200922709 九、發明說明 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明大體上係有關於製備一板材用以沿著一摺線彎 折成一三維結構，及更明確地係有關於製被具有彎折控制 位移之板材用以彎折成具防流體彎折之三維結構。 【先前技術】 本發明係有關於製備一將被沿著一所想要的摺線彎折 或摺疊的板材的技術。此技術被揭露在授予Durney等人 的美國專利第 7，1 52,449號，第 7,032,426 號，第 6,877,349號，第6,481，259號及美國專利申請案公開第 US 2005/0097937號中，這些專利文獻中的每一者的全部 內容藉由此參照而被倂於本文中。在這些申請案中，數種 用於形成細縫及/或溝槽的技術及製程被揭露，這些細縫 及溝槽可精確地控制板材的彎折。細縫與溝槽都可被提供 來控制彎折。 這些創新的開槽縫及位移控制技術可製被二維的板材 以沿著一被精準定位的摺線彎折。然而，這些技術與其它 傳統的技術會在該板材上及沿著摺線產生一間隙，該彎折 控制結構的邊緣無法提供一密封的彎折。例如，具有大的 ’沖孔高度，及/或平面位移的細縫與位移易於在彎折之 後在該摺線上產生間隙a 例如，授予Gitlin等人的美國專利第6,640,605號揭 露沿著該摺線的細縫或溝槽或在該摺線的相反側上的偏移 200922709 量。在Gitlin等人的專利中，介於連續的溝槽之間的彎折 網具有中心線其平行於所想要的摺線。此方法所要求的是 ，介於細縫之間彎折帶接受大量的扭曲及小量的彎折，而 在該等細縫底部的該等連續的網狀物則被彎折。此方法的 防流體性很小，這對於許多應用，譬如像是HVAC，輸送 管’及防水外殼，而言是完全不足的。 有鑑於以上所述，若能提供可克服已知方法的上述及 其它區點的方法與設備將會是有利的。業界所想要的是一 種能夠製備板材的方法，該板材可被彎折成具有防水特性 的彎折處之三維物品。 【發明內容】 總之，本發明的一個態樣係有關於一種製備一可沿著 一摺線彎折形成一具有防流體彎折之三維物件的二維板材 的方法，其包括的步驟爲：形成至少一彎折控制位移於該 板材的厚度方向上，該彎折控制位移的周邊靠近該彎折線 的部分界定一剪變面（sheared face)其被引導朝向該板 材在該摺線的相反側上的一對立的板材表面；及彎折該板 材，藉以在彎折期間的力量平衡產生介於該剪變面與該對 立的板材表面之間之面一對—表面（face-to-surface)嚙 合，使得該板材在沿著該摺線處是實質上防流體的。 該形成步驟可包括形成多個彎折控制位移其具有一對 在該板材內的彎折帶（bending straps)與該摺線交會及一 個別的剪變面延伸於它們之間，及其中該彎折步驟使該等 -5- 200922709 帶遭受到 靠該對 材內，其 延伸，及 面，使得 (e d g e -1 時將該相 面對該對 係均勻一 封物質下 將一層塗 黏著步驟 個彎曲控 缺。該塗 彎折步驟 控制位移 該形 一周邊其 提供該彎 是一大半 位移可進 區具有一 率半徑之 該形 張力，使得當該板材被彎折時該剪變面緊密地緊 .的板材表面。該等彎折控制位移可被形成在該板 中一剪變緣沿著該摺線的一側的一個別的剪變面 其中該形成步驟界定一與每一剪變面相反之對立 在該彎折步驟期間的彎折產生該板材之邊緣對面 o-face )的嚙合。該彎折步驟可在該板材被彎折 對的表面密封至該剪變面。該密封可藉由該剪變 立的表面的緊密抵靠來實質地形成。該緊密抵靠 致地沿著該剪變面形成。該密封可在沒有使用密 被形成。該方法進一步包含，在形成步驟之後， 覆物質黏著於該板材上橫跨該彎折控制位移。該 提供一連續的撓曲塗覆物質層於該板材上橫跨多 制位移，此連續層在彎折步驟之後仍保持完整無 覆物質可以是塗料。該方法可進一步包括，在該 之後，黏著一層塗覆物質至該板材上橫跨該彎折 〇 成步驟形成一實質上卵形的彎折控制位移且包括 具有端部及延伸在端部之間的冠部。該形成步驟 折控制位移之具有拱形輪廓之冠部。該冠部可以 徑的圓弧。端部可以是小半徑圓弧。該彎折控制 一步包括過渡區介於該冠部與端部之間。該過渡 曲率半徑其介於該端部的曲率半徑與該冠部的曲 間。 成步驟形成嚙合區其將該彎折控制位移的一未被 -6 - 200922709 剪變的部分連接至該板材，其中每一端部都包括一部分的 剪變面及一部分的嚙合區。該剪變緣延伸於該對立的板材 表面底下一段距離，該距離爲該板材厚度的至少7 5 %。該 剪變緣具有一介於0·095 -0· 1 1 0mm之間的Z-深度。該板材 可以是鋼鐵。該剪變面可相關於該端部的半徑中心延伸至 該位移之縱長軸的約4 0 °之內。該成形可使用沖壓處理’ 沖孔處理，輥壓成形處理，或壓紋處理中的一種來完成。 該三維物件可以是一 NEMA-3拉線匣。 本發明的另一個態樣係有關於一種製備一可沿著一摺 線彎折形成一具有防流體彎折之三維物件的二維板材的方 法，其包括的步驟爲：形成至少一具一實質上爲卵形之彎 折控制位移於該板材的厚度方向上，該彎折控制位移包括 一周邊其具有端部及一彎曲的冠部其延伸在端部之間靠近 該摺線，該彎折控制位移包括一剪變面其沿著該冠部延伸 並進入端部且面向該板材中在該摺線的一相反側上的一對 立的板材表面；在該摺線附近彎折該板材。該彎曲的冠部 的尺寸被製造成可在該剪變面與該對立的板材表面之間產 生面-對-表面嚙合。 端部具有的曲率半徑小於該冠部的曲率半徑。該冠部 可以是一大半徑的圓弧。端部可以是小半徑圓弧。該彎折 控制位移可進一步包括過渡區介於該冠部與端部之間。該 過渡區具有一曲率半徑其介於該端部的曲率半徑與該冠部 的曲率半徑之間。當該板材被彎折時，該摺線可以實質上 是防流體的。該周邊靠近該摺線的部分可界定一剪變面’ 200922709 其被朝向該板材在該摺線的相反側上的一對立的板材表面 ，藉以在彎折步驟期間，在彎折期間的力量平衡產生介於 該剪變面與該對立的板材表面之間之面一對-表面（face-to-surface )嚙合，使得該板材在沿著該摺線處是實質上 防流體的。該形成步驟形成嚙合區其將該彎折控制位移的 一未被剪變的部分連接至該板材，其中每一端部都包括一 部分的剪變面及一部分的嚙合區。該剪變面可相關於該端 部的半徑中心延伸至該位移之縱長軸的約40°之內。 本發明的一進一步的態樣係有關於一種二維板材其被 形成來沿著一摺線彎折以形成一具有防流體彎折的三維物 件。該板材可包括一片材料其包括一在該片材料的厚度方 向上的彎折控制位移，該彎折控制位移的周邊靠近該彎折 線的部分界定一剪變面（sheared face )其被引導朝向該 板材在該摺線的相反側上的一對立的板材表面，該剪變面 與該對立的板材表面被建構及設置來在彎折之後產生該板 材之面-對-表面的嚙合，使得該彎折處在彎折時是實質 上防流體的。 該彎折控制位移具有卵形的形狀且進一步包括一周邊 其具有端部及冠部其延伸在端部之間。該冠部具有一拱形 的輪廓。該等端部具有一拱形輪廓，其曲率半徑小於該冠 部的曲率半徑。該彎折控制位移進一步包括介於該冠部與 該等端部之間之過渡區。每一過渡區都具有一曲率半徑其 介於該等端部的曲率半徑與該冠部的曲率半徑之間。該彎 折控制位移更包含一嚙合區其將該彎折控制位移的一未被 -8- 200922709 剪變的部分連接至該板材，其中每一端部 剪變面及一部分的嚙合區。 本發明的另一個態樣係有關於一種二 來沿著一摺線彎折以形成一三維物件，該 材料其包括一在該片材料的厚度方向上具 形的彎折控制位移，該彎折控制位移包括 部及一彎曲的冠部其延伸在該等端部之間 彎折控制位移包括一剪變面其沿著該冠部 且面向該板材中在該摺線的一相反側上的 面。該彎曲的冠部的尺寸被製造成可在該 的板材表面之間產生面-對-表面嚙合。 該等端部的曲率半徑小於該等冠部的 部可以是一大半徑的圓弧。端部可以是小 折控制位移可進一步包括過渡區介於該冠 該等過渡區具有一曲率半徑其介於該等端 該冠部的曲率半徑之間。 本發明的另一個態樣係有關於一種剛 其係藉由沿著至少一條摺線彎折一二維板 件包括至少一彎折誘發位移於該板材的厚 折誘發位移的周邊靠近該摺線的部分罗 sheared face)其被引導朝向該板材在該 的一對立的板材表面。該剪變面與該對立 嚙合，使得該板材沿著該摺線是實質上防 面與該對立的板材表面沿著該剪變面的周 都包括一部分的 維板材其被形成 板材可包括一片 有一實質上爲卵 一周邊其具有端 靠近該摺線，該 延伸並進入端部 一對立的板材表 剪變面與該對立 曲率半徑。該冠 半徑圓弧。該彎 部與端部之間。 部的曲率半徑與 硬的三維物件， 材形成的。該物 度方向上，該彎 f定一剪變面（ 摺線的相反側上 的板材表面可相 流體的。該剪變 邊是緊密抵靠的 -9- 200922709 本發明的方法，板材及結構具有其它的特徵及優點從 用來解釋本發明的原理之包含在此說明書中且構件此說明 書的一部分的附圖及從下面的[實施方式]的描述中將會變 得很明顯。 【實施方式】 現將參考本發明的較績實施例，這些實施例的例子被 示於附圖中。雖然本發明將配合較佳實施例來說明，但應 被瞭解的是這並不是要將本發明限制在這些實施例。相反 地，本發明涵蓋了落在由下面的申請專利範圍所界定之範 圍內的所有變形，修改及等效物。 彎折控制結構控制並精確地設置該彎折以將一二維的 板材摺成三維的結構。此等彎折控制結構降低製程的成本 及複雜度並允許有更大的製造彈性及節省時間。彎折控制 結構，譬如限是位移及類此者’讓一板材可以很簡單地以 平面形被備製備，然後再被摺疊成複雜的三維結構。 此等結構通常包括想要在彎折控制結構的區域中產生 一防流體摺線的應用。然而’用於形成彎折控制結構的處 理，譬如像是衝孔，壓紋’機器加工’光蝕刻，浮雕’及 類此者，通常都會在該板材上產生間隙。因此’本案顯示 這些彎折控制結構，特別是彎折控制位移，如何能夠被彎 折成一防流體的三維結構。 較佳地，該板材爲不可壓縮的材料。適合用於該板材 -10- 200922709 的材料包括，但不侷限於’金屬，譬如像是鋼鐵，軟鋼， 不銹鋼，鍍鋅鋼，鋁，合金，及塑膠。 現翻到圖式，其中相同的構件被標以相同的標號，圖 1 - 5顯示一種具有多條摺線3 2的三維物件3 〇。該示範性 的三維物件是用圖2及3所示的二維板材3 3所形成的， 該板材具有多個沿著該摺線設置之彎折控制位移3 5。在此 實施例中的物件爲一 NEM A-3 R，4或12電外殼，其被建造 來承受並通過NEMA標準的雨水測試（如，1小時的雨水 測試且在頂面與側面沒有水滲入）。 爲了本案的說明，防流體一詞係指防止流體流經由該 摺線附近的位移而穿過該板材。例如，該外殼3 0的摺線 是防流體的，因此可防止流體滲入到該外殼內，其符合 NEMA-3R的標準。因此，當遭遇到典型的天候狀況時， 雨水及氣候元素將不會穿過位移從該板材的一側到達另一 側並進入到該外殻內部。防流體亦可以是一微不足道的流 體損失量沿著該摺線穿過該位移。例如，聲學的聲音測試 可被用來測量ΗVAC及其它導管系統的流體損失，以決定 這些系統是否符合品質及/或效率的工業標準。 然而，吾人將可理解的是，本發明的方法及板材適用 於許多的產品，其包括但不侷限於，電子構件箱，汽車構 件’運輸構件’建築構件，設備構件，卡車構件，RF屏 蔽’ HVAC構件’航空構件，玩具，戶外設備，船舶，娛 樂設備，等等。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention generally relates to the preparation of a sheet for bending into a three-dimensional structure along a fold line, and more specifically for making a sheet having a bending control displacement. It is used to bend into a three-dimensional structure with fluid-proof bending. [Prior Art] The present invention relates to a technique for preparing a sheet material to be bent or folded along a desired fold line. This technique is disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos. 7,152,449, 7,032,426, 6, 877, 349, 6, 481, 259, and U.S. Pat. The entire contents of each of these are incorporated herein by reference. In these applications, several techniques and processes for forming sipe and/or grooves have been disclosed which provide precise control of the bending of the sheet. Both slits and grooves can be provided to control the bend. These innovative slotting and displacement control techniques allow two-dimensional sheets to be bent along a precisely positioned fold line. However, these and other conventional techniques create a gap on the sheet and along the fold line that does not provide a sealed bend at the edge of the bend control structure. For example, a sipe having a large 'punching height, and/or a plane displacement, is apt to create a gap on the fold after the bend. A, for example, U.S. Patent No. 6,640,605 to Gitlin et al. A slit or groove or an offset of 200922709 on the opposite side of the fold line. In the Gitlin et al. patent, the meandering web between successive grooves has a centerline that is parallel to the desired fold line. What is required by this method is that the bending strips between the slits receive a large amount of distortion and a small amount of bending, and the continuous webs at the bottom of the slits are bent. The fluid resistance of this method is small, which is completely inadequate for many applications such as HVAC, ducts and waterproof enclosures. In view of the above, it would be advantageous to provide a method and apparatus that overcomes the above and other aspects of the known methods. What the industry desires is a method of preparing a sheet which can be bent into a three-dimensional article having a water-resistant bend. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In summary, one aspect of the present invention relates to a method of preparing a two-dimensional sheet material that can be bent along a fold line to form a three-dimensional object having fluid-resistant bending, comprising the steps of: forming at least a bend control displacement in the thickness direction of the sheet, the portion of the bend control displacement near the bend line defining a sheared face that is directed toward the sheet on the opposite side of the fold line a surface of the opposing sheet; and bending the sheet whereby the balance of forces during the bending creates a face-to-surface engagement between the shear plane and the opposing sheet surface, such that The sheet is substantially fluid-proof along the fold line. The forming step can include forming a plurality of bend control displacements having a pair of bending straps in the sheet that intersect the fold line and a further shear plane extending therebetween, and wherein the bend The step causes the -5 - 200922709 belt to be subjected to the inner portion of the material, its extension, and the surface, so that (edge -1 when the phase is facing the pair of uniform materials, a layer of adhesive is applied to the step of bending control The coating bending step controls the displacement of the periphery of the shape to provide the bending is a large half displacement of the accessible region having a radius of the shape, such that the shearing surface is tight when the sheet is bent. a sheet surface. The bend control displacement may be formed in the sheet with a shear edge along a side of the fold line of a different shear plane, wherein the forming step defines an opposite of each shear plane The bending during the bending step produces engagement of the edge of the sheet opposite the face o-face. The bending step seals to the shear surface at the surface of the sheet that is bent. The seal can be substantially formed by the close abutment of the sheared surface. The tight abutment is formed along the shear plane. The seal can be formed without the use of a dense seal. The method further includes, after the forming step, adhering the substance to the sheet to control displacement across the bend. The provision of a continuous layer of flexographic coating material across the sheet is multi-displaced, and the continuous layer remains intact after the bending step. The uncoated material can be a coating. The method can further include, after that, adhering a layer of coating material to the sheet across the bend forming step to form a substantially oval bend control displacement and including having an end and extending between the ends Crown. The forming step folds the crown of the arched profile that controls the displacement. The crown can be an arc of a diameter. The end can be a small radius arc. The step of bending control includes a transition zone between the crown and the end. The transition radius of curvature is between the radius of curvature of the end and the curvature of the crown. The step of forming an engagement zone connects a portion of the bend control displacement that is not sheared by -6 - 200922709 to the panel, wherein each end portion includes a portion of the shear plane and a portion of the engagement region. The shear edge extends a distance below the surface of the opposing sheet material at a distance of at least 75 % of the thickness of the sheet. The shear edge has a Z-depth between 0·095 -0·1 1 0 mm. The plate can be steel. The shear plane may extend within about 40° of the longitudinal axis of the displacement with respect to the center of the radius of the end. This forming can be carried out using one of punching treatment, punching treatment, roll forming treatment, or embossing treatment. The three-dimensional object can be a NEMA-3 pull cord. Another aspect of the present invention relates to a method of preparing a two-dimensional sheet material that can be bent along a fold line to form a three-dimensional object having fluid-proof bending, comprising the steps of: forming at least one The bending control displacement is controlled in the thickness direction of the sheet, the bending control displacement comprising a periphery having an end portion and a curved crown portion extending between the end portions adjacent to the fold line, the bending control displacement A shearing surface is included that extends along the crown and enters the end and faces a pair of vertical sheet surfaces in the sheet on an opposite side of the fold line; the sheet is bent adjacent the fold line. The curved crown is sized to create a face-to-surface engagement between the shear surface and the opposing sheet surface. The end has a radius of curvature that is less than the radius of curvature of the crown. The crown can be a large radius arc. The end can be a small radius arc. The bend control displacement can further include a transition zone between the crown and the end. The transition zone has a radius of curvature between the radius of curvature of the end and the radius of curvature of the crown. When the sheet is bent, the fold line can be substantially fluid-repellent. The portion of the perimeter adjacent the fold line can define a shear plane '200922709 which is oriented toward the sheet on the opposite side of the fold line on the opposite side of the fold line, thereby providing a balance of forces during the bend during the bending step. A face-to-surface engagement between the shear plane and the opposing sheet surface is such that the sheet is substantially fluid-resistant along the fold line. The forming step forms an engagement zone that connects an unstrained portion of the bend control displacement to the panel, wherein each end portion includes a portion of the shear surface and a portion of the engagement region. The shear plane may extend within about 40 of the longitudinal axis of the displacement with respect to the center of the radius