201004119 六、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明-般而言係、針對電源供應器。更特定而言，本文 中所揭示之各種發明方法及設備係關於切換模式電源供應 器。 【先前技術】 .數位照明技術’亦即基於半導體光源(例如發光二極體 (LED))之照明’為傳統螢光燈、細及白熾燈提供一可行 ( #代方案。㈣之功能優點及益處包含高能轉換及光學效 率、耐久性、低作業成本及諸多其他優點。led技術之最 新進展提供了有效且強大之全光镨照明源，其能夠在諸多 應、用中實現各種照明效果。體現該等源之器具中之某些器 具以一照明模組為特徵，該照明模組包含能夠產生不同色 、 彩（例如’紅、綠及藍）之-個或多個LED以及一用於獨立 地控制該等LED之輸出以產生各種色彩及色彩改變照明效 果之處理器’例如’如美國專利第MiM38a6,2u，㈣號 中所詳細地論述。 切換模式電源供應器(SMPS)普遍用於電子系統中以藉由 種形式之電轉換成另一種形式來提供充分之電壓。通 常係由於切換模式電源供應器之相對低成本才使用該等切 換模式電源供應器。SMPS採用某些類型之變壓器，其可 以高頻率有效地作業且因此可將其製作得比習用用來:典 型線頻率變換電之彼等變壓器小且輕。額外地，使用感應 器及電容器來調節變壓器之輸出電壓。 ’ 138239.doc 201004119 一 SMPS係基於以下 重複地中斷Θ ^ 、.根據該83^1^之一經回饋輸出 室複地中斷向一變壓器之— 〇Μρς ^ ^ m -人側如供電。出於此目的，一 SMPS包含一用於在 信號之脈衝產生包括—串脈衝之切換 〜刀換仏號用於控制一串聯連接至變 壓器之一次側之切拖分生 Μ^^χ 、之打開及閉合。脈衝串中之脈衝 (:= 案來確定，但通常經脈衝寬度調變 〇〇 〃刀換4號確定施加電力至變壓器及中斷至變壓 益之電力之持續時間，兮 β 4持續时間確定向變壓器之一次側 提供之平均電力。而該平均電力又確定變壓器二次側處之 經進一㈣節及平滑之輸出電壓，因此該SMPS在作業條 ]提供所耑輸出電壓β例如，某些習用SMps能夠 自低品質形式之AC輸人電壓產生具有㈣波含量之高品 質DC輸出電壓。藉由回饋控制所提供之自調整機制使 SMPS能夠在波動負荷條件下且在輸人電壓及輸入頻率之 寬廣範圍内維持一所需輸出電壓。 般而σ，例如，SMPS包含一交流（AC)至直流（DC)轉 換器（例如一整流器），其向並聯連接至一變壓器之一一次 繞組之一電晶體開關提供DC電壓。SMPS進一步包含一脈 衝產生器，其用於依據當前輸出電壓值產生一串具有不同 脈衝寬度之脈衝。該電晶體開關還連接至該脈衝產生器且 受該脈衝產生器所產生之脈衝控制以便該開關針對每一脈 衝之持續時間閉合。該脈衝產生器監視該電源供應器所產 生之輸出DC電壓、將變壓器之一二次繞組處之輸出電壓 與一參考電壓作比較且擴大脈衝寬度以升高輸出電壓或者 138239.doc 201004119 縮小脈衝寬度以降低輸出電壓來將輸出DC電壓維持在參 考電壓之一預定範圍内。參考電壓可係（例如）某一所需預 定電壓。連接至二次繞組之一整流器及濾波器電路提供輸 出DC電壓。提供SMPS之輸出之回饋以補償否則將發生之 輸出電壓之某些變化。 一般而言，當電晶體開關導通時，能被儲存在變壓器中 且然後當開關關斷時主要藉由負荷自變壓器抽取該能。該 變壓器將電能轉換成儲存於一磁場中之電磁能。當該電晶 體開關打開時，該磁場主要驅動電流通過變壓器之二次 側。變壓器之二次侧處之電流給一輸出電容器充電以及經 由SMPS之輸出饋送功率至一所連接負荷。pWM脈衝產生 器將輸出電壓與參考電壓作比較以基於該等電壓之間的偏 離產生具有適合脈衝寬度之脈衝。兩種標準類型之切換電 源供應器係增壓（升壓）及減壓（降壓）電源供應器。習用增 壓切換電源供應器亦稱作一馳回電源供應器或馳回轉換 器。 ' 習用減壓電源供應器包含正向轉換器電源供應器，其以 一類似於馳回電源供應器之方式作業，除了在變壓器之二 次側上使用一額外感應器而非單獨使用變壓器來儲存能。 對於該等類型之SMPS而言，當切換電晶體導通且電流流 過一次繞組時，還致使電流自二次繞組穿過一二極體整流 器流入一感應器中且流出至輸出負荷。當電晶體開關關斷 時’額外感應器繼續向該負荷提供電流。 在不具有SMPS之適合組態之情況下，脈衝產生器在起 138239.doc 201004119 動期間可不會獲取充分功率以能夠作業電晶體開關。 SMPS因此通常m動電路，其可在㈣期間作業功 率開關直至脈衝產生器可使對應回饋環路能夠建立對電晶 體開關之適合控制且將SMPS過渡至穩定作業條件為止或 直至該起動電路向脈衝產生器足夠快地提供功率以使對應 回鎖環路能夠建立對電晶體開關之適合控制且將·8過 2至穩定作業條件為止。諸多起動電路還可額外地限制起 動期間在SMPS中否則將發生之電流尖波。 此項技術中已知曉眾多起動電路，但其全部皆具有缺 點。用於SMPS之維持與變壓器之一次側電絕緣之脈衝產 生益之起動電路複製脈衝產生器已經提供之某些電路組 件，且通常係較複雜。由 ’ 夕應用需要SM_負荷與 打之輸入隔離，因此經常採用在二次側上具有一輔助 :組之變m器以向脈衝產生器提供輸出之回饋而不必在電 接至二次繞組之裝置與連接至變壓器之一次側之裝置之 ^建立—電連接。其他已知SMPm態採用光電子裝置來 s離變壓器之二次側與一次 電路係複雜。 #於其功-性，該等起動 中之-關鍵挑戰係起動期間對脈衝產生器之充分 二特定而言’需要以一相對簡單、成本有效及/或節 式實現此充分作業。因此，需要-種解決現有系統 路。+之至少某些不足之新切換模式電源供應器起動電 【發明内容】 138239.d〇, 201004119 =揭示内容係針對用於切換模式電源 及汉備。例如，根據本發一之考明方法 源供應器能夠以—4 合禋貫施例，—切換模式電 在該切換模式二=單、成本有效及/或節能之方式 業。 〜’、盗之起動期間使-脈衝產生器作 一般而言’在本發明之—個態樣中， 輸入及-輪出之切換模 ，、耠供-種具有- 應器包含：—輪 \」.....'"器，該切換模式電源供 入；一變虔m調節器’其以運作方式輕合至該輸 又主益，其具有一一 運作方式耦合至—切換批以 —二次側，該一次側以 控制電路以運作方式 ’電路’其令該一次侧及該切換 # 〇至該輸入電壓調節器；一輸出電 壓調節盗，其以運作方式麵合 骱出電 饋電壓調節器，其”』及該二次側；-回 制電路；及-起動電路/ 該二次側及該切換控 巧助Ί：路，其以運 調節器及該切換控制電路：式耗5至該輸入電麼 間且直至該回饋 ^起動電路經組態以在起動期 電邀為止充八ΓΓ 向該切換控制電路提供一預定 = 向該切換控制電路提供電功率。 在某1實施例中，該起動 電壓處切斷之場效應電晶體。在：二經組態以在該預定 路包含-Rc元件，立❸且能 他實施例中，該起動電 極電壓以便其大體上跟隨輸：:該場效應電晶體之閑 在一特定實施例中，該舵私+ 組態以界定指示達到該預二2包含一RC元件，其經 數。該起動電路可以運作方之時間量之時間常 、祸《至該回饋電壓調節器。 138239.doc 201004119 在本發明之另 八八内_種用於 式電源供應器之方法，該切換模式電源供應上切換模 及-輸出且包含：一輸入電虔調節器…運：有-輸入 至該輸入；-變壓器，其具有__次側及—二:方式麵合 -人側以運作方式搞合至一切換控制電路，其該 該切換控制電路以運作方式搞合至該輸入電壓二欠側及 =出電壓調節器，其以運作方式輕合至該二二 側；及-回饋電壓調節@，其一人 « ^ +Tt ^ 逻忭万式耦合至該二次側 及該切換控制電路，該方法包含以 調節器接收一第一電壓.白# μ輸入電壓 第電壓，自该切換控制電路接收一 壓；回應於該第一電壓及嗜第_ 一 第一電壓向該起動電路提供電 μ回饋電壓調節器向該切換電路提供一預定電壓 為止。 個實施例中，该方法進一步包含自該回饋電壓調節 收第—電壓且其中進一步回應於該第三電壓執行提 供電功率。 ”如,文中出於本揭示内容之目的所使用，應將術語 >LED”理解為包含任何電激發光二極體或能夠回應於一電 仏號產生輻射之其他類型之基於载流子注入/結之系統。 因此’術语LED包含，但不限於，回應於電流而發光之各 種土於半導體之結構、發光聚合物、有機發光二極體 (OLED)、電激發光帶等。特定而言，術語led係指可經組 1、以產生在紅外線光譜、紫外線光譜及可見光譜（通常包 3自大、400奈米至大約了⑽奈米之輻射波長）之各種部分 138239.doc 201004119 中之一者或多者中之輻射之所有類型（包含半導體及有機 發光二極體）之發光二極體。led之某些實例包含，但不限 於，各種類型之紅外線LED、紫外線LED、紅色LED、藍 色LED、綠色LED、黃色LED、棕黃色LED、橙色LED及 白色LED(下文將進行進一步論述亦應瞭解，LED可經 組態及/或經控制以產生具有針對一既定光譜（例如，窄頻 寬、寬頻寬）之各種頻寬（例如，半高全寬或FWHM)及一既 定總色彩分類内各種主波長之輻射。201004119 VI. Description of the Invention: TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention is generally directed to a power supply. More particularly, the various inventive methods and apparatus disclosed herein relate to a switched mode power supply. [Prior Art] Digital lighting technology, that is, based on the illumination of semiconductor light sources (such as light-emitting diodes (LEDs)), provides a feasible function for traditional fluorescent lamps, fine and incandescent lamps (#4 solutions. (4) Benefits include high-energy conversion and optical efficiency, durability, low operating costs, and many other advantages. The latest advances in LED technology provide an efficient and powerful all-optical illumination source that can achieve a variety of lighting effects in a variety of applications and applications. Some of the appliances of the source are characterized by a lighting module comprising one or more LEDs capable of producing different colors, colors (eg 'red, green and blue') and one for independence A processor that controls the output of such LEDs to produce various color and color-changing illumination effects is described in detail in, for example, U.S. Patent No. MiM 38a6, 2u, (d). Switch Mode Power Supply (SMPS) is commonly used in electronics. The system provides sufficient voltage by converting electricity in another form into another form. Typically, these switches are used because of the relatively low cost of the switched mode power supply. Power supply. SMPS uses some types of transformers that can operate efficiently at high frequencies and can therefore be fabricated for use in comparison: the typical line frequency conversion transformers are small and light. In addition, the induction is used. And the capacitor to adjust the output voltage of the transformer. ' 138239.doc 201004119 An SMPS system is repeatedly interrupted based on the following Θ ^ ,. According to the 83 ^ 1 ^ through the feedback output room complex ground to a transformer - 〇Μρς ^ ^ m - the human side is powered. For this purpose, an SMPS includes a switch for the pulse generation of the signal, including a -string pulse switch to control the connection of a series connection to the primary side of the transformer. Μ^^χ, open and close. The pulse in the pulse train (:= is determined by the case, but usually the pulse width modulation boring tool is changed to the 4th to determine the application of power to the transformer and the interruption to the power of the transformer. The duration, 兮β 4 duration determines the average power supplied to the primary side of the transformer, and the average power determines the further (fourth) section and the smoothed output voltage at the secondary side of the transformer, The SMPS provides the output voltage β in the operating bar. For example, some conventional SMps can generate a high quality DC output voltage with a (four) wave content from a low quality AC input voltage. Self-adjustment provided by feedback control The mechanism enables the SMPS to maintain a desired output voltage over a wide range of input voltages and input frequencies under fluctuating load conditions. Typically, σ, for example, the SMPS includes an alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC) converter (eg a rectifier) that supplies a DC voltage to a transistor switch connected in parallel to one of the primary windings of a transformer. The SMPS further includes a pulse generator for generating a series of pulses having different pulse widths based on the current output voltage value . The transistor switch is also coupled to the pulse generator and is controlled by pulses generated by the pulse generator such that the switch is closed for the duration of each pulse. The pulse generator monitors the output DC voltage generated by the power supply, compares the output voltage at one of the secondary windings of the transformer with a reference voltage, and expands the pulse width to increase the output voltage or 138239.doc 201004119 reduces the pulse width The output DC voltage is maintained within a predetermined range of one of the reference voltages by lowering the output voltage. The reference voltage can be, for example, a desired predetermined voltage. A rectifier and filter circuit connected to one of the secondary windings provides an output DC voltage. Feedback from the output of the SMPS is provided to compensate for some variations in the output voltage that would otherwise occur. In general, when the transistor switch is turned on, it can be stored in the transformer and then the energy is extracted from the transformer primarily by the load when the switch is turned off. The transformer converts electrical energy into electromagnetic energy stored in a magnetic field. When the transistor switch is turned on, the magnetic field primarily drives current through the secondary side of the transformer. The current at the secondary side of the transformer charges an output capacitor and feeds power to the connected load via the output of the SMPS. The pWM pulse generator compares the output voltage to a reference voltage to produce a pulse having a suitable pulse width based on the offset between the voltages. Two standard types of switching power supplies are boost (boost) and decompression (buck) power supplies. The conventional boost switching power supply is also referred to as a regenerative power supply or a flyback converter. 