200922100 九、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 ::明係有關-種軟起動保護偵測裝置及 ;:種用於變頻器之軟起動電路之保護偵測裝置及其方 【先前技術】 f" ，著固態變頻器（solid她職rter)的成功開發 達的使用也逐漸頻繁。交流 :馬 果佳等優點，因此隨著功率半導雕小’散熱效 技術的進牛，羊+ V體凡件、微處理機及控制 人之場合Γ ^達也廣泛用於⑽工具機及工業機器 圖，習知的交流馬達與市電連接的方塊 -轉：：：(例黯或是鑛物 應到變^/ 流至直流轉換。轉換後的直流電則供 夂：=鄉。，以做直流至交流轉換，其中變頻器 換斗 單元（cpu)50之控制，而將直流電轉 交以^率及位準的交流電，以將該所需頻率及位準的 又极电驅動一馬達60。 哭雷致：輸入疋使用整流濾波之直流電源，所以在變頻 :;制起動阻構成之軟起動電路(S。— 十⑽（動後再利用繼電器、電磁接觸器、SCR 由 〜路起動電阻。如第二圖所示，該轉換器30主要 敫：丞體組32及濾'波電容〇構成，市電2〇經由二極體組％ ^及'_過濾波電容以慮波後，再供應給變頻器（未圖 200922100 示）。整流濾波電路的淚# 時，會差生很大的充電電，：和輪入市電的壓差太大 流二極體組幻損壞、或保：絲^瞬:過；流使得輪入整 因此在整流渡波電路常會 絲開關跳脫。 流，即在電路中串聯_軟起動來減少起動電 濾波電路串聯，當正常 於電阻是和整流 —一::::::會電：耗:大的功率，所 f 旁路軟起動電㈣:稱；軟=器、 一圏所不，在起動後，中 、動电路。如第 上其開關7M以旁路軟起動：阻：，會控制繼電器72，關 然而如果印刷電路板佈 關故障都可能造成起動 ay〇ui)斷線、繼電器開 入任何保護或谓測電路，所前現行做法並沒有加 變頻器燒毁。再者，若旦：路失效就有機會造成 ，本發明之目的即在提出一個變阻被燒毁，因此 置’當偵測到電路故障時，就 動保護偵剛裝 =大負载’來防止起動電路燒毁。冑出警告或是不允 【發明内容】 因此本發明之另—目的即在於一 動保護偵測裝置。 、扶ί、一種變頻器之敕起 主要if成上述目的’本發明提供之軟起動伴心 含：央處理單元及-光•合界=裝置 起動電阻及-電控開關，例如」繼電 1=電路包 电态邊_電器 200922100 具有-常開開關(normaUy open)端與 單:係與變頻器電連接，及聯:讀 “連接。該输器具有-發光二極體及：之—輪八 該發光二極體與-串接電阻串聯後再盘光電晶體， 理單元在變頻器起動後，若收單元。該中央處 輸出電壓至該變頻器，以避免變頻器號’可停此 該中央處理單元可先送一訊號二 關開路;再送出一短時 2電益之常開開 阻。若中央處理單元得知發光二極體會：動電 繼電器已經永久短路。 X先，則可判定讀 【實施方式】 如第二圖所示，本發明之軟起 含-中央處理單元、一光麵合器74及：°串接：裝置主要包 起動保護偵測裝置係可用於如第二圖所亍該敕 動電路’以保護整個變頻器系統之2不=， 路中繼電器的故障情形。在第三 、，偵測叙起動電 圖相同或是相似，則使用相同之之70件’若與第二 該光避免重複說明。 〜 知尤—極體74A及一古啻曰μ Β ’其中發光二極體74Α之陽極與軟起 版 點A連接，而發光二極體74A之陰極則透二 端 極連接。該光電晶體權之射 er)接地，而集極 凡，並透過另-電議連接到—5V電源妾至中央處理早 200922100 該電控開關72例如可以為一繼電器（reiay)、一電磁接 觸器（Magnetic contact, MC )、一矽控整流子（Silicon contr〇lle(j rectifier, SCR)、或是一交流矽控整流子（又稱為雙向石夕控整 流子 triggering bidirecoional thyristor，TRIAC )。該電控開關 72 之 一端可以提供常開開關（normally open)端或是常閉開關 (normally close)端，而另一端則受控制器、中央處理單元或 疋其他電路等控制而切換常開開關端或是常閉開關端之開 f 啟（短路）或是關閉（斷路）狀態。下面說明則以繼電器 為例’但是須知本發明之揭露可以應用於其他之電控開 關。該繼電器72具有一個常開開關端72A與該軟起動電阻 R並聯，及—個輸入端72B與該中央處理單元電連接。在 市電開始供應電源時，為避免過大的起動電流，該繼電器 ，之#開開關端72A會斷路（open circuit),使得起動電流流 %忒軟起動電阻R ’以抑制起動電流。在經過一預定時間 f .，後°亥中央處理單元可透過控制繼電器輸入端72B以使 v該繼電器72之常開開關端72八短路（sh〇rtcircuit)，以避免負 载電流流經該軟起動電阻R，造成功率損耗。 本毛月之軟起動保濩偵測裝置可偵測軟起動電路中繼 ::器的故障情形，一般繼電器的故障方式有不動作和繼電 =接點因向電流造成的接點永久短路，此二種故障會造成 3同的損^式’本發明之軟起動保護制裝置可同 碉到此二種鵠壞。 私：_所系之、、鏖電窃72不動作時，負載電流全流過 人起動琶随R。依歐姆定律，軟起動電阻r兩端壓差加 200922100 二：過：起動電…端壓差會經過串接電 出警告或停止輸出，以保：起處理單元做 以發出警示信號，然此動閃光燈 不在寶述。更詳細而言了二2;習知技術，因此在此 光耦合器74之發光二極體 ^阻=壓差過高’ 感應到光線後阻抗會下降，因該先電晶體观在 壓（集極電壓）會;：中=?合器74之端點4的電 之端點4嶋下降後：到肅器74 P J #斷弟二圖所示之繼電器72 不動作，因此可做警告或停止輸出等因應處理。 、、,=第三圖所示之繼電器72之常開開關端72A因高電 :二"妾點水久短路(Sh〇rtdrcuit)，可藉由中央處理單元 =關_電器72(亦即先送訊號以期使常開開關端72八斷 ’^疋在常開開關端72入因高電流造成的接點永久短路 法，常開開關端72A正常斷路）並預送一短時間電 :了短時間電流足以在軟起動電阻R兩端產生壓差（例 --74〇ΓΓ J °·3-0·5 ^ ί離二【此Γ繼電器72已永久短路’則該短時間 不合㈢"L過已水久短路之常開開關端72Α，光耦合器74 動作中央處理單元也不會收到軟起動故障信號， 可在器，關可能已永久短路。上述測試流程 端72八碣台工作丽進行，以檢測繼電器72之常開開關 疋否已經因咼電流造成的接點永久短路，禮保電路 200922100 正常操作。 綜上所述，當知本發明已具有 進步性’又本發明之構造亦未曾見於同^用'f、新類性與 用’完全符合發明專利申請要件=扣及公開使 【圖式簡單說明】 友依專利法提出申請。 圖 第一圖所示為_ f知的交 乂"馬達與市電連接的方塊 第:二圖所示為一習知之軟起動電路。 弟二圖所場細W彻她彳裝置。 