of the end. A further aspect of the invention relates to a two-dimensional sheet material formed to be bent along a fold line to form a three-dimensional object having fluid-resistant bending. The sheet material may comprise a sheet of material comprising a bend control displacement in a thickness direction of the sheet material, the portion of the bend control displacement adjacent the bend line defining a sheared face that is directed toward the sheet a pair of upright sheet surfaces on opposite sides of the fold line, the shear plane and the opposing sheet surface being constructed and arranged to create a face-to-surface engagement of the sheet after bending, such that the bend It is substantially fluid-proof when bent. The bend control displacement has an oval shape and further includes a perimeter having an end and a crown extending between the ends. The crown has an arched profile. The ends have an arched profile having a radius of curvature that is less than the radius of curvature of the crown. The bend control displacement further includes a transition zone between the crown and the ends. Each transition zone has a radius of curvature between the radius of curvature of the ends and the radius of curvature of the crown. The bend control displacement further includes an engagement zone that connects a portion of the bend control displacement that is not sheared by -8-200922709 to the panel, wherein each end has a shear plane and a portion of the engagement zone. Another aspect of the invention relates to a second bending along a fold line to form a three-dimensional object comprising a bending control displacement shaped in the thickness direction of the sheet material, the bending control The displacement includes a curved portion and a curved crown extending between the ends to control displacement including a shearing surface along the crown and facing a face of the sheet on an opposite side of the fold line. The curved crown is sized to create a face-to-surface engagement between the sheet surfaces. The ends of the ends having a radius of curvature smaller than the portions of the crowns may be arcs of a large radius. The end portion may be a small fold control displacement may further include a transition zone between the crowns and the transition zone having a radius of curvature between the radius of curvature of the crown. Another aspect of the present invention relates to a portion of a vicinity of the fold line that is caused by bending a two-dimensional panel along at least one fold line including at least one bend to induce displacement at a thickness of the sheet. Luo sheared face) it is directed towards the plate on the surface of the pair of standing plates. The shearing surface is engaged with the opposite side such that the sheet along the fold line is substantially a face and the opposing sheet surface includes a portion of the sheet along the circumference of the shear plane. The upper portion of the egg has an end adjacent to the fold line, and the extension extends into the end of the pair of sheets of the sheet shear surface and the opposing radius of curvature. The crown has a radius arc. Between the bend and the end. The radius of curvature of the part is formed with a hard three-dimensional object. In the direction of the object, the bend f defines a shear plane (the surface of the sheet on the opposite side of the fold line is fluidizable. The shear edge is closely abutted -9-200922709. The method of the invention has a plate and structure Other features and advantages will be apparent from the accompanying drawings and the description of the <RTIgt; The present invention will be described with reference to the preferred embodiments, although it will be understood that this is not intended to limit the invention The invention is intended to cover all modifications, modifications and equivalents falling within the scope of the scope of the following claims. The bending control structure controls and precisely sets the bend to one or two. Dimensional sheet metal is folded into a three-dimensional structure. These bending control structures reduce the cost and complexity of the process and allow for greater manufacturing flexibility and time saving. The bending control structure is limited to displacement. And like this, 'a plate can be prepared simply in a planar shape and then folded into a complex three-dimensional structure. These structures usually include the desire to create a fluid-proof fold line in the region of the bend control structure. Application. However, the treatments used to form the bending control structure, such as punching, embossing, 'machining' photo-etching, embossing' and the like, usually create gaps in the sheet. Therefore, 'this case shows these The bending control structure, in particular the bending control displacement, can be bent into a three-dimensional structure that is fluid-proof. Preferably, the sheet material is an incompressible material. Materials suitable for the sheet material - 200922709 include, but Not limited to 'metal, such as steel, mild steel, stainless steel, galvanized steel, aluminum, alloy, and plastic. Now turn to the figure, where the same components are labeled with the same reference, Figure 1-5 shows one with a plurality of three-dimensional objects 3 折 of the fold line 3 2. The exemplary three-dimensional object is formed by the two-dimensional sheet 3 3 shown in Figures 2 and 3, the sheet having a plurality of along the fold line Bend control displacement 3 5. The object in this embodiment is an NEM A-3 R, 4 or 12 electrical enclosure that is constructed to withstand and pass the NEMA standard rain test (eg, 1 hour rain test and at There is no water infiltration between the top and side.) For the purposes of this description, the term fluid prevention refers to preventing fluid flow through the plate through displacement near the fold line. For example, the fold line of the outer casing 30 is fluid-proof, so Prevents fluid from penetrating into the enclosure, which meets NEMA-3R standards. Therefore, when encountering typical weather conditions, rainwater and climatic elements will not pass through the displacement from one side of the panel to the other and into The inside of the casing. The fluid-proof can also be a negligible amount of fluid loss that passes through the displacement along the line. For example, acoustic sound testing can be used to measure the fluid loss of ΗVAC and other conduit systems to determine whether these systems are Industry standards that meet quality and / or efficiency. However, it will be understood that the method and sheet of the present invention are suitable for use in a wide variety of products including, but not limited to, electronic component boxes, automotive components 'transporting members' building members, equipment components, truck components, RF shielding' HVAC components 'aviation components, toys, outdoor equipment, ships, entertainment equipment, and more.