'The conventional decompression power supply consists of a forward converter power supply that operates in a manner similar to a regenerative power supply, except that an additional inductor is used on the secondary side of the transformer instead of using a separate transformer for storage. can. For these types of SMPS, when the switching transistor is turned on and current flows through the primary winding, it also causes current to flow from the secondary winding through a diode rectifier into an inductor and out to the output load. When the transistor switch is turned off, the extra inductor continues to supply current to the load. Without the proper configuration of the SMPS, the pulse generator may not acquire sufficient power during the 138239.doc 201004119 motion to be able to operate the transistor switch. The SMPS is therefore typically a m-moving circuit that can operate the power switch during (d) until the pulse generator enables the corresponding feedback loop to establish appropriate control of the transistor switch and transition the SMPS to stable operating conditions or until the starting circuit is pulsed The generator provides power fast enough to enable the corresponding lockback loop to establish appropriate control of the transistor switch and to pass the 2 to a stable operating condition. Many starter circuits can additionally limit the current spikes that would otherwise occur in the SMPS during start-up. Numerous starter circuits are known in the art, but all have drawbacks. Pulses for maintaining the SMPS and the primary side of the transformer are beneficial to the start-up circuit. Some of the circuit components have been provided by the replica pulse generator and are often more complex. Since the 'Essence application requires the SM_load to be isolated from the input, it is often used on the secondary side to have an auxiliary: group of variable m devices to provide feedback to the pulse generator without having to be electrically connected to the secondary winding. The device is electrically connected to the device connected to the primary side of the transformer. Other known SMPm states use optoelectronic devices to separate the secondary side of the transformer from the primary circuit. The key challenge in the start-up is that the full operation of the pulse generator during start-up needs to be done in a relatively simple, cost-effective and/or efficient manner. Therefore, it is necessary to solve the existing system road. + At least some of the shortcomings of the new switching mode power supply starting power [Summary] 138239.d〇, 201004119 = Reveal content for switching mode power supply and Hanbei. For example, according to the method of the present invention, the source provider can be configured in a manner of -4 switching mode mode in the mode of switching mode = single cost, cost effective and/or energy saving. ~ ', during the start of the pirate - pulse generator for the general case - in the aspect of the invention, the input and - turn of the switching mode, the 耠 supply - the type of - the device contains: - wheel \ ".....'", the switching mode power supply; a variable 调节m regulator 'which is operatively coupled to the input and the main benefit, which has a one-to-one operation coupled to the switch batch a secondary side, the primary side is controlled by a control circuit to operate the 'circuit' to cause the primary side and the switch to be connected to the input voltage regulator; an output voltage is adjusted to pirate, and the output is combined to output the electrical feed a voltage regulator, the "" and the secondary side; - the return circuit; and - the starting circuit / the secondary side and the switching control help: the road, the operating regulator and the switching control circuit: 5 to the input power and until the feedback circuit is configured to charge a predetermined time to the switching control circuit to supply electric power to the switching control circuit. In a certain embodiment, , the field effect transistor that is cut off at the starting voltage. State in which the -Rc element is included in the predetermined path, and in the embodiment, the starting electrode voltage is such that it substantially follows the transmission: the field effect transistor is idle in a particular embodiment, the rudder private + The configuration is defined to achieve the indication that the pre-two 2 includes an RC component whose number is long. The starting circuit can operate for a period of time, often to the feedback voltage regulator. 138239.doc 201004119 Another in the present invention In the eight-eighth method, a method for a power supply, the switching mode power supply upper switching mode and - output and comprising: an input power regulator ... operation: - input to the input; - transformer, which has _ _ secondary side and - two: mode face-to-human side are operatively coupled to a switching control circuit, the switching control circuit is operatively coupled to the input voltage two undersides and the =out voltage regulator, Lightly coupled to the second and second sides in operation; and - feedback voltage regulation @, one person « ^ + Tt ^ is coupled to the secondary side and the switching control circuit, the method includes receiving a a voltage. white # μ input voltage And receiving a voltage from the switching control circuit; and providing an electrical μ feedback voltage regulator to the starting circuit to provide a predetermined voltage to the switching circuit in response to the first voltage and the first first voltage. The method further includes adjusting the received voltage from the feedback voltage and wherein the providing further electrical power is performed in response to the third voltage. "As used herein for purposes of the present disclosure, the term >LED" should be understood as Any type of carrier-injection/junction-based system that includes any electroluminescent diode or that is capable of generating radiation in response to an electrical signal. Thus the term LED includes, but is not limited to, various types of soil that illuminate in response to electrical current. The structure of the semiconductor, the light-emitting polymer, the organic light-emitting diode (OLED), the electroluminescent strip, and the like. In particular, the term LED refers to various parts that can be grouped to produce various components in the infrared, ultraviolet, and visible spectra (typically from 3 megabytes, from 400 nanometers to about (10) nanometers of radiation wavelength) 138,239.doc Light-emitting diodes of all types (including semiconductors and organic light-emitting diodes) of radiation in one or more of 201004119. Some examples of led include, but are not limited to, various types of infrared LEDs, ultraviolet LEDs, red LEDs, blue LEDs, green LEDs, yellow LEDs, brown LEDs, orange LEDs, and white LEDs (which will be further discussed below) It is understood that LEDs can be configured and/or controlled to produce various bandwidths (eg, full width at half maximum or FWHM) for a given spectrum (eg, narrow bandwidth, wide bandwidth) and various masters within a given total color classification. Radiation of wavelengths.
