TW200924639A - Edible, biodegradable pet food container and packaging method - Google Patents

Abstract

One embodiment of the present invention is an edible non-human animal container or pet food container comprising water, pregelatinized and native starch, a cross-linker natural fibers, a wax emulsion, a mold release agent, a flavoring agent, and a coloring agent, food grade materials, and wherein the container is of a shape that is attractive to non-human animals.

Description

200924639 VI. Description of the Invention: [Technical Field of the Invention] The present invention relates to the provision of tableware, in particular to the production of edible, biodegradable, and compostable food packaging and The mixed formula of the edible utensils and the method of using the formula. [Prior Art] Conventional disposable disposable tableware is generally one of paper, or paperboard (normally surface coated or impregnated polymeric waterproof material such as wax or polyethylene), or a variety of plastics (most common) Made of polystyrene). In addition, oven-used disposable tableware is made of aluminum or crystalline polyethylene terephthalate (CPET, * Crystalline Polyethylene Terephthalate), which is generally known as dual ovenable plastic. . When introducing Biosphere biodegradable products, it can be seen that children often express a desire to eat the displayed items. And when adults were asked, they also showed interest in edible packaging or edible tableware. The edible, starch-based serving tableware was warmly received by the masses during the launch of the Lillehammer (Norway) Olympics in Norway in the winter of 1994. After use, those products were fed livestock and were free of manufacturing. A lot of garbage. Household and industrial bakers have expressed the desire to use edible molds to make cakes, cakes, muffins, towers, pies, and the like, thus replacing current metal and paper products. In addition to being appealing to children and other customers, the edible packaging materials are now increasingly recognizing the use of “cheap” plastics. 3 200924639 The cost of packaging for the environment may be quite high. For example, the estimated lifespan of a polystyrene cup is about five hundred years, and an average of one hundred cups per year for each American mother. Benzene and ethylene are chemically treated to form polystyrene, both of which are by-products of the petroleum industry, so neither is a renewable energy source. Although there have been significant advances in the technology for refining and processing oil from the environmental records of the petroleum industry since the mid-20th century, there are still established environmental problems in refining petroleum for fuel and chemical manufacturing. Regarding the use of limited natural resources (fossil hydrocarbon stocks), Volkswagen also questioned the use of limited natural resources to create disposable products that exacerbate the problem of waste disposal rather than retaining resources to manufacture durable products. US government sources indicate that the packaging (all types) accounts for 32%/〇 of the weight of the city's solid waste treatment stream. Food packaging accounts for 9% of the waste treatment stream. The cost of municipal waste disposal is likely to increase as landfill regulations become more stringent, and now the landfill is filled and (usually) replaced by more remote locations, so the cost of transporting waste will increase (the price of fuel is also gradually Increased). The packaging of pet food also accounts for a considerable portion of the waste treatment stream. Pet food packaging is estimated to exceed 500 million global markets per year, and the demand for smaller packaging is increasing, including packaging in one size. In the household industry, the smaller the amount of product sold per unit, the greater the ratio of packaging volume to product volume; therefore, the packaging rate for pet food is increasing at a higher rate than the amount of pet food itself. . Materials that are impervious to moisture and that are impermeable to oxygen and other gases include plastic, metal, glass, and plastic coated paper or cardboard. Among these materials, 4 200924639 metal, glass, paperboard, and molded plastics generally provide structural protection and impermeability to packaging products. Plastic film and plastic coated paper packaging mainly provide impervious protection rather than structural protection. In general, more quality packaging is required to achieve structural rigidity than is only necessary to achieve adequate impermeability protection. None of the above materials are biodegradable (also known as biodegradable) or compostable (c〇mp〇staMe) materials. After entering the waste treatment stream (ie, not recycled), these materials will persist and they will remain in the landfill even if both oxygen and moisture have promoted biodegradation. In addition to concerns about waste disposal, some modern studies have shown that certain chemicals used to make plastics (phthalates and other plasticizers) can be harmful to the environment and the human reproductive system even at very low concentrations. It can affect the endocrine (hormonal) system of humans and many other animals. It has been observed that in humans and wild animals, very low concentrations of these compounds can mimic or interfere with the hormones that play an important role in embryonic development. This will lead to the hermaphrodites such as gastropods; fish Females of American crocodiles and some mammals; malformations or deaths of amphibians, fish, and birds; and various human developmental and reproductive biology effects. Although the above studies and many of the conclusions derived therefrom are controversial, 'the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and some transcripts and European regulatory agencies are considering prohibiting or restricting certain benzoic acid with additional regulations. Phthalates. Regardless of how the disputes will be answered in the future, the public is now paying more attention to the safety of plastics and plastieizers used to improve their physical properties. The demand for biodegradable and compostable disposable packaging materials has increased over the past decade. As in March 2003, Taiwan has enacted legislation prohibiting the use of polystyrene foam (P〇lyStyrene f〇am) in disposable packaging. Major cities in mainland China (such as Beijing and Shanghai) also legislate to ban the use of polystyrene foam in disposable packaging. Regarding the US Solid Waste Policy, the website of the American Society of Civil Engineers states that “the problem of over-consumption should be addressed to reduce the manufacturing of non-essential items, packaging, and disposable products. Consumption is the goal. The toxic materials used in products and packaging and the by-products produced as toxic materials should be minimized.” Unlike plastic, paper and paperboard are made of wood pulp, which is renewable. Material. However, in terms of the regeneration time of wood fibers - the time required for a tree to grow is lengthy, and the chemical treatment used to make white ("bleached") fibers has been found to be harmful to the environment. Unbleached fiber 0-dimensional use can help alleviate these environmentally harmful behaviors, but when agricultural by-product sources are available, the use of slow-growing trees as a source of fiber is itself a problem. Further, in the prior art, starch-based food service articles generally contain two or three major phases: - matrix materials (mainly starch), including inorganic Filling material and / or fiber material. The mechanical properties of the above starch matrix materials are critical to the performance of these products. Unmodified starch, which is roasted, is generally brittle and brittle when dried, but is relatively soft and malleable when starch 6 200924639 contains 5% to 1% moisture. In recent use, when the water content of the powder is "low", fibers are often added to the formulation to increase the flexural strength (fle) and fracture energy of the starch-based product, especially immediately. In the period after dem〇iding. Even if a significant component (1% or more) of fiber is added, the starch-based product is usually very brittle or in a dry environment after demolding. (heating buildings in winter, air-conditioned buildings in summer, year-round desert environment) are very brittle after extended storage. Therefore, the brittle failure of the powder-based products continues to cause problems in the process (especially in Pre-coating or when applied to laminated films, or when the article is used in a dry environment. Furthermore, in the prior art, the recipe for making starch-based biodegradable tableware is usually Contains inorganic mineral fillers (10) with ^fillsU such as carbonic acid mom, silica, calcium sulfate, calcium sulfate hydrate, magnesium siHcate, mica minerals (10) (10) _ ❹mmerals, clay mines (clay such as (4) (8), dioxin.) In the autumn, the above fillers are not biodegradable materials. Products using the above materials as fillers indicate that these materials are natural, renewable, and benign to the environment. However, the treatment of mining (or synthesis) and all inorganic filler materials in itself brings environmental costs. μ Finally, in the current technology, the most commonly used fiber for the destruction of powder-based tableware is wood fiber polyfiber (with paper). The similar products are similar.) Wood fiber poly fiber is the main source material of the paper industry, which is easy to obtain, and the quality and material properties are also consistent with the main elements of the structural elements of the finished tableware. When many sources of agricultural by-products are available, as mentioned earlier, the use of slow-growing trees as a source of fiber is itself a problem. Therefore, an improvement in the manufacture of edible, biodegradable, and compostable disposable utensils A system is required, wherein the above-mentioned disposable utensils can cover all ranges of use including containers, plates, trays, and Consumers will clearly benefit from the introduction of new edible tableware and packaging materials. The society as a whole will clearly benefit from the reduction in the total amount of food packaging materials in the municipal solid waste treatment stream. Reducing the proportion of permanent non-biodegradable food packaging from municipal waste streams is essential. Combines edible, compostable, and biodegradable materials to achieve structural rigidity and is coated with a minimum amount of plastic film or plastic. Layered paper, but the development of packaging systems that can block moisture, moisture, oxygen, and contaminants will be extremely helpful. In addition, no matter how much the final effect will occur, the packaging materials are all natural and edible ingredients. It will reduce the impact of plasticizers on the environment and human health. For consumers who are worried, the edible materials can be used as a substitute for plastic until the debate on this topic is waived. The current technology also needs to be improved so that the mineral filler can be used _: and the biodegradable or recyclable organic material can be used as a by-product of the second-based agricultural material, and the c-material is manufactured as another - after the start of the process And the formulation 'incorporating fiber material from annual non-materials', especially when the material is in the current manufacture: 8 200924639 [Summary of the Invention] In certain embodiments, the present invention provides a mixed formulation for manufacturing Edible, biodegradable, and compostable pet food packaging and food products and methods of using the formula. In certain embodiments, the present invention provides a container for an edible non-human animal food comprising starch, water, and processed fibrous material. In one embodiment, the starch may be pregelatinized starch, unc〇〇ked starch, natural starch, water-resistant starch, or a combination thereof. . In another embodiment, the 'added X fiber material can comprise fibers having a length greater than about 4 mm (mm) to about 25 mm long, fibers having a length between about 5 mm and about 5 mm, and/or Or fibers having a length of less than about 0.5 mm. In another embodiment, the edible non-human animal food container may further comprise a protein or a polymer: wherein the protein or polymer reduces the brilliance of the edible pet food container. In another embodiment, the edible non-human animal food capacity Hit may comprise €, 蠓 emulsion (career (10) coffee (four), release agent (four) ld ^ easing agent), coloring agent, flavoring agent, pest control agent ΓΓΓΓ 1 agent ), vitamins, or a combination thereof. The edible container of food may be of any desired shape, for example, similar to the shape of a bone, ",", or rodent. In certain embodiments of the invention, a non-human animal is provided. An edible utensil comprising: (1) 3 first packaged for (d) containing a powder, water, and processed fibrous tree material; and a quantity of non-human animal food contained in the edible non-human animal food container 9 200924639; (3) A packaging material may also be selectively provided. ❹ The present invention also provides a provisioning-modeling device for making a baked goods, comprising: a cavity in which the shape of the baked article is desired and a slit to The model device releases a gas or vapor; a mass or semi-liquid mixture to the model device; and heating the model device? Forming a skin between the fluid or semi-liquid mixture and the surface of the model device - wherein the skin For the purpose of the heating process, the body wire is permeable or semi-permeable, wherein the outer skin and the gap allow the steaming or rolling body to be discharged from the cavity to the outside of the model device. detailed The detailed description and specific examples of the present invention are intended to be a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but are merely illustrative, and are familiar to those skilled in the art. Various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

