200926572 九、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係與三相永磁同步電機有關 機之電氣參數之量測有關。 、別係與該類電 【先前技術】 隨著科技的進步，旋轉電機已有長 高能量永久磁石問世以後，使磁^，尤其自 現’其應用亦變得更為廣泛。旋轉機得以實 如電阻及電感’係為旋轉電機基本；："氣參數’ 取得正確的基本參數值，妒 之表現，必需先行 ❹ 及運用。然而現行量測“二〜電機進行最有效的控制 式，係使用原動機帶動待測=電=本電氣參數之方 機模式，並於其輪出端加，^待測電機形成發電 由短路測試獲取待測電機之：原動機達到穩態，藉 該電機之電阻值及電减=:之電壓及電流值’以計算 氣參數必須使用相此種方式量測電機之基本電 運轉始能進行，必块行備’且待測電機亦必需實際 …、生嚴重的噪音問題，實極為不便。 【發明内容】 本發明之主要目的 ^ 機基本電氣參數之&旦係在衣提供一種二相永磁同步電 電機參數之量測，；方法’其可於靜止狀態下進行 不必要的噪音問題。冤機無需運轉即可量測，完全避免 6 200926572 本矣明之次要目的，係在於一 機基本t氣表數 、疋七、一種二相水磁同步電 即可進行電機參數之量測 而使用％雜的設備 - 4達上述目的…ί 測之成本及程序。 •轉轴，使复4 機械煞車鎖住待測電機之 文/、無法運轉，控制輸入待 ^刀別達到待測電機之額定電流值及 值：’使電流 電壓值分別為vlnnQ/ ，、50/°值，並記錄對應 流差值之商值° V150% ’再以所得電壓差值除以電 ❹態下，將電氣、、"於向I控制狀 進扞兩茂# » 刀為八個電壓向量，於各個電壓向量下 电&循裱，以步階輸出V150〇/〇的四分之一含+ 定後再輪出Vl50%，笪炷费泣拉— 待電流穩 循環’接著變更電*旦里疋，以此步驟共重覆四次 成所有電壓向旦，^ 覆前述之電壓循環，直至完 ^ ,. D里，取後比較各向量之上升時間並換曾A帝 感值，將最大佶中# 俠w為電 感。 大值疋義為q轴電感，最小值定義為d軸電 ❹ 【實施方式】 感，機，基本電氣參數主要為電機電阻及電機電 阻，第：心：係分為兩階段，第一階段為量测電機電 币一Ρ白#又為夏測電機電感。請參閱第—圖，复 發明於量測雷嬙φ π 士 /、係為本 锌、目丨士時之系統架構圖’係將三相永磁同牛 待測電機-nvn > - a j啤么丨口j步 至： 二電源輸入端MV，娜)分別連接 又須态（1)之輸出端（ϊυ 、IV、IW),控制 出電壓，佶t、去η 文浪裔（I)之輪 使/、達到直流電壓輸入功能，並將待測 7 200926572 之轉軸（未示）以機械煞車（未示）鎖住，使其無法運 轉，續請參閱第五圖’其左半部緣示了電機電阻之量測流 釭，首先技制玄頻裔將電壓以步階型態輸入待測電機（M) ^ ’该步階型係如第二A圖所示，此時監測電流之狀 _ ’當電I升吏電機電流達到額定電流值的1〇〇%(11〇〇%) 時’即暫時停止升高電壓（S11)，記錄此時之輸入電塵值 (V100/〇)(S12) ’ &己錄完畢後再繼續升高電壓，同日寺監測電流 之變化’當電流升尚至額定電流值的15〇% (π5〇%)時，再次 ❿停止升咼電壓（S13)，記錄此時之電壓值(vl5〇%)(sl4)，第二 B圖繪示了電流Pk電壓變化之狀態。藉由歐姆定律可將電 壓值及電流值換算為電阻值(S15)，即： _ Fl 50% —00%200926572 IX. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION: TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to the measurement of electrical parameters of a three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor. , and other types of electricity [Prior Art] With the advancement of technology, the rotating electric machine has a long high-energy permanent magnet, and the application of magnetic, especially self-produced, has become more widespread. The rotating machine can be used as the basic principle of the rotating electric machine; the "gas parameter' obtains the correct basic parameter value, and the performance must be first applied and used. However, the current measurement "two ~ motor to the most effective control type, is the use of the prime mover to drive the test = electricity = the electrical parameters of the square machine mode, and add at its wheel end, ^ the motor to be tested to generate electricity generated by the short circuit test The motor to be tested: the prime mover reaches the steady state, and the resistance value of the motor and the voltage decrease and the current value of the motor are used to calculate the gas parameter. The basic electric operation of the motor must be measured in this way. The motor to be tested must also be practical...a serious noise problem, which is extremely inconvenient. [Summary of the Invention] The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a two-phase permanent magnet synchronization in the basic electrical parameters of the machine. The measurement of the electric motor parameters, the method 'which can carry out unnecessary noise problems in the static state. The machine can be measured without running, completely avoiding the secondary purpose of this 2009, the basic t gas of a machine The number of tables, 疋7, a two-phase hydromagnetic synchronous electric machine can be used to measure the motor parameters and use the % miscellaneous equipment - 4 to achieve the above objectives... The cost and procedure of the test. The mechanical brake locks the text of the motor to be tested, and cannot be operated. The control input is