之測試儀器，操作使用者可直接 +發明所揭露之警示裝置，即可初步判斷電動機操作運轉狀況， 並可即時作出反應，設備維護者毋需使用複雜儀器，即可初 斷電動機負載、效率狀況，當發現電動機有異常現象時，可以進 -步使用電流勾表或電力計等複㈣貴之絲進—步確 狀況。前述電動機為可為馬達、空壓機、抽/排風機或果料機 電動機運轉是否在高效率區，決定電動機使用電費成本，膚 ^電動機操作點鱗於高效㈣，甚至在最纽率區如^ 機即可以較小的電能發揮最大功率，長相運作時就可= 201008081 -可觀的電費，既能降低使用成本，亦能節約能源， 請參閲圖二所示，本發明為一個簡易之偵測與顯示電動機運 轉效率裝置，可以安裝在電動機内部接線盒内與電動機一體，該 偵測與顯示電動機運轉效率裝置可量測電動機電流大小，由電流 大小可以相對知道電動機負載大小，由電動機負载大小可以推測 知道電動機運轉效率，並使用一個或一個以上之比較器，即可判 斷出電動機運作在哪―個效率區，當電動機運轉在低效率區時， 就輸出信號或使-警示裝置（例如：利用一發光二極體（LED)點 魯亮或閃爍）作動，提醒使用者或維護者做改善的動作，當電動機 運轉在南效率區時，就停止輸出信號或使發光二極體熄滅，當電 動機運轉超出負載上限（例如_負載），就輸出信號或使發光二 極體點亮或閃爍，提醒使用者或維護者做改善的動作。 本發明於偵測時不需精確量測電流大小，只需概略知道電流 相對大小，即可依此判斷電動機效率大小，故為一個簡易、便宜 及有效之方法與裝置。 相時參_〜、二所示m籠式感應電動機負載與 電動機電流關係圖及鼠籠式感應電動機負載百分比與效率關係 圖’其中圖-之X座標代表全負載百分比；¥座標代表負載率。圖 二之X座標代表負載率；γ座標代表效率（％)。由二圖可得知偵 測電動機電流值即可獲得電動機相對負載值，由電動機相對負載 值又可獲付電動機效率’所以由電動機電流值可以獲得電動機效 率相對值’不需知道絕對之電流大小，只需㈣電流相對大小， 此即本發㈣輕流放大電路及比較时侧獲得㈣機運轉效 率之主要理論依據。 °月參閱圖二所不，係為本發明之偵測與顯示電動機運轉效率 201008081 裝置應用於三相馬達之第一實施例圖，其中該三相電動機丨係為一 三相馬達，本發明係於將一整流放大電路2與三相電動機丨之三相 線路其中一輸入端（利用環形線圈21來偵測電流值）連接，以測 得電流並加以整流放大，該整流放大電路2係可為電阻（R)、電 感（L)及電容（C)組合放大器電路所構成，或是由電阻（趵及 電容（c)組合放大器電路所構成，因可達成整流放大電路2的技 術手段極多，故例舉一、二做為達成目的的必要手段，舉凡所有 可做為整流放大的電路，皆為本發明之保護範圍；再利用第一、 β二比㈣（3、4)與整流放大電路2相連接讀得-電流值，該電 流值再與第一預定電流值31及第二預定電流值32相比較，其令該 第一預定電流值31為一過載值，而第二預定電流值32為一低效率 值且輸出該一比較器（3、4)比較結果，該第一比較器3或第二 比較器4係為運算放大器（0perat丨〇η ΑΜρ )、電晶體（化加8丨s t〇r) 及微控制單元（Micro Control Unit)之其中一者所構成，因可 達成比較器的電子元件的技術手段極多，故例舉一、二做為達成 目的的必要手段，舉凡所有可做為比較器的電路，皆為本發明之 保濩軏圍。該第一、二比較器（3、4)的預定電流值可以在電動 機出廠時設定，也可以在現場由使用者調整設定，更甚者為利用 可變電阻調整設定；一警示裝置5,接收該二比較器（3、4)的比 較結果，以顯示該二比較器（3、4)的比較結果，該警示裴置5可 為發光二極體（LED)、液晶面板（LCD)及蜂鳴器（Buzzer)之 其中—者，由於上述裝置皆可做出提醒作用，故皆為本發明之保 護範圍内，例如：圖三所揭露為發光二極體，可利用一紅色者做 為過載顯不51，再利用一橘色者做為低效率顯示52。再以蜂鳴器 為例，可利用一長音做為過載顯示；再利用三短音做為低效率顯 201008081 示，各種警示裝置的定義可隨客戶需求來做變化。 上述該整流放大電路2、比較器（3、4)及警示裝置5之驅動 電力係由若干外接電池所提供，或由電動機之輸入電源透過變壓 器降壓整流後所提供。 請參閱圖四所示，係為本發明之偵測與顯示電動機運轉效率 裝置應用於三相馬達之第二實施例圖，與圖三不同處在於將整流 放大電路2與三相電動機1之三相線路輸入端全數連接，如此可量 測到更加精確的電流值，故本實施例係為較佳者。 〇 請參閱圖五所示，係為本發明之偵測與顯示電動機運轉效率 裝置應用於單相馬達之實施例圖，顯示本發明的架構除了可應用 於三相電動機之外，亦可應用於單相電動機6，將一整流放大電路 2與單相電動機6之單相線路其中一輸入端連接，亦可偵測馬達的 運轉效率。 請參閱圖六所示，係為本發明之偵測與顯示電動機運轉效率 裝置裝設於一電動機之外觀示意圖，其係於一電動機71 (馬達） 下方設置有一偵測與顯示電動機運轉效率裝置72，該偵測與顯示 # 電動機運轉效率裝置72上各別利用二個發光二極體做為過載顯示 721及低效率顯示722。當然包括前述整流放大電路2、第一比較器 3、第二比較器4及警示裝置5亦設置於該偵測與顯示電動機運轉效 率裝置72内部。該偵測與顯示電動機運轉效率裝置72可外加或内 建於電動機71，完全依照客戶需要而做一設計。 藉由上述圖一至圖六之揭露，即可瞭解本發明一種偵測與顯 示電動機運轉效率方法與裝置，主要技術手段為使用一個簡單方 法與裝置安裝在電動機上，來即時監視電動機效率可以幫助使用 者或設備維護者即時判斷出異常之電動機，針對異常電動機可以 201008081 進-步使用較精準之儀器設備量測以確定問題並改善或解決電力 不合理>肖耗’或是電動機故障造成生產中斷等問題。另— 於可適用於各種電動機，例如：馬達、空壓機、栗浦等。吾前述 電動機等空載時’電流變小，本發明可提供即時仙,】與顯:，避 免空載而燒燬電動機。前述功能於市場上具有極高的商業價值， 故提出專利申請以尋求專利權之保護。 - 綜上所述’本發明之結構特徵及各實施㈣已詳細揭示而 可充分顯示出本發明案在目的及功效上均深富實施之進步性，極 ❹具產業之利用價值’且為目前市面上前所未見之運用，依專利法 之精神所述，本發明案完全符合發明專利之要件。 唯以上所述者，僅為本發明之較佳實施例而已，當不能以之 限定本發明所實施之範® ’即大凡依本發明巾料難圍所作之 均等變化與修飾，皆應仍屬於本發明專利涵蓋之範圍内，謹請 貴審查委員明鑑’並祈惠准，是所至禱。 【圈式簡單說明】 圖一係為鼠籠式感應電動機負載與電動機電流關係圖； 圖二係為鼠籠式感應電動機負載百分比與效率關係圖； 圖三係為本發明之偵測與顯示電動機運轉效率裝置應用於三相馬 達之第一實施例圖； 圖四係為本發明之偵測與顯示電動機運轉效率裝置應用於三相馬 達之第二實施例圖； 圖五係為本發明之偵測與顯示電動機運轉效率裝置應用於單相馬 達之實施例圖； 圖六係為本發明之偵測與顯示電動機運轉效率裝置裝設於一電動 11 201008081 機之外觀示意圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 1〜三相電動機 2〜整流放大電路 21〜環形線圈 3〜第一比較器 31〜第一預定電流值 ❹ 4〜第二比較器 41〜第二預定電流值 5〜警示裝置 51〜過載顯示 52〜低效率顯示 6〜單相電動機 71〜電動機 7 2〜偵測與顯示電動機運轉效率裝置 φ 721〜過載顯示 722〜低效率顯示 12201008081 IX. Description of the Invention: [Technical Field] The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for detecting and displaying motor operating efficiency, and more particularly to using a simple method and apparatus mounted on a motor to monitor motor efficiency in real time can help The user or the equipment maintainer can immediately determine the abnormal motor, and the abnormal motor can further use the more accurate instrument and equipment measurement to determine the problem and improve or solve the problem, avoiding the unreasonable consumption of the electricity bill or even the motor failure causing the production interruption. [Prior Art] According to the general operation of the motor (for example, motor) in the