詳言之’本申請案的教示可應用至許多藉由摺疊2D -11 - 200922709 板材來形成的3 D產品及物件上，這些產品需要在彎折住 施加某些程度的加壓繃緊。例如，揭示於本文中之方法與 板材同樣適用在需要防流體的冰箱側壁及汽車結構構件上 〇 在許多面向中，本發明的板材類似於揭露在美國專利 第6,48 1,259號，美國專利第6,877,349號，美國專利第 7，152,449號，美國專利第7,152,45〇號，美國專利申請案 第10/821,818號（公告號第2005/0005670號），美國專 利第7,032,426號，美國專利申請案第10/931,615號（公 告號第2005/009793 7號），美國專利申請案第1〇/98 5,3 73 號（公告號第 2005/006 1 049號），美國專利申請案第 1 1 /3 5 7,93 4號（公告號第2006/026 1 1 3 9號），美國專利申 請案第1 0/952,3 5 7號（公告號第2005/0064 138號），美 國專利申請案第1 1 /3 84,2 1 6號（公告號第2006/02072 1 2 號），美國專利申請案第 1 1/〇8〇,2 8 8號（公告號第 2005/025 7589號），美國專利申請案第1 1 /3 74,828號（公 告號第2006/02 1 3245號），美國專利申請案第1 1 / 1 80,3 98 號（公告號第 2006/002 1 4 1 3號），美國專利申請案第 1 1 /290,928號（公告號第2006/0075 79 8號），美國專利申 請案第11/411,440號，美國暫時專利申請案第60/665,577 號，美國專利申請案第1 1/3 8 6,463號’及美國暫時專利申 請案第60/854,846號中的板材’這些專利及專利申請案的 全部內容藉由此參照而被倂於本文中。 如上文中的‘45 0號專利所揭露的，當細縫藉由切割及 -12- 200922709 類似的處理被形成有一切口時，在該摺線的相反側上的材 料即使是如該專利中所描述的有邊緣-對-面的嚙合，但 在彎折期間該切口仍會有打開的傾向且在彎折時產生一間 隙。所產生的間隙可讓“光線”通過，因而提供了密封性不 佳及在特定位置之滲透性的證明。例如，日光，環境光線 ，雷射，及/或其它形式的光線都可被用來在彎折之後照 射該摺線用以視覺上的檢查沿著該摺線的防流體性。在所 有這些光線中，明顯的雷射光線軌跡可穿過大多數的防流 體密封中的位移被看見（如，這些密封通過NEM A-3 R, 4 或1 2測試及/或其它防流體的工業標準），而強度較低的 光源的顯著跡線在不良密封的例子中可被清楚地察覺出來 。將於下文中討論的是，在所示的實施例中的方法是要建 造位移3 5的一被移位的舌件3 7，使得該舌件可在該板材 被彎折成三維物件時將沿著該摺線的“光線，，減至最小或彎 全遮斷。此方法可將該間隙封閉或造成沒有間隙。 參考圖2，板材3 3以一種類似於描述在上述的專利及 專利申請案中的方法形成至少一個彎折控制位移3 5於該 板材的厚度方向上來製備。一或多個彎折控制位移被形成 在該板材上用以界定出摺線32。在所示的實施例中，該等 位移可提供一更賞心悅目的視覺外觀。然而，吾人將可瞭 解的是’該等彎折控制位移亦可被交替地形成在該摺線的 兩側。 通常’該位移係以一相當傳統的方法藉由一矛撞擊（ lance impacting)該板材並將至少一部分之對應的舌件移 -13- 200922709 位至一對立的凹穴中來形成的。如此形成之彎折控制位移 包括一舌件其被至少部分地移位至由該板材之相鄰的表面 (如，相對的板材表面44 )所形成的平面底下。該舌件 3 7靠近該摺線的一端完全被剪變掉，使得一剪變緣3 9至 少部分地被移位至一由該緣板的板材所界定的平面底下（ 參見圖6 )。 在一實施例中，該剪變緣延伸在該對立的板材表面底 下一段距離，其約爲該板材厚度的65%至100%，較佳地 約爲該板材厚度的70%至96%，更佳地約爲該板材厚度的 7 0 %至8 5 %。例如，在該板材爲1 6度的軟鋼的實施例中， 該剪變緣具有一約爲〇.0095’至0.110”的最大z深度，其 中z深度爲材料厚度與位移距離的總測量値（參見圖6A )° 因此，該彎折控制位移的周邊40靠近該摺線的部分 界定一剪變面42其被引導朝向該板材在該摺線的一相反 側上的一對立板材表面44。這些多個彎折控制位移3 5被 形成在該板材上且該剪變緣39沿著各自的剪變面42延伸 。在所示的實施例中，該等彎折控制位移都是沿著該摺線 的一側被設置。爲了易於理解，圖4B及5B爲彎折控制位 移的示範性配置的放大示意圖。 該對立的板材表面不應與該對立面相混淆。如圖6A 及6 B所示，剪變緣3 9朝向對立的板材表面4 4的一端延 伸且與其鄰接。對立面46係位在該對立的板材表面44的 一端。相反地，剪變面42係位在該舌件37的遠端。雖然 -14 - 200922709 該對立的板材表面在其一端具有一個面，但在本文中，該 剪變面係指在該彎折控制位移或該舌件的剪變端的面的表 面。本文中，該對立的板材表面係指該板材在該摺線之與 該彎折控制位移相反的相反側上的部分。在本文中，對立 面係指在該對立的板材表面的端部的面的表面。 該位移的剪變產生一垂直的位移於該板材的厚度方向 上。該彎折控制位移界定一與每一剪變面42相反之對立 面46。從側面看時，該剪變面與該對立面實際上不是被垂 直地移位而是水平地移位，使得它們彼此被偏位（offset )。這是因爲該剪變面被移位且延伸在由該對力面所界定 的平面底下且在位移期間可被拉離該對立面。在一實施例 中，該剪變面與該對立面被建構及設置成可讓該板材在該 摺線附近的彎折產生該板材之邊緣-對-面的嚙合。 該彎折控制位移3 5具有一實質上卵形的形狀且包括 一周邊其具有端部47及一冠部49其延伸在該等端部之間 。與傳統的位移相反的是，該彎折控制位移的冠部具有一 拱形和彎曲的輪廓。該冠部具有一大半徑圓弧使得冠部的 曲線是平緩的。DETAILED DESCRIPTION The teachings of this application can be applied to a number of 3D products and articles formed by folding 2D -11 - 200922709 sheets that require some degree of compression tension to be applied to the bend. For example, the methods disclosed herein are equally applicable to sheet metal side walls and automotive structural members that require fluid barriers in many aspects. The panels of the present invention are similar to those disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 6,48,259, U.S. Patent No. U.S. Patent No. 7, 152, 349, U.S. Patent No. 7,152, 449, U.S. Patent No. 7,152,45, U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 10/821,818, issued to US Patent Application No. 1/98 5,3 73 (Announcement No. 2005/006 1 049), US Patent Application No. 1 1 /3 5,93 4 (Announcement No. 2006/026 1 1 3 9), U.S. Patent Application No. 10/952,357 (No. 2005/0064 138), U.S. Patent Application No. 1 1 /3 84,2 1 6 (Announcement No. 2006/02072 1 2), US Patent Application No. 1 1/〇8, No. 2 8 8 (Announcement No. 2005/025 7589), United States Patent Application No. 1 1 /3 74,828 (Announcement No. 2006/02 1 3245), US Patent Application No. 1 1 / 1 80, 3 98 (Announcement No. 2006/002 1 4 1 3), U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 1 1/290,928 (Announcement No. 2006/0075 79 8), U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 11/411,440 No. 60/665,577 to U.S. Patent Application Serial No It is hereby incorporated by reference. As disclosed in the '45 patent of the above, when the slit is formed with a slit by cutting and a similar treatment of -12-200922709, the material on the opposite side of the fold line is as described in the patent. There is edge-to-face engagement, but the cut will still have a tendency to open during bending and create a gap when bent. The resulting gap allows the passage of "light", thus providing evidence of poor sealability and permeability at a particular location. For example, daylight, ambient light, lasers, and/or other forms of light can be used to illuminate the fold line after bending to visually inspect the fluid resistance along the fold line. In all of these rays, significant laser ray trajectories can be seen through the displacements in most anti-fluid seals (eg, these seals pass the NEM A-3 R, 4 or 12 test and/or other fluid-proof industries Standard), while the significant trace of a lower intensity source can be clearly perceived in the case of a poor seal. As will be discussed hereinafter, the method in the illustrated embodiment is to construct a displaced tongue 3 7 of displacement 35 such that the tongue can be bent when the sheet is bent into a three-dimensional object. The "light" along the fold line is reduced to a minimum or full bend. This method can close the gap or cause no gap. Referring to Figure 2, the sheet 3 3 is similar to the patent and patent application described above. The method of forming forms at least one bend control displacement 35 in the thickness direction of the sheet. One or more bend control displacements are formed on the sheet to define the fold line 32. In the illustrated embodiment, These displacements provide a more pleasing visual appearance. However, as will be appreciated, 'the bending control displacements can also be alternately formed on either side of the fold line. Usually the displacement is a fairly traditional one. The method is formed by lance impacting the panel and moving at least a portion of the corresponding tongue member