【主要元件符號說明】 【習知技術】 交流馬達季轉 1Λ ha ίο 市電2〇 轉換器30變頻器4〇 中央處理單元（咖）50馬達60 一極體組32濾波電容^ 軟起動電阻R繼電器72 開關72A 〇σ 本發明】 市電20 中麥# 一 Υ兴處理早元（CPU ) 50 —極體組32濾波電容c 軟起動電阻R繼電器72 常開開關端72A 觴+ b200922100 IX. Description of the invention: [Technical field of the invention]: A soft start protection detection device related to the invention and a protection detection device for a soft start circuit of a frequency converter and a method thereof [Prior Art] f", the use of solid-state inverters (solid her job rter) has been used more and more frequently. Communication: Ma Guojia and other advantages, so with the power of semi-guided small "heat-dissipation technology into the cattle, sheep + V body parts, microprocessors and controllers Γ ^ is also widely used (10) machine tools and industry Machine diagram, the block of the conventional AC motor and the mains connection - turn::: (Examples or minerals should be changed to ^ / flow to DC conversion. The converted DC power is supplied by: = township. AC conversion, in which the inverter change unit (cpu) 50 is controlled, and the direct current is transferred to the AC power of the rate and level to drive the motor 60 to the desired frequency and level. : Input 疋 DC power supply using rectification and filtering, so in the frequency conversion:; the starting resistor constitutes the soft start circuit (S. - Ten (10) (after using the relay, electromagnetic contactor, SCR by the ~ starting resistor. As the second As shown in the figure, the converter 30 is mainly composed of a body group 32 and a filter 'wave capacitor ,. The mains 2 〇 is filtered by the diode group % ^ and '_ filter capacitors, and then supplied to the inverter ( Not shown in 200922100). When the teardown # of the rectification filter circuit is different A large charging power, and the pressure difference between the wheel and the mains is too large. The diode group is damaged or protected: the wire is instantaneous: over; the flow makes the wheel enter the whole, so the wire switch is often tripped in the rectifier wave circuit. That is, in the circuit in series _ soft start to reduce the starting electrical filter circuit series, when normal is the resistance and rectification - one:::::: will electricity: consumption: large power, f bypass soft start power (four): Weighing, soft, and ignoring, after starting, the middle and dynamic circuits. For example, the switch 7M is used to bypass the soft start: resistance: it will control the relay 72, but if the printed circuit board is closed, It may cause the start line to be disconnected, and the relay shall open any protection or pre-measure circuit. The current practice does not add the inverter to burn. In addition, if the road fails, there is a chance that the purpose of the present invention is In the case of a varistor being burned, it is set to 'when a circuit failure is detected, the protection is just installed = large load' to prevent the starting circuit from being burned. The warning is issued or not allowed. [Inventive content] Another object of the invention is to provide a motion protection detection device. Ίί, a kind of frequency converter is mainly used for the above purpose. The soft start with the present invention includes: central processing unit and - light and junction = device starting resistance and - electronically controlled switch, for example, "relay 1 = Circuit pack electrical side _ electrical 200922100 has - normally open switch (normaUy open) end and single: is electrically connected to the inverter, and connected: read "connection. The transmitter has - light-emitting diode and: - wheel eight The light-emitting diode and the series resistor are connected in