The detailed description is to be considered in all respect The explicit description herein is merely illustrative of various embodiments of the invention. The specific modifications discussed herein are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. It is apparent that those skilled in the art will recognize that various changes, modifications, and alterations may be made in the equivalents of the invention. The terminology used in the specification is to be construed in the Some terms that are interpreted in any limited way by the detailed description itself may be emphasized in the following description; however, any term is clearly and specifically defined as 0 ❹ if the context allows, singular or plural They may each include their respective plural or singular forms. In addition, unless it is used to understand that it only points to a single object and excludes other objects in the form containing the two (=) pieces, in the form "or the use is interpreted as containing (4) in the form. Any of the items in any single item, (8) form, or (c) any combination of items in the form. Embodiments of the present invention provide an edible and relatively ice-cold cone: the formula is more The packaging material, which maintains its functionality in the oven and microwave environment. Typical applications for this implementation include a tougher ice cream cone, pie, muffin cake and hays). Contains hot dog utensils (h〇lders), candy wrappers, ice cream containers, biscuit wrappers, and containers for snacks. The product can be protected from moisture by coating an edible and moisture-proof coating on the container. The long-term preservation of food requires a sealed barrier 16 to insulate moisture and oxygen. Conventional coated paper or plastic film materials can be used as a material for barriers. Edible, compostable, and biodegradable hard interiors. (insert) is used to maintain and protect food. Containers for pet food can also be made in accordance with the present invention. These containers are not only edible, but (unlike many conventional packaging materials) are also safe for pet teeth. This novel pet edible package can be seasoned and used as a "reward" when the pet is finished, or as part of a meal. Photo 11 200924639 Pet food packaging will provide dietary fiber from extra sources of pets, reduce the amount of pet food packaging that is transported to the landfill in the current waste treatment stream, and increase the overall efficiency of pet food delivery by removing disposable packaging materials. . Edible packaging items (tolerances, plates, trays, bowls, cones, and cups, and other new forms of utensils) that can be produced in accordance with one of the formulations of the present invention, comprising water, starch; optionally containing A combination of natural fiber materials to serve as a structural element in a baked article (having a number of sizes large and small) '卩 and as an inexpensive organic substitute for replacing the inorganic filler; optionally comprising a protein and a natural copolymer compound Reducing the brittleness of the articles to be used in a dry environment, and preventing the articles from breaking after formation when the article itself is dry; optionally containing the water repellency of the enamel or loam dairy articles; optionally including demolding Agent - 22 agents to reduce adhesion between the baked portion and the module system; and optionally include food grade pigments and/or flavoring agents to increase the appeal of the article to the sensation. There are several sources of starch that can be obtained. Sources of starch may include, but are not limited to, 'plant sources, such as tubers, roots, seeds, and/or fruits of plants, and specific plant sources may include corn, potato, tree, rice, or wheat, or the like. Or animal sources, such as glycogen (glyc〇gen). In some embodiments, the starch is a combination of pre-gelatinized and uncooked or daily (four) powder. In some embodiments, the pre-gelatinized powder in the formula has a weight percentage deviation of about 0% to 30%, and the weight percentage of the total powder in the formula is more than 〇%. Less than 3〇%, or 3% to about 2〇%, or 12 200924639 more than 5% and less than or about equal to 20%, or more than 7% and less than 15°/〇, or more than 5% Less than 15% is preferred. The above starch may comprise food grade starch (pre-gelatinized or uncooked) modified by cross-linking, stabilization, or addition of a fat-soluble functional group to increase the resistance of the product to softening when exposed to liquid foods. (resistance). In some embodiments, the starch may be a waterproof starch, and the powder may be a modified starch, an unmodified starch having a high-amylose starch, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the waterproof starch mash may be, for example, a chemically modified temple powder, such as an alkenyl succinic anhydride modified starch, an acetic anhydride modified starch, or a vinyl acetate. Modified temple powder, acrolein modified starch, epichlorohydrin modified starch, phosphorous oxychloride modified starch, sodium trimetaphosphate modified temple powder, or A propylene oxide modified temple powder, or an analogue thereof; an unmodified; a temple powder, such as a high amylose starch; any other starch known in the prior art to have a water-repellent property; or a combination thereof. For example, the starch component can comprise natural starch, pre-gelatinized powder, high amylose, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the starch component can be comprised of one or more water repellent starches. The above waterproof starch may be a general starch chemically modified to achieve waterproofing, for example, alkenyl succinic anhydride modified starch, acetic anhydride modified starch, vinyl acetate modified starch, acrolein modified starch, epichlorohydrin modified starch, trigas monooxide Phosphorus modified starch, sodium trimetaphosphate modified starch, or propylene acrylate modified temple powder, or an analogue thereof, or unrefined by itself, natural waterproofing 13 200924639 starch, for example, high amylose starch; or any other in the prior art Starches having waterproof properties are known; or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the water-repellent portion of the above starch component may comprise a chemically modified waterproof starch, a natural water-repellent high amylose starch, or a combination thereof. One of the above starch components uses a water-repellent powder system to increase the moisture resistance of the finished product. ° In the paper industry, insolubilizing compounds (or cross-linking agents) are used to make the coating. A water-repellent coating on paper to increase its printability and reduce its susceptibility to moisture. An insolubilizer useful in the present invention includes, but is not limited to, an aqueous solution comprising a modified ethanedial, a glyoxal-based reagent, an ammonium zirconium carbonate, a carbonated carbonic acid. Potassium zirconium carbonate, and polyamide-epichlorohydrin compounds. The content of the active ingredient in the hydrating agent used is up to 20% by weight of the above starch (including both natural starch and pregelatinized starch mash), and preferably in the range of from about 0.1% to about 20% by weight of the starch. It is related to the cross-linking system used and its specific application. It has been found that in some instances, in order to maximize the efficiency of the hydrating agent used, it is necessary to adjust the pH of the formulation prior to the addition of the water resistant compound. It has also been found that for certain formulation formulations, some of the water resistant agent reacts with the mixture at low temperatures to cause the mixture to become too thick prior to molding. In these examples, a water resistant agent having the desired properties should be selected. 200924639 Proteins and natural copolymeric compounds can include, but are not limited to, articles derived from casein, soy protein isolates or concentrates, or the like. One of the above products can be prepared by the following three steps: cooking an aqueous solution of casein or soy protein isolate (weight percent about 1 〇 0 / 〇), as recommended by the usual manufacturer (generally by soaking) After hydrating the protein', gradually increase the temperature and pH of the solution to 180 〇F and pH = 9~9.5 ' and then maintain the temperature at 18 〇叩 to 15 minutes); 2) cool the above preparation to room temperature; Step 3) Add an antiseptic agent and mix well. The preferred concentration of the preservative in the above preparation is 〇1〇/〇 or lower, depending on the shelf life required for the protein solution, the protein concentration required in the final product, and the government-developed food. It is determined by the specification of the preservative content in the regulations. In some embodiments, a latex is added, and a preferred ratio of latex to casein in the preparation is between 2:1 (solid: solid), and a better ratio is between about 】 To about 1_8:1, and the best ratio is about i 48·〗. However, the ratio of latex to casein can be made according to the specific needs of the container. Other proteins may also be used in combination or separately with the preparation of casein or soy protein to enhance the water repellency of the container. For example, the above proteins may include an albumen, gelatin, or the like. Several natural fiber materials can be used in combination to simultaneously serve as structural elements in the baked article (having several sizes) and as an inexpensive organic filler. The fiber element is used to simultaneously control the wet baUer mold. Molding characteristics and structural stability of the finished tableware. Although the aspect ratio of the fiber length to the fiber used in the formulation has a continuity of (2009), (10) tinuum, (4) the fiber portion of the Under normal conditions, it can be divided into three grades (according to the length of the fiber) to suit different functions. Long or very long fibers (4 to 25 mm or longer) or composite fibers (Co-* rows (4) are used to form the mesh. The meshw〇rk helps prevent it from becoming a defect when the batter is molded and expanded. Medium-length fibers (〇5 to 5 mm) can also help control the wet batter. Fluid characteristics, and is suitable for increasing the toughness of the finished tableware to prevent it from breaking during handling or normal use. Short fibers (less than 0.5 mm) are mainly used as a tool to introduce biodegradable materials into the crucible. In the formulation, the filler material, wherein the filler material is more water-repellent than the filler material, the melon powder matrix is more waterproof. (All forms of fiber provide this function, but the properties provided by medium, long, and very long fibers are molded. It is necessary for operation and use. The short fiber elements mainly contribute to the waterproofness brought by it.) In the composition of the production container, the fibers in the matrix powder are dispersed to each fiber and are separated from other fibers. Preferably, the shorter fibers may be used together selectively or by other filler materials having the same advantages as the short fibers. For example, such fillers may include organic and inorganic aggregates (aggregates) Such as calcium carbonate, strontium oxide (SiliCa), calcium sulfate, calcium sulfate hydrate, magnesium silicate, mica mineral (micace〇us Minerais), clay mmeralS), titanium dioxide, talc, etc. The concentration of aggregates and / or short fibers may range from 〇% to about 25% of the total dry weight of the formula, between the total dry weight of the formula Between about 2. to about 20%, between about 5% to about 15% of the total dry weight of the formulation, between 5% and about 2% of the total dry weight of the formulation, or between the total formulation The dry weight is between about 7% and about 17%, or between about 7% and about 17% of the total dry weight of the formulation 16 200924639. In one aspect of the invention, the organic filler material can include ' For example, 'grinded nut shells such as walnut shells; ground wood such as wood flour; ground cellulose such as ground bamboo pulp; or any combination thereof. The organic filler material allows the fibrous material to comprise short fibers. The organic filler material can be used alone as a filler material or in combination with other filler materials. When the organic filler material is used alone, its preferred concentration is exemplified by a ground walnut shell, which accounts for about 8% of the dry weight. Ο ❹ The above formulations generally contain fibers from several sources. Higher quality fibers from grass or reed varieties provide medium length fibers which contribute most to the structural stability and elasticity of the finished product. Fibers or composite fibers of lengths up to very long may be derived from slightly processed agricultural by-products such as mashed, finely sized, or ground to a suitably sized stem or chaff material, or from sources of traditional long cellulose fibers. Such as cotton or short cotton thieves (c〇_ linters). Under appropriate processing conditions (such as grinding with a shovel or a knife), these materials can also provide a very short amount of fiber that can be used to replace the powder and increase the water resistance of the finished product. Grinded wood (four) type of fiber material, such as wood powder 'ground cellulose, such as ground bamboo pulp; ground nut shell (or other hard, lignin-rich plant material); or any combination thereof, also available Organic, relatively water-repellent, biodegradable fibers to replace conventional filler materials. Moreover, these are suitable as structural elements in the temple-based serving tableware.