required to reach the rated current value and value of the motor to be tested: 'Make the current and voltage values vlnnQ/, 50/°, respectively, and record the corresponding The quotient of the difference value is V150% 'and the voltage difference is divided by the electric state, and the electric, &" is controlled by I. The knife is eight voltage vectors at each voltage. Vector power down & 裱, with a step output V150 〇 / 〇 of a quarter containing + fixed and then Vl50%, 笪炷 泣 — — 待 待 待 待 待 待 待 待 待 待 待 待 待 待 待 待 待 待 待 待 待 待 待 待 待 待 待 待 待 待 待In this step, the voltage is repeated four times into all voltages, and the voltage cycle is repeated until the end of ^, D, and the rise time of each vector is compared and the value of the A sense is changed. The value of w is the inductance. The large value is the q-axis inductance, and the minimum value is defined as the d-axis power. [Embodiment] The sense, the machine, the basic electrical parameters are mainly the motor resistance and the motor resistance. The heart: the system is divided into two stages. The first stage is to measure the motor electric coin, one white, and the other is the summer motor inductance. Please refer to the figure--, Invented in the measurement of Thunder φ π 士 /, is the system of zinc, the system of the system of the gentleman's system of the three-phase permanent magnet with the cattle to be tested -nvn > - aj beer 丨 mouth j step to: The two power input terminals MV, Na) are respectively connected to the output of the state (1) (ϊυ, IV, IW), control the voltage, 佶t, go to η Wenlang (I) wheel to make /, reach the DC voltage Input function, and the shaft of 200926572 to be tested (not shown) is locked by mechanical brake (not shown), making it unable to run. Please refer to the fifth figure, 'the left half of the shaft shows the flow of motor resistance.釭 First, the technical system of the mysterious frequency input the voltage into the motor to be tested in step mode (M) ^ 'This step type is shown in Figure A, at this time monitoring the current status _ 'When the power is I 吏When the motor current reaches 1〇〇% (11〇〇%) of the rated current value, the voltage is temporarily stopped (S11), and the input dust value (V100/〇) at this time is recorded (S12) ' & recorded After the completion, continue to increase the voltage, the same day to monitor the change of current 'when the current rises to 15额定% (π5〇%) of the rated current value, the ramp-up voltage is stopped again (S13), The voltage value (vl5〇%) at this time (sl4) is recorded, and the second B diagram shows the state of the voltage change of the current Pk. The voltage value and the current value can be converted into a resistance value (S15) by Ohm's law, that is: _ Fl 50% - 00%
Ks =- /j50% —/]〇0% 此處RS即為電機電阻，此即完成第一階段之電機電 阻量測。 $三圖所示者係為待測電機之暫態電壓電流關係圖， 當電壓以步階方式輸入電機（M)時，電流響應曲線係電感 及電阻的函數，故可在已知電機電阻值之情况下，藉由電 壓與電流之相對變化而求出電機電感。 第四圖所示者為本發明於量測電機電感時之系統架構 圖，主要係將d軸及q軸電壓由同步座標軸轉定子座標軸 (synchronous frame to stator frame)(l)，再由兩相轉二相（2)，續做 脈寬調變（PWM)(3)後經變頻器(4)再輸入電機（M)，後將電 流值取出’由三相轉兩相（5)，再由定子座標車由轉同步座標 8 200926572 軸（stator frame to synchronous frame)⑹， 流0 最後輪出d軸及 q車由電 本發明之電機電感量測係利用 向量控制，在機械煞車鎖住電機（、电，知·性，並搭配 三相永磁同步電機之同步d、q轴=狀態下進行量測。 令為零時，兩軸電壓方程式可簡化為予枳式在輪出頻率命 V<>(^ + LirP).i： ‘、’、 K =(Rs + Ld.p).i^ ❹ 其中P為微分項，對於任 響應為： 軸電壓 步^輸入時的電流 K0· ⑻ 其中，、為穩態時之電流反應，&為電機電 阻， 為 ❹ q轴電感，電流響應包含了電感參數。 