high efficiency zone, to determine the cost of electricity consumption of the motor, the motor operating point should be maintained in the high efficiency zone, even in the maximum efficiency zone, such as the iterator motor. Smaller power can maximize power and save a considerable amount of electricity when operating for a long time, which can reduce the cost of use and save energy. Most motors operate between 50% and 100% of rated load. This block has high operating efficiency, but the optimum efficiency is usually around 75% of the load. When the load is lower than 25%, the motor efficiency is significantly reduced. When the motor exceeds the rated load, it will cause the motor to overheat, reduce the service life and loss of efficiency, so it should not be inadvertent. Conventional judgment of the motor load may use an input power measurement method, the steps of which are determined by: first, using a power and current measuring instrument to define a load used on the motor; second, obtaining an approximation by a manufacturer or a look-up table. Load, but can also directly read the power measurement value, and derive the corrected load value by motor terminal power measurement and partial load formula. The use of these two methods to determine the motor load requires specialized equipment and professional knowledge, and the general equipment operation users cannot easily understand and use it. And when actually using 201008081, many instruments must be used to test the work, so it takes a lot of time and is not economical. Generally, the motor is not measured for the efficiency of operation, or the display device, if you want to know the state of the motor, you need to add a current checklist to measure the electric = or measure the output force to measure the wattage value. Knowing the method of the motor, I refer to the Republic of China Patent Application No. 762 () 7794, "with speed indicating device Γ: type patent, which is a speed detecting device, there is no horse, U's merit" Therefore, the efficiency state of the motor during operation cannot be displayed. In addition, '---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The maintenance maintainer can't know immediately, and the energy cost has been rising. The electricity bill is also gradually reducing the electricity cost. The U factory saves the cost. The main direction is to reduce the electricity consumption. The main purpose of this creation is to save electricity. 】Electricity == The lack of the prior art, the present invention is a detection and display = motivational operation efficiency method and device, the main purpose is to use a simple method disk:: mounted on the motor to monitor the motor immediately Efficiency can help the user; sigh the maintainer to immediately ride the abnormal motor, for the XOR cup, ^ the damage to determine the problem and improve or solve the problem of power failure or motor failure caused by production interruption. One purpose is to be applicable to various motors, such as motors, multiple machines, and pumps. When the motor is provided with the same time and the display to avoid the no-load, the motor is low, the present invention can be used for the above purpose. A device for detecting and displaying the motor operating efficiency is connected to a motor. The method includes: a rectifying amplifying circuit connected to the input end of the motor to measure the current and rectifying and amplifying; a comparator connected to the rectifying amplifying circuit to obtain a current value, wherein the current value is further compared with a predetermined current value And outputting the comparison result thereof; and a warning device, receiving the comparison result of the comparator to display the comparison result of the comparator. ❹ For a more in-depth description of the present invention, the following illustrations, illustrations, and