Other sources of fiber are readily available. K, ± wind has paid for the above - some of the fibers are from fast-growing plants, broadly 曰' take, right and 5 are characterized by grasses or reeds, such as kenaf and bamboo, The fiber supplied by the 広^ 匕 source is smaller than the environmental cost of the 17 200924639 fiber taken from the tree. The growing part of the fiber industry utilizes the above plants to obtain fibers. In many instances, the quality and consistency of the fiber from the plant (after processing) is in line with the supply of the company. In addition, the fiber is a by-product of the agricultural process and is also saliva: available. For example, #, stem, and chaff are ready-made for fiber materials, although they are not as good as the fiber quality of wood or better varieties of grass, but they are by-products, so There is basically no additional environmental cost (no more than the cost of producing the main crop). ^ The fiber materials described herein as included in the formulation may vary greatly in fiber length and fiber aspect ratio. However, as a whole, it is preferred that the material has an average fiber length of less than 2 mm and an average fiber aspect ratio of from 5:1 to 25:1. The wax or wax emulsion suitable for increasing water repellency in the formulation is a stable aqueous emulsion, usually from (Brazil) palm wax (car wax), candelilla wax (candelilla wax) Made from rice bran wax, paraffin, or any other food-grade ant: plant mites are better than animal mites and mineral mites, and natural mites are better than various synthetic mites. The choice of wax type is based on the specific application of the finished product and the nature of the desired product. The preparation of emulsions is usually accomplished by emulsifying agents and mechanical agitation. Examples of wax emulsions suitable for use in the present formulation include emulsified (Brazil) carnauba wax and candelilla wax. All emulsifiers approved for use in foods (emulsiHers) can be used here, including (but not limited to) 18 200924639 sorbitan monostearate, polysorbate 60 , Polysorbate 65, Polysorbate 80, food grade gums (eg, arabinogalactan, carrageenan, Fucelin) (furcelleran/furcellaran), xanthan), stear monoglyceridyl citrate, succistearin, hydroxylated Lecithin), and many other compounds.关 In the use of a wax substitute, the dry weight concentration of an added component or an emulsion thereof may range from greater than 0% to about 15% or about 0. 5% to about 10%. The additive component may include epoxidized vegetable oil, hydrogenated triglyceride, PVAc, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl acetate-ethylene copolymer (VAE, poly(vinylacetate-) Ethylene) copolymer), poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer) (EVA), ^ or a combination thereof. A mold release agent, or abherent, is used to reduce the adhesion between the baked portion and the module system. Examples of particular release agents suitable for use in the present formulation include, but are not limited to, 'metal stearate compounds (eg, stearic acid, magnesium, calcium, potassium, sodium, or zinc stearic acid) Salts, fatty acids (eg, oleic acid, linoleic acid), fats, oils, or the like, or any combination of the foregoing. The coloring agent used in the present formulation is preferably a pigment which is hardly soluble in water and can be safely used in foods. 19 200924639 is preferred (for example, iron oxide, ultramarine, chrome-Ilu Oxidation (chromium-cobalt-aluminum oxides), ferric ammonium ferrocyanide, ferric ferrocyanide, manganese violet, carbazole violet )). Alternatively, a combination of a color lake colorant, a water soluble food dye, and a pigment, or a combination of a pigment and a lake and/or a dye may be used in some applications. In certain embodiments, novel compositions and methods of manufacture for making biodegradable, starch based, hydrophobic articles are provided. In some embodiments, a composition comprising a biodegradable fiber component has a fiber component having a dry weight content of between about 5% and 40% and a starch component having a dry weight content of between about 40% and about 94. Between 5%, and the dry weight content of an additive component is between about 0% and 15%. The above additive components may include epoxidized vegetable oil, gasified triglyceride, polyvinyl acetate (PVAc), polyvinyl acetate-ethylene copolymer (VAE), polyethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), or A combination of them. In certain embodiments, the above additive component may have a dry weight content of about 0. Between 5% and 10%. In some embodiments, the biodegradable fiber component described above comprises natural fibers, and the natural fibers may comprise wood fibers, non-wood fibers, or animal weaves. In some embodiments, the biodegradable fiber component comprises a biodegradable synthetic fiber. In some embodiments, the starch component described above may comprise an organic filler material having a starch to filler ratio of between about 10:1 and 1:1, and typically a typical starch to filler ratio of about 3:1. 200924639: In some embodiments, the above additives may be present in an amount of about, in some embodiments, the additive component is hydrogenated triglyceride 6 oxidized vegetable oil, or a polymer, and the polymer is selected from polyacetic acid. A family of polymers consisting of PVAc, polyethylene acetate vinegar copolymer (vae), and polyethylene-acetate copolymer (EVA). - In some embodiments, 'an aqueous mixture comprising a composition as described herein' wherein the mixture may comprise a water content sufficient to allow the composition to be molded after sufficient temperature and sufficient time to form Bio © Decomposable, disposable, and waterproof articles. In some embodiments, the water content is between about 40% and about 80%. In some embodiments, the above-mentioned powder-killing component comprises a combination of natural temple powder and pre-gelatinized meal, and the ratio of fiber to pre-gelatinized starch is between about 3:1. The above composition may further comprise magnesium stearate, an ant, a crosslinking agent, or any combination thereof. These embodiments are intended to describe a method of making a biodegradable, temple based, waterproof article. The above method comprises the addition of an aqueous solution mixture comprising the composition described herein to a mold apparatus having a cavity. The above mixture is heated in a molding apparatus, heated at a sufficient temperature and heated for a time sufficient to form the mixture into a stable form and form a skin on the outer surface thereof, wherein the mixture is heated with the surface of the cavity contact. The molding apparatus includes at least one slit for allowing vapor to be discharged from the slit into the cavity of the molding apparatus without losing significant of the mixture from the gap. In some embodiments, the above mixture material fills the cavity by expansion upon heating. Some embodiments are used to describe a sigma sigma comprising the composition 21 200924639 described herein, wherein the article is a biodegradable and waterproof article, and in some embodiments, the article is a compostable article. In some embodiments, the article of manufacture is a tableware, a packaging material, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the above product is an approved edible food. Some embodiments are used to describe a method for making biodegradable, starch based, and waterproof articles. The above method comprises preparing a mixture comprising a biodegradable fiber component and a starch component. The above bio-cleavable fiber component may have a dry weight basis content of between about 5% and about 40%, and the starch component may have a dry weight basis of from about 40/Torr to about 94. . Between 5%. The dry weight component of the additive component added to the above mixture may be between about 0. Between 5% and about 1%. Further, the above additive component may include polyvinyl acetate (PVAc), polyvinyl acetate-ethylene copolymer (VAE), polyethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), or a combination thereof. An aqueous component is added to the above mixture to produce an aqueous composition wherein the aqueous component comprises sufficient levels of water to form the composition into a desired form. The above composition having the desired appearance is heated at a sufficient temperature for a sufficient period of time to produce a biodegradable, leave-on, and waterproof article of manufacture. Some embodiments are used to describe a method for making articles that have enhanced strength while being biodegradable, starch-based, and waterproof. The method comprises preparing a mixture comprising a biodegradable fiber component and a starch component, wherein the biodegradable fiber component has a dry weight basis content of between about 5% and about 40%, The starch component may have a dry weight basis content of from about 40% to about 94. Between 5%. Adding the amount of the dry weight of the additive component of the mixture of 22 200924639 may be about 0. Between 5% and about 10%, wherein the additive component comprises epoxidized vegetable oil, polyvinyl acetate (PVAc), polyvinyl acetate-ethylene copolymer (VAE), polyethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) , or a combination thereof. An aqueous component is added to the above mixture to produce an aqueous composition wherein the aqueous component contains sufficient levels of water to allow the composition to form a desired profile. The above composition having the desired appearance is heated at a sufficient temperature for a sufficient period of time to produce a biodegradable, leave-up, and water repellent article. ❹ Some embodiments are used to describe a composition comprising a biodegradable fiber component and a water-repellent starch component, wherein the biodegradable fiber component has a dry weight basis content of between about 5% and about 40%, The water-repellent starch component has a dry weight basis content of from about 40% to about 94. Between 5%. In these embodiments, the water-repellent starch may be, for example, a chemically modified starch, such as alkenyl succinic anhydride gf (alkenyl succinic anhydride) modified temple powder, acetic anhydride modified temple powder, vinyl acetate (vinyl) Acetate) modified starch, acrolein modified starch, epichlorohydrin modified starch, phosphorous oxychloride modified starch, sodium trimetaphosphate modified starch, or propylene oxide (pr〇pyiene oxide) modified starch, or an analogue thereof; unmodified temple powder, such as high-amylose starch; or a combination thereof; or any other known in the prior art having water-repellent properties Starch. In some embodiments, the composition further comprises an additive component having a dry weight basis content of about 〇.  Between 5 % and about 10%, wherein the additive component comprises epoxidized vegetable oil, hydrogenated tri 23 200924639 glyceride, polyvinyl acetate (PVAc), polyvinyl acetate-ethylene copolymer (VAE), polyethylene - Vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), or a combination thereof, may be biodegradable, compostable, or a combination thereof, and may be used in the manufacture to disintegrate in the same manner. article. In some embodiments, a biodegradable material can be broken down into simple compounds such as carbon dioxide, methane, water, inorganic compounds, and biomass, the main mechanism of which is the enzyme action of microorganisms (enzymatic) Action). In some embodiments, a biodegradable material can be rapidly decomposed by microorganisms under natural conditions, for example, under aerobic and/or oxidizing conditions. In some embodiments, a biodegradable material can degrade to monomeric components upon contact with microorganisms, hydrolysis, and/or chemical reactions. Under aerobic conditions, biodegradation converts materials into final products, including carbon dioxide and water. In the anaerobic condition T, the decomposition of the substance can convert the substance into the final product, including carbon dioxide, water, and sputum. In some embodiments, the biodegradation system is mineralization. 'In some embodiments, the difference between biodegradation and compostability is that a biodegradable material is simply decomposed by biological activity (bi〇1〇gical), especially the enzyme function. This material will have no time limit. Significant chemical structural changes occur. The other 'eQmp_bility' can be a biodegradable material. In some embodiments, a compostable material can be biodegraded in a composting system and its biodegradation is completed as it is used in the final use of compost. The criteria for determining whether it is effective composting include, for example, very low levels of heavy metals, no ecotoxicity, and no apparent identifiable residue. Several tests determine whether a composition is biodegradable, compostable, or a material that combines both biodegradable and compostable properties. The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) is defined as, for example, a compostable material that is "a biodegradable material that can be broken down into a material that cannot be visually recognized by a biodegradable space. It is also degraded to carbon dioxide, water, inorganic compounds, and biomass, and its decomposition rate is comparable to that of known compostable materials. In some implementations, 'compostability can be measured by the American Society for Testing and Materials Standard Test Method D5338 (ASTM D5338), while ASTM D5338 utilizes the second level test of the American Society for Testing and Materials Standard Specification D6400 (ASTM D6400). (Tier Two Level testing) is based. In contrast, Europe's definition of compostable material is, for example, a material that can degrade about 90% in a home or industrial compost heap within six months, and materials that meet these criteria can be relied upon. European Standard (European Standard) EN 13432 (2000) is considered "compostable". ® Biodegradation tests vary based on specific test conditions, evaluation methods, and expectations. Therefore, when testing most materials, different experimental methods can produce a reasonable convergence value and lead to similar conclusions. For example, the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) has established ASTM D5338-92 to measure aerobic biodegradability. ASTM D5338-92 measures the percentage of mineralization of a measured substance as a function of time. This test monitors the amount of carbon dioxide released by the assimilation of thermophilic microorganisms present in the active compost at 58 °C. Measurement of CO2 gas production 25 200924639 The test can be determined by electrolytic respirometry. Other standard