series and then the photoelectric crystal is turned on. After the inverter is started, the unit receives the unit. The center outputs a voltage to the inverter to avoid the inverter number 'can stop the center. The processing unit can send a signal to the second to open the circuit; then send a short-time 2 power to open the normally open. If the central processing unit knows that the LED is: the electrokinetic relay has been permanently shorted. X first, then can be judged to read [Embodiment] As shown in the second figure, the soft start of the present invention - central processing unit, a smoothing device 74 and: ° series: device main package start protection detection device It can be used for the swaying circuit as shown in the second figure to protect the entire inverter system from the failure condition of the relay in the road. In the third, if the detection start circuit is the same or similar, the same 70 pieces are used. ~ 知尤-polar body 74A and a 啻曰μμ Β ′ where the anode of the light-emitting diode 74Α is connected to the soft-starting point A, and the cathode of the light-emitting diode 74A is connected through the two terminals. The photoelectric crystal is erected to ground, and is extremely concentrated, and is connected to the -5V power supply through another power supply to the central processing early 200922100. The electronic control switch 72 can be, for example, a relay (reiay), an electromagnetic contactor. (Magnetic contact, MC), a controlled commutator (Silicon contr〇lle (j rectifier), or an AC control commutator (also known as a bidirectional tuning divergering bidirecoional thyristor, TRIAC). One end of the electronic control switch 72 can provide a normally open end or a normally closed end, and the other end is controlled by a controller, a central processing unit or other circuits to switch the normally open switch end. Or the normally closed switch end is opened (short circuited) or closed (opened) state. The following description uses a relay as an example. 'But the disclosure of the present invention can be applied to other electronically controlled switches. The relay 72 has a constant The open switch end 72A is connected in parallel with the soft start resistor R, and the input terminal 72B is electrically connected to the central processing unit. To avoid excessive starting current when the mains supply starts to supply power. The relay, the open switch end 72A will open circuit, so that the starting current flow % 忒 soft start resistor R ' to suppress the starting current. After a predetermined time f., the central processing unit can pass through the control relay The input terminal 72B is configured to short-circuit the normally open switch terminal 72 of the relay 72 to prevent the load current from flowing through the soft start resistor R, thereby causing power loss. The soft start protection detection device of the month It can detect the soft start circuit relay:: the fault condition of the device, the failure mode of the general relay has no action and the relay = the contact is permanently shorted due to the contact caused by the current, and the two faults will cause the same loss. The soft start protection device of the present invention can achieve the same two kinds of