例如’一經組態以基本上產生白色光之lED(例如一白 色LED)之一個實施方案可包含眾多晶粒，其相應地發射不 同之電激發光光譜，該等光譜以組合方式混合以基本上形 成白色光。在另一實施方案中，一白光LED可與一將具有 一第一光譜之電激發光轉換成一不同的第二光譜之磷光體 材料相關聯。在此實施方案之一個實例中，具有一相對短 波長及窄頻寬光譜之電激發光"抽送"該磷光體材料，此又 輻射具有一稍微較寬光譜之較長波長輻射。 亦應瞭解’術語LED並不限定—㈣之實體及/或電封裝 類里。例如，如上文所論述，一 LED可係指一具有多個晶 & t單@發光裝置’該等晶粒經組態以分別發射不同的輕 射㈣（例如’該等光譜可係或可不係個別可控制卜另 外，- led可與—被認為係LED(例如，某些類型之白色 咖）之:組成部分之磷光體相關聯。—般而言，術語咖 :係指經封裝LED、非經封裝LED、表面安裝LED、板上 曰曰片LED、τ封裝安裝LED、徑向封裝咖、功率封裝 I38239.doc 201004119 led、包含某些類型之外罩及/或光學元件（例如，一擴散 透鏡）之LED等。 應將術語"光源”理解為係指各種輻射源中之任一者或多 者，該等輻射源包含，但不限於，基於LED之源（包含如上 所定義之一個或多個LED)、白熾光源（例如，白熾燈、鹵 素燈）、螢光源、磷光源、高強度放電源（例如，鈉汽燈、 汞汽燈及鹵素金屬燈）、雷射、其他類型之電激發光源、 火發光源（例如，火焰）、蠟燭發光源（例如，氣罩、碳弧光 輻射光源）、照相發光源（例如，氣體放電源）、使用電子飽 和之陰極發光源、電流發光源、結晶發光源、顯像管發光 源、熱發光源、摩擦發光源、聲致發光源、輻射發光源及 發光聚合物。 一既定光源可經組態以產生在可見光譜之内、可見光譜 之外或其兩者之一組合之内之電磁輻射。因此，術語"光” 及"輻射"在本文中可互換使用。額外地，一光源可包含作 為一組成組件之一個或多個過濾器（例如，濾色器）、透鏡 ’或其他光學組件。另外’應瞭解，光源可針料種應用 (包含’但不限於指示、顯示及/或照明）進行组態。一”昭 明源”為一經特定組態以產生具有一足夠強度以有效地= 明一内部或外部空間之輻射之光源。在此上下文中，"足 夠強度"係指在空間或環境中所產生之用以提供周圍照明 (亦即可不直接感覺及（例如）可在全部或部分地感覺之前經 反射偏離各種中間表面中之一者或多者之光）之處於可見 光譜中之足夠輻射功率（在輻射功率或"光通量"方面，經常 138239.doc 201004119 採用單位"流明"來表示自一光源沿所有方向輸出之總光）。 應將術語”光譜”理解為係指一個或多個光源所產生之輻 射中之任一個或多個頻率（或波長）。因此，術語"光譜”不 僅係指在可見光譜中之頻率（或波長），而且亦指在紅外 線、紫外線及全部電磁光譜之其他區域中之頻率（或波 長）。另外，一既定光譜可具有一相對狹窄頻寬（例如，一 基本上不具有頻率或波長分量之FWHM)或一相對寬頻寬 (具有各種相對強度之數個頻率或波長分量）。還應瞭解， 一既定光譜可係混合兩個或更多個其他光譜（例如，混合 分別自多個光源發射之輻射）之結果。 本文中使用術語"照明器具"來指代呈一特定形式因子、 裝配或封裝之一個或多個照明單元之實施方案或配置。本 文中使用術語”照明單元"來指一種包含相同或不同類型之 一個或多個光源之裝置。一既定照明單元可具有各種用於 該（等）光源之安裝配置、包封/容置配置及形狀及/或電及 機械連接組態中之任一者《額外地，視情況，一既定照明 單元可與和該（等）光源之作業相關聯（例如，包含、麵合至 及/或封裝在一起）之各種其他組件（例如，控制電路）。一 "基於LED之照明單元”係指一包含單獨的或與其他非基於 LED之光源組合在一起之如上所論述之一個或多個基於 LED之光源的照明單元。一”多通道”照明單元係指一包含 至少兩個光源之基於LED或不基於LED之照明單元，該等 光源經組態以分別產生不同之輻射光譜，其中每一不同源 光譜可稱作該多通道照明單元之一"通道"。 138239.doc 201004119 本文中通常使用術語"控制器"來闌述與一個或多個光源 之作業相關之各種設備。可以多種方式（舉例來說’例如 藉助專門軟體）實施控制器以執行本文中所論述之各種功 能。一”處理器"係採用一個或多個微處理器之控制器之— 個實例，該等微處理器可使用軟體（例如，微碼）進行程式 化以執行本文中所論述之各種功能。一控制器可藉助採用 或不採用一處理器來實施，且還可實施為用以執行某些功 能之專門硬體與一用以執行其他功能之處理器（例如，一For example, an embodiment of an ED (eg, a white LED) configured to substantially generate white light can include a plurality of dies that respectively emit different spectra of electrical excitation light that are combined in a combined manner to substantially White light is formed. In another embodiment, a white LED can be associated with a phosphor material that converts electrical excitation light having a first spectrum into a second, different spectrum. In one embodiment of this embodiment, an electroluminescent light having a relatively short wavelength and a narrow bandwidth spectrum is "pumped" the phosphor material, which in turn radiates a longer wavelength of radiation having a slightly broader spectrum. It should also be understood that the term LED is not limited to (4) in the physical and / or electrical package category. For example, as discussed above, an LED can refer to a single crystal having a plurality of crystals and a single light emitting device that are configured to emit different light shots (four) respectively (eg, 'the spectra may or may not be Individually controllable, -led can be associated with a component that is considered to be an LED (eg, some types of white coffee): In general, the term coffee: refers to a packaged LED, Non-packaged LEDs, surface mount LEDs, on-board LEDs, τ package mounted LEDs, radial package coffee, power package I38239.doc 201004119 led, contains certain types of covers and/or optical components (eg, a diffusion Lens) LED, etc. The term "light source" should be understood to mean any one or more of a variety of sources, including but not limited to, LED-based sources (including one as defined above) Or multiple LEDs), incandescent sources (eg, incandescent, halogen), fluorescent sources, phosphor sources, high-intensity discharge sources (eg, sodium vapor lamps, mercury vapor lamps, and halogen metal lamps), lasers, other types of electrical excitation Light source, fire source (example , flame), candle illumination source (eg, hood, carbon arc radiation source), photographic source (eg, gas discharge source), cathodoluminescence source using electron saturation, current illumination source, crystal illumination source, tube illumination source, a thermal illumination source, a triboluminescent source, an sonoluminescence source, a radiation source, and a luminescent polymer. A given source can be configured to be produced within the visible spectrum, outside the visible spectrum, or a combination of both Electromagnetic radiation. Therefore, the terms "light" and "radiation" are used interchangeably herein. Additionally, a light source can include one or more filters (e.g., color filters) as a component, lens 'Or other optical components. In addition, it should be understood that the light source can be configured for needle applications (including but not limited to indication, display and/or illumination). A "Zhaoming source" is designed to produce one with enough Intensity to effectively = clearly illuminate the source of radiation inside or outside space. In this context, "sufficient strength" refers to the use in space or environment Sufficient radiated power (in radiated power) in the visible spectrum for ambient illumination (ie, without directly sensing and, for example, light that may be reflected off one or more of the various intermediate surfaces before or after partial or partial sensation) Or "Luminous Flux" aspect, often 138239.doc 201004119 uses the unit "lumen" to represent the total light output from a source in all directions.) The term "spectrum" should be understood to mean one or more sources. Any one or more of the frequencies (or wavelengths) of the resulting radiation. Therefore, the term "spectrum" refers not only to the frequency (or wavelength) in the visible spectrum, but also to infrared, ultraviolet, and all other electromagnetic spectra. The frequency (or wavelength) in the area. Alternatively, a given spectrum may have a relatively narrow bandwidth (e.g., a FWHM having substantially no frequency or wavelength components) or a relatively wide bandwidth (several frequencies or wavelength components having various relative intensities). It should also be appreciated that a given spectrum may be the result of mixing two or more other spectra (e.g., mixing radiation emitted from multiple sources). The term "lighting device" is used herein to refer to an embodiment or configuration of one or more lighting units in a particular form factor, assembly or package. The term "lighting unit" is used herein to refer to a device that includes one or more light sources of the same or different types. A given lighting unit can have various mounting configurations, encapsulation/accommodation configurations for the (or other) light source. And any of the shape and/or electrical and mechanical connection configurations. Additionally, depending on the circumstances, a given lighting unit may be associated with the operation of the light source (eg, include, face to, and/or Various other components (eg, control circuits) that are packaged together. An "LED-based lighting unit" refers to one or more of the above discussed, either alone or in combination with other non-LED-based sources. Lighting unit based on LED light source. A "multi-channel" lighting unit refers to an LED-based or non-LED-based lighting unit that includes at least two light sources that are configured to generate different radiation spectra, respectively, each of which may be referred to as One of the multi-channel lighting units "channel". 138239.doc 201004119 The term "controller" is often used in this article to describe various devices associated with the operation of one or more light sources. The controller can be implemented in a variety of ways (e.g., by means of specialized software) to perform the various functions discussed herein. A "processor" is an example of a controller that employs one or more microprocessors that can be programmed using software (eg, microcode) to perform the various functions discussed herein. A controller may be implemented with or without a processor, and may also be implemented as a special hardware for performing certain functions and a processor for performing other functions (eg, a