detailed descriptions of the invention are used to facilitate the review. [Embodiment] The detailed structure of the present invention and its connection relationship will be described in conjunction with the following drawings to facilitate an understanding of the audit committee. # The present invention is a simple motor (for example, motor) efficiency indicating device, which does not require the use of commercially available complicated and expensive testing instruments, and the operating user can directly inspect the disclosed warning device to preliminarily determine the operating state of the motor. , and can respond immediately, the equipment maintainer does not need to use complex instruments, can start the motor load, efficiency status, when the motor is found to have an abnormal phenomenon, you can use the current checklist or power meter to further (four) expensive silk Progressively. The aforementioned motor is a motor, an air compressor, a pumping/discharging fan or a fruit machine motor operating in a high efficiency zone, determining the cost of electricity used by the motor, and the operating point of the motor is highly efficient (four), even in the most recent rate zone. ^ The machine can use the smaller power to maximize the power, when the phase is running, it can be = 201008081 - considerable electricity bill, which can reduce the cost of use and save energy. Please refer to Figure 2, the present invention is a simple detective The measuring and displaying motor operating efficiency device can be installed in the internal wiring box of the motor and integrated with the motor. The detecting and displaying motor operating efficiency device can measure the magnitude of the motor current, and the magnitude of the current can relatively know the magnitude of the motor load and the load of the motor. It can be inferred that the efficiency of the motor is known, and one or more comparators can be used to determine which efficiency zone the motor is operating in. When the motor is operating in the low efficiency zone, a signal or a warning device is output (for example: Use a light-emitting diode (LED) to illuminate or flash to alert the user or maintain To improve the action, when the motor is running in the south efficiency zone, stop the output signal or extinguish the LED. When the motor runs beyond the upper load limit (such as _ load), the signal is output or the LED is lit or Blinking to remind the user or maintainer to make an improvement. The invention does not need to accurately measure the current when detecting, and only needs to know the relative magnitude of the current to determine the efficiency of the motor, so it is a simple, inexpensive and effective method and device. The relationship between the load and the motor current of the m-cage induction motor and the load percentage and efficiency of the squirrel cage induction motor are shown in Fig. _ and Fig. 2, where the X coordinate represents the full load percentage; the ¥ coordinate represents the load ratio. The X coordinate of Figure 2 represents the load factor; the γ coordinate represents the efficiency (%). It can be seen from the two diagrams that the motor current value can be obtained to obtain the relative load value of the motor, and the motor efficiency can be obtained from the relative load value of the motor. Therefore, the relative value of the motor efficiency can be obtained from the motor current value. Only (4) the relative current size, this is the main theoretical basis for the (4) light flow amplification circuit and the comparison time side to obtain (4) machine operation efficiency. Referring to FIG. 2, the present invention is a detection and display motor operating efficiency 201008081. The first embodiment of the device is applied to a three-phase motor, wherein the three-phase motor is a three-phase motor, and the present invention is Connecting