into a pair of vertical pockets. The bend control displacement thus formed includes a tongue member Be Partially displaced to a plane formed by adjacent surfaces of the sheet (eg, opposing sheet surface 44). One end of the tongue member 37 near the fold line is completely sheared off, resulting in a shear edge 39 is at least partially displaced to a plane defined by the sheet of the edge panel (see Figure 6). In one embodiment, the shear edge extends a distance below the surface of the opposing sheet, about It is 65% to 100% of the thickness of the sheet, preferably about 70% to 96% of the thickness of the sheet, more preferably about 70% to 85 % of the thickness of the sheet. For example, the sheet is 1 In a 6 degree mild steel embodiment, the shear edge has a maximum z depth of about 00.0095' to 0.110", wherein the z depth is a total measurement of the material thickness and displacement distance (see Figure 6A). The portion of the perimeter 40 of the bend control displacement adjacent the fold defines a shear plane 42 that is directed toward a pair of riser surfaces 44 of the sheet on an opposite side of the fold line. These plurality of bend control displacements 35 are formed on the sheet and the shear edges 39 extend along the respective shear planes 42. In the illustrated embodiment, the bend control displacements are all disposed along one side of the fold line. For ease of understanding, Figures 4B and 5B are enlarged schematic views of an exemplary configuration of the bending control displacement. The opposing sheet surface should not be confused with the opposing surface. As shown in Figures 6A and 6B, the shear edge 390 extends toward and abuts one end of the opposing sheet surface 44. Opposite surface 46 is tethered to one end of the opposing sheet surface 44. Conversely, the shear surface 42 is tethered to the distal end of the tongue 37. Although -14 - 200922709 the opposite sheet surface has a face at one end thereof, in the present context, the shear plane refers to the surface of the bend control displacement or the shear end of the tongue. Herein, the opposing sheet surface refers to the portion of the sheet on the opposite side of the fold line opposite the bend control displacement. In this context, the opposing surface refers to the surface of the face at the end of the opposing sheet surface. The shearing of the displacement produces a vertical displacement in the thickness direction of the sheet. The bend control displacement defines an opposite face 46 opposite each shear plane 42. When viewed from the side, the shear plane and the opposite surface are not actually displaced vertically but displaced horizontally such that they are offset from each other. This is because the shear plane is displaced and extends under the plane defined by the pair of force faces and can be pulled away from the opposite face during displacement. In one embodiment, the shear surface and the opposing surface are constructed and arranged to allow the sheet to be bent near the fold line to produce edge-to-face engagement of the sheet. The bend control displacement 35 has a substantially oval shape and includes a perimeter having an end portion 47 and a crown portion 49 extending between the ends. Contrary to conventional displacement, the crown of the bend controlled displacement has an arched and curved profile. The crown has a large radius of curvature such that the curve of the crown is gentle.
該冠部的曲線在形成該摺線的防流體性上亦扮演一關 鍵的角色。該冠部的曲線控制了在該板材內的力量，使得 在該剪變緣與該面的周圍的材料被拉動成爲實質密封的嚙 合以封閉該“光線”。亦即，該拱形冠部促進沿著該位移的 長度的緊密抵靠，使得一但被彎折時只有極少或甚至是沒 有“光線”通過該位移，藉以實施防流體功能（參見圖5 A -15- 200922709 )。該冠部之相對大的曲進該對立面的彈性變 使該對立面“彈簧地”抵靠該冠部。 如圖1 0及1 1所示，該曲率半徑是可改變 被使用之應用，該冠部可具有一相對小的曲率 部可具有一相對大的曲率半徑使得該剪變@只 。如果該冠部的輪廓太高的話，意謂著曲率半 該剪變面的最外部會將板材推開而讓密封無& 變緣。 較佳地，該彎折控制位移包括一與該第一冠 第二冠部，其爲該第一冠部的鏡像結構，使得它 第一冠部相同或實質相等的曲率半徑。此對稱結 工具壽命，因爲用來形成該等位移之衝頭可被旋 (如，繞著一垂直的軸轉動），因而可讓工具的 。一嚙合區5 1將該彎折控制位移3 5的周邊的一 的部分53連接至該板材33。 在所示的實施例中，該等端部具有一類似冠 輪廓，但該等端部的曲率半徑小於該冠部的曲率 等端部是小半徑圓弧，亦即，該等端部具有一緊 )曲率。例如參考圖3 A，該等端部的曲率半徑 位在該位移上。較佳地，該等端部的曲率半徑是 的厚度的1倍左右。例如，該端部的曲率半徑 1.5T及直徑爲3.0T，其中T爲該板材的厚度。 該等冠部具有較大的曲率半徑。例如，該等冠部 徑的中心位在該位移的外面，且比該板材的厚度 ，因此糙 1。根據其 徑或該冠 稍微外凸 不夠大， 貼著該剪 部相對之 具有與該 構可改善 轉180度 壽命倍增 未被剪變 部的拱形 半徑。該 的（tight 的中心係 在該板材 較佳地爲 相反地， 的曲率半 大複數倍 -16- 200922709 如圖1 0及1 1所示，該曲率半徑可實質地改變，且該 等端部的曲率半徑可獨立於該冠部的曲率半徑之外被改變 。如前面提及的，在彎折期間及之後，該冠部可爲了該材 料之較軟的彈簧作用，特別是該對立面緊靠該剪變緣的彈 簧作用，而被調整。 較佳地，彎折控制位移3 5包括位在該冠部49與該等 端部4 7之間的過渡區5 4。該過渡區的曲率半徑介於該等 端部的曲率半徑與該冠部的曲率半徑之間。因此，該等過 渡區係用作爲介於較大的曲率半徑之冠部與較小的曲率半 徑之端部之間的過渡周邊40。 在該板材3 3被彎折時，介於冠部4 9與端部4 7之間 一較平順的過渡可改善該剪變面42的密封。換言之，在 該冠部與端部之間提供一較小的且更緩和的曲率改變率可 在該板材已沿著該摺線被彎折之後改善沿著彎折處之防流 體性。 該等過渡區藉由產生均勻一致的壓力發展出一個區域 而被建造及製造成可容納介於彈性與塑性變形之間的轉換 ，該對立面在該區域內可成功地順著該冠部周邊的曲線。 沿著介於該冠部與端部之間的過渡區逐漸地減小曲率半徑 可提升順應性及塑性變形與彈性變形的轉換並產生一更佳 的密封。 該等冠部49與端部47形成該彎折控制位移的周邊40 的主要形狀。每一端部4 7都包括一部分的剪變面42與一 -17- 200922709 部分的嚙合區5 1。相同地’嚙合區5 1 ’過渡區5 4及端部 47形成該位移的周緣結構。在所示的實施例中’每一過渡 區都延伸在該彎折控制位移的周邊附近在該位移之縱長軸 相對於該位移的中心的5 °至1 5 °之內’如圖8所示（如角 度“A”及“B”）。然而，吾人將可理解的是，該過渡區的實 際尺寸及位置可依據該冠部與端部之各別的曲率半徑暫時 地改變。再者，該等過渡區具有區域性或局部性的知"徵’ 但相對於冠部與端部而言並沒有可供區別的結構性邊界。 詳言之，該對立面材料會在區域之間表現出重疊行爲’因 爲每一區域都逐漸融入一相鄰的區域中。 剪變面42沿著該冠部延伸，經過該等過渡區並進入 到端部。該剪變面較佳地沿伸在該位移的縱長軸相關於該 端部的半徑中心的〇-8〇° ’較佳地0°-60°，更佳地（Γ-40°之 內，如圖8所示（如角度“C”）。吾人將可瞭解的是，該 剪變面的延伸者以改變。 該切變的實際終止位置可藉由改變用來形成該等位移 的加工形態來加以調整。圖9顯示將該彎折控制位移移位 至凹穴“C”中之矛“L”的邊界，該凹穴“C”與該矛相對。該 矛的周邊形狀大體上與該剪變緣39及嚙合區51的形狀相 對應。該矛與凹穴的邊緣因而形成該彎折控制位移的形狀 。在所示的實施例中’沿著該冠部且接近該摺線之介於該 矛邊緣與凹穴邊緣之間的距離約爲該板材厚度的1 0 %，此 一尺寸大致上被理解爲會產生切變。介於矛邊緣之間的該 距離會沿著端部增加。該切變在該距離變大爲該板材厚度 -18- 200922709 的約2 5 %時會終止。藉由調整該矛與該凹穴形狀的曲率， 可調整2 5 %門檻的位置，因此可調整該切變的位置。 繼續參考圖9，該圖亦顯示出在該過渡區中被發現之 不同的曲率半徑。例如，該矛的冠部與端部的曲率半徑分 別被標記爲Rlc及Rle，其中該標記係指“矛冠部半徑”與“ 矛端部半徑”，而該矛的過渡區的曲率半徑則分別被標記 爲RlTI，RlT2，... RlT5。圖9亦顯不出曲率中心的不同位 置。 當位在該板材沿著該摺線被摺疊的彎折位置時’該等 彎折控制位移3 5被摺至一閉合的位置，使得沒有“光線” 或間隙被沿著該摺線產生。詳言之，該剪變緣與該舌件的 形狀相符合。在彎折期間，沿著端部的彈性行爲與在該中 間的彈性行爲有助於該剪變面42與該對立的板材表面44 之間的面-對一表面接觸，使得該板材沿著該摺線是實質 上防流體的。如圖5中所見，該面與該對立的板材表面彼 此緊靠用以將間隙封閉起來。 在一實施例中，每一彎折控制位移都是用一對在該板 材內與該摺線交會的彎折帶56來形成。該等彎折控制位 移的每一端都被形成有彎折帶使得一個別的剪變面42延 伸在該對彎折帶之間。該等彎折帶被建構及設置成可讓該 板材的彎折會遭遇到該等帶5 6用以張緊，使得當該板材 被彎折時該剪變面42緊緊地抵靠著該對立的板材表面44 。詳言之，當位在該摺線的兩側上的兩個板材面被摺疊時 ，該對立的板材表面被朝向該剪變面與該剪變緣拉動且與 -19- 200922709 它們相貼合。如在圖5中所示，將該等彎折控制位移建構 成可讓該等彎折帶在彎折期間被拉動覆蓋並抵靠該等位移 的外端（如圖中的箭頭“T”所示）是較佳的。在每一位移 的外端內，該周邊從一剪變緣過渡至該材料的一連續的網 狀物。以此方式，這些外端在該板材被彎折時被實質地加 以密封。 在一實施例中，當板材3 3沿著該摺線被彎折時，該 剪變間隙被該材料沿著剪變緣3 9的密封所閉合。在此被 彎折的位置，該剪變緣的邊緣與該等彎折帶5 6接觸。該 剪變緣的中央部分亦與對立的表面44接觸。因此，當該 板材被彎折時，該板材的彎折將該對立的表面密封至該剪 變面。在一實施例中，該密封係藉由該剪變面對該對立的 表面之緊密的抵靠而形成的。當此緊密的抵靠實質均勻一 致地沿著該剪變面時，該密封就會變得極爲密實。 又，參考圖5，此防流體的密封是在沒有使用密封物 質下形成的。此密封主要係藉由在彎折期間板材之緊密且 均勻一致的緊靠來形成且沒有使用到額外的材料。料係指 此技藝中習知之傳統的密封材料。密封材料亦指用來幫助 密封的功能之其它的裝置或物質。 