experimental methods, such as the 301B developed by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), can also be used for testing. In some embodiments, a material can be said to be biodegradable if it can be broken down by 60% or more within 28 days. Please refer to OECD 301D, "closed bottle test" (Economic Cooperation and Development Organization, France). Standard biodegradation tests in the absence of oxygen are described in various experimental methods, such as ASTM 〇 D5511-94. These tests can be used to simulate the biodegradability of materials in an anaerobic solid waste treatment facility or sanitary landfill. The Biodegradable Products Institute (BPI) and the US Composting Council (USCC) use the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM Specifications) to approve the "Compostable Logo". These specifications are used to identify plastic and paper products that can be fully and safely differentiated and bio-decomposed when composted in public or commercial composting sites, like kraft paper, garden pruning and food debris. The Compostable Marks are awarded to any product that complies with ASTM D6400 or D6868 standards based on tests performed by approved independent laboratories. For example, the BPI certification represents a material that meets ASTM D6868 specifications and will be biodegraded quickly and safely when composted in public, commercial, or household use. For example, the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) developed test methods and specifications for compostability, measuring three characteristics: biodegradability, and the absence of ecotoxicity. In order to meet compostable biodegradability standards, this material needs to be converted to carbon dioxide by at least about 60% in 40 days, and less than 10% of the tested material is left in the actual shape and thickness of the discarded product at 2 mm ( Mm) on the screen, as a measure of differentiation. In order to measure no ecotoxicity, by-products of biodegradation must not have a negative impact on seed germination and plant growth, as can be seen by the tests detailed in OECD 208. For example, please refer to http://www. Oecd. Org/dataoecd/l 1/3 1/33653757. Pdf International The International Biodegradable Products Institute will publish a label to certify compostability, for example, once a product has been certified to meet ASTM D6400-99 specifications. The above experimental method is in accordance with the German Standards Institute (DIN, Deutsches Institut fiir Normung eV) 54900, the maximum thickness allowed for complete decomposition in a composting cycle. In some embodiments, the above materials may be completely biodegraded within 60 days, or fully biodegraded within 50 days, 40 days, 30 days, 20 days, 10 days, or any of them. In some embodiments, the percentage of biodegradation of the above materials within 30 days, 28 days, 25 days, 20 days, or any of them may be as high as 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%. , 99%, or any range of them. In some embodiments, the products made from the compositions described in this specification conform to ASTM D6868 specifications for biodegradability. In certain embodiments, a composition described in the present specification comprises a biodegradable fiber component having a dry weight basis content of 27 200924639 of between about 5% and about 40%, of about 15 Between about % and about 30% is preferred; a starch component having a dry weight basis content of from about 40% to about 94. Between 5%, preferably between about 45% and about 75%; and one or more additional ingredients having a dry weight basis content of between greater than 0% and about 15%, with a ratio of about 0. Between 5% and 10% is preferred. In some embodiments, the dry weight of the added component may be between about 1. Between 5% and about 7%. In certain embodiments, the dry weight content of the above added components can range from about 2% to about 5%. The above biodegradable fiber component may include natural fibers, and the natural fiber may include wood fibers, non-wood fibers, or animal fibers such as wool. Wood fibers can be derived from, for example, trees and are sources of primary cellulosic fibers. Non-woody fibers include, but are not limited to, bagasse, bamboo, and straw. Examples of natural fibers may include, but are not limited to, wool, cotton, wood pulp, bamboo, kenaf, flax, jute, hemp, manila hemp ( Abaca), grass, reeds, and the like. The fiber component can also include a mixture of any of the fibers described herein. It is well known to those skilled in the art that any biodegradable synthetic fiber can be used in some embodiments of the invention. Examples of synthetic fibers may include, but are not limited to, polyolefins, polyesters, polyamides, acrylics, rayons, cellulose acetates (cellulose). Acetate), polylactide, polyhydroxyalkanoates, thermoplastic multicomponent fibers (such as conventional sheath-core composite fibers, such as polyethylidene) Tannin-polyethylene 28 200924639 core composite fiber), and the like and mixtures thereof. In many embodiments, the synthetic fibers described above have partial or complete biodegradability, as defined by ASTM D6400. Several natural fiber materials can be used in combination to simultaneously serve as a structural element in the baked article (having several sizes) and as an inexpensive organic filler. The fiber element is used to simultaneously control the molding properties of the wet batter and to enhance the structural stability of the serving tableware and the finished package. Although the fiber length of the fiber that may be used in the formulation is continuous with the aspect ratio of the fiber, the fiber portion of the formulation can be generally classified into three grades (according to the fiber length) to suit different functions. : Long or very long fibers (4 to 25 mm or longer) or composite fiber (c〇mp〇site fiber) elements are used to form a fibrous mesh to help prevent its batter from being molded and expanded. Forming defects; medium length fibers (0. 5~5 mm) can also help control the fluid properties of the wet batter, and is suitable for increasing the toughness of the serving tableware to prevent it from breaking during handling or normal use; short fibers (less than ❾0. 5%) is mainly used as a kind of sanitary ware to attract organisms that can be easily decomposed. The overall length of the longer fibers is shorter because the fiber length is generally larger than the fiber diameter = larger. The fiber is high. The average aspect ratio of long or very long fibers can range from about 40:1 to greater than 1 〇〇〇:1. The average length to diameter ratio of the medium length fibers can range from about 5:1 to about 200:1. The aspect ratio of short fibers is typically less than about 5 〇:1. For example, some filler materials may be used, and the starch matrix containing the filler material is more waterproof. (Several types of fibers can provide i, this work is sturdy, but medium, long, and very long fibers provide the special! Life is necessary for molding, operation and use, and in some implementations 29 200924639 The gas fiber elements in the case mainly contribute to the water resistance brought by it.) The fiber t said that many of the compositions described in the Ming can contain several sources of Λ Λ Λ Λ 苇 苇High-grade (4) (10) provides Zhongzhigong II. This fiber can be used for the structural stability and elasticity of the finished product. 农 Processing of the cultivar to very long fiber or composite fiber can come from the uranium-hui or 麫2 2 product such as shredded , milled, or ground to an appropriate size = under appropriate processing conditions, such as with iron shovel or knife π: some materials can also provide a very small amount of a very short fiber, for = _ substituted part (four), and increase Force-water-based. This 1 research = the fiber material in the form of wood, such as wood powder, vitamins, :: He Yan Ke eight 解 Μ Μ as an organic, more waterproof bio-knife filling to replace the traditional inorganic filling materials. - Some fibers can be obtained from growing fast plant towels, such as package = = hemp ("bamboo. And other _ some fibers are also available at the agricultural system" such as 'grass stem' and stem white is the source of ready-made medium-length fibers. Fiber length and fiber length-to-diameter ratio Both may vary widely in the household, the material may have an average fiber of less than 2 mm and to 25G: 1, about (1) to 125: bb (4) 7 〇: 1, or about 1. The average fiber length ratio of 5:1 to 30:1. : Powder: There are several sources available. The source of the powder may include, but the source of the fruit, such as the tuber (10) ers), the roots, the seeds, and/or the fruit of the plant, and the source of the plant may include corn, potato tree stalk, 200924639 rice, or wheat, or An analog, or animal source, such as glycogen. In some embodiments, the starch is a combination of both pre-gelatinized and uncooked or natural starch. In some embodiments, the pre-gelatinized starch has a weight percent concentration of from about 〇% to about 3% by weight of the total powder in the formulation, and preferably from 3% to 20%, and from 5% to 15%. % is the best. Food grade starch (pre-gelatinized or uncooked) modified via cross-linking, stabilization, or addition of a fat-soluble functional group may be included to increase the resistance of the product to softening when exposed to liquid foods (resistance) ). In some embodiments, the starch may be a waterproof starch, such as a modified starch, such as a chemically modified starch, such as an alkenyl succinic anhydride modified starch, an acetic anhydride modified temple powder, vinyl acetate. Vinyl acetate modified starch, acrolein modified starch, epichl〇r〇hydrin modified starch, phosphorous oxychloride modified starch, sodium trimetaphosphate Starch, or Propylene oxide modified starch, or an analogue thereof; an unmodified starch, such as high amylose; or a combination thereof; or any other powder known in the art to have water repellent properties. In some embodiments, the powder component may comprise amylose. For example, the above-mentioned temple powder component may comprise a natural temple powder, a pre-gelatinized starch, a high linear chain powder, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the starch component can be comprised of one or more water resistant starches. The above waterproof starch may be chemically modified to achieve general waterproofing of the temple powder, for example, alkenyl succinic anhydride modified starch, acetic anhydride modified temple powder, acetic acid modified starch, acrolein modified starch 'epoxychloropropane modified starch, three Chlorine 31 200924639 2 Township decoration; temple powder, sodium trimetaphosphate modified 丨 (four), or propylene-acrylic modified powder, or its class (four), or unmodified itself, the Tianshui Temple powder, for example, straight Chain (4); or a combination thereof, any of which is known in the art: starch having a waterproof property is known. In these embodiments, the water-repellent starch portion of the above starch component may comprise chemically modified waterproof starch, natural water-resistant high amylose starch, or a combination thereof. One of the above starch components uses a waterproof starch to increase the moisture resistance of the finished product. In some embodiments, the starch component comprises an organic filler material wherein the ratio of starch to filler is between about 10:1 and about 1:1. In some embodiments, the starch component may comprise a filler material, most commonly an organic filler' wherein a typical ratio of starch to filler is about 3:1. In many embodiments, the filler is an organic filler. The above organic filler material may include, for example, a 'grinded nut shell such as a walnut shell; ground wood such as wood flour; ground cellulose such as ground bamboo pulp; or any combination thereof. The organic filler material allows the fibrous material to contain short or very short fibers, and the organic filler can be used alone as a filler material or can be used in combination with other filler materials. In some embodiments, the dry weight percent concentration of the organic filler in the composition is between about 0 Torr/〇 and about 30%, or a dry weight percentage between about 5% and about 30%. The organic filler can be used alone as a filler or in combination with other filler materials. In some embodiments, the organic filler material has a dry weight percent concentration in the product of between about 10% and 25%, or between about 15% and 21%. In some embodiments, the staple fibers can be incorporated into the composition together or replaced by other filler materials having the same advantages as staple fibers. For example, the 32 200924639 filler materials may include both organic and inorganic aggregates such as carbonic acid mom, silica, calcium sulfate, calcium sulfate hydrate, magnesium silicate, mica. Minerals (micace〇us minerais), clay minerals, titanium dioxide, talc, etc. The weight percent concentration of aggregates and/or staple fibers may range from 〇% to about 30% of the total dry weight of the formulation, about 2. Between 5% and about 25%, between about 5% and about 20%, between about 5% and about 25%, or between about 7% and about 21%. The addition of ingredients increases the combination of water repellency, strength, or water repellency and strength of the finished product, which is made from a biodegradable, starch-based composition. In some embodiments, the above-mentioned additional components include epoxidized vegetable oil, hydrogenated triglyceride, polyvinyl acetate (PVAc), polyvinyl acetate-ethylene copolymer (VAE), polyethylene-vinyl acetate copolymerization. (EVA), or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the additive component is present in an amount between about 2% and about 5%. In certain embodiments, the above additional ingredients include epoxidized triglycerides. Although it is customary to use it as a plasticizer, especially for polyvinyl chloride (polyvinyl chloride) and polyvinylidene dichloride (PVDC), the epoxidized vegetable oil in the starch-based composite is very Surprisingly, articles that are molded by heating can be made to have a wide range of densities. When epoxidized vegetable oil is used, it is surprising that the manufacture of denser articles does not require longer heating times. Furthermore, items with higher densities are stronger and more cost effective to manufacture than thicker items, as thicker items generally require 33 200924639 longer heating times. The epoxidized triglyceride can be obtained by epoxidizing triglyceride in an unsaturated fatty acid of animal or vegetable origin. Examples of suitable epoxidized vegetable oils include epoxidized linseed oil, epoxidized soybean