個或多個經程式化微處理器及相關聯電路）之一組合。在 本揭不内容之各種實施例中可採用之控制器組件之實例包 含’但不限於習用微處理器、專用積體電路（Asic)及現場 可程式化閘陣列（FPGA)。 社谷禋貫施 々示丁 储存媒體(通常在本文中稱作"記憶體"，例如揮發性及非揮 m：腦心it體例如RAM、PR0M、㈣⑽及e咖⑽、 光碟、光碟、磁帶等)相關聯。在某些實施 /、，儲存媒體可用一個或多個程式進行編 火 個或多個處理涔另/十知W 、馬 虽在一 ,^ 為及或控制器上執行該等程式時，其執杆 本文中所論述之功能中之予其執仃 固定於—老 /、二力月b。各種儲存媒體可 ;一處理器或控制器内或 一個或多個鉬以便儲存於其上之 式可加載至一處理器或控制 中所論述之本發明之久W心中以執行本文 術語"程式"或，，電腦程式，，:、。本文：在-般意義上使用 理器或控制％之任"H可用來程式化-個或多個處 之任一類型電腦程式碼(例如，軟體或微 138239.doc •12- 201004119 碼）。 可實施方案中’輕合至一網路之一個或多個裝置 主/從關至該網路，—個或多個其他裝置(例如，成-〜_之—控制器H實施方案t，-網路化環 =、經組態以控制耦合至該網路之裝置中之一者或多 之個或多個專門控制器。一般而一 個裝置各自可存取存在於'合至網路之多 料；然而，—既定裝置刊!;通信媒體上之資 基於叫個指派給其:一;二：乃因⑽ ”位址，，來選擇性地與網路交：:個=_ 將資料傳輸至其）資料。（㈣’自其接收資料及/或 應瞭解’將前述概念及下文將更加詳細論 (假設此等概念並不互相矛盾)之所有組合視為係本文:； 揭：：發明標的物之-部分。特定而言，將呈現於此揭示 内“束處之所主張標的物之所有組合視為本文中所揭示 之發明標的物之-部分。亦應瞭解，在本文中明確地採用 ，亦可呈現於以引用方式併入之任一揭示内容中之術語應 符合與本文中所揭示特定概念最—致之H … 【實施方式】 在此項技術中已知曉眾多起動電路，其中該等起動電路 通常複製-SMPS之脈衝產生^經提供Μ些電路 且因此通常係複雜。SMPS中之—關鍵挑戰係在 對脈衝產生器之充分作業。特定而言，需要能夠以—相; 簡單、成本有效及/或節能之方式實現此充分作業。 138239.doc •13· 201004119 鑒於前面所述，本發明之各種實施例及實施方案係針對 用於一切換模式電源供應器（SMPS)之一起動電路。SMPS 具有一輸入及一輸出。SMPS包含一以運作方式耦合至該 輸入之輸入電壓調節器（IVC)、一切換控制電路（SCC)及一 具有---次側及一二次側之變壓器。變壓器之一次側以運 作方式耦合至該SCC。該一次側及該SCC以運作方式耦合 至該IVC。SMPS進一步包含一以運作方式耦合至該輸出及 該二次側之輸出電壓調節器（OVC)、一以運作方式耦合至 該IVC及SCC之起動電路（sue)，及一以運作方式耦合至該 二次側之回饋電壓調節器（FVC)。FVC進一步以運作方式 耦合至該see且視情況耦合至sue。sue經組態以在SMPS 之起動期間大致上向see提供電功率直至FVC向該see提 供一預定電壓為止。 圖1根據本發明之一個實施例圖解說明一具有一起動電 路之SMPS之一方塊圖。SMPS 100具有一輸入及一輸出， 且包含一以運作方式耦合至該輸入之IVC 110及一 see 140。該S MP S進一步包含一具有一一次側及一二次側之變 壓器130。該變壓器之一次側經由一電串聯連接以運作方 式耦合至SCC 140。而且，該一次側及該SCC以運作方式 耦合至該IVC。該IVC之目的包含將在輸入處提供之電預 調節為適合供應至變壓器之電功率。 SMPS 100進一步包含一以運作方式耦合至輸出及變壓 器之二次側之OVC 160及一以運作方式耦合至IVC 110及 SCC 140之 SUC 120。SMPS 進一步包含一 FVC 150，其以 138239.doc -14- 201004119 運作方式輕合至變壓器之二次側、see及sue。sue經組 心、以在SMPS之起動期間向scc提供電功率直uve 15〇在 回饋線190上提供至scc之回饋電壓Vfb達到一預定電壓為 止。 如圖1中所圖解說明，IVC 11〇串聯連接至變壓器13〇之 —次繞組，而該一次繞組又與scc 140串聯連接。另一選 擇為，IVC、see及變壓器可以一不同順序連接在一起（未 進行圖解說明）。例如，IVC可串聯連接至scc而scc可串 料接至變壓H之—次繞組H⑽之組態，8刪可 包含用於抑制（例如）可由變壓器之一次繞組之切換導致之 尚感應電壓及不合意諧波含量之不同電路（未進行圖解說 明）。 ° 根據本發明之一實施例，SMPS 100包含一連接於回饋 線190與see 140之間的可選電子閥153。此外，視情況， FVC 150可經由連接193以運作方式連接至〇vc 16(^亦視 情況，SUC 120可經由連接191及回饋電壓線以運作方式連 接至 FVC 150。 SMPS 1〇〇可額外地包含可選功率因子校正電路（未進行 圖解說明）以減低SMPS所汲取之無功功率量。SMps可包 含其他電路以增強電磁相容性，例如有源或無源濾波器= 屏蔽裝置以抑制不合意諧波被疊加回電源供應器線上或、 其它方式釋放至環境中。 輸入電壓調節器 輸入電壓調節器（IVC) 110預調節輸入電壓且可包含— 138239.doc 15 201004119 流器及用於抑制（例如）源自整流自身或否則可被疊加在電 壓vbus上之諧波含量之濾波組件。Ivc可包含眾多不同組 件以實現整流及濾波功能，包含（例如）一橋式整流器或線 式整流器及一個或多個電容器'電感線圈或電阻器或熟悉 此項技術者將易於瞭解之其他裝置或組件。 圖la圖解說明一可形成根據本發明一實施例之sMps之 一部分之實例IVc，其包含一具有四個二極體D1、D2、D3 及D4 U3之橋式整流器ηι，及一具有一電感線圈u⑴及 一電容器C1 117之濾波器元件。 用於與根據本發明之一實施例之— SMps一起使用之變 壓器可包含（例如）一用於使以約2〇千赫至數個兆赫之間的 切換頻率進行有效作業能夠實現之鐵心、。可使用其他已知 曉類里之變壓II，包含無心變壓器。經充分設計之變壓器 可提供低功率損耗、小的實體大小、低重量且幾乎沒有可 聽見振動。超過可聽見範圍之作業頻率可提供安靜作業。 變壓器具有次側及一二次側且包含至少--次繞組 及—二次繞組。在-個實施例中，—在二次側處具有一辅 助-堯、·且之變壓器可用於保持—次及二次繞組之間的電流隔 離且避免在SMPS之回饋電屋調節器中採用其他電絕緣裝 置例如，f光裝置。然、而，本發明之不同實施例可利用 不同類型之變壓器，包含僅具有--次及二次繞組之變壓 器。 輸出電壓調節器 138239.doc 16 - 201004119 輸出電壓調節器（ovc)平滑、濾波及穩定變壓器在二次 繞組處提供之電壓且在作業條件下提供一適合品質輸出電 壓至一連接至該SMPS之輸出之負荷。用於與根據本發明 之一個實施例之SMPS—起使用之OVC可包含眾多不同裝 置，包含，二極體 '電容器、感應器及可選電阻器，或熟 悉此項技術者將易於瞭解之（例如）用於平滑、濾波及穩定 輸出電壓之其他裝置或組件。在不同輸出電壓調節器中可 採用其他電子裝置，例如積體調整器、作業放大器及/或 熟悉此項技術者將易於瞭解之其他零件。 回饋電壓調節器 根據本發明之一實施例並如圖1中所圖解說明，回饋電 壓調節器（FVC)耦合至變壓器之一輔助繞組。FVC之目的 係提供一指示SMPS之輸出電壓之回饋電壓Vfb。 參照圖1B，一適合與根據本發明之諸多實施例之一 SMPS—起使用之實例性FVC 15〇包含正向偏壓二極體D3 152、電阻器R4 154、極化電容器c3 156及地面之串聯連 接。圖1B還圖解說明一實例電子閥d2 153及變壓器13〇之 示思圖。如圖1B中所圖解說明，包含電阻器R4及電容 器C3之RC元件經由二極體D3連接至變壓器之辅助繞組且 慮波並平滑該輔助繞組所提供之電壓以在電容器之陽極 處提供回饋電壓Vfb。 視情況，在一個實施例中，一經充分組態之FVC(未顯 示）可經由連接193以運作方式連接至輸出電壓調節器以提 供一與SMPS之輸出電壓更準確地相關之回饋電壓。該連 138239.doc -17- 201004119 接可用於（例如）經由-光電子裝置提供直接指示瞬時輸出 電壓之號。此-連接可提供-在不同負荷條件下更準 確地跟隨s刪之輸出電麼之回積信號。肌_使用回讀 電愚來確定用於切換變廢器之脈衝串且回饋電屋在作業條 件下可用於給切換控制電路（scc)之至少若干部分供電。 另選擇為，在另一實施例甲，可採用一僅具有一_次 及一二次繞組之變壓器(未顯示)且-經充分組態之FVC(未 進行圖解說明）可輕合至該二次繞組。對於一電流隔離， ?此一—可包含（例如）其他光電子裝置。FVC可經組態以 使得其提供之回饋電壓以一線性、成比例的或其他適合預 定方式充分地與輸出電塵相關以便默可經校準以充分地 回應於回饋電壓之變化來維持一所需之SMps輸出電壓。 切換控制電路 用於與根據本發明之一 S M p s 一 S使用之切換控制電路 (SCC)包含一切換元件145及一脈衝產生器143，如圖】中所 圖解說明。脈衝產±器用於作業該切換元件之打開及閉 合。該切換元件與變壓器之一次繞組並聯連接以能夠中斷 電流流動及由此至變壓器之一次側之電能之提供。切換元 件可係一通或斷接觸電子開關，例如，一功率場效應電晶 體或熟悉此項技術者將易於瞭解之其他適合可控制功率電 子開關。 脈衝產生器143向切換元件145提供一切換信號。該脈衝 產生器可包含（例如）一用於以固定間隔以可變脈衝寬度產 生脈衝之脈衝寬度調變器或一用於以可變間隔或重複產生 138239.doc -18- 201004119 固定長度脈衝之脈衝代碼調變器或脈衝位置調變器或熟悉 此項技術者將易於瞭解之其他組態。切換控制電路經組態 以對應於切換控制電路之輸入處之電壓Vce重複地打開及 閉合切換元件。端視本發明之實施例，Vec可對應於回饋 電壓vfb或其可以一預定量自Vfb偏離，例如在採用一可選 電子閥1 5 3之實施例中。 SCC確定回饋電壓是否偏離一預定值（其可係固定的或在 一預疋範圍内可調的）並確定一誤差信號。SCC對應於誤差 t號確疋脈衝串以增加或者降低提供給變壓器1 3 〇之一次 繞組之平均電能量。例如，在pWM控制之SMPS中， 對應於誤差信號延伸或縮減切換脈衝之導通週期之持續時 間。一般而言，一PWM控制之see經組態以在每當誤差信 號指示輸出電壓低於所需輸出電壓時，便延伸電流流動持 續時間且由此增加向變壓器提供之電能之時間平均量。反 之，當輸出電壓太高時，SCC減少所提供之電能量^ Scc 經組態以基於誤差信號之量值確定延伸及縮減之量值。 端視SMPS所變換之功率量，切換元件145可包含一功率 電晶體例如一雙極電晶體、絕緣閘極雙極電晶體、一適合 FET(例如一功率MOSFET)或一適合閘流體（例如一閘極關 斷閘流體）或將易於瞭解之其他功率電晶體。 起動電路 用於與根據本發明一實施例之S MP S —起使用之起動電 路經組態以在（例如）接通SMPS之後於過渡週期期間提供用 於作業切換控制電路之功率’直至回饋電壓達到一預定值 138239.doc -19- 201004119 為止。此一過渡週期通常以SMPS接通之初始化來開始且 持續至回饋電壓線190提供足夠作業並維持SCC之作業之 電功率為止。圖2、3、4及5圖解說明用於根據本發明之 SMPS之不同實施例之起動電路之實例。該等實例起動電 路中之每一者均可用於在過渡週期期間給SCC供電直至回 饋電壓vfb足夠高且SCC可經由變壓器之二次側來大致上作 業為止。一過渡週期可（例如）緊隨接通SMPS之後發生。 現在將參照特定實例來闡述本發明。應瞭解，以下實例 意欲闡述本發明之實施例且並非意欲以任一方式限制本發 明。 應注意’出於此闡述之目的，包含所有圖，在電子電路 中對電阻器、電容器、感應器、二極體或電晶體之相同提 及（其以相應字母R、C、L、D或Q開始且後跟一數字）未必 指示所提及之裝置之相同性質。例如，圖2之電容器C2不 需要與圖3或另一圖或電路之電容器C2為相同之類型或具 有與其相同之特性。 實例 實例1 : 圖2中所圖解說明之起動電路包含眾多裝置，包含一具 有串聯電阻器R1 201、R2 202及用於向場效應電晶體 (FET) Q1 204提供一閘極電壓之正向極化電容器C2 203之 RC元件。FET Q1之源極連接至乂 —且㈤丁 qi之汲極連接 至正向偏壓二極體D5 205、電阻器R3 206及反向偏壓齊納 二極體D6 207之串聯連接。例如，feT Q1可係一 ρ溝道增 138239.doc •20- 201004119 強模式DMOS FET。極化電容器C3 209並聯連接至齊納二 極體D6，如所圖解說明。極化電容器C2及C3可係電解類 型。電容器C3之陽極連接至Vcc。電容器C3額外地經由電 阻器R4 208連接至vbus。A combination of one or more programmed microprocessors and associated circuits). Examples of controller components that may be employed in various embodiments of the present disclosure include, but are not limited to, conventional microprocessors, dedicated integrated circuits (Asic), and field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). The company has a storage medium (usually referred to herein as "memory", such as volatile and non-make: brain-like body such as RAM, PR0M, (4) (10) and e-cafe (10), CD-ROM, CD-ROM , tape, etc.) are associated. In some implementations, the storage medium may be programmed by one or more programs or multiple processes. When the program is executed on a controller, or on the controller, Among the functions discussed in this article, the shackles are fixed to - old / two months. Various storage media may be; a processor or controller or one or more molybdenum for storage thereon may be loaded into the heart of the present invention as discussed in a processor or control to execute the term "program "or,, computer program,,:,. This article: in the general sense of the use of the device or control % of the "H can be used to program - one or more of any type of computer code (for example, software or micro 138239.doc • 12- 201004119 code) . In one embodiment, one or more devices that are "lightly coupled to a network master/slave to the network," or one or more other devices (eg, into -~_ - controller H implementation t, - Networked ring =, configured to control one or more specialized controllers of one or more devices coupled to the network. Typically, one device is individually accessible and is present in the network However; the established device publication! The communication media is based on the assignment of one: two; the reason (10) ” address, to selectively communicate with the network:: ==_ To (b) the information. ((4) 'Receive information from and/or should understand 'all the above concepts and the following will be more detailed (assuming these concepts are not contradictory) all combinations are considered to be this article:; In particular, all combinations of the claimed subject matter in the present disclosure are considered to be part of the subject matter of the invention disclosed herein. It should also be understood that The terms used, or presented in any of the disclosures incorporated by reference, should be consistent The most specific concepts disclosed herein are the same as H ... [Embodiment] A number of start-up circuits are known in the art, wherein the start-up circuits typically replicate the pulse generation of the -SMPS to provide these circuits and are therefore typically Complex. The key challenge in the SMPS is the full operation of the pulse generator. In particular, it is necessary to be able to do this in a simple, cost effective and/or energy efficient way. 138239.doc •13· 201004119 In view of the foregoing, various embodiments and embodiments of the present invention are directed to a start-up circuit for a switched mode power supply (SMPS) having an input and an output. The SMPS includes an operational coupling to the input. An input voltage regulator (IVC), a switching control circuit (SCC), and a transformer having a secondary side and a secondary side. The primary side of the transformer is operatively coupled to the SCC. The primary side and the SCC Operatively coupled to the IVC. The SMPS further includes an output voltage regulator (OVC) operatively coupled to the output and the secondary side, coupled in an operational manner A start circuit to the IVC and SCC, and a feedback