200916667 九、發明說明 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明是關於：用來螺合於螺栓並鎖緊物體的螺帽， 更詳細地說，是可防止螺紋鬆弛的防鬆螺帽。 【先前技術】 傳統上’利用具有公螺紋的螺栓、及具有可螺合於該 螺检之母螺紋的螺帽’來鎖緊並固定物體的固定手段已廣 爲大眾所熟知’且早已廣泛應用於各種的用途、領域。雖 然螺栓與螺帽是利用公螺紋與母螺紋間的螺合來執行鎖緊 ，卻可能因爲作用於螺栓或螺帽的振動、旋轉、衝撃等， 而導致鎖緊的效果產生鬆弛之虞。螺紋的鬆弛，將導致物 體的固定狀態變得不安定，有時恐將招致重大事故的產生 。因此，爲了防止螺紋的鬆弛，傳統上已揭示各種方法、 構造。 螺紋是形成：藉由來自於鎖緊部的應力，使螺栓與螺 帽互相朝軸方向的相反方向位移而使螺紋溝消失，公螺紋 與母螺紋的螺紋頂部在軸方向上形成抵接而可達到鎖緊力 的保持與固定狀態的維持。而螺紋的防鬆，通常是藉由用 來防止朝公螺紋與母螺紋之軸方向的逆轉的手段，譬如鎖 緊螺帽、彈簧墊片等，來防止螺紋的逆轉。但是，在如同 上述的習知鎖緊螺帽或彈簧墊片之類的螺紋逆轉防止手段 中，不過是利用逆轉防止手段使公螺紋與母螺紋靠近軸方 向上的其中一側而維持緊密貼附於螺紋頂部的狀態罷了， -4- 200916667 在緊密貼附側的相反側，由於公螺紋與母螺紋之間的間隔 變大，且螺紋溝並未消失之故，恐有因承受衝撃或振動而 所形成的導致緊密貼附狀態輕易地消除之虞，而無法充分 地防止螺紋的鬆弛。 因此，在專利文獻1及2中揭示著：利用使螺帽的局 部變形後抵接於螺栓的方式，使螺紋溝消失而防止螺紋逆 轉的技術。專利文獻1所揭示的技術爲：由固定螺帽與鎖 緊螺帽的雙重螺帽所形成，並在固定螺帽一體地連結著外 周面形成錐面的鎖緊筒體，在該鎖緊筒體形成複數條裂縫 ，並以鎖緊螺帽按壓錐面而促使鎖緊筒體產生變形，而專 利文獻2所揭示的技術爲：使在螺帽的座面間產生變形的 突起一體地形成於螺帽，使該突起嵌入螺帽與螺栓的螺紋 溝並形成楔狀後變形，而防止螺帽的鬆弛。 但是’在使上述螺帽的局部變形的構造中，由於鎖緊 筒體和突起的根部是與螺帽形成一體，當使其變形時只是 使前端部分傾斜而使公螺紋與母螺紋以較小的面積形成接 觸，而具有無法獲得所期待之充分防鬆效果的問題。此外 ’由於很難解除由變形後的鎖緊筒體或突起所產生的固定 ，而具有需要特殊夾具的問題。不僅如此，在長時間固定 的場合中’恐有無法解除該固定之虞。特別是突起的形成 ，很難利用鍛造方法等之大量生產方式來製造，而爲不適 用於大量生產物品之螺帽製造的構造》 [專利文獻1]日本實開昭5 5- 1 1 5422號公報 [專利文獻2]日本特開平10-61645號公報 200916667 【發明內容】 [發明欲解決之課題] 本發明是提供一種：可更確實 帽之間的防鬆，並且是可適用於大 帽。 [解決課題之手段] 本發明爲防鬆螺帽，其特徵爲 是螺合於螺栓後鎖緊；及墊片，該 螺栓之間，墊片具有可供前述螺栓 在軸方向上形成有從其中一端延伸 螺帽與墊片是透過皿頭圓錐形的錐 與皿頭圓錐形之錐面間的抵接所產 片縮徑並使墊片按壓固定於螺栓， 螺帽具有：母螺紋部，該母螺 螺栓之公螺紋的母螺紋；及筒狀部 母螺紋部，墊片具有：凸緣部，該 之軸心的方向延伸；及筒狀部，該 螺栓軸方向豎立成筒狀，筒狀部的 形的錐面，該皿頭圓錐形的錐面是 向前端逐漸縮徑，螺帽之筒狀部的 錐面的最大外徑，在墊片形成有從 爲止的裂縫，將螺栓貫穿墊片，並 且強力地達成螺栓與螺 量生產之構造的防鬆螺 :具備：螺帽，該螺帽 墊片夾介於該螺帽與該 插入的筒狀插入部，且 至另一端爲止的裂縫， 面而抵接，藉由鎖緊時 生的螺帽鎖緊，促使墊 進而達成螺帽的防鬆。 紋部形成有用來螺合於 ，該筒狀部是連接於該 凸緣部是朝垂直於螺栓 筒狀部是從該凸緣部朝 外周面是形成皿頭圓錐 以凸緣部作爲根部而朝 內徑是形成小於墊片之 其中一端延伸至另一端 在將螺帽的筒狀部插入 -6- 200916667 墊片的筒狀部的狀態下螺合於螺栓，藉由墊片的錐面與螺 帽的筒狀部之間的抵接，使墊片縮徑並將墊片的筒狀部內 面按壓固定於螺栓後鎖緊。 在凸緣部與筒狀部的錐面之間，具有平行於螺栓軸方 向且從凸緣部豎起之非錐狀的基端部，在螺帽鎖緊時，使 螺帽的筒狀部抵接於非錐狀的基端部後卡入，只要螺帽抵 接於該非錐狀的基端部內，便不會產生螺帽的鬆弛，可提 高防鬆的安全度。墊片的筒狀部內徑可以是圓形剖面或者 三角形、四角形、五角形、六角形等非圓形剖面的任何一 種。不僅如此，皿頭圓錐形的筒狀部亦可隔著凸緣部而形 成軸方向對稱。在該場合中，雙方的筒狀部分別可供螺帽 的筒狀部卡合，而促使墊片縮徑。此外，在墊片的筒狀部 內面可形成：與前述螺栓方向相反的螺紋、或節距與螺栓 之螺紋節距不同之正方向的螺紋、或者在軸方向上形成並 行的縱溝，來抑制墊片的旋轉。 [發明的效果] 根據本發明的防鬆螺帽，如實施例1所示，在符合美 國航空器規格的振動試驗中，可獲得1 7分鐘以上之耐振 性的顯著效果，可確實地防止鬆弛，是具有可長時間保持 強力的鎖緊狀態的效果。 本發明的防鬆螺帽，其構造單純，可將製造成本抑制 成十分地低廉，具有可適用於大量生產的效果。 -7- 200916667 【實施方式】 以下，參考圖面來詳細地說明本發明的最佳實施形態 。第1圖’是顯示將本實施態樣的防鬆螺帽（1)鎖緊於 螺栓（2 )，而固定被鎖緊體（3 )之狀態的剖面圖。第2 圖，是顯示第1圖中防鬆螺帽（1)之構造的局部剖面立 體圖’第3圖是顯示在第1圖中防鬆螺帽（1)的墊片 )之構造的局部剖面立體圖。第4圖A，是槪略地顯示由 於螺帽（1 )的鎖緊而使墊片（5 )變形之樣態的示意圖， 第4圖B爲第4圖A的局部放大圖。第5圖，是顯示墊 片（5 )之其中一種變形例的局部剖面立體圖，第6圖是 槪略地顯示第5圖中墊片（5 )之鎖緊狀態的圖。第7圖 ，是顯示墊片（5 )之另一種變形例的局部剖面立體圖， 第8圖是槪略地顯示第7圖中墊片（5 )之鎖緊狀態的圖 〇 如第1圖所示’本實施態樣的防鬆螺帽具備：螺合於 螺栓（2)後鎖緊的螺帽（1);及夾介於該螺帽（1)與 該螺栓