damages. Private: _, and the smashing 72 does not operate, the load current flows through the person starting 琶 with R. According to Ohm's law , soft start resistor r pressure difference between the two ends plus 200922100 Second: over: start the electric ... the end pressure difference will be through the series of power out warning or stop output, to ensure that: the processing unit to do to send a warning signal, but this moving flash is not treasure Said in more detail Said 2 2; conventional technology, so the light-emitting diode of the optical coupler 74 = the pressure difference is too high 'the impedance will decrease after the light is sensed, because the first transistor is under pressure (collector voltage) Meeting;: The end point of the electric terminal 4 of the middle=? 74 of the combiner 74 is lowered: the relay 72 shown in the figure PJ #断弟二图 does not operate, so it can be used as a warning or stop output. Handling, ,, = The normally open switch end 72A of the relay 72 shown in the third figure is high-powered: two "short water short circuit (Sh〇rtdrcuit), can be handled by the central processing unit = off_electric 72 That is to say, the signal is sent first to make the normally open switch terminal 72 interrupted. ^^ The permanent open circuit of the normally open switch terminal 72 is caused by the high current, the normally open switch terminal 72A is normally open, and a short time is pre-supplied. : A short time current is enough to generate a voltage difference across the soft start resistor R (example - 74 〇ΓΓ J ° · 3-0 · 5 ^ ί from the second [this Γ relay 72 has been permanently shorted] then the short time does not match (three) " ; L over the long-opening switch terminal 72Α, the optical coupler 74 action central processing unit will not receive the soft start fault signal, can be in the device, You may have permanent short circuit. The above test flow end 72 is carried out to detect the normally open switch of the relay 72. If the contact has been permanently short-circuited due to the current, the protection circuit 200922100 operates normally. In summary, it is known that the present invention has been progressive' and the structure of the present invention has not been seen in the same use of 'f, new class and use' fully in line with the invention patent application requirements = deduction and disclosure to make [schematic brief description] 】 Friends apply under the patent law. The first figure shows the intersection of the motor and the mains. The second figure shows a conventional soft start circuit. In the second picture of the younger brother, she was careful about her device. [Main component symbol description] [Practical technology] AC motor season turn 1Λ ha ίο Mains 2 converter 30 inverter 4 〇 central processing unit (coffee) 50 motor 60 One-pole group 32 filter capacitor ^ Soft start resistor R relay 72 Switch 72A 〇σ The present invention] Mains 20 Zhongmai #一Υ兴处理早元(CPU) 50 — Pole group 32 filter capacitor c Soft start resistor R relay 72 Normally open switch end 72A 觞+ b
、、k電器輸入端72B 光_合器74 |光二植體m 200922100 光電晶體74B 串接電阻R1 接點 A，B 電阻R2, k electrical input 72B light _ combiner 74 | light second implant m 200922100 photoelectric crystal 74B series resistor R1 contact A, B resistor R2