200931770 九、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係一種自行車直流發電裝置，尤指一種利用無 刷直流馬達作為發電元件而產生電力，並透過一電源轉換 電路將產生的電力轉換為一直流電以提供小型電子元件自 行車照明之工作電壓。 【先前技術】 自行車發電裝置係一種安裝於自行車上，將車輪轉動 ® 所產生的機械動能透過電子元件轉換產生電能，以此電能 作為照明自行車上照明燈具的工作電源。 本國新型專利公告第M308563號「自行車發電機結 構改良」係一種安裝於自行車花轂上的發電裝置，該發電 裝置係形成一中空軸孔，以供發電裝置對應套設於花轂。 該發電裝置的内部元件主要包含一轉盤、一固定套設於該 轉盤上的環形磁鐵、兩形成有複數磁感的鐵爪座，與一夾 °又於兩鐵爪之間的線圈組等。當自行車轉動時，將帶動轉 盤及磁鐵產生旋轉動作，兩鐵爪座及所夾設的線圈組係相 對磁鐵維持不動，如此可在線圈組上感應產生電動勢。 則述自行車發電裝置在組裝方面相當不便，由於發電 裝置係套設在輪轴上，且必須設於前又桿内侧以螺帽鎖迫 固定，因此該發電裝置僅能應用於特定構造的自行車，當 料Μ度不足以裝設發電裝置時，必須整根抽換，故難 、廣乏適用在各種款式的車輛上。再者，前述發電裝置的 發電效率相當有限’由於發電裝置係整體直接套設於自行 4 200931770 車的輪軸上，^部轉盤及磁鐵轉動的次數係等同於輪轴 的轉動圈數，因从你土、，π — 因此使用者必須化費較多力氣踩踏自行 能產生足夠所需的電力。 又則述自料發電裝置所產生的電力，係透過該線圈 組的導線傳遞至一外部的電力轉換裝置，將發電裝置產 =電力轉換成所需的電力型態及準&，如此才能提供給 後續的應用元件警示燈或照明燈。換言之，在同一自 行車體上必須同時裝設有一發電裝置及電力轉換裝置，不 僅設置成本高，且組裝、接線方面亦變得更為複雜。 【發明内容】 為克服現有自行車發電裝置在發電效率、應用安装、 電力轉換的種種問冑’本發明主要目的係提供—種自行車 直^發電裝置’可有效提高發電效率，且於單—裝置内即 整合發電、電力轉換功能，$而降低發電裝置裝配在自行 車上時的作業複雜程度。 ❹ 為達成前述目的，本發明之自行車直流發電裝置係包 含有： 開 外殼，係具有一中空本體，於該本體底部形成一 轉盤，係設於忒外殼内部而可相對外殼轉動，該轉 盤由一片體之周緣彎折形成一側壁而構成，於該側壁之内 表面固設一環形磁鐵，於該片體之表面係設有一轴心，該 軸心自前述外殼延伸穿出； —定子組，係設於前述外殼内部，該定子組包含多數 5 200931770 個線圈組，且各線圈組係由前述環形磁鐵環繞於其内側； 一電路板，係設於前述外殼内部並於前述定子組電性 連接’將定子組產生之電力轉換為一直流電壓； 一底座，係固設於前述外殼的開口，該底座之底面係 設有至少一與前述電路板電性連接之供電插頭。 藉由前述元件配置，電力產生及轉換作業均由單一裝 置即可完成，且隨著自行車車輪的轉動，軸心便可輕易帶 動轉盤上的環形磁鐵相對定子組旋轉，進而產生感應電 ® 力’透過該底座上的供電插頭提供一穩定的直流電壓予一 負載。 【實施方式】 請參考第一、二圖所示，本發明直流發電裝置主要元 件包含一外殼（10)、一轉蓋（2〇)、一定子組（3 〇)、一電路板（40)及一底座（50)。 該外殼（10)係包含一中空圓筒狀的本體及一自本 體頂緣向上延伸一體形成的中空套管（1 1 )，該套管（1 1 )之外徑係小於本體外徑’該本體底部則形成一開口， 於套管（11)末端係可設置一滾子（12)。 該轉蓋（2 0)係設於前述外殼（1 〇)内部，以一 圓形片體之周緣向下彎折形成一側壁（2 1 )而構成，於 該側壁（21)内壁面係固設有一環形磁鐵（22)，於 轉蓋（20)頂面係固設有一轴心（2 3)，當轉蓋（2 〇)容置於外殼（1 0)内部時，軸心（2 3)係延伸出 該套管（11)外部，並進一步貫穿前述滾子（12)後， 6 200931770 以螺巾自（1 3 )配合一滑環（1 4 )將+工,，0、 ;將滾子（1 2 )螺固 於轴心（2 3 )的頂端。 該定子組（30)係受轉蓋^ vzu)所罩覆，包含有 -固定座（3 1 )與複數圓狀排列於該固定座⑴）上 的線圈組（32) ’本實施例中採用可提供三相電力的綠 圈組（32)，自線圈組（32)中延伸出複數條導線 3 ) ° ❹ ❹ 該電路板（40)係設於前述定子組（3〇)的下方， 電路板（4 0)上係、設有複數電子零件以構成—電源轉換 電路，提供電力轉⑫、整流、輪出等功能，前述來自定子 組（3G)的導線（33)係連接於該電路板（4〇)， 有關此電路板（4 0 )上的電源轉換電路將務後詳述。 底座（50)可供前述定子組（3〇)及電路板（4 0)-併螺固結合，並封合於該外殼（iq)的下方開口 處使定子、'且（30)及電路板（4〇)牢固設於外殼（丄 0)内’於該底S ( 50)的底面係進一步設置至少一供 電插頭（5 1 ) ’該供電插頭（5 1 )透過導線（4 3 ) 與前述電路板（40) f性連接，其型態可為供電插座、 USB母座、USB接頭、插頭式連接器等，係視應用方式而 選擇適合規格的連接器’以分別連接不同型態的負載，第 一、二圖所示的供電插頭（5 1)係由兩個並排的USB母 座構成。 請參考第三圖所示，為該電路板（4〇)上的電源轉 換電路圖包3有.一二相全波整流電路（4丄），係以 7 200931770 六顆二極體所構成，每兩顆二極體係串接為一組，每組二 極組的串接節點為一輸入端，故該三相全波整流電路（4 1 )之三個輸入端係連接定子組（3 〇 )當中不同的線圈 組（3 2)，將發電產生的交流電壓轉換為一直流電壓， 於該三相全波整流電路（4 1 )的二輸出端之間係可並聯 有數個輸出電容（42)，以提供濾波效果。 第四圖所示的電壓波形係為經過整流、濾波後的直流 電壓波形，如虛線所示的原交流三相弦波，經過轉換後係 成為如實線所示的穩定直流電壓。 該輸出電容（4 2 )的兩端即作為直流電壓的輸出端， 連接於底座（50)上的供電插頭（51)。以第五圖為 例，供電插頭（51)係一插座式連接器，所連接的負載 為自行車上的前燈（61)、後燈（62)，並分別透過 設於則燈（61)、後燈（62)迴路上的一前燈開關（6 3)及-後燈開關（64)控制其點亮，關閉。請參考第 ❹ 六圖，該供電插頭（5 i )亦可連接於手機其它小型電子 裝置以提供充電功能，對此類電子裝置内部的蓄電池（7 0 )進行充電作業。 如：七圖所示，為本發明實際應用於自行車的裝設示 二父流發電裝置係固接於自行車的本體上，而其滚子 著車㈣Γ與車輪直接接觸’當使用者騎乘自行車時，隨 者車輪轉動’將-併帶動滾子（1 2)旋轉，由於滚子（1 2)係與轉盤（20 )的軸心（2 3 ) _由於，衰子（1 〇)内的環形磁鐵（22)係於定子組（3〇)外圍具有 8 200931770 旋轉動作’從而使定 電路板（40)nu 〇)產生感應電壓，透過該 利用前述方式，!Γ業而輸出一穩定的直流電壓。 冬 式本發明係具有以下優點： 1 ·當車輪轉動一圈時，前述滾子與環 多圈的轉動動作’故得以提供較高的發電效率。鐵已具有 各種二=行作鱼業亦是相當簡便’能適用於 不須考量自行車之輪軸長度。 ❹ A 3由於發電裝置係將磁鐵作為轉子，以線圈組 弋子目此，可以利用較輕微的力量施於踏板 ^ 驅動轉子旋轉，對制者而言能減輕其體力負^ ^ 4。發電組件及電力轉換組件均設置於同一外殼整 構成單裝置’可降低安裝的複雜度並降低成本。 