voltage regulator (FVC) operatively coupled to the secondary side. The FVC is further operatively coupled to the see and coupled to the sue as appropriate. Configuring to provide electrical power to see during the start of the SMPS until the FVC provides a predetermined voltage to the see. Figure 1 illustrates a block diagram of an SMPS having a moving circuit in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. There is an input and an output, and includes an IVC 110 and a see 140 operatively coupled to the input. The S MP S further includes a transformer 130 having a primary side and a secondary side. The primary side of the transformer is operatively coupled to the SCC 140 via an electrical series connection. Moreover, the primary side and the SCC are operatively coupled to the IVC. The purpose of the IVC is to pre-condition the electrical supply provided at the input to an electrical power suitable for supply to the transformer. The SMPS 100 further includes an OVC 160 operatively coupled to the secondary side of the output and transformer and a SUC 120 operatively coupled to the IVC 110 and SCC 140. The SMPS further includes an FVC 150 that is operatively coupled to the secondary side of the transformer, see and sue, in the manner of 138239.doc -14-201004119. The sue is assembled to provide electric power to the scc during the start of the SMPS, and the feedback voltage Vfb supplied to the scc on the feedback line 190 reaches a predetermined voltage. As illustrated in Figure 1, the IVC 11 is connected in series to the secondary winding of the transformer 13 and the primary winding is in turn connected in series with the scc 140. Alternatively, IVC, see, and transformers can be connected together in a different order (not illustrated). For example, the IVC can be connected in series to scc and the scc can be serially connected to the configuration of the secondary winding H(10) of the transformer H, which can include, for example, suppressing the induced voltage caused by the switching of the primary winding of the transformer and Different circuits with undesired harmonic content (not illustrated). According to one embodiment of the invention, the SMPS 100 includes an optional electronic valve 153 coupled between the feedback line 190 and the see 140. In addition, FVC 150 may be operatively coupled to 〇vc 16 via connection 193, as appropriate, and SUC 120 may be operatively coupled to FVC 150 via connection 191 and a feedback voltage line. SMPS 1 〇〇 may additionally Includes optional power factor correction circuitry (not illustrated) to reduce the amount of reactive power drawn by the SMPS. SMps can include other circuitry to enhance electromagnetic compatibility, such as active or passive filters = shielding to suppress The desired harmonics are superimposed back onto the power supply line or otherwise released into the environment. Input Voltage Regulator Input Voltage Regulator (IVC) 110 pre-conditions the input voltage and can include - 138239.doc 15 201004119 Flow and for suppression (for example) from a rectifying component or a filtering component that can otherwise be superimposed on the harmonic content of the voltage vbus. Ivc can comprise a number of different components for rectifying and filtering functions, including, for example, a bridge rectifier or a line rectifier and a Or a plurality of capacitors' inductors or resistors or other devices or components that will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art. An example IVc forming a portion of sMps in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention includes a bridge rectifier ηι having four diodes D1, D2, D3 and D4 U3, and an inductor 55(1) and a capacitor C1 117 Filter element. A transformer for use with SMps in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention can include, for example, a function to enable efficient operation at a switching frequency of between about 2 kHz and several megahertz The core of the realization, can use other known transformers II, including the coreless transformer. The fully designed transformer can provide low power loss, small physical size, low weight and almost no audible vibration. Exceeding the audible range The operating frequency provides quiet operation. The transformer has a secondary side and a secondary side and includes at least a secondary winding and a secondary winding. In one embodiment, there is an auxiliary - 尧 at the secondary side. The transformer can be used to maintain galvanic isolation between the secondary and secondary windings and to avoid the use of other electrically insulating devices such as f-light devices in the feedback regulator of the SMPS. However, different embodiments of the present invention may utilize different types of transformers, including transformers having only - secondary and secondary windings. Output Voltage Regulator 138239.doc 16 - 201004119 Output Voltage Regulator (ovc) Smoothing, Filtering, and Stabilization The transformer provides a voltage at the secondary winding and provides a suitable quality output voltage to a load connected to the output of the SMPS under operating conditions. The OVC for use with the SMPS in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention may include Numerous different devices, including diode 'capacitors, inductors, and optional resistors, or other devices or components that are familiar to those skilled in the art, such as for smoothing, filtering, and stabilizing the output voltage. Other electronic devices can be used in different output voltage regulators, such as integrated regulators, operational amplifiers, and/or other components that will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art. Feedback Voltage Regulator According to one embodiment of the invention and as illustrated in Figure 1, a feedback voltage regulator (FVC) is coupled to one of the auxiliary windings of the transformer. The purpose of the FVC is to provide a feedback voltage Vfb indicative of the output voltage of the SMPS. Referring to FIG. 1B, an exemplary FVC 15A suitable for use with an SMPS in accordance with one of many embodiments of the present invention includes a forward biased diode D3 152, a resistor R4 154, a polarization capacitor c3 156, and a ground. Connect in series. Figure 1B also illustrates an illustration of an example electronic valve d2 153 and transformer 13A. As illustrated in FIG. 1B, the RC element including resistor R4 and capacitor C3 is coupled to the auxiliary winding of the transformer via diode D3 and is waved and smoothed by the voltage provided by the auxiliary winding to provide a feedback voltage at the anode of the capacitor. Vfb. Optionally, in one embodiment, a fully configured FVC (not shown) can be operatively coupled to the output voltage regulator via connection 193 to provide a feedback voltage that is more accurately correlated with the output voltage of the SMPS. The connection 138239.doc -17- 201004119 can be used, for example, to provide a direct indication of the instantaneous output voltage via an optoelectronic device. This - connection provides - a more accurate follow-up of the output signal of the s-deleted output under different load conditions. Muscle_Use Readback to determine the pulse train used to switch the hopper and the feedback house can be used to power at least some portions of the switching control circuit (scc) under operating conditions. Alternatively, in another embodiment A, a transformer having only one and a secondary winding (not shown) may be employed and a fully configured FVC (not illustrated) may be lightly coupled to the second Secondary winding. For a galvanic isolation, this one may include, for example, other optoelectronic devices. The FVC can be configured such that the feedback voltage it provides is sufficiently correlated with the output electrical dust in a linear, proportional, or other suitable predetermined manner to be calibrated to adequately respond to changes in the feedback voltage to maintain a desired The SMps output voltage. Switching Control Circuit The switching control circuit (SCC) for use with one of the S M p s - S according to the present invention comprises a switching element 145 and a pulse generator 143, as illustrated in the figure. The pulse generator is used to operate the opening and closing of the switching element. The switching element is connected in parallel with the primary winding