oil, epoxidized corn oil, epoxidized cotton seed oil, epoxidized perilla oil, epoxidized safflower oil, or Its analogues. In some embodiments, the epoxidized vegetable oils may include epoxidized linseed oil (ELO) and epoxidized soybean oil (ESO). In order to comply with the requirements of the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for food contact, the iodine number of epoxidized linseed oil (ELO) generally needs to be less than 5, and the oxygen content of oxirane is The minimum value is about 9%, while the iodine value of epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) generally needs to be less than about 6, and the minimum oxygen content of oxirane is about 6%. A wide variety of epoxidized vegetable oils can be used herein. In some embodiments, the epoxidized vegetable oil has an epoxide equivalent of from about 400 to about 475. Partially epoxidized vegetable oils can be used in some embodiments. In some embodiments, the epoxidized vegetable oils described above for use in the present invention have an epoxy equivalent weight of less than about 225. For example, the epoxy equivalent 178 of the epoxidized linseed oil can be reacted with a monocarboxylic acid or a monohydric phenol to increase its equivalent weight to 400 to 475. In some embodiments, the above additive components include hydrogenation. Hydrogenated triglyceride. The powder-based biodecomposable composition can be used to increase water repellency, for example, (Brazil) carnauba wax, candelilla wax, paraffin, brown carbon (montan wax) ), polyethylene sulphate, and the like. For example, (Brazil) palm wax is quite expensive and its dry weight content is limited to no more than 3% because 34 200924639 it will distill off steam during molding and plug it into a product for making the composition into a product. The pipeline of the mold device. In some embodiments, a hydrogenated vegetable oil having a melting point between about 54 ° C and 85 ° C can be used in place of the wax to enhance the moisture resistance of the formulation. Suitable hydrogenated triglycerides can be prepared from animal fats or vegetable oils, for example, tallow, lard, peanut oil, soybean oil, canola oil, corn oil, and the like. Suitable hydrogenated vegetable oils include hydrogenated vegetable oils available from EvCo Research, Inc. under the trade names EVCOPEL EVCORR and EVCOPEL 0 EVCEAL. In some embodiments, the hydrogenated triglyceride can be used in concentrations up to 5%. A solid powdered, molten, or milky argon triglyceride may be added to the formulation. The added component can be a polymer. In some embodiments, the additional component is selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl acetate (P VAc or P VA), polyvinyl acetate-ethylene copolymer (VAE), polyethylene-vinyl acetate. Composition of ester copolymer (EVA). When PVAc, VAE, and EVA are added to the starch-based composite, the moisture resistance of the composition can be increased. EVA is a copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate, wherein the weight percentage of vinyl acetate is less than 50%; in addition, VAE is a copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate, of which vinyl acetate The weight percentage is greater than 50%. Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers (EVA's) are typically semicrystalline copolymers having a melting point between about 60 ° C and 110 ° C and a glass transition temperature (Tg, glass transition temperatures) similar to polyethylene. . In addition, vinyl acetate-ethylene copolymer (VAE's) is typically an amorphous polymer (undefined, melting point), and its glass transition 35 200924639 temperature (Tg, s) is about to about 3 〇〇. Between c. In order to facilitate the above-mentioned polymer to be added to the aqueous formulation, the polymer used is preferably in the form of an emulsion or a latices. The above composition may be an aqueous mixture, wherein the mixture contains a water content sufficient to allow the composition to be formed after heating to a sufficient temperature and for a sufficient period of time to form a biodegradable, leave-on, and water-repellent article. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that a variety of processes can be formed by molding an article, such as 'molding, injection molding, expansion molding, pressing coffee (4), die forging (Ramping), and the like, wherein Each process will require a different aqueous, or consistency, composition to form. In some embodiments, the weight percentage of the aqueous mixture may be from about (four) to about 80%, between about 45% to about 75%, between about 50% to about 7%, and about 55/. 〇 to about 65%, or any range of them. Moreover, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that in some embodiments, the above mixture may be water-washed, partially water-based, or may have a (four) agent base (〇rganic ❹S〇1Vent_baSed) mixed with K' The mixture may be an alcohol base or a pot - in some embodiments, the 'aqueous mixture of the powder component may comprise a combination of Tianqiudian powder and pre-gelatinized powder. For example, the ratio of fiber to pregelatinized starch can be between about L5:1 to about 3:1, between about 1:1 to about Μ, between about 2:1 and about 5.6, Or any range of them. The above Hi compound may further comprise a stearic acid town, a crosslinking agent, or a combination thereof. Barium stearate is a kind of water-soluble _. - Releasing agent, or (4) (4) Uabh_), used 36 200924639 to reduce the adhesion between the baked part and the module system. Other release agents useful herein include, but are not limited to, metal stearate compounds such as, for example, aluminum stearate, magnesium, calcium, potassium, sodium, or zinc stearates; fatty acids For example, oleic acid, linoleic acid, etc.; fats; oils; and any combination thereof. A wide variety of waxes may be suitable for use in some embodiments. Examples of waxes include, but are not limited to, (Brazil) palm wax, candelilla wax, rice bran wax, paraffin wax, or any other food grade wax. In some embodiments, the vegetable wax can perform better than the animal wax or mineral wax. In some embodiments, natural waxes perform better than various synthetic waxes. The preparation of the emulsion can be accomplished by emulsifiers and mechanical disturbances. Examples of wax emulsions suitable for use in the present formulation include emulsified (Brazil) palm wax and emulsified candelilla wax. All emulsifiers approved for use in foods can be used, including, but not limited to, sorbitan monostearate, polysorbate 60, poly Polysorbate 65, Polysorbate 80, sodium stearate, potassium stearate, food grade gums (eg, arabinogalactan, carrageenan) Carrageenan), furcelleran/furcellaran, xanthan, stearyl monoglyceridyl citrate, succistearin, succistearin Hydrolyzed lecithin, and many other similar compounds. A wide variety of crosslinkers can be used to crosslink starch and fibers in some embodiments. The above cross-linking agents include, but are not limited to, methylamines 37 200924639 compounds, polyvalent/multivalent acids, halogenates, polyvalent acid (anhydrides), polyaldehydes ), polyepoxides, polyisocyanates, 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether, epichlorohydrin resins , glyoxal, ammonium zirconium carbonate, potassium zirconium carbonate, and polyamide-epichlorohydrin resin, polyamine oxime (polyamine-epichlorohydrin) resin, and the like. Other ingredients which may be added to the above composition are proteins and natural compounds, rubber latex, and fiber sizing agents. For example, fibrous sizing agents include rosin, rosin ester, AKD, Alkyl Ketene Dimer, and alkenyl succinic anhydride (AS A, alkenyl succinic anhydride). Other ingredients may include, but are not limited to, articles derived from casein, soy protein isolates or concentrates, or the like. One of the above products can be prepared by the following three steps: 1) cooking an aqueous solution of casein or soy protein isolate (about 10% by weight), as recommended by the general manufacturer (generally, immersed by soaking) Protein, then gradually increase the temperature and pH of the solution to 180 °F and pH = 9~9. 5, then maintain the temperature at 180 °F to 15 minutes); 2) Cool the above preparation to room temperature; and optionally perform the steps 3) Add a preservative and mix well. The preferred concentration of the preservative in the above preparation 38 200924639 is about 0. 1% or less' is determined by the shelf life required for the protein solution, the protein concentration required in the final product, and the preservative content of the food regulations established by the government. Other proteins may also be used with or separately from the above-described brewed protein or soy protein preparation to increase the water repellency of the container. For example, the above proteins may include an albumen, gelatin, or the like. In some embodiments, the invention includes a method of making a biodegradable ' powder base, waterproof article. The above method involves filling in a composition as described herein to a molding apparatus having a cavity. The above composition may be an aqueous mixture, heated in a molding apparatus, heated at a sufficient temperature for a time sufficient to form the mixture into a stable form and form a skin on the outer surface thereof, wherein the mixture is heated as described above The surface of the cavity is in contact. The molding apparatus includes at least one slit for allowing vapor to be discharged from the slit into the cavity of the molding apparatus without losing significant of the mixture from the gap. In some embodiments, the invention includes the use of the compositions described herein to produce an article wherein the article is biodegradable and water repellent. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the compositions described herein can be used to make materials of virtually unlimited use. In some embodiments, the above products are useful in the food industry. Food industry products may include, but are not limited to, single- or multi-compartment plates (meal boxes), bowls, cold drinks cups, hot drink cups and lids, plates, baking trays, muffin cakes (muffin) Trays), and containers and lids for food outside the restaurant. In some embodiments, the materials can be used to make a packaged product, such as an electronic product package, a battery package, and the like. In the embodiment of the invention, the product made of the material can be used to fill and hold food. It can even be eaten or cold; east, transport, roast, and microwave. In some embodiments, the above products are fully microwaveable, roastable, closable, and/or edible and non-hazardous. In some embodiments, the above products may be flavored and flavored. In some cases, the above products are compostable. In some embodiments, the above product is an approved edible food product. In some embodiments, the invention includes a method for making a biodegradable, starch-based, and waterproof article. The method comprises preparing a mixed mash comprising a biodegradable fiber component and a starch component. The biodegradable fiber component has a dry weight basis content of between about 5% and about 40%, and the starch component has a dry weight basis of from about 4% to about 94%. Between 5%. The dry weight content of the added component added to the above mixture is about 0. Between 5% and about 10%. The above additive component may include hydrogenated triglyceride, polyvinyl acetate (PVAc), polyvinyl acetate-ethylene copolymer (VAE), polyethylene, vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), or any of them. combination. An aqueous component is added to the above mixture to produce an aqueous composition wherein the aqueous component comprises a sufficient amount of water to allow the composition to form a desired shape. Other additives such as salts, buffers, colorants, vitamins, nutrients, pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, organic filler materials, and the like which may be added to the above aqueous components. The above composition having the desired shape is heated at a sufficient temperature for a sufficient period of time to produce a biodegradable, leave-up, and water repellent article. In some embodiments, the present invention includes a method for making an article having a strength of 40 200924639 and biodegradable, powdered base, and waterproof. The method comprises preparing a mixture comprising a biodegradable fiber component and a powder activating component, wherein the biodegradable fiber component has a dry weight basis content of between about 5% and about 40%. The dry weight basis content of the above-mentioned powder component may be from about 40% to about 94. Between 5%. The dry weight content of the additive component added to the above compound may be between about 0. Between 5% and about 10%, wherein the additive component comprises epoxidized vegetable oil, polyvinyl acetate vinegar (PVAc), polyvinyl acetate/ethylene copolymer (VAE), polyethylene oxide Ο 乙酸 vinyl acetate copolymer ( eVA), or a combination thereof. An aqueous component is added to the above mixture to produce an aqueous composition wherein the aqueous component contains sufficient levels of water to form the composition into a desired shape. The composition of the desired form described above is heated at a sufficient temperature and heated for a time sufficient to produce a biodegradable, leave-up, and water repellent article. Example 1: Preparation of a Composition Table 1 provides a range of ingredients and compositions for use in some embodiments of the present invention. Table 1 Material content standard (% by weight) Preferred range (% by weight) Moisture 40-80 55 - 65 Fiber 2 — 15* 6 - 12* 41 200924639 Filler 2-16* — 4-12* Natural starch 8 - 30* 14 - 25* Pre-gelatinized starch----- 1-10* 2-6* Magnesium stearate--__ 0-4* 0. 4-2* moth --------- crosslinker 0-3* 0. 4 - 1. 2* 0-2* 0. 2 - 0. 6* Epoxidized vegetable oil ----~-- 〇 - 3. 2* 0. twenty two. 4* polymer (PVAc), copolymer (VAE), etc. * tv r\ λ . μ 0 — 4* 0. 8 - 2. 5* * Divide by 0, 4 to get the content of dry weight. The composition of this example should use at least one material, magnesium stearate, epoxidized vegetable oil, or ant (including hydrogenated tris(4)), and in some embodiments, The dry weight basis weight percentage is between 1. 0~3. Between 5%. In some embodiments, the ratio of total powder to filler should be about 3:1. The ratio of fiber to pregelatinized starch is between about m and 3:1, and in some embodiments, the ratio is between about m and 2. Between 5:1. Other molds which may optionally be added to the above composition include protein f, natural rubber knee latex, colorant, and fiber sizing agent. Example 2: Preparation of an article from the above composition The above aqueous composition was produced into an article via a heat-discharge type molding device. Many types of batches and continuous mixers are suitable for the preparation of this formulation, such as planetary mixers 42 200924639 (planetary mixers), σ-type dual-arm mixers (D〇uble Arm) Mixers), and extruders (extruders). In some embodiments, the above mixture may be passed through a relatively low shear mixer such as a planetary mixer: ^