【圖式簡單說明】 第一圖係本發明自行車直流發電裝置一立體分解圖。 第一圖係本發明自行車直流發電裝置一組合剖視圖。 第二圖係本發明電源轉換電路之電路圖。 第四圖係本發明直流輸出電壓之波形圖。 第五圖係本發明連接自行車前、後燈之電路示意圖。 第六圖係本發明連接電子裝置之蓄電池的電路示意 第七圖係本發明裝設於自行車之應用示意圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 外殼 （11)套管 9 200931770 (12)滾子 (14)滑片 (2 0 )轉蓋 (2 2 )環形磁鐵 (3 0 )定子組 (3 2 )線圈組 (4 0 )電路板 (4 2 )輸出電容 ❹ （5 0 )底座 (6 1 )前燈 (6 3 )前燈開關 (7 0 )蓄電池 (1 3 )螺帽 (2 1 )侧壁 (2 3 )轴心 (3 1 )固定座 (3 3 )導線 (4 1 )三相全波整流電路 (4 3 )導線 (51)供電插頭 (6 2 )後燈 (6 4 )後燈開關 10200931770 IX. Description of the Invention: [Technical Field] The present invention relates to a bicycle DC power generation device, and more particularly to a power generation device using a brushless DC motor as a power generating element, and converting the generated power into a power through a power conversion circuit Direct current to provide operating voltage for bicycle lighting of small electronic components. [Prior Art] A bicycle power generating device is mounted on a bicycle, and the mechanical kinetic energy generated by rotating the wheel is converted into electrical energy through electronic components, and the electric energy is used as a working power source for lighting the lighting device on the bicycle. The domestic new patent publication No. M308563 "Bike Generator Structure Improvement" is a power generation device mounted on a bicycle hub, and the power generation device forms a hollow shaft hole for the power generating device to be sleeved on the flower hub. The internal components of the power generating device mainly include a turntable, a ring magnet fixed on the turntable, two iron claws formed with a plurality of magnetic senses, and a coil set between the two iron claws. When the bicycle rotates, it will drive the rotating disc and the magnet to rotate, and the two iron claw holders and the interposed coil group will remain stationary relative to the magnet, so that an electromotive force can be induced on the coil assembly. The bicycle power generating device is quite inconvenient in assembly. Since the power generating device is sleeved on the axle and must be fixed on the inside of the front pole and locked by a nut, the power generating device can only be applied to a bicycle of a specific configuration. When the material temperature is not enough to install the power generating device, it must be replaced, so it is difficult and wide to be applied to various types of vehicles. Furthermore, the power generation efficiency of the power generating device is quite limited. Since the power generating device is directly sleeved on the axle of the self-propelled 4 200931770 car, the number of turns of the turntable and the magnet is equivalent to the number of revolutions of the axle. Earth, π — Therefore, the user must spend more effort to pedal enough to generate enough power. In addition, the electric power generated by the self-generating power generating device is transmitted to an external power conversion device through the wires of the coil assembly, and the power generation device=electric power is converted into a required power type and quasi-amp; A warning light or a light for subsequent application components. In other words, a power generation device and a power conversion device must be installed simultaneously on the same bicycle body, which is not only expensive, but also complicated in assembly and wiring. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In order to overcome the problems of power generation efficiency, application installation, and power conversion of the existing bicycle power generation device, the main purpose of the present invention is to provide a bicycle straight power generation device, which can effectively improve power generation efficiency, and is in a single device. That is to integrate the power generation and power conversion functions, and reduce the complexity of the operation when the power generating device is mounted on the bicycle.自行车 In order to achieve the foregoing objective, the bicycle DC power generating apparatus of the present invention comprises: an open casing having a hollow body, and a turntable is formed at the bottom of the body, and is disposed inside the casing and rotatable relative to the casing. The periphery of the body is bent to form a side wall, and a ring magnet is fixed on the inner surface of the side wall, and an axial center is disposed on the surface of the body, the axis extends from the outer casing; Provided inside the casing, the stator group comprises a plurality of 5 200931770 coil groups, and each coil group is surrounded by the ring magnet on the inner side thereof; a circuit board is disposed inside the outer casing and electrically connected to the stator group Converting the power generated by the stator set into a DC voltage; a base is fixed to the opening of the outer casing, and the bottom surface of the base is provided with at least one power plug electrically connected to the circuit board. With the aforementioned component configuration, the power generation and conversion operations can be completed by a single device, and as the bicycle wheel rotates, the axis can easily drive the ring magnet on the turntable to rotate relative to the stator set, thereby generating an inductive electric force. A stable DC voltage is supplied to a load through a power plug on the base. [Embodiment] Please refer to the first and second figures. The main components of the DC power generating device of the present invention comprise a casing (10), a rotating cover (2 turns), a certain sub-group (3 〇), and a circuit board (40). And a base (50). The outer casing (10) comprises a hollow cylindrical body and a hollow sleeve (1 1 ) integrally extending upward from the top edge of the body, the outer diameter of the sleeve (1 1 ) is smaller than the outer diameter of the body An opening is formed at the bottom of the body, and a roller (12) is disposed at the end of the sleeve (11). The cover (20) is disposed inside the outer casing (1 〇), and is formed by bending a peripheral edge of a circular piece to form a side wall (2 1 ), and fixing the inner wall surface of the side wall (21) A ring magnet (22) is provided, and an axial center (23) is fixed on the top surface of the rotating cover (20). When the rotating cover (2 〇) is accommodated inside the outer