of the transformer to be able to interrupt the flow of current and thus the supply of electrical energy to the primary side of the transformer. The switching element can be an on or off contact electronic switch, such as a power field effect transistor or other suitable controllable power electronic switch that will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art. Pulse generator 143 provides a switching signal to switching element 145. The pulse generator may comprise, for example, a pulse width modulator for generating pulses at a fixed interval with a variable pulse width or for generating a fixed length pulse at a variable interval or repetition 138239.doc -18-201004119 Pulse code modulators or pulse position modulators or other configurations that will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art. The switching control circuit is configured to repeatedly open and close the switching element corresponding to the voltage Vce at the input of the switching control circuit. Depending on the embodiment of the invention, Vec may correspond to the feedback voltage vfb or it may deviate from Vfb by a predetermined amount, such as in an embodiment employing an optional electronic valve 153. The SCC determines if the feedback voltage deviates from a predetermined value (which may be fixed or adjustable within a predetermined range) and determines an error signal. The SCC corresponds to the error t-number to confirm the pulse train to increase or decrease the average electrical energy supplied to the primary winding of the transformer 13 〇. For example, in the SMW controlled by the pWM, the duration of the on period of the switching pulse is extended or reduced corresponding to the error signal. In general, a PWM control is configured to extend the current flow duration and thereby increase the time average of the electrical energy supplied to the transformer whenever the error signal indicates that the output voltage is lower than the desired output voltage. Conversely, when the output voltage is too high, the SCC reduces the supplied electrical energy ^ Scc to be configured to determine the magnitude of the extension and reduction based on the magnitude of the error signal. Depending on the amount of power converted by the SMPS, the switching element 145 can include a power transistor such as a bipolar transistor, an insulated gate bipolar transistor, a suitable FET (eg, a power MOSFET), or a suitable thyristor (eg, a The gate shuts off the sluice fluid) or other power transistors that will be easy to understand. The starter circuit is configured to be used with the SMPS in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention to provide power for the job switching control circuit during the transition period, for example, to the feedback voltage, for example, after the SMPS is turned on. A predetermined value of 138239.doc -19- 201004119 is reached. This transition period typically begins with the initialization of the SMPS turn-on and continues until the feedback voltage line 190 provides sufficient operation and maintains the electrical power of the SCC operation. Figures 2, 3, 4 and 5 illustrate examples of starter circuits for different embodiments of SMPS in accordance with the present invention. Each of the example start-up circuits can be used to power the SCC during the transition period until the feedback voltage vfb is sufficiently high and the SCC can be substantially operated via the secondary side of the transformer. A transition period can occur, for example, immediately after the SMPS is turned on. The invention will now be elucidated with reference to specific examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the embodiments of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that for the purposes of this description, all figures are included, the same reference to resistors, capacitors, inductors, diodes or transistors in electronic circuits (with the corresponding letters R, C, L, D or The beginning of Q followed by a number does not necessarily indicate the same nature of the device being mentioned. For example, capacitor C2 of Figure 2 does not need to be of the same type or have the same characteristics as capacitor C2 of Figure 3 or another diagram or circuit. EXAMPLES Example 1: The start-up circuit illustrated in Figure 2 includes a plurality of devices including a series resistor R1 201, R2 202 and a forward pole for providing a gate voltage to a field effect transistor (FET) Q1 204. The RC component of capacitor C2 203. The source of FET Q1 is connected to 乂 - and the drain of (5) butyl is connected to the series connection of forward biased diode D5 205, resistor R3 206 and reverse biased Zener diode D6 207. For example, feT Q1 can be a ρ channel increase 138239.doc • 20- 201004119 strong mode DMOS FET. Polarized capacitor C3 209 is connected in parallel to Zener diode D6 as illustrated. Polarized capacitors C2 and C3 can be of the electrolytic type. The anode of capacitor C3 is connected to Vcc. Capacitor C3 is additionally coupled to vbus via resistor R4 208.
電容器C3 209可藉由電阻器R4 208及FET Q1 204、二極 體D5 205及電阻器R3 206之串聯連接來充電。齊納二極體 D6 207限制Vcc同時電容器C3 209幫助穩定Vcc。電容器C2 203處之電荷及電壓對應於Vbus而變化且該電荷及電壓之改 Γ 變速率由包含電阻器R1 201、R2 202及電容器C2 203之RC 元件之時間常數確定。該RC元件確保在瞬態週期期間FET Q1之閘極電壓跟隨Vbus之變化。該閘極電壓以一由RC元件 Rl、R2及C2之時間常數確定之延遲方式跟隨Vbus。隨著電 容器C2充電，Ve(^FET Q1處之閘極電壓上升，且FET Q1 之源極-没極電阻增加，且經由FET Q1所提供之用於C3 209之充電電流及經由電阻器R3之功率損耗降低直至FET Q1切斷為止。電容器C3大致上充滿電之後，¥“穩定在大 * ’ 約齊納二極體D6之反向擊穿電壓。 電阻器R4 208在一瞬態週期結束之後提供殘留充電電流 且在瞬態週期期間還向電容器C3 2〇9提供額外充電電流， 從而可幫助改良Vcc上升時間。另一選擇為，電阻器R4可 係無窮或在起動電路中缺失（未進行圖解說明而且，齊 納二極體D6 207之陰極可經由一可選電阻器（未進行圖解 說明）連接至電谷器C3之陽極而非所圖解說明之電阻可忽 略之直接連接。 138239.doc -21 - 201004119 實例2 : 圖3根據本發明實施例圖解說明用於一 SMPS之一起動電 路之另一實例。由於目標係在一預定週期内使vec達到一 預定量值，因此起動電路可提供足夠電力以能夠作業sec 且使SMPS過渡為穩定之作業條件直至可藉由變壓器之二 次側提供足夠之用於作業SMPS之電力為止。 實例起動電路包含Vbus端子連接至電阻器ri 220、FET Q1 221及電阻器R2 222及R3 223之一串聯連接。FET Q1 22 1之閘極連接至R2及R3之串聯連接，如所圖解說明。例 如，FET Q1可係一空乏式FET，例如一空乏sM〇SFET。 FET Q1之源極串聯連接至二極體D1 226，該二極體01 226 又串聯連接至電容器C1 225及C2 224。電容器C1&C2並聯 連接。起動電路之提供用於作業切換控制電路之Vw之電 壓端子連接至電容器C1之陰極。 對於圖3中所圖解說明之實例起動電路，達到一預定 量值所花費之時間相依於包含電阻器R1 22〇及電容器c j 225及〇2 224之11(：元件所形成之時間常數。 在VbUS之增加或Vcc之降低期間，FET 221接通且經由 其源極-汲極溝道至少部分地傳到電流，藉此使電阻器R1 220與並行的電容sci 225及C2 224有效地串聯連接。在 電容器C1及C2藉由電阻器R1充電時，電壓Vcc上升。起動 電路可經組態以使得當ν“上升時，FET Q1之源極電壓快 於FET Q1之閘極電壓上升，此由電阻器R2 222及r3 223之 值所確定。在橫跨FET Q〗之閘極_源極電壓變為負之後， 138239.doc -22· 201004119 FET Q1切斷其源極-沒極溝道。電阻器r 1、R2及R3經組態 以便當Vec達到一預定量值時FET Q1切斷，該預定量值足 以作業SMPS，直至經由變壓器之二次側提供的回饋電壓 達到一可將SMPS過渡至穩定作業條件之量值為止。 在圖3中所圊解說明之起動電路之實例實施例中，由 電阻器R2 222及R3 223之量值之比率（該比率被fet Q1 221 放大）確定。因此，R2及R3之比率變化被擴大為Vec之一變 化。由此，可需要準確地校準與FET Q1組合之電阻器R2 (" 及R3以在作業期間獲得充分準確及穩定之Vce量值。 實例3 : 圖4圖解說明類似於圖3中所圖解說明之起動電路之另一 實例起動電路。圖4之起動電路不同於圖3之起動電路，此 乃因電阻器R3 223被齊納二極體D4 230所替代（如所圖解 說明）’從而有助於減低裝置性質偏離其正常值之效應且 穩定起動電路之作業條件。如已容易地知曉，裝置性質偏 離其正常值可係由於製造公差所致。例如，在作業條件 。 下，典型MOSFET裝置之汲極·源極電壓擴展可係相當大 的。圖4之起動電路可被有效地再生產及製造，而不需要 對該起動電路中所採用之某些類型之裝置之嚴格選擇或準 確裝箱。 如圖4中所圖解說明，FET Q1 221之閘極連接至齊納二 極體D4 230之陰極。因此，每當FET Q1之源極_汲極溝道 充分導電時，FET Q1之閘極電壓大致上限於齊納二極體 D4之擊穿電壓。此導致一相對狭窄Vec作業電壓範圍。 138239.doc -23» 201004119 實例4 : 圖5根據本發明圖解說明用於_SMps之其他實例起動電 路。所圖解說明之實例sue提供改良之再現性及穩定的作 業條件以及減小之對裝置特性之變化之脆弱性。此實例 ㈣確保’當必要時FET Q1221徹底且快速地切斷，藉此 知:供電阻器R1 220中之低功率損耗。 與圖4之實例SUC相比且如圖5中所圖解說明，電晶體卩二 240、齊納二極體D5 242及電阻器R5 24丨之一組合協助fet Q1 22!之間極電壓產生。電晶體以之集極連接至fet以 221之間極及齊納二極體D4 23〇之陰極。電晶體Q2之射極 接地。電阻器R5 241使電晶體Q2之基極接地。齊納二極體 D5 242還使電晶體Q2 240之基極連接至回饋電壓調節器 150所提供之Vfb。齊納二極體D5 242受偏壓，如圖$中所 圖解說明。 包含電晶體Q2 240、齊納二極體D5 242及電阻器尺5 241 之額外組件可經組態以提供一具有極短回應時間之起動電 路。例如，當Vfb上升時，電晶體Q2之基極處之電壓上升Capacitor C3 209 can be charged by a series connection of resistor R4 208 and FET Q1 204, diode D5 205, and resistor R3 206. Zener diode D6 207 limits Vcc while capacitor C3 209 helps stabilize Vcc. The charge and voltage at capacitor C2 203 vary in response to Vbus and the rate of change in charge and voltage is determined by the time constant of the RC component comprising resistors R1 201, R2 202 and capacitor C2 203. The RC element ensures that the gate voltage of FET Q1 follows the change in Vbus during the transient period. The gate voltage follows Vbus in a delayed manner determined by the time constants of RC elements R1, R2, and C2. As the capacitor C2 is charged, the gate voltage at the FET Q1 rises, and the source-no-pole resistance of the FET Q1 increases, and the charging current for the C3 209 supplied via the FET Q1 and via the resistor R3 The power loss is reduced until the FET Q1 is turned off. After the capacitor C3 is substantially fully charged, it is “stabilized at the large*' reverse breakdown voltage of the Jonah diode D6. The resistor R4 208 is provided after the end of a transient period. Residual charging current and additional charging current to capacitor C3 2〇9 during the transient period can help improve Vcc rise time. Another option is that resistor R4 can be infinite or missing in the startup circuit (not illustrated) Note that the cathode of Zener diode D6 207 can be connected to the anode of electric grid C3 via an optional resistor (not illustrated) rather than the negligible direct connection of the illustrated resistance. 