在一實施例中，該矛被形成有一屋頂及一冠部，藉此 該矛的中央部分是扁平的且從該中央部分縱長向地延伸出 的端部向上傾斜。當形成具有此一矛的位移時，在該嚙合 區內之剪變攻擊可獲得進一步的控制。此一矛結構進一步 降低沖壓力量且降低在該矛的一端形成“光線”的可能性。 -20- 200922709 在某些應用中，進一步確保在該板材上的彎折處是防 流體的或甚至是不透流體（fluid-tight )是所想要的。因 此，在一實施例中，一連續的，較佳地是可撓曲的塗覆物 質5 8層被黏著至該板材上覆蓋該等彎折控制位移（參見 圖6)。該塗覆層可在該矛刺（laneing )或彎折之前被施 用’使得它在彎折之後仍保持沒有受損傷（如，沒有顯著 的脫落及/或裂痕）。或者，該板材可被摺疊成一三維結 構，後在沿著摺線實施該塗覆層的處理。適用用作爲該塗 覆層的物質包括，但不侷限於，塗料，塑膠，油脂，及相 關的各式凝膠化合物。在一替代的實施例中，該彎折控制 位移或該板材包括被分開來形成或合在一起形成之其它形 式，結構，或形狀用以提升密封性能。 現將描述依據本發明之形成三維結構的方法。一二維 板材首先如上文所述地加以製備。詳言之，在一板材製備 站台處’至少一彎折控制位移被形成在該板材的厚度方向 上其具有實質上卵形的形狀。該彎折控制位移可如上文中 提到的專利案及專利申請案中描述之使用CN C機器加工 ，沖壓，沖孔，或類此者來形成。 該彎折控制位移包括一具有端部47及冠部49的周邊 ’冠部延伸在端部之間靠近該摺線。彎折控制位移沿著該 周邊的一部分被剪變’使得一剪變面沿著該冠部延伸並進 入到該等端部內。該剪變面面向在該板材中在該摺線的相 反側上之對立的板材表面。 如上文中描述的’該彎曲的冠部被製造成可產生該剪 -21 - 200922709 變面與該對立的板材表面之間面-對-表面嚙合。因此， 當該結構被形成且該板材沿著摺線被彎折時，該面-對-表面的嚙合沿著該摺線產生一防流體密封。相同地，該位 移可被形成有彎折帶用以密封該剪變緣的部分。 接下來，該板材沿著摺線被依序地摺疊。這可在同一 站台或不同站台上來實施。再者，額外的構件及次組件可 在彎折之前或之後被固定至該結構上。此等構件亦可被放 置在該板材上且在該彎折處理期間被包覆在該板材內部。 從上面的描述中可被理解的是，該彎折控制位移的尺 寸，特別是冠部，端部，過渡區，及Z距離，可爲了特定 的應用而加以修改。實際的形態將與數項特徵有關，其包 括但不侷限於，所要求之防流體的程度，材料特性，美觀 上的考量，及在彎折上所想要的最大努力。 在彎折成三維結構之後，該結構可用一緊固件60加 以緊固且在一最後整修站台處完成。如上文中描述的，該 結構可用一塗覆層或密封材加以處理，以進一步強化防流 體性。該結構亦可用傳統的緊固件或焊接來加以緊固。 上述的方法可用一二維板材來達成具有防流體摺線之 三維結構的精確摺疊。相較於傳統的開槽縫該方法而言， 依據本發明的板材與該方法具有其它的優點。該方法可在 無需複雜的流體密封處理下製備一用來摺疊成一防流體三 維結構的二維板材。 爲了便於說明及爲了精確地界定下面的申請專利範圍 ,“向上”，“上方”，“向下”，“下方”，“內部”及“外面，’等 -22- 200922709 詞被用來描述附圖中所示之本發明的特徵彼此間的相對位 置關係。然而’任何實體上的方位都是可能的，所以這些 用詞只是爲了方便說明而被使用，不應被視爲是絕對性的 用詞。 本發明之特定實施例的上述說明已爲了舉例及描述的 目的而被提供。它們並不是要將本發明限制在所揭露的特 定形式上’且很顯然地在上述的教示下存在著許多修改及 變化。這些實施例是爲了對本發明的原理及其實際上的應 用作最佳的說明而被選取，藉以讓熟習此技藝者對本發明 作最佳的運用且具有各式修改之各式實施例適用於特定用 途的應用上。本發明的範圍係有下面的申請專利範圍及其 等效物來界定。 【圖式簡單說明】 圖1爲依據本發明所製備之具有防流體摺線之三維外 殼的立體圖。 圖2爲圖1的二維板材在摺疊成該三維物件之前的頂 視圖。 圖3爲圖2的二維板材的示意平面圖其具有在該端線 兩側上的彎折控制位移，且圖3 A爲其放大的細部。 圖4A爲使用在圖2的板材中之沿著一由多部分組成 的摺線的多個彎折控制位移的放大立體圖，其顯示該等位 移係向下延伸，及圖4B爲該等彎折控制位移的一部分的 等角視圖。 -23- 200922709 圖5A爲在圖2的板材被摺疊成爲圖1的三維物件之 後該等彎折控制位移的放大立體圖，及圖5 B爲彎折控制 位移的的一部分的等角視圖。 圖6A爲一具有圖3的彎折控制位移之板材的一部分 的放大等角圖式，及圖6B爲該部分在該板材沿著該摺線 被彎折之後的放大等角視圖。 圖7爲使用在圖2的板材上之彎折控制位移的示意圖 ，其顯示該彎折控制位移的周邊。 圖8爲使用在圖2的板材上之彎折控制位移的示意圖 ，其顯示沿著該彎折控制位移從一剪變面至一過渡區的轉 變。 圖9爲用來形成圖2的彎折控制位移之示範性工具加 工輪廓及方向。 圖1 〇及1 1爲用來形成圖2及3的彎折控制位移之其 它工具加工輪廊（tooling profile) 【主要元件符號說明】 3 0 :三維物件 3 2 :摺線 3 3 :板材 3 5 :彎折控制位移 3 7 :舌件 44 :對立的板材表面 -24- 200922709 3 9 :剪變緣 40 :周邊 42 :剪變面 46 :對立面 4 9 :冠部 5 1 :嚙合區 5 3 :未被剪變的部分 5 4 :過渡區 4 7 :端部 5 6 :彎折帶 6 0 :緊固件 -25-The curve of the crown also plays a key role in forming the fluid resistance of the fold line. The curve of the crown controls the force within the panel such that the material around the shear edge and the face is pulled into a substantially sealed engagement to enclose the "light". That is, the arched crown promotes a tight abutment along the length of the displacement so that there is little or even no "light" through the displacement once bent, thereby effecting a fluid-proof function (see Figure 5A). -15- 200922709). The relatively large curvature of the crown into the opposite surface causes the opposite surface to "spring" against the crown. As shown in Figures 10 and 11, the radius of curvature is an application that can be changed. The crown can have a relatively small curvature. The portion can have a relatively large radius of curvature such that the shear is @only. If the outline of the crown is too high, it means that the curvature of the outermost part of the shear surface will push the plate away and the seal will be free. Preferably, the bending control displacement comprises a first crown and a second crown, which is a mirror image of the first crown such that its first crown has the same or substantially equal radius of curvature. This symmetrical knot tool life, because the punch used to form the displacement can be rotated (e.g., rotated about a vertical axis), thus allowing the tool. An engaging portion 51 connects a portion 53 of the periphery of the bending control displacement 35 to the plate member 33. In the illustrated embodiment, the ends have a similar crown profile, but the ends of the ends have a radius of curvature smaller than the curvature of the crown, such as a small radius arc, that is, the ends have a Tight) curvature. For example, referring to Figure 3A, the radius of curvature of the ends is at the displacement. Preferably, the radius of curvature of the ends is about 1 times the thickness. For example, the end has a radius of curvature of 1.5 T and a diameter of 3.0 T, where T is the thickness of the sheet. The crowns have a large radius of curvature. For example, the center of the crown diameter is outside of the displacement and is rougher than the thickness of the sheet. According to the diameter or the crown, the convexity is not sufficiently large, and the curved portion having the same shearing portion as the structure can be improved by 180 degrees. This (the center of the tight is preferably the opposite of the plate, the curvature is half a multiple of a multiple -16 - 200922709, as shown in Figures 10 and 11, the radius of curvature can be substantially changed, and the ends The radius of curvature can be varied independently of the radius of curvature of the crown. As mentioned previously, during and after the bending, the crown can act for a softer spring of the material, in particular the opposite surface Preferably, the bending control displacement 35 includes a transition zone 54 between the crown 49 and the ends 47. The radius of curvature of the transition zone The radius of curvature between the ends is between the radius of curvature of the crown. Therefore, the transitions are used between the crown of the larger radius of curvature and the end of the smaller radius of curvature. Transitional periphery 40. When the sheet 3 3 is bent, a smoother transition between the crown portion 49 and the end portion 47 can improve the sealing of the shear plane 42. In other words, at the crown and end Providing a smaller and more gentle rate of curvature change between the sections where the sheet has been The line is bent to improve the fluid resistance along the bend. The transition zones are constructed and manufactured to accommodate a transition between elastic and plastic deformation by creating a uniform pressure to develop an area. The opposite surface can successfully follow the curve of the circumference of the crown in the region. The radius of curvature is gradually reduced along the transition between the crown and the end to improve compliance and plastic deformation and elastic deformation. Converting and producing a better seal. The crowns 49 and the ends 47 form the main shape