To prepare the above formulation, the fibers (usually sheared into thin strips) and about 40% of the total filler and about 30 to 4% of the total water are mixed in a planetary mixer for about 5 minutes to reach the coarse rubber. The consistency of the rubbings. The pregelatinized starch is then added for about 6 to 9 minutes to further disaggregate the fibers. The remaining ingredients are then added to the above mixture for about 2 to 3 minutes until the mixture has no visible dry hard mass. The mixing time required will vary with the size and speed of the mix. In order to form an article, the side of the creping device having the desired finished shape of the cavity is formed to form a small material. In this process, the above-described molding apparatus includes at least a slit through which vapor generated during heating or baking can be discharged. - A mixture of liquid or semi-liquid is filled into the mold of the above-mentioned molding apparatus, and then the molding apparatus is picked up, and the above mixture generates moisture or steam upon twisting. In this embodiment, the volume of the mixture filled in the above-mentioned cavity is significantly smaller than the volume of the process, but as the internal moisture or vapor pressure rises during heating, the mixture expands upon heating until the mold is filled. In this case, the volume ratio of the volume of the above-mentioned molding stream f or half to the cavity is between 1:4 and 1:25, or may be between:3 and 7 to. Since the above mixture is in sufficient contact with the above-mentioned molding apparatus upon heating, the outer surface of the mixture is formed (10)?). In addition, the skin is permeable or semi-permeable to moisture or steam. 43 200924639 The combination of the skin and the gap allows water vapor or steam to escape from the gap of the f-mold device. The above water vapor or steam discharge will not lose any significant component of the above mixture from the seam. Loss of a significant component mixture will result in waste of the original material and a waste of energy required to heat the additional material lost. Additional material must be removed and any material that blocks the venting gap. When the steam is discharged, the mixture remains in the above-mentioned cavity because the slit has a sufficient size, for example, formed on the outer surface of the surface of the mixture to bring the mixture into contact with the surface of the heated mold, when the mixture is in % When the gas or vapor pressure generated during the heat is sufficient for the Japanese temple, the water vapor or steam can be discharged from the outer skin and the slit to the above-mentioned molding device without causing the outer skin to be broken. Since the skin is impervious to the above mixture, and the mixture may still be liquid or semi-fluid until the heating is completed, the mixture is not lost from the cavity of the molding apparatus. The temperature and time of heating or baking will vary depending on the particular mixture. For those skilled in the art, temperature and time can be easily selected without experimentation. An example of a mold that can be used in this embodiment is the mold described in U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 20-265, the entire disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference. Typical molding temperatures range from 16 2 to 240. Between c, in some embodiments, the mediators are 80 to 220. (: Between. Heating or baking (4) will vary with the size and thickness of the item, the general item is between 4 〇 and 450 seconds, between about 40 to about 8 〇, Between about 5 〇 to about 3 〇〇 seconds, between about 60 to about 25 〇 seconds, between about 7 〇 to about 44 2009 24 639 150 seconds, or any range thereof. Ίτ pq 二霄In the case of the above materials, the above materials need to be baked to 2〇/〇 when opening the cookware. θιί _ ^ F is usually low 3 water (may need to be lower than t: it will break.) In addition, the increase of the above-mentioned material can shorten the most between the materials, g is the (four) degree, that is, the stronger material can withstand the higher internal vapor pressure. Example 2: Biodegradable and compostable materials biodegradable and compostable It is tested by the samples of the articles prepared by the biodegradable enamel powder-based composition of the present invention. These samples do not contain the polyvinyl acetate vinegar (pvA), polyvinyl acetate I B used in some of the examples. Dilute copolymer (VAE), polyethylene, vinyl acetate copolymer (eva), epoxidized vegetable oil, or hydrogenated triglyceride, but Those skilled in the art will understand that these additives will not affect the biodegradation of the above composition and the compostability of all components are within the ranges listed in Table 1 above, and are not listed in Table 1. The additive added to one of the above mixtures has a total cerium content of 0.5%. (Approximately 9 〇〇/0 of this group of additives consists of natural materials - proteins and other natural polymers - because its natural source itself is It is considered to be biodegradable. It is understood that those skilled in the art will appreciate that the addition of these trace amounts of natural materials to the composition, as described in Table 1, will not affect the biodegradation and compostability of the above-described compositions measured. According to ASTM D5338, the above composition was subjected to Aerobic Composting (Biodegradation) via contact with compost medium at % ± 3 ° C. This result is related to the biodegradation of the cellulose positive control group. 45 200924639 Sample identification · A. 9P006 — U (average value) C. Cellulose positive control group (average value) According to ASTM D5338, the above test sample is aerobic at 58 ± 30 °C The carbon conversion (%) produced by Aerobic Biodegradation is detailed in Table 2: Table 2 Samples describe carbon conversion (%) (based on carbon dioxide produced) A 9P006 — U (average value) 79.26 C Cellulose positive control group (average value) 98.37 Weight loss (%) is detailed in Table 3: Sample description Weight loss percentage (%) A 9P006 — U (average value) 100.00 C Cellulose positive control group (average Value) 100.00 According to ASTM D533 8 and D6400, sample A is compostable according to the total weight loss and carbon conversion of the above sample and cellulose control group. Sample evaluations were performed at 58 ± 30 °C according to ASTM D5338, and D5338 was performed according to ASTM D6400, second level measurement 46 200924639 (Tier Two Leve丨 testing). Samples weighing between 〇 6〇〇〇~〇(10)(9) grams are placed in 150 grams of composting medium. The above composting medium has a carbon to nitrogen ratio of 31:1, and this value is also included in the specification of this test. The sample decomposed into compost after 65 days and could not be identified or detected from the compost biomass. The difference in weight loss data between the samples tested and the carbon dioxide produced indicates the physical differentiation that occurs when the material is composted. The cellulose control group undergoes complete biodegradation. The carbon conversion rate (%) of cellulose was normal in this test, thereby confirming a viable and effective compost mixture. In this test, 26% of the total carbon content of sample A + 79 was converted to carbon dioxide. For sample A, the efficiency of the resulting carbon dioxide compared to the theoretically calculated maximum value of carbon dioxide should be 79.26% due to complete decomposition of the sample. Based on the above total weight loss and carbon conversion, these materials will be considered to have excellent compostability/biodegradability. According to ASTM D5338 and D64 (9), Q fully compostable materials require more than 60% weight loss (samples are achieved) in this test and more than 60% of the effective total carbon content is converted to carbon dioxide (samples are indeed achieved), so it can be considered as Completely compostable material. In the examples below, the amount of one or more additional ingredients of the sample ♦ may range from greater than 0% to about 15%. In some embodiments of the sample, the amount of the added component may range from about 5%.5% to about 〇%. In certain embodiments of the sample, the amount of the added component can range from about 15% to about 7%. In certain embodiments of the sample, the amount of the added component may range from about 2% to about 5%. Specific samples, including those in which the added components are present in the above-mentioned range, are described in detail in the above-mentioned paragraphs. Unless otherwise indicated, all percentages of the various ingredients described below are referred to as weight percent based on dry weight basis. Example 4: Additives for increased material density and water repellency Several additives have been found to improve the toughness of the formulation and enhance its moisture resistance. Sex. Adding polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) and/or polyvinyl acetate _acetamethylene copolymer (VAE) emulsion to biodegradable starch-based composition can improve the moisture resistance of this formula, which is Cobb The value (in grams per square meter) (c〇bb value ' g/m2) is measured. The Cobb value is a standard paper industrial test method (ASTM D3285) to determine the moisture resistance of paper and paperboard of a certain size. This test is the amount of water absorbed by a fixed surface area (millimeters) over a certain period of time (in grams of sample added). Standard conditions used a metal ring having an inner diameter of 11.28 cm (cross-sectional area or surface area of 1 〇〇 square centimeter), clamped onto the sample to hold 1 liter of water and contacted with water for 2 minutes. After that, the water is drained from the metal ring and the excess water is sucked up using blotting paper. In order to control the amount of water sucked, a 10 kg metal roller was rolled twice on the blotter paper laid on the sample. Variations that may occur with this method include the use of metal rings of different diameters for shorter samples (surface area 25 or 1 〇 square centimeter, relative to the amount of water used), shorter (1 minute) or longer (18 hours) The time of contact with water and the use of other test liquids. The test was carried out at 23 °C using sample conditions of 50% relative humidity (RH) and blotting paper (ASTMD685). In addition to moisture resistance, the additions PVAc and VAE have also been found to maintain or improve other important physical properties such as tensile strength (10), stress/modulus (m〇dulus), and impact. It is also possible to add epoxidized vegetable oils, such as epoxidized linseed oil and epoxidized soybean oil, to the biodegradable temple powder-based composition, which allows the product to have a wider density range in the above-described heated molding. When epoxidized oils are used, it is surprising that the manufacture of denser articles does not require longer heating times. Moreover, items with higher densities are stronger and more cost effective to manufacture than thicker items because thicker items generally require less time to heat. As can be seen from Table 4, a composition containing 15% bamboo fiber, a given volume of 59.8 CC plate model, the maximum filling batter weight is 36 grams (40% solid), and the minimum baking time is 65 seconds. . Unless otherwise indicated in Table 4, all 15% of the “standard” fiber samples also contained 4% magnesium stearate (MgSt) and 2% (Brazil) palm wax. The 29% "high" fiber samples in Table 4 contained 3.5% magnesium stearate (MgSt) & 3% (Brazil) brown wax. Unless otherwise indicated, all samples nominally are molded to a thickness of 80 mils (mil, one thousandth of an inch). Table 4 Sample Maximum Fill Weight (g) Minimum Baking Time (sec) Make Fill Weight (g) Cobb Value 卞(g/m2) 141030 15% Fiber Control 36 65 34 65.6 49 200924639 Group 141032 Standard Fiber + 5% PVAcl 36 60 34 56.7 141051 standard fiber + 2% EL01 42 65 34 67.9 141159 standard fiber + 3% MgSt + 1.5% EL01 40 73 39 70.7 141172 standard fiber + 3% MgSt + 1.5 ELOl (thickness: 105 mils) 50 145 48 70.7 141102 29% fiber control group 48 68 46 54.7 141069 high fiber + 5% PVAc2 48 65 44 46.7 141074 high fiber + 5% VAE5 49 70 48 49.3 141098 high fiber + 5% PVAc2 + 2% ELOl 50 73 48 62.7 141100 high fiber + 5% PVAc2 + 2% ES01 54 65 48 50.7 141096 High Fiber + 5% PVAcl + 2% Corn Oil 55 65 48 50.7 50 200924639