138239.doc - 21 - 201004119 Example 2: Figure 3 illustrates another example of a starting circuit for an SMPS in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. Since the target is to cause vec to reach a predetermined amount within a predetermined period, The circuit can provide sufficient power to operate sec and transition the SMPS to stable operating conditions until sufficient power for the operating SMPS can be provided by the secondary side of the transformer. The example starting circuit includes a Vbus terminal connected to resistor ri 220 FET Q1 221 and one of resistors R2 222 and R3 223 are connected in series. The gate of FET Q1 22 1 is connected to the series connection of R2 and R3 as illustrated. For example, FET Q1 can be a depletion FET, for example A depletion sM〇SFET. The source of FET Q1 is connected in series to diode D1 226, which in turn is connected in series to capacitors C1 225 and C2 224. Capacitors C1 & C2 are connected in parallel. The voltage terminal of Vw of the job switching control circuit is connected to the cathode of capacitor C1. For the example starting circuit illustrated in Figure 3, the time taken to reach a predetermined amount depends on the inclusion of resistor R1 22〇 and capacitor cj 225 and 〇 2 224 of 11 (: the time constant formed by the component. During the increase of VbUS or the decrease of Vcc, FET 221 is turned on and at least partially passes current through its source-drain channel, This effectively connects resistor R1 220 with parallel capacitors sci 225 and C2 224. When capacitors C1 and C2 are charged by resistor R1, voltage Vcc rises. The startup circuit can be configured such that when ν "rises" The source voltage of FET Q1 is faster than the gate voltage of FET Q1, which is determined by the values of resistors R2 222 and r3 223. After the gate _ source voltage across FET Q becomes negative, 138239 .doc -22· 201004119 FET Q1 cuts off its source-no-polar channel. Resistors r 1 , R2 and R3 are configured such that when Vec reaches a predetermined magnitude, FET Q1 is turned off, the predetermined amount being sufficient to operate SMPS until the feedback voltage provided via the secondary side of the transformer reaches a transition of SMPS Until the amount of stable operating conditions. In the example embodiment of the start-up circuit illustrated in Figure 3, the ratio of the magnitudes of resistors R2 222 and R3 223 (which is amplified by fet Q1 221) is determined. Therefore, the ratio change of R2 and R3 is expanded to a change in Vec. Thus, it may be desirable to accurately calibrate resistor R2 (" and R3 in combination with FET Q1 to obtain a sufficiently accurate and stable Vce magnitude during operation. Example 3: Figure 4 illustrates similar to that illustrated in Figure 3. Another example of the starting circuit is the starting circuit. The starting circuit of Figure 4 differs from the starting circuit of Figure 3 in that resistor R3 223 is replaced by Zener diode D4 230 (as illustrated). To reduce the effect of the device properties from deviating from their normal values and to stabilize the operating conditions of the starting circuit. As is readily known, the deviation of device properties from their normal values may be due to manufacturing tolerances. For example, under operating conditions, typical MOSFET devices The drain-source voltage extension can be quite large. The start-up circuit of Figure 4 can be efficiently remanufactured and fabricated without the need for strict selection or accurate binning of certain types of devices used in the start-up circuit. As illustrated in Figure 4, the gate of FET Q1 221 is coupled to the cathode of Zener diode D4 230. Thus, the gate voltage of FET Q1 whenever the source-drain channel of FET Q1 is sufficiently conductive This is limited to the breakdown voltage of the Zener diode D4. This results in a relatively narrow Vec operating voltage range. 138239.doc -23» 201004119 Example 4: Figure 5 illustrates other example starting circuits for _SMps in accordance with the present invention. The illustrated example provides improved reproducibility and stable operating conditions as well as reduced vulnerability to changes in device characteristics. This example (4) ensures that FET Q1221 is cut off completely and quickly when necessary, thereby : low power loss in resistor R1 220. Compared to the example SUC of Figure 4 and as illustrated in Figure 5, one of transistor 240240, Zener diode D5 242 and resistor R5 24丨The combination assists in the generation of the pole voltage between the fet Q1 22! The transistor is connected to the cathode of the 221 pole and the Zener diode D4 23〇. The emitter of the transistor Q2 is grounded. Resistor R5 241 The base of transistor Q2 is grounded. Zener diode D5 242 also connects the base of transistor Q2 240 to Vfb provided by feedback voltage regulator 150. Zener diode D5 242 is biased as shown Illustrated in $. Contains transistor Q2 240, Zener diode Additional components of body D5 242 and resistor scale 5 241 can be configured to provide a start-up circuit with a very short response time. For example, when Vfb rises, the voltage at the base of transistor Q2 rises.
且接通電晶體Q2，從而有效地使齊納二極體D4短路。FET Q1 221上之閘極·源極電壓可如此快速地下落至一值，該 值確保FET Q1在一短的預定週期内關斷起動電路。此外， 若vcc下落，（例如，當SMPS之輸出短路時）或若SMPS中發 生某些類型之故障，則電晶體q2之基極射極路徑迅速地變 得具有高度抵抗性且接通FET Q1，從而又使vcc上升且重 啟 SMPS。 138239.doc •24- 201004119 儘管本文中已闡述並圖解說明若干發明實施例，但熟悉 此項技術者將易於構想用於實施該功能及/或獲得該等結 果及/或本文所述之優點中之一者或多者之各種其他構件 及/或結構，且認為此等變化形式及/或修改中之每一者皆 在本文中所述之發明實施例之範圍内。更一般而言，熟悉 此項技術者將易於理解，本文中所述之所有參數、尺寸、 材料及組態意指實例性且實際參數、尺寸、材料及/或組 態將相依於本發明之教示内容用於之一個或多個具體應And the transistor Q2 is turned on, thereby effectively short-circuiting the Zener diode D4. The gate-to-source voltage on FET Q1 221 can fall so quickly to a value that ensures that FET Q1 turns off the startup circuit for a short predetermined period. In addition, if vcc falls, (eg, when the output of the SMPS is shorted) or if some type of fault occurs in the SMPS, the base emitter path of the transistor q2 quickly becomes highly resistant and the FET Q1 is turned on. , which in turn causes vcc to rise and restarts the SMPS. 138239.doc • 24-201004119 Although a number of inventive embodiments have been illustrated and illustrated herein, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the functionality can be implemented and/or obtained in the results and/or advantages described herein. Each of the various other components and/or structures of one or more are considered to be within the scope of the embodiments of the invention described herein. More generally, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that all of the parameters, dimensions, materials, and configurations described herein are exemplary and actual parameters, dimensions, materials, and/or configurations will be dependent on the present invention. The teaching content is used for one or more specific