of the perimeter 40 of the bend control displacement. Each end portion 47 includes a portion of the shear surface 42 and a -17-200922709 Part of the engagement zone 51. Similarly the 'engagement zone 5 1 ' transition zone 54 and the end 47 form the displaced peripheral structure. In the illustrated embodiment, 'each transition zone extends over the bend control displacement The vicinity of the perimeter of the displacement is within 5 ° to 15 ° with respect to the center of the displacement as shown in Figure 8 (eg angles "A" and "B"). However, as will be understood by us Yes, the actual size and location of the transition zone can be The respective curvature radii of the crown and the end are temporarily changed. Further, the transition zone has a regional or local knowledge and is not available with respect to the crown and the end. Distinct structural boundaries. In particular, the opposing material exhibits overlapping behavior between regions 'because each region gradually merges into an adjacent region. The shear surface 42 extends along the crown, passing through Waiting for the transition zone and entering the end. The shear plane preferably extends along the longitudinal axis of the displacement relative to the center of the radius of the end 〇 -8°°, preferably 0°-60°, Good place (Γ-40°, as shown in Figure 8 (such as angle "C"). As we will understand, the extension of the shear surface is changed. The actual end position of the shear can be adjusted by changing the processing pattern used to form the displacements. Figure 9 shows the shift of the bend control displacement to the boundary of the spear "L" in the pocket "C", which is opposite the spear. The peripheral shape of the spear substantially corresponds to the shape of the shearing edge 39 and the meshing zone 51. The edge of the spear and the pocket thus forms the shape of the bend control displacement. In the illustrated embodiment, 'the distance between the edge of the spear and the edge of the pocket along the crown and near the fold line is about 10% of the thickness of the sheet. This size is generally understood to be Produce shear. This distance between the edges of the spear increases along the end. The shear will terminate when the distance becomes greater than about 25% of the sheet thickness -18-200922709. By adjusting the curvature of the spear and the shape of the pocket, the position of the 25% threshold can be adjusted, so that the position of the shear can be adjusted. With continued reference to Figure 9, the figure also shows the different radii of curvature found in the transition zone. For example, the radius of curvature of the crown and the end of the spear is labeled Rlc and Rle, respectively, wherein the mark refers to the "spear crown radius" and the "spear end radius", and the radius of curvature of the transition zone of the spear is They are labeled as RlTI, RlT2, ... RlT5, respectively. Figure 9 also shows the different positions of the center of curvature. When the sheet is in a folded position in which the sheet is folded along the fold line, the bend control displacements 35 are folded to a closed position such that no "light" or gap is created along the fold line. In detail, the shearing edge conforms to the shape of the tongue. During bending, the elastic behavior along the end and the elastic behavior in the middle facilitates the face-to-surface contact between the shear surface 42 and the opposing sheet surface 44 such that the sheet follows the sheet The fold line is substantially fluid resistant. As seen in Figure 5, the face and the opposing sheet surfaces abut each other to close the gap. In one embodiment, each bend control displacement is formed by a pair of bend strips 56 that intersect the fold line within the sheet. Each end of the bending control displacement is formed with a bending strip such that an additional shearing surface 42 extends between the pair of bending strips. The bending strips are constructed and arranged such that the bending of the sheet encounters the strips 56 for tensioning such that the shearing surface 42 abuts tightly when the sheet is bent Opposite sheet surface 44. In particular, when the two sheet faces on both sides of the fold line are folded, the opposing sheet faces are pulled toward the shear plane and the shear edges and they are attached to -19-200922709. As shown in FIG. 5, the bending control displacements are constructed such that the bending bands are pulled over during bending and abut against the outer ends of the displacements (as indicated by the arrow "T" in the figure). Show) is preferred. Within the outer end of each displacement, the perimeter transitions from a shear edge to a continuous web of material. In this way, the outer ends are substantially sealed when the sheet is bent. In one embodiment, when the sheet 3 3 is bent along the fold line, the shear gap is closed by the seal of the material along the shear edge 39. In the position where it is bent, the edge of the shearing edge is in contact with the bending strips 56. The central portion of the shear edge is also in contact with the opposing surface 44. Thus, when the sheet is bent, the bending of the sheet seals the opposing surface to the shear surface. In one embodiment, the seal is formed by the shearing against a tight abutment of the opposing surfaces. When the tight abutment is substantially uniform along the shear plane, the seal becomes extremely dense. Further, referring to Fig. 5, the fluid-proof seal is formed without using a sealing substance. This seal is primarily formed by the tight and uniform abutment of the panels during bending without the use of additional materials. The material refers to a conventional sealing material as is known in the art. The sealing material also refers to other devices or substances used to assist in the function of sealing. In one embodiment, the spear is formed with a roof and a crown whereby the central portion of the lance is flat and the end extending longitudinally from the central portion is upwardly inclined. When a displacement with this spear is formed, the shear attack in the meshing region can be further controlled. This spear structure further reduces the punching force and reduces the likelihood of "light" at one end of the spear. -20- 200922709 In some applications, it is further desirable to ensure that the bends on the sheet are fluid-tight or even fluid-tight. Thus, in one embodiment, a continuous, preferably flexible, coating of coating