時，式a可改寫成 當 成立 K0 0.632·-Ks =- /j50% —/]〇0% Here RS is the motor resistance, which completes the motor resistance measurement of the first stage. The figure shown in the three figures is the transient voltage and current relationship diagram of the motor to be tested. When the voltage is input into the motor (M) in steps, the current response curve is a function of the inductance and the resistance, so the known motor resistance value can be known. In the case of the motor, the inductance of the motor is obtained by the relative change in voltage and current. The figure shown in the fourth figure is the system architecture diagram of the invention when measuring the inductance of the motor, mainly by rotating the d-axis and q-axis voltage from the synchronous coordinate to the stator frame (1), and then by the two phases. Turn two phases (2), continue to pulse width modulation (PWM) (3) and then input the motor (M) through the inverter (4), then take the current value out of 'three-phase to two-phase (5), then From the stator coordinate car to the synchronous coordinate 8 200926572 (stator frame to synchronous frame) (6), the flow 0 is the last round of the d-axis and the q-car is controlled by the motor inductance measurement system of the present invention, and the motor is locked in the mechanical brake (, electricity, knowing sex, and with the synchronous d, q axis = state of the three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor to measure. When zero, the two-axis voltage equation can be simplified to pre-emptive at the turn-off frequency life V< ;>(^ + LirP).i: ',', K =(Rs + Ld.p).i^ ❹ where P is a derivative term, and the response for any is: axis current step ^ input current K0 · (8) Among them, the current response in steady state, & is the motor resistance, is the q-axis inductance, and the current response contains the inductance parameter. , A formula can be rewritten as when founded K0 0.632 · -
Rs (b) 電感 由式b可知，當電流上升到穩態值的〇 632 與電阻關係可寫成： ^ ’ 4 = ’0.632 ·及s 其中，、2 間。 電流上升到穩態值的0.632倍時所需 之時 9 200926572 由於機械煞車鎖住，故可任選d、q軸其中一軸作為 電壓命令輸出轴，另一轴則維持電壓命令為零，並將一個 電氣週期，切割成數個電氣角度，在同一個電氣角度下， 依序輸出兩組電壓命令，電機則因電壓差而產生電流暫態 反應，量測電流回授並轉換d、q座標軸後，記錄電流之 上升時間。根據電流上升時間以及先前電阻測試所得到的 電阻值RS ，即可換算相對應的電感值，如此即可在不需 電機運轉之情況下可獲得電感參數。 ❹ 基於以上之演算，本發明提供如下之電機電感量測方 法，即如第五圖右半部所示者。在獲得電機電阻值之後， 於向量控制下將電氣週期分成六個不同的電壓向量（S21)， 理論上若將電氣週期切割愈多不同的電壓向量，所得到的 電機參數將愈為準確，但基於電機參數量測施行所需時間 之考量，將電氣週期切割成六個電壓向量乃為兼顧準確性 及經濟性之最佳切割數。接著在各個電壓向量下，施作電 壓循環，該電壓循環係先在一電壓向量中先以步階輸出 ® V150%的四分之一（S22)，並讀取電流回授（S23)，待電流穩 定後（S24Y)，變更輸出電壓準位為V150% (S25)，此時開始 計時，待電流穩定後（S26Y)停止計時，記錄電壓變換後電 流上升的時間（S27)，步驟S22至S27為一電壓循環，此一 電壓循環共重複四次。前述之低電壓可避免受驅動功率元 件開關上下臂短路的失效時間（dead time)之影響，而造成電 流波形之失真。雖然電機係為機械煞車所鎖住，但在各向 量執行第一次電壓循環時，電機仍會有少許偏轉，造成上 200926572 升電流之變形，故各向量一 採用，坌弟人電壓循裱之電流訊號均不 釗、告拉处。士 ^ w杈私，瓜比較準位，記錄 到達知悲％•的電流值，第二、 a 四-人則疋计异電流達到穩態 值的0.632么所經過的時間筮_ ^ ^ 將弟二、四次時間取平均後， 即&仔该向置電流上升之所需時間。 古f變更另—電廢向量（S29) ’重複步驟S21至S28， ❹ 換讀行完畢。最後時各個向量的上升時間並 換〔為電感值_，、將最大的電感值定義^軸電感 9 ) ’最小的電感定義為d車 機電感之量測。 ’此即凡成電 【圖式簡單說明】 第一圖 第二圖 本發明於量測電機電 電機電阻量測時之試 阻時之系統架構圖。 驗電壓電流對應關係Rs (b) Inductance From equation b, the relationship between 〇 632 and resistance when the current rises to the steady state value can be written as: ^ ' 4 = '0.632 · and s where, , 2 are. When the current rises to 0.632 times the steady state value, it is required. 9 200926572 Because the mechanical brake is locked, one of the d and q axes can be selected as the voltage command output shaft, and the other axis maintains the voltage command to zero. An electrical cycle is cut into several electrical angles. Under the same electrical angle, two sets of voltage commands are sequentially output. The motor generates a transient response due to the voltage difference. After measuring the current feedback and converting the d and q coordinate axes, Record the rise time of the current. According to the current rise time and the resistance value RS obtained by