a rectifying amplifying circuit 2 and one of the three-phase lines of the three-phase motor ( (using the toroidal coil 21 to detect the current value) to measure the current and rectifying and amplifying the rectifying amplifying circuit 2 The resistor (R), the inductor (L), and the capacitor (C) are combined with an amplifier circuit, or are composed of a resistor (a capacitor and a capacitor (c) combined amplifier circuit, and there are many technical means for achieving the rectifier amplifier circuit 2, Therefore, the first and second are the necessary means to achieve the goal. All the circuits that can be used for rectification and amplification are the protection scope of the invention; the first, the second ratio (4) (3, 4) and the rectification amplifier circuit are reused. The 2-phase connection reads the current value, which is further compared with the first predetermined current value 31 and the second predetermined current value 32, which causes the first predetermined current value 31 to be an overload value and the second predetermined current value. 32 is a low Rate and output the comparison result of the comparator (3, 4), the first comparator 3 or the second comparator 4 is an operational amplifier (0perat丨〇η ΑΜρ ), a transistor (a plus 8丨st〇r And one of the Micro Control Units, because there are so many technical means to achieve the electronic components of the comparator, so one or two are used as a necessary means to achieve the goal, and all can be used as The circuit of the comparator is the protection of the invention. The predetermined current value of the first and second comparators (3, 4) can be set at the time of leaving the motor, or can be adjusted by the user at the site, even more To adjust the setting by using a variable resistor; a warning device 5 receives the comparison result of the two comparators (3, 4) to display a comparison result of the two comparators (3, 4), and the warning device 5 can be Among the light-emitting diodes (LEDs), liquid crystal panels (LCDs), and buzzers (Buzzers), all of the above devices can be used as reminders, and are all within the scope of protection of the present invention, for example, Figure 3 Revealed as a light-emitting diode, which can be used as a red person The display is not 51, and then an orange color is used as the low-efficiency display 52. Taking the buzzer as an example, a long sound can be used as the overload display; and the three short sounds are used as the low-efficiency display 201008081, various warnings The definition of the device can be changed according to the needs of the customer. The driving power of the rectifying amplifying circuit 2, the comparator (3, 4) and the warning device 5 is provided by a plurality of external batteries, or the input power of the motor is stepped down through the transformer. Please provide the second embodiment of the three-phase motor for detecting and displaying the motor operating efficiency device according to the present invention. The difference from FIG. 3 is that the rectifying and amplifying circuit 2 and the third are provided. The three-phase line input terminals of the phase motor 1 are all connected so that a more accurate current value can be measured, so this embodiment is preferred. Please refer to FIG. 5, which is an embodiment of the invention for detecting and displaying the motor operating efficiency device applied to the single-phase motor, and shows that the architecture of the present invention can be applied not only to the three-phase motor but also to the three-phase motor. The single-phase motor 6 connects a rectifying/amplifying circuit 2 to one of the input terminals of the single-phase circuit of the single-phase motor 6, and can also detect the operating efficiency of the motor. Please refer to FIG. 6 , which is a schematic diagram of the appearance of the motor for detecting and displaying the motor