casing (10), the axial center (2 3) ) extending out of the sleeve (11) and further extending through the aforementioned roller (12), 6 200931770 with a scarf from (1 3 ) with a slip ring (1 4 ) will work +, 0, ; The roller (12) is screwed to the top end of the shaft (23). The stator assembly (30) is covered by a rotating cover, and includes a coil assembly (32) having a fixed seat (3 1 ) and a plurality of circularly arranged on the fixed seat (1). A green ring group (32) capable of providing three-phase power, a plurality of wires extending from the coil group (32) 3) ° ❹ ❹ The circuit board (40) is disposed under the stator group (3〇), the circuit The board (40) is provided with a plurality of electronic components to constitute a power conversion circuit, and provides functions such as power conversion 12, rectification, wheeling, etc., and the wire (33) from the stator group (3G) is connected to the circuit board. (4〇), The power conversion circuit on this board (40) will be detailed later. The base (50) can be used for the aforementioned stator assembly (3〇) and the circuit board (40) and screwed together, and sealed to the lower opening of the outer casing (iq) to make the stator, 'and (30) and the circuit board (4〇) is firmly disposed in the outer casing (丄0). Further, at least one power supply plug (5 1 ) is disposed on the bottom surface of the bottom S (50). The power supply plug (5 1 ) transmits the wire (4 3 ) and the foregoing The circuit board (40) is f-connected, and its type can be a power socket, a USB socket, a USB connector, a plug connector, etc., depending on the application mode, a connector suitable for the specification is selected to respectively connect different types of loads. The power plug (5 1) shown in the first and second figures is composed of two side-by-side USB sockets. Please refer to the third figure, for the power conversion circuit diagram on the circuit board (4〇), there is a two-phase full-wave rectification circuit (4丄), which is composed of six 200931770 six diodes, each The two two-pole systems are connected in series, and the serial connection node of each group of two poles is an input terminal, so the three input ends of the three-phase full-wave rectifier circuit (4 1 ) are connected to the stator group (3 〇) The different coil sets (32) convert the AC voltage generated by the power generation into a DC voltage, and a plurality of output capacitors can be connected in parallel between the two output ends of the three-phase full-wave rectifier circuit (4 1 ) (42) To provide a filtering effect. The voltage waveform shown in the fourth figure is the rectified and filtered DC voltage waveform. The original AC three-phase sine wave, as shown by the dotted line, is converted to a stable DC voltage as shown by the solid line. Both ends of the output capacitor (4 2 ) serve as an output terminal of the DC voltage, and are connected to the power supply plug (51) on the base (50). Taking the fifth figure as an example, the power supply plug (51) is a socket type connector, and the connected load is a headlight (61) and a rear lamp (62) on the bicycle, and is respectively disposed