用。彼等熟習此項技術者僅使用常規實驗即可認識或能夠 確定本文中所述具體本發明實施例之許多等效物。因此， 應瞭解前述實施例僅係以舉例方式呈現且在歸屬於隨附申 請專利範圍及其等效物之條件下，可與所特定閣述及主張 不同地實施本發明實施例。本揭示内容之發明實施例係針 對本文中所述之每一個別特徵、系統、物件、材料、工具 及/或方法。另外，若此等特徵、系統、物件、材料、工 具及/或方法不相互矛盾，則兩個或更多個此等特徵、系 統、物件、材料、X具及/或方法之任何組合包含於本揭 不内容之發明範圍内。 之所有疋義理解為控制辭典定 之定義及/或所定義術語之普 應將本文中所界定及使用 義、以引用方式併入文檔中 通意思。 之不定冠詞 否則皆意 應將本文巾在說明書及中請專利範圍中 一 ("a”及” an”)理解為除非明確地指示及 指''至少一個”。 138239.doc -25- 201004119 應將如本文巾 ㈣”及書中及在中請專利範圍中所使用之 "" 為.¾扣如此結合在一起之元件（亦即，在 某些情況下聯人左+ η «存在且在其他情況下分離存在之元件）中 之任一者或兩者，，。應以相同方式詮釋用"及/或”列出之多 個元件’亦即如此結合之元件中之"一者或多者" "及/或，'子句所牲宁崎口丨- ® ，6线別之70件以外，視情況，還可存在其 他元件，不管装彻私站〜 疋』甘你共 目其與所特定識別之彼等元件相關還是無關。 ::二非限制實例，當對，，錢/或… =鲁"包括")使用時，其，在一個實罐，可 中:況，包含_之外之元件);在另-實施例 中，包含除Α之外之元件）；在又—實施例 、曰β兩者（視情況，包含其他元件）等。 二或.. 離-清單中之若干項時，應將:戈。例如，當分 亦即包含眾多元件：元件二:或及/或”閣釋為包含， ^々 件/月皁中之至少一者（但還包含盆 二：如者)及(視情況)額外未列出項。僅明確指示反面 -㈣範圍中僅其中之一者”或其中之確切一者或當用在申 二中之二：由……：成”)將指包含眾多元件或元件清 力”在、目7^件。一般而言，本文中所使用之術語" =面有排外性術語(例如，”或者”、"其中之一者二 排外選擇=，其中之確切—者”)時應僅將其解釋為指： Γ= ”一個或另一個而非兩者")。”基本上 成’(當用在申請專利範圍中時)應具有如其用於 138239.doc 26 - 201004119 專利法律領域中之普通意思。 如在本文中在說明書及申請專利範圍中所使用，應瞭 解，詞語關於一個或多個元件之清單中之，，至少一者”惫= 選自該元件清單中之若干元件之任一者或 曰 ^ ^ ^ — in 元件，但未必包含該元件清單内所特定列出之每個元件中 之至少一者且不排除該元件清單中元件之任何組合。此定 義還允許：除詞語，，至少-者，，所指之元件清單内所特定二 別之元件之外’可視情況存在其他元件，無論其與所特定 識別之彼等元件相關還是不相關。因此，作為—非限制〇 例，，’A及B中之至少一者"（或，等效地，”A.中之至少 -者”，或等效地”A及/或B中之至少一者”)可在一個實二 例中指代至少-個A，視情況包含多於—個A而不存在 B(且視情況包含除Μ外之元件）；在另—實施例中，指代 至少-個Β，視情況包含多於一個Β，而不存在α(且^情 況包含除Α之外之元件）；在又一實施例中，指代至少一個 A ’視情況包含多於-個a，且至少—個b，視情況包含多 於一個B(且視情況包含其他元件）等。 亦應瞭解’除㈣確指示反面，否則在本文中主張之包 含多於-個步驟或動作之任何方法中，該方法之步驟或動 作之次序不必限於敍述該方法之步驟或動作之次序。 在申請專利範圍中以及在上文說明書中，應將所有轉折 詞語（例如，”包括”、”包含"、，，攜帶"、"具有”、"含有”、，，涉 及持有 ^ ......構成"等）理解為係開放端，亦即意 才曰匕3仁不限於。僅轉折詞語"由......組成，'及，，基本上 138239.doc -27· 201004119 由…組成”分別應為閉合或半閉合轉折詞語。 【圖式簡單說明】 ==中，相似之參考字符通常係指所有不同視圖 冋零件。另外’該等圖式未必符合比例，而重點通 常在於圖解說明本發明之原理。 圖1根據本發明之-實施例圖解說明-具有-起動電路 之SMPS之方塊圖。 圖1A根據本發明之一實施例圖解說明用於一 之實 f ^ 例輸入電麼調節器。 圖1 B根據本發明之一實施例圖解說明用於一 之實 例回饋電壓調節器。 圖2根據本發明之一實施例圖解說明用於一 SMPS之一起 動電路。 圖3根據本發明之另一實施例圖解說明用於一 sMps之一 起動電路。 圖4根據本發明之另一實施例圖解說明用於一 SMPS之一 ^ 起動電路。 圖5根據本發明之另一實施例圖解說明用於一 SMPS之一 起動電路。 【主要元件符號說明】 100 切換模式電源供應器 110 輸入電壓調節器 113 二極體 Dl、D2、D3 及 D4 115 電感線圈L1 138239.doc •28· 201004119 117 電容器Cl 120 起動電路 130 變壓器 140 切換控制電路 143 脈衝產生器 145 通或斷接觸開關 150 回饋電壓調節器 152 正向偏壓二極體D3 、 153 電子閥 154 電阻器R4 156 極化電容器C3 160 輸出電壓調節器 190 回饋電壓線 191 連接 193 連接 201 電阻器R1 J 202 電阻器R2 203 正向極化電容器C2 204 場效應電晶體（FET) Q1 205 正向偏壓二極體D5 206 電阻器R3 207 反向偏壓齊納二極體D6 208 電阻器R4 209 極化電容器C3 138239.doc ·29· 201004119 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 230 240 241 242 電阻器R1 FET Q1 電阻器R2 電阻器R3 電容器C2 電容器Cl 二極體D1 齊納二極體D4 電晶體Q2 電阻器R5 齊納二極體D5 138239.doc -30-use. Those skilled in the art will recognize or be able to ascertain many equivalents of the specific embodiments of the invention described herein. Therefore, it is to be understood that the foregoing embodiments of the invention may be The inventive embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to each individual feature, system, article, material, tool, and/or method described herein. In addition, if such features, systems, articles, materials, tools, and/or methods do not contradict each other, any combination of two or more such features, systems, articles, materials, devices, and/or methods are included This disclosure is not within the scope of the invention. All singular meanings are intended to govern the definition of the dictionary and/or the definition of the terms defined herein, which are defined and used herein by reference. Indefinite articles or equivalents should be understood in the specification and in the scope of patents ("a" and "an") unless otherwise explicitly indicated and referred to as "at least one". 138239.doc -25- 201004119 The elements used in this article (4) and in the book and in the scope of the patents should be such a combination of components (ie, in some cases Any one or both of the person left + η «existing and otherwise separating the existing components", should interpret the multiple components listed with "and/or" in the same way In the component, "one or more" "" & / or ' clauses in the Ningzaki mouth 丨 - ® , 70 lines of 6 lines, depending on the situation, there may be other components, regardless of It is irrelevant whether it is related to the components of the specific identification. :: Two non-restricted instances, when, yes, money / or ... = Lu "include") when used, in a real can, can be: condition, including components other than _; in another implementation In the example, the elements other than Α are included; in addition, the embodiment, 曰β (including other elements as the case may be), and the like. Two or .. off - several items in the list, should be: Ge. For example, a sub-division consists of a number of components: component two: or and/or "eclosure", at least one of the components/monthly soap (but also contains basin 2: as such) and (as appropriate) additional Items not listed. Only clearly indicate that the reverse side - (4) only one of the ranges "or the exact one of them or when used in the second of the two: from: ":") will refer to the inclusion of numerous components or components. The force is in the order of 7^ pieces. In general, the term "=face used in this article has an exclusive term (for example, "or", "and one of the two out-of-row choices =, where the exact one") should only be interpreted as Means: Γ = "one or the other, not both". "Substantially" (when used in the scope of the patent application) shall have the ordinary meaning as it is used in the field of patent law of 138239.doc 26 - 201004119. As used herein in the specification and patent application, it should be understood , in the list of words or elements, at least one of 惫= is selected from any of the components in the list of components or 曰^^^-in components, but does not necessarily include At least one of the specific listed components does not exclude any combination of the components in the component list. This definition also allows for the presence of other elements, other than words, at least, and the particular elements specified in the list of elements referred to, whether or not they are related or unrelated to the particular identified component. Thus, as a non-limiting example, at least one of 'A and B' (or, equivalently, at least - in A.), or equivalently in "A and/or B" At least one of the "" can refer to at least one A in a real two, as the case includes more than - A without B (and optionally includes elements other than Μ); in another embodiment, Generations of at least one Β, as the case may include more than one Β, without α (and the case includes elements other than Α); in yet another embodiment, referring to at least one A 'as the case contains more than - a, and at least - b, as the case may include more than one B (and optionally other components). It should also be understood that the term "steps" or "actions" are not necessarily limited to the order of the steps or actions of the method. In the scope of the patent application and in the above description, all the words of the transition (for example, "including", "including", ",", carrying ", "having", "containing" ^ ...... constitutes "etc.) is understood as the open end, that is, the meaning is not limited to. Only the turning words " consists of, 'and, basically 138239 .doc -27· 201004119 "Consisting of" shall be closed or semi-closed transition words, respectively. [Simple description of the diagram] In ==, similar reference characters usually refer to all different views. In addition, the drawings are not necessarily to scale, and the emphasis is generally to illustrate the principles of the invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 is a block diagram of an SMPS having a start-up circuit in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 1A illustrates an embodiment of an input device for use in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1B illustrates an embodiment feedback voltage regulator for use in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 illustrates a shared circuit for an SMPS in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 illustrates one of the starting circuits for a sMps in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4 illustrates one of the starting circuits for an SMPS in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention. Figure 5 illustrates a start-up circuit for an SMPS in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention. [Main component symbol description] 100 Switching mode power supply 110 Input voltage regulator 113 Diodes D1, D2, D3 and D4 115 Inductor L1 138239.doc •28· 201004119 117 Capacitor Cl 120 Starting circuit 130 Transformer 140 Switching control Circuit 143 pulse generator 145 on or off contact switch 150 feedback voltage regulator 152 forward bias diode D3, 153 electronic valve 154 resistor R4 156 polarization capacitor C3 160 output voltage regulator 190 feedback voltage line 191 connection 193 Connection 201 Resistor R1 J 202 Resistor R2 203 Forward Polarized Capacitor C2 204 Field Effect Transistor (FET) Q1 205 Forward Bias Diode D5 206 Resistor R3 207 Reverse Bias Zener Diode D6 208 Resistor R4 209 Polarized capacitor C3 138239.doc ·29· 201004119 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 230 240 241 242 Resistor R1 FET Q1 Resistor R2 Resistor R3 Capacitor C2 Capacitor Cl Dipole D1 Zener Dipole Body D4 transistor Q2 resistor R5 Zener diode D5 138239.doc -30-