material is applied to the panel to cover the bending control displacements (see Figure 6). The coating may be applied 'before the lacening or bending' such that it remains unaffected after bending (e.g., without significant shedding and/or cracking). Alternatively, the sheet material can be folded into a three-dimensional structure, followed by treatment of the coating layer along the fold line. Suitable materials for use as the coating include, but are not limited to, paints, plastics, greases, and related gel compounds. In an alternate embodiment, the bend control displacement or the sheet material includes other forms, structures, or shapes that are formed separately or formed together to enhance sealing performance. A method of forming a three-dimensional structure in accordance with the present invention will now be described. A two-dimensional sheet was first prepared as described above. In particular, at least one bend control displacement at a sheet preparation station is formed in a substantially oval shape in the thickness direction of the sheet. The bend control displacement can be formed using CNC machining, stamping, punching, or the like as described in the patents and patent applications mentioned above. The bend control displacement includes a perimeter ' crown having an end portion 47 and a crown portion 49 extending between the ends adjacent the fold line. The bend control displacement is sheared along a portion of the perimeter such that a shear plane extends along the crown and into the ends. The shear plane faces the opposing sheet surface on the opposite side of the fold line in the sheet. The curved crown is fabricated as described above to produce a face-to-surface engagement between the shear-21 - 200922709 face and the opposing sheet surface. Thus, when the structure is formed and the sheet is bent along the fold line, the face-to-surface engagement creates a fluid-tight seal along the fold line. Similarly, the displacement can be formed with a bending strip to seal the portion of the shearing edge. Next, the sheets are sequentially folded along the fold line. This can be done on the same platform or on different platforms. Furthermore, additional components and sub-assemblies can be secured to the structure before or after bending. These members may also be placed on the panel and wrapped within the panel during the bending process. As can be appreciated from the above description, the dimensions of the bend control displacement, particularly the crown, the end, the transition zone, and the Z distance, can be modified for a particular application. The actual form will be related to several features including, but not limited to, the degree of fluid resistance required, material properties, aesthetic considerations, and the best effort desired to bend. After being bent into a three-dimensional structure, the structure can be fastened with a fastener 60 and completed at a final refining station. As described above, the structure can be treated with a coating or sealing material to further enhance the anti-fluidity. The structure can also be fastened with conventional fasteners or welding. The above method can use a two-dimensional sheet to achieve precise folding of the three-dimensional structure with fluid-proof fold lines. The sheet according to the invention has other advantages over the method compared to conventional slotted methods. The method provides a two-dimensional sheet for folding into a fluid-resistant three-dimensional structure without the need for complicated fluid sealing treatment. For the convenience of description and in order to precisely define the scope of the following claims, the words "upward", "above", "downward", "below", "internal" and "outside," etc.-22-200922709 are used to describe The features of the invention shown in the figures are relative to each other. However, 'any orientation on the entity is possible, so these terms are used for convenience of description and should not be considered as absolute. The above description of the specific embodiments of the present invention has been provided for the purposes of illustration and description. The embodiments are chosen to best explain the principles of the invention and its practical application, so that those skilled in the art can make the best use of the invention and have various modifications. The examples are applicable to specific applications. The scope of the invention is defined by the scope of the following claims and their equivalents. Figure 2 is a top plan view of the two-dimensional sheet of Figure 1 before being folded into the three-dimensional object. Figure 3 is a schematic plan view of the two-dimensional sheet of Figure 2 having The bending on both sides of the end line controls the displacement, and Figure 3A is an enlarged detail thereof. Figure 4A is a plurality of bending control displacements along a multi-part polyline used in the sheet of Figure 2. An enlarged perspective view showing the displacements extending downwardly, and FIG. 4B is an isometric view of a portion of the bending control displacements. -23- 200922709 FIG. 5A is a three-dimensional view of the sheet of FIG. An enlarged perspective view of the bending control displacement after the object, and FIG. 5B is an isometric view of a portion of the bending control displacement. FIG. 6A is an enlarged isometric view of a portion of the sheet having the bending control displacement of FIG. And Figure 6B is an enlarged isometric view of the portion after the sheet is bent along the fold line. Figure 7 is a schematic view of the bending control displacement used on the sheet of Figure 2, showing the bend control displacement The surrounding area. Figure 8 is A schematic view of the bending control displacement on the sheet of Figure 2, showing the transition from a shear plane to a transition zone along the bend control displacement. Figure 9 is used to form the bend control displacement of Figure 2. Example tool machining contour and direction Figure 1 〇 and 1 1 are other tooling profiles used to form the bending control displacement of Figures 2 and 3. [Main component symbol description] 3 0 : 3D object 3 2 : fold line 3 3 : sheet 3 5 : bending control displacement 3 7 : tongue 44 : opposite sheet surface - 24 - 200922709 3 9 : shear edge 40 : perimeter 42 : shear surface 46 : opposite surface 4 9 : crown 5 1 : Engagement zone 5 3 : Uncut portion 5 4 : Transition zone 4 7 : End section 5 6 : Bending zone 6 0 : Fastener - 25-