through the lamp (61). A headlight switch (6 3) and a rear light switch (64) on the rear lamp (62) circuit control it to light and turn off. Please refer to Figure 1-6. The power plug (5 i ) can also be connected to other small electronic devices of the mobile phone to provide charging function to charge the battery (7 0 ) inside the electronic device. For example, as shown in the seventh figure, the utility model is applied to the bicycle for the installation of the bicycle. The parental power generation device is fixed on the body of the bicycle, and the roller is in contact with the wheel (four) and the wheel directly contacts the user when riding the bicycle. When the wheel rotates 'will-and drives the roller (1 2) to rotate, because the roller (1 2) is attached to the axis of the turntable (20) (2 3 ) _ due to the neutron (1 〇) The ring magnet (22) has an 8 200931770 rotation action on the periphery of the stator set (3〇) to generate an induced voltage for the fixed circuit board (40) nu ,, through which the stable DC output is output. Voltage. The winter type of the present invention has the following advantages: 1. When the wheel is rotated one turn, the aforementioned rotation of the roller and the ring by a plurality of turns enables a higher power generation efficiency. Iron has a variety of two = line fish industry is also quite simple 'can be applied to the length of the axle without considering the bicycle. ❹ A 3 Since the power generating device uses a magnet as the rotor, it is possible to apply a slight force to the pedal to drive the rotor to rotate, which can reduce the physical strength of the rotor. The power generation components and the power conversion components are all disposed in the same casing to form a single device', which reduces the complexity of installation and reduces the cost. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The first figure is an exploded perspective view of a bicycle DC power generating apparatus of the present invention. The first figure is a combined sectional view of the bicycle DC power generating apparatus of the present invention. The second figure is a circuit diagram of the power conversion circuit of the present invention. The fourth figure is a waveform diagram of the DC output voltage of the present invention. The fifth figure is a schematic circuit diagram of the front and rear lamps of the bicycle connected to the present invention. Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the circuit of the battery for connecting the electronic device of the present invention. The seventh figure is a schematic view of the application of the present invention to a bicycle. [Main component symbol description] Housing (11) Bushing 9 200931770 (12) Roller (14) Slide (2 0) Turning cover (2 2 ) Ring magnet (3 0 ) Stator group (3 2 ) Coil set (4 0) board (4 2 ) output capacitor ❹ (5 0 ) base (6 1 ) headlight (6 3 ) headlight switch (7 0 ) battery (1 3 ) nut (2 1 ) side wall (2 3 ) Axis (3 1 ) Fixed seat (3 3 ) Conductor (4 1 ) Three-phase full-wave rectification circuit (4 3 ) Conductor (51) Power supply plug (6 2 ) Rear light (6 4 ) Rear light switch 10