operating efficiency of the present invention, which is disposed under a motor 71 (motor) and has a detecting and displaying motor operating efficiency device 72 . The detection and display # motor operation efficiency device 72 respectively uses two light-emitting diodes as the overload display 721 and the low-efficiency display 722. Of course, the rectifying amplifying circuit 2, the first comparator 3, the second comparator 4, and the warning device 5 are also disposed inside the detecting and displaying motor operating efficiency device 72. The detection and display motor operating efficiency device 72 can be externally or built into the motor 71 and designed in accordance with customer needs. The method and apparatus for detecting and displaying the operating efficiency of the motor of the present invention can be understood by the above disclosure of FIG. 1 to FIG. 6. The main technical means is to use a simple method and device mounted on the motor to monitor the efficiency of the motor in time to help use The equipment or the equipment maintainer can immediately determine the abnormal motor. For the abnormal motor, the 201008081 can use the more accurate instrument and equipment measurement to determine the problem and improve or solve the power unreasonable> or the motor failure and the production interruption. And other issues. In addition, it can be applied to various motors, such as motors, air compressors, and Lipu. When the motor or the like is unloaded, the current becomes small, and the present invention can provide instant imitation, and it is possible to avoid the no-load and burn the motor. The aforementioned functions are of high commercial value in the market, so patent applications are filed to seek protection of patent rights. - In summary, the structural features and implementations (4) of the present invention have been disclosed in detail to fully demonstrate the progress of the invention in terms of purpose and efficacy, and the use value of the industry is 'currently The unprecedented use in the market, according to the spirit of the patent law, the invention is fully in line with the requirements of the invention patent. The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the equivalent variation and modification of the invention according to the invention should not be limited thereto. Within the scope of the patents covered by this invention, I would like to ask your review committee to make a clear statement and to pray for it. [Simple description of the circle] Figure 1 is a diagram showing the relationship between the load of the squirrel-cage induction motor and the motor current; Figure 2 is the relationship between the load percentage and the efficiency of the squirrel-cage induction motor; Figure 3 is the detection and display motor of the present invention. The operation efficiency device is applied to the first embodiment of the three-phase motor; FIG. 4 is a second embodiment of the invention for detecting and displaying the motor operation efficiency device applied to the three-phase motor; FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the appearance of a motor operating efficiency device applied to a single-phase motor; FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing the appearance of the device for detecting and displaying the motor operating efficiency of the present invention mounted on an electric motor 11 201008081. [Description of main component symbols] 1 to three-phase motor 2 to rectification amplifying circuit 21 to toroidal coil 3 to first comparator 31 to first predetermined current value ❹ 4 to second comparator 41 to second predetermined current value 5 to warning Device 51 to overload display 52 to low efficiency display 6 to single phase motor 71 to motor 7 2 to detection and display motor operation efficiency device φ 721 to overload display 722 to low efficiency display 12