the previous resistance test, the corresponding inductance value can be converted, so that the inductance parameter can be obtained without the motor running. ❹ Based on the above calculations, the present invention provides the following method of measuring the inductance of the motor, as shown in the right half of the fifth figure. After obtaining the motor resistance value, the electrical cycle is divided into six different voltage vectors under vector control (S21). In theory, if the electrical cycle is cut by more different voltage vectors, the obtained motor parameters will be more accurate, but Based on the consideration of the time required for the measurement of the motor parameters, the electrical cycle is cut into six voltage vectors, which is the optimal number of cuts for both accuracy and economy. Then, under each voltage vector, a voltage cycle is applied, which first outputs a quarter of the voltage V150% in a voltage vector (S22), and reads the current feedback (S23). After the current is stabilized (S24Y), the output voltage level is changed to V150% (S25). At this time, the timer starts. After the current is stabilized (S26Y), the timer is stopped, and the time after the voltage conversion is increased (S27), steps S22 to S27. For a voltage cycle, this voltage cycle is repeated a total of four times. The aforementioned low voltage avoids the distortion of the current waveform due to the dead time of the short circuit of the upper and lower arms of the driving power component switch. Although the motor is locked by the mechanical brake, when the first voltage cycle is executed in each vector, the motor will still be slightly deflected, causing the deformation of the current of 200926572. Therefore, each vector is used, and the voltage of the younger brother is used. The current signal is not slammed and the slam is on.士^ w杈 private, melon comparison level, record the current value of the arrival of knowing %, the second, a four-person is the time after the different current reaches the steady state value of 0.632 筮 _ ^ ^ After averaging for four or four times, that is, the time required for the current to rise. The old f changes the other - the electric waste vector (S29) ' repeats steps S21 to S28, ❹ the read-in line is completed. Finally, the rise time of each vector is changed (for the inductance value _, the maximum inductance value defines the ^ axis inductance 9 ) ′ minimum inductance is defined as the measurement of the d motor inductance. ‘This is the singularity of the simplifications】 The first figure The second figure The system architecture diagram of the test resistance when measuring the resistance measurement of the motor electric motor. Verify voltage and current correspondence
Q 第三圖 第四圖 第五圖 待測电機之暫態電壓電流關係圖。 本电明於電機電感時之系統架構圖。 本么月之甩氣參數量測方法流程圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 L..變頻器 S11 〜S15 ’S21 〜S30...步驟 M…待測電機 1.·.同步座標軸轉定子座標軸 200926572Q The third figure The fourth picture The fifth picture shows the transient voltage and current relationship of the motor to be tested. The system architecture diagram of this motor in the motor inductance. Flow chart of the measurement method of the helium parameter in this month. [Main component symbol description] L.. Inverter S11 ~ S15 ‘S21 ~ S30...Step M... Motor to be tested 1.·. Synchronous coordinate axis to stator coordinate axis 200926572
2.. .兩相轉三相 3.. .脈寬調變 4.. .變頻器 5.. .二相轉兩相 6.. .定子座標轴轉同步座標轴 122.. Two-phase to three-phase 3.. Pulse width modulation 4.. . Inverter 5.. Two-phase to two-phase 6.. Stator coordinate axis to synchronous coordinate axis 12