Legend: Code Composition Trademark Supplier PVAcl Polyvinyl Acetate Vinac 21 Air Products ES01 Epoxidized Soybean Oil BioFlex ESBO Blackman Uhler Chemical EL01 Soil Oxidized Linoleum Oil BioFlex ELO Blackman Uhler Chemical VAE5 Polyvinyl Acetate-Ethylene Copolymer Airflex 100HS Air Products PVAc2 Vinacetate Vinac 828M Air Products VAE7 Polyvinyl Acetate-Ethylene Copolymer Airflex 1082 Air Products Corn Oil Corn Oil Mazola 141081 High Fiber + 5% 54 65 48 50.7 VAE5 + 2% EL01 f 2 minutes later The measured Cobb value. For example, from the above data, the addition of 5% PVAcl to 15% fiber control composition can shorten the baking time and significantly reduce the absorption of water 51 200924639 (lower c〇bb value). Add 2% epoxidized linseed oil to a significantly higher hunger (4) g gram vs. 36 gram maximum mold ^^ 乍: no need to extend the baking time. The magnesium stearate (MgS〇 content (4) large filling weight will also increase the baking time = degree to allow more materials to be added to the mold, but it will significantly increase the baking time and is not beneficial to the waterproofing Ο. The fiber content can be increased from 15% to 29% to produce a higher density buckle. Add PVAc or VAE to improve water repellency. The addition of epoxidation = or soy _) can increase the strength, make: (4) Confusing the old building t, and preparing/flying the official line to blow out. This f,,, caused the pipeline to be blocked and the remaining towels to be shut down for clear search. It is easy to see that the starch matrix is more suitable for the use of epoxidized oils. The moisture resistance of the composition of the material also results in a higher density of enthalpy) which does not adversely affect manufacturing time or reduce the biodegradability of the product. Example 5: Moisture resistance of the additive-improved article Promotion == Additive for improving the moisture resistance of the composition.堰 can be used to = moisture-proof: can also assist in demoulding. The soil used is biodegradable, but it can be: but it is quite expensive, and its use is limited to; large = 螵 = distilled steam will block MM $ 八八3 / 〇, because it has been found in the melting point Hydrogenated vegetable oils between about 54 〇C and 52 200924639 85 °C can be used to replace the (Brazil) wax, and the measured Cobb value can also improve the moisture resistance of the formulation. Suitable hydrogenated vegetable oils are available from EvCo Research under the trade names EvCopel EvCorr and EvCopel EvCeal. In addition, even a dry weight basis content of up to 3% does not cause clogging of the material in the exhaust line of the molding apparatus. The hydrogenated vegetable oil may be dispersed in the form of a powder, incorporated in a molten state (with or without an interface agent) or more preferably in an emulsion. As can be seen from Table 5, a composition contains 15% bamboo fiber, 4% magnesium hard magnesium (MgSt), and 2% (Brazil) palm wax, and the Cobb value of about 2 to 65 g/square in 2 minutes. meter. Magnesium stearate and (Brazil) palm wax are expensive ingredients, so it is best to limit their use. However, when magnesium stearate was reduced to 3% and (Brazil) palm wax remained 2% in the formulation, the Cobb value increased to about 70 to 71 g/m 2 in 2 minutes. One sample contained 15% bamboo fiber, no magnesium stearate, (Brazil) palm wax, and a 2-minute Cobb value of 88 grams per square meter. One sample contains 15% bamboo fiber, no magnesium stearate added, and contains 3% castor seed oil (not added aba xi sangha wax), and its 2-minute Cobb value is about 94~95 g/m2. . Table 5 Maximum and minimum baking production Cobb sample filling time filling value Ten weight (8) (sec) Weight (g) (g/m2) 53 200924639 141030 15% fiber, 4% MgSt, 2% palm wax one control group 36 65 34 65.6 141159 15% fiber, 3% MgSt + 1.5% ELOl 40 73 39 70.7 141120 15% fiber, 0% MgSt + 1.5% ESOl + 3% palm wax 45 63 44 88.0 141139 15% fiber, 0% MgSt + 3°/. Castor seed oil + 1.5% EL01 36 58 36 94.7 141174 15% fiber, 3% MgSt + 1.5% ELOl + 2% EvCol 40 73 38 65.3 141178 15% fiber, 3% MgSt + 2% EvCol 36 65 35 58.7 141182 15 % fiber, 3% MgSt + 2% EmulOl 37 68 36 57.3 141187 15% fiber, 3% MgSt + 2% Emul02 38 70 37 60.0 141192 29% fiber, 3.5% MgSt + 2% Emul03 44 63 42 48.0 54 200924639 ❹ Legend Description: (Please also refer to the legend in Table 4) Code Composition Supplier Name Castor Seed Oil Hydrogenated Castor Wax MP80 Vertellus EvCol Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil EvCopel EvCeal EvCo Research EmulOl Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil Emulsion EvCopel EvCeal EvCo Research EmCo Research Co., Ltd. Emul02 Emulsified Vegetable Oil Emulsion EvCopel EvCorr Emulsion EvCo Research Co., Ltd. Emul03 Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil Lower Solids Emulsion EvCopel EvCorr Emulsion EvCo Research Ltd. 141197 29% Fiber, 3,5% MgSt + 3% Emul04 44 73 43 44.0 150803 15% fiber, 3% MgSt + 3% Emul05 41 73 40 57.3 150805 29% fiber, 3.5% MgSt + 5% PVAc2 + 3% Emul05 43 60 40 41.3 55 200924639

Emul04 Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil Emulsion EvCopel EvCeal Emulsion EvCo Research Emul05 Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil and ELOl Emulsion EvCopel EvCeal and BioFlex ELO Emulsion EvCo Research Ltd. and Blackman Uhler Chemical ❹ From Table 5 The data knows that EvCorr or EvCeal replaces (Brazil) brown wax, even if the magnesium stearate (MgSt) content is low, it can significantly reduce the absorption of water (low Cobb value). A further improvement can be achieved by using an emulsion of hydrogenated vegetable oil which has a certain degree of dependence on the solids content of the surfactant and emulsion. The use of oils as emulsions allows for the incorporation of other water-repellent components such as epoxidized vegetable oils, rosins, and the like. The addition of PVAc or VAE enhances moisture resistance and maintains or improves other physical properties while increasing moisture resistance. Moreover, the advancement of these additives in moisture resistance does not adversely affect the baking time, or the manufacturing cycle time, or reduce the biodegradability of the product. These additives are significantly more economical to use than the (Brazil) palm wax and do not cause fouling of the exhaust line of the molding apparatus. Example 6: Additives for improved article strength The flexural modulus/flexural modulus was measured using a DMA instrument 56 200924639 for a 3-point bend test. Basically, one end of the sample is supported and the center is pressed by a load cell. The force is then monitored relative to the change in displacement until the test sample breaks. Unlike the impact test, the rate of this break is slow. The above methods are described in detail in the references ASTM D790, D5023, and D5934. The data from the three-point bending test can be used to calculate the energy or work required to break the test sample. The following equations are available: Force (when broken) X-displacement (when broken) = work (or energy required to break test sample 〇). Before the above three-point bending test, the relative humidity (RH) of the test sample was balanced to 0%, 20%, 50%, or 80% for at least 24 hours. The Dynatup instrument was used for high-speed impact testing with a "falling tup" and a hemispherical top. This test method is described in detail in the reference ASTM D3763. In these tests, the speed of the drop ball described above was approximately 12 feet per second. Tensile and elongation are determined by samples with a relative humidity balance of 50%. ❹ Table 6 Three-point bending test T (stretching) & E (elongation) Dynatup impact data Sample - curve extension elongation maximum maximum deflection total energy modulus @ sex rate (%) load weight (in ·) amount 57 200924639

Yield (Mpa) (PSI) (lb.) (ft.lbf ) 141030 15% Fiber Control Group 703 265 1.2 7.15 0.211 0.159 141032 15% Fiber + 5% PVAcl 626 — — — — — 141102 29% Fiber Control Group 883 597 1.8 12.69 0.252 0.309 141028 29% fiber + 5% PVAcl 1273 489 1.5 11.96 0.197 0.238 141069 29% fiber + 5% PVAc2 1121 570 1.6 12.52 0.209 0.282 58 200924639

141047 29% fiber + 5% PVAcl + 1.1% ELOl 1168 564 1.5 14.04 0.214 0.292 141049 29% fiber + 5% PVAcl + 2.0% ELOl 1058 571 1.7 13.8 0.219 0.319 141074 29% fiber + 5% VAE5 870 646 1.9 13.19 0.214 0.296 141076 29% fiber + 5% VAE7 1151 533 1.8 12.98 0.181 0.263 The data in Table 6 is the physical property data measured at 50% relative humidity. When the fiber content is 29%, PVAc and VAE improve the high-speed impact. The nature and the modulus are increased without affecting the tensile or stretching rate of 200924639. It can also be seen from the data that the addition of EL01 can further enhance the impact strength. Table 7 Energy required to break the test sample (mJ) Relative humidity 20% Relative humidity 50% Relative humidity 80% 141030 15% fiber control group 27.3 50.2 50.1 141159 15% fiber + 1.5% ELOl 56.8 49.0 46.4 141089 15% fiber + PVAc2 26.7 42.5 51.7 141102 29% fiber control group 73.6 83.4 130.0 141069 29% fiber + 5% PVAc2 65.4 70.8 93.1 141044 29% fiber + VAE2 70.5 64.0 116.8 141074 29% fiber + 5% VAE5 68.4 74.1 118.1 141076 29% fiber + 5 % VAE7 62.9 69.0 119.6 60 200924639 141100 29% fiber + 5% PVAc2 + 2% ES01 69.1 63.1 93.0 141098 29% fiber + 5% PVAc2 + 2% EL01 64.5 66.9 88.9 Table 7 describes "breaking test samples at various relative humidity" The energy needed." From the data in Table 7, it can be seen that the addition of ELO to the formulation of 15% fiber can significantly increase the energy required to break the material. PVAc ❹ and VAE, which increase moisture resistance, do not negatively affect the energy required to break. Table 8 Sample Modulus @ Yield (Modular) Modulus @Fracture Breaking Test Specimen Required Energy (mJ) 141159 15% Fiber + 1.5% EL01 725 676 10.66 141182 15% Fiber + 2% EmulOl 512 403 7.1 141069 29% Fiber + 5% PVAc2 1256 951 21.07 61 200924639 141197 29% fiber - "-η dimension 1421 717 13.1 + 3% Emul04 ---~~--. In Table 8, the energy required to break the test sample is the plate Data obtained after additional baking. The above trays were baked at 193 ° C for 40 minutes and then stored in a desiccator to determine which formulation was the least brittle after baking. As can be seen from the formulation of 15% fiber, the EL(R) system increases the energy required to break the sample and therefore the brittleness will be lower. As seen from the formulation of 29% fiber, PVAc increases the energy required to break the test sample, so these formulations are less brittle after baking. In certain embodiments, the above formulations may be used to make non-human animal or pet edible pet food containers and packages. Such non-human animal edible containers are preferably formed to attract the shape of a non-human animal, and include a flavoring agent which can attract non-human animals or dragons. In this embodiment, beneficial additives may also be added to increase the taste, aroma, and nutritional value, including: proteins or other nutrients to help balance the ingredients of the package, and help to adjust to the different lives of the dog. Foods in the stage; additives such as garlic and the like can help dogs that eat the food to control pests such as ucks and mites; can be added to attract the smell of dogs such as chicken, liver, or fish. Flavoring agents such as chicken, gravy, liver, fish, or even rancid fats are extremely attractive to dogs; and nutrient vitamins that can tolerate product processes. The container made of the above formula has a material for improving strength 62 200924639 ({Bake and microwave characteristics, can hold wet food (moist f0〇d), dry σ + 甘r丄 f to forage 0, or even unbaked food to this container 'Un-baked food can be washed or extruded into this container,

^ Then send the grilled meat to the grill. In order to hold wet food, it can be coated with a food barrier film such as coffee ting) _ La Z ❹ ❹ to ensure long-lasting, after the release layer is a paper 匕 匕 system. Because of the strength and durability of the above-mentioned containers, it is possible to consume heated water to reduce the food or to add water and food. ~ Like Shibuya The embodiments of the present invention allow food manufacturers to have great flexibility in preparing and packaging pet food. For example, 'a single package can be provided for one serving (ie, it is cooked directly in the plate and then placed in a plastic bag, so it can be directly sterilized and sealed). 'Reducing packaging materials by eating an edible plate and avoiding The pet breeder cleans the pet tray at the human dishwashing table. The pet can feed both the food and the outer plate. Figure 1 is an overview of the flow chart for a single pet food package. In the first step (5), according to the above embodiment, a volume = in the second step (10) 'cooked or uncooked pet food is put into the capacity in the third step (15) of the selective implementation, Containing pet food^ The container is cooked or further processed; in step 4 (2〇), the treated container and pet food are packaged; and in step 5 (25), the multiple armored and treated barn And pet foods are packaged for sale and... For example, dogs have been found to prefer bone-shaped containers. Similarly, the container can be shaped according to the preferences and application of the particular pet. 63 200924639 The shape includes the shape of the bone. The above containers may be a single size plate of several sizes for use by small to large pets. Referring to Figure 2, three sizes of containers are available: 0.5 cup (30), 1 cup (35), and 2 cups (4 inches). The container manufactured by the mixed formulation according to the present invention has various shapes, thicknesses, and characteristics for the intended use of the product. For example, the container can be fabricated as an open container such as a plate, cone, tray, cup, or bowl, or any other useful configuration in the prior art. (d) The thickness of any portion of the above container is preferably between about 5 mm and about 3.2 mm. It is preferably from about 3 mm to about 3 mm, and preferably from about 1 > 6 mm to about 25 mm. The thickness of the container may also vary along the cross section of the container. In another embodiment of the invention, a biodegradable material such as a coating and/or a sealant may be used in a container made from the above mixed formulation. The biodegradable material may be applied to penetrate the inner surface and/or the outer surface of the container to improve the waterproofness and heat resistance of the container. When the material is used as a coating material, the material may be partially The knife or 7G ginseng penetrates the container substrate or forms a coating and partially or completely penetrates the above-described granule matrix to form a bond. Yet another embodiment of the present invention provides a method of making a container or other item for holding food or beverage. The method includes providing a container of the foregoing in a mold that is desired to be heated to form the desired shape. The method may further include the steps described in U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 1/608,441, filed on Jun. 27, 2003, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. 64 200924639 According to another method of an embodiment, the method comprises the steps of: providing a molding device having a mold groove having a desired finished shape and at least one slit for allowing steam generated during heating or baking to be removed from the mold Dissipating the above-mentioned molding device, heating or baking the molding device, injecting a liquid or semi-liquid mixture into the cavity of the molding device before pressing the molding device, and then splicing the molding device, Wherein heating or baking generates gas or steam in the cavity, and the mixture is pushed by the pressure generated by the gas or steam to fill the entire cavity, and the mixture is mixed with the above heating molding device. Forming a skin on the outer surface of the mixture under contact, and the skin is permeable or semi-permeable to gas or steam, and the outer skin and the gap are combined to allow steam or gas to be discharged from the cavity to The molding device is external, but does not lose any significant mixture of the above from the gap. “Any significant combination of the above” means any meaningful loss, which would make it a disadvantage of the prior art, such as waste of the original material, waste of energy required to heat the additional lost material, Additional cleaning of excess material and any material that blocks the venting gap. When the steam or gas generated when heating or baking the above mixture causes sufficient pressure, the gas can be discharged from the cavity and the mixture remains in the cavity because the size of the gap is small enough to be The outer skin formed by the contact of the surface of the mixture with the above-mentioned heating mold allows the tomb or gas to be discharged from the outer skin and then discharged through the slit to the above-mentioned molding device to cause the outer skin to rupture. Since the skin is impervious to the above mixture and the mixture may still be liquid or semi-fluid before the heating is completed, the mixture is not lost from the cavity of the molding apparatus. 65 200924639 The foregoing method allows the gas generated during baking to be discharged without losing the significant mixture described above, and does not cause the disadvantages associated with the above losses, such as waste of the original material, waste of energy required to heat the additional loss of material. Additional material must be removed from the finished product and any material that blocks the venting gap. The method can be used to manufacture edible baked products and other baked products, such as starch-based materials for the manufacture of food containers and the like. The mixtures used in the oxime and process are generally aqueous and comprise the mixtures described in this specification. However, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the above mixture need not be aqueous, such as a mixture of alcohols as a substrate or other non-aqueous mixture. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that specific examples of the mixtures that can be used in the process are also apparent, and examples of such compositions include, but are not limited to, common bake mixtures such as muffins, biscuit dough, or ice cream cone batter. a powder-based mixture comprising a powder, a water, and a mixture comprising a mixture of a resin and a resin which is still permeable to the gas generated during heating or baking, and further a specific baking method such as heating temperature and The time will be familiar to the particular artist who wants to heat or bake. The present invention is also known to be a life. Although the present invention has been exemplified by specific embodiments and examples, the above-mentioned n is familiar, the spirit of the art and the spirit of the field can be deviated without deviation. The present invention will be described hereinafter as "the scope of the present invention is limited only to the scope of the patent application" and its equivalent. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a representative packaging method for a single pet food package 66 200924639; FIG. 2 is a pet food container of three different sizes in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 is a perspective view of an edible and shaped Tang food container in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; and Figure 4 is an edible and shaped rat in an embodiment of the present invention. A perspective view of the pet food container. ... [Main component symbol description] 〇 5 steps 10 steps 15 steps 20 steps 25 steps 30 containers (0.5 cups large) 35 containers (1 cup large) 40 containers (2 cups large) 67

Claims (1)

200924639 VII. Patent application scope: 1. A container for edible non-human animal food, comprising: water; starch, wherein the starch comprises pre-gelatinized starch and natural starch, wherein the pre-paste of the total starch of the container The weight percentage of the starch ranges from greater than 0% to less than 30%; the fibers, wherein the fibers are dispersed in the container, and the fibers are dispersed throughout the starch matrix to each of the fibers sufficiently complementary to the other fibers分开 Separate; wherein the edible non-human animal food container is shaped to attract non-human animals, and further comprises a flavoring agent that attracts non-human animals. 2. The edible non-human animal food container of claim 1, wherein the pre-gelatinized starch has a weight percentage ranging from greater than 5% to less than 20% of the total starch of the container. 3. The edible non-human animal food container of claim 1, further comprising a water-saturated compound, wherein the water-resistant compound comprises an aqueous solution comprising a modified ethanedial, glyoxal -based) a reagent, ammonium zirconium carbonate, potassium zirconium carbonate, or a polyamide-epichlorohydrin compound. 4. The edible non-human animal food container according to claim 3, wherein the water-resistant compound has a weight percentage concentration ranging from about 〇.1% to about 2 in the inflammatory powder of 68 200924639 / 今〇% between. 5. The edible non-human animal food container of claim 1 further comprising a road protein, a latex, or a soy protein. 6. The edible non-human animal food container of claim 5, wherein the ratio of the beta latex m body to the road protein solid is in the range of from about μ to about h © . The container of edible non-human animal food according to claim 1, wherein the nanofiber comprises a long fiber having a length of more than 4 mm, a length of 0.5 mm and 4 cm, and a length of less than 0.5 mm short fiber. 8. The container of edible non-human animal food of claim 1, wherein the fibers have an average fiber length of less than about 2 mm. 9. The container of edible non-human animal food according to claim 1, wherein the fiber has an average aspect ratio ranging from 5:1 to 25:1. Ι〇. The edible non-human animal food container of claim 1, further comprising a filling material. 69 200924639 / Claim ίο The edible non-human animal food container, wherein the money filling material comprises carbonic acid, oxidized stone eve (10) (four), sulfuric acid per sulphur: anti-5 substance, magesium silicate , micace〇us minerals, clay minerals (4) erals), titanium dioxide, or talc. 12. The container of edible non-human animal food according to claim 10, further comprising a filling material and/or a combination of the short fibers having a concentration less than 25 〇/〇 of the dry weight of the container. . 13. An edible waxy or waxy emulsion as claimed in claim 1. The container of the non-human animal food, the container of the edible non-human animal food described in claim 2, and the two-dimensional sizing agent, wherein the fiber sizing agent is formed - the film coating is coated at least ❹ "At least part of the surface of the fiber is used as a co-adhesive on the promoter" 'Protect the surface of the fiber from damage to aid the fiber's strength or inflexibility, or reduce the absorption rate. 15t = item The edible non-human animal food container of 14 described above, wherein the fiber sizing agent comprises a bismuth (AKD, Alkyl Ketene im:) ritual liquid, an alkenyl succinic anhydride... 17. Styrene acrylate 200924639 copolymer, or alkylated melamine 〇 16. The container of edible non-human animal food as described in claim 1-3 further comprises a release agent. The container of the edible non-human animal food of claim 16, wherein the release agent comprises magnesium stearate, talc, fat, or oil. 〇I8. Edible non-human according to claim 1. Animal food container, which also contains protein Or a polymer, wherein the protein or polymer is used to reduce the fragility of the container of the edible non-human animal food. The container of the edible non-human animal food of claim 1 further comprising a second protein The container for the edible non-human animal food according to claim 19, wherein the second protein is an album or gelatin. (gelatin) 21. A container for edible non-human animal food as described in Inventive Item 1, further comprising a S coloring agent, a flavoring agent, a flavoring agent, a pest control agent, a vitamin, a food grade material, or The combination of 22', such as the container of edible non-human animal food as described in 5, claim 71, 200924639 contains protein or nutrients to adjust to food in a specific life stage of a non-human animal. The container of the edible non-human animal food of claim 22, wherein the non-human animal is a dog. 24. The edible non-human animal food container of claim 1, wherein the edible The container of the human animal food is in the shape of a bone, a fish, or a rodent. 25. The edible non-human animal food container of claim 1, wherein the starch is a waterproof starch. The edible non-human animal food container according to Item 25, wherein the waterproof temple powder comprises a high straight chain; a high-amylose starch, an alkenyl succinic anhydride modified temple powder, and an acetic acid 轩 ( ( Acetic anhydride) modified palace powder, vinyl acetate modified temple powder, acrolein modified starch, epichlorohydrin modified temple powder, phosphorous oxychloride modified starch , sodium trimetaphosphate modified starch, or propylene oxide modified temple powder, or a combination thereof. 27. A method for preparing a non-human animal that has been pre-packaged with food for use. The method of 200924639 includes: ==, an edible non-human, a fixed amount of cooked or uncooked Putting the pet food into the container together to adjust or process the pet food and the container; and ❹ Ο = ί = : the pet food and the container bag are in the plastic bag, and the cockroach is sealed and the pet food is sealed with the pet food Both to avoid pollution. The preparation of the pre-packaged material for foodstuffs, wherein the container further comprises a soil, a lotion, a detoxification, a flavoring agent, a flavoring agent, as described in claim 27. , a combination of pest control agents, Wei 4 Dan 10 . US: The method of preparing a non-human tooth-toothed animal having food in advance, wherein the shape of the container is bone, fish, or 3 〇· There is a non-human food to adjust its IT method. The container also contains protein or nutrients for the food in a specific life stage of non-human animals. 31. The preparation of the item 2 for the preparation of the food item has been pre-packaged with the non-human movement method of the food in the farm. The non-human animal is a dog. 73 200924639 32. The method according to claim 27 A pre-packaged non-human animal food preparation device comprising a certain amount of non-human animal food contained in a container of the edible non-human animal food; and a packaging material. 33. An edible non-human animal food The container comprises: a biodegradable fiber component, wherein the biodegradable fiber component has a dry weight basis content of between about 5% and about 40%; a starch component, wherein the starch component has a dry weight basis content of between Between about 40% and about 94.5%; and an additive component, wherein the dry weight of the added component is between greater than 0% and about 15%, wherein the added component comprises an epoxidized vegetable oil, a hydrogenated triacid Hydrogenated triglyceride, polyvinyl acetate (PVAc 'polyvinyl acetate), poly(vinylacetate-ethylene) copolymer, polyethylene- An ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), or a combination thereof; wherein the edible non-human animal food container is shaped to attract a non-human animal, and further comprises A container for attracting a non-human animal. The container of edible non-human animal food according to claim 33, wherein the biodegradable fiber component comprises natural fiber, and the natural fiber comprises wood fiber, non-wood fiber Or animal fiber. 35. The edible non-human animal food container of claim 33, wherein the biodegradable fiber component comprises biodegradable synthetic fiber. The edible non-human animal food container according to Item 33, wherein the powder component comprises an organic filling material, wherein the ratio of the starch to the organic filling material is in a range of about 10:1 to about 1:1. 37. The container of edible non-human animal food of claim 33, wherein the content of the additive component is between about 2% and about 5%, as described in claim 33. can The non-human animal food container used therein, wherein the additive component is selected from a polymer family, the polymer family is made of polyvinyl acetate vinegar (PVAc), polyvinyl acetate vinegar ethylene copolymer (VAE), and poly Composition of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (eva). 39. * Sexual mixture for making a container for edible non-human animal food as described in claim η, wherein the mixture contains sufficient salt to heat the mixture f The moisture content is molded after the temperature and sufficient time to form a biodegradable, m- and water-repellent article. The aqueous mixture for use in the preparation of an edible non-human animal food product according to claim 39, wherein the water content is from about 约 to about 80% 75 200924639 41. as described in claim 39 An aqueous mixture of edible non-human animal food containers, wherein the starch component comprises a combination of natural starch and pre-gelatinized starch, wherein the ratio of the fiber to the pre-gelatinized starch is between about 1.5:1 and about 3:1. The range between the two. 42. The aqueous mixture of a container for making an edible non-human animal food according to claim 40, further comprising magnesium stearate, a wax, a crosslinking agent, or a combination thereof. 43. The edible non-human animal food container of claim 33, wherein at least a portion of the starch component is comprised of one or more water resistant starches. 44. The edible non-human animal food container of claim 43, wherein the waterproof starch component comprises high amylose, alkenyl succinic anhydride modified temple powder, acetic anhydride modified temple powder , vinyl acetate modified starch, acrylic acid (acrolein) modified starch, epichlorohydrin modified temple powder, phosphorus oxychloride modified starch, sodium trimetaphosphate ) modified temple powder, or propylene oxide modified temple powder, or a combination thereof. 45. The container of edible non-human animal food of claim 33, wherein the amount of the added ingredient in 76 200924639 is between about 5% and about 7%. The container of edible non-human animal food according to item 33, which is also a protein shell or a polymer, wherein the protein or polymer lowers the brittleness of the container of the edible non-human animal food. The container of the edible non-human animal food described in the item of item 33, further comprising a package, a liquid, a release agent, a coloring agent, a flavoring agent, a flavoring agent, a pest controlling agent, a vitamin, or a combination thereof. 48. The edible non-human animal food container of claim 33, further comprising protein or nutrients to adjust the food in the living stage of the non-human animal. 49. The container of edible non-human animal food of claim 48, wherein the non-human animal is a dog. The container of edible non-human animal food according to the item 33, wherein the container of the edible non-human animal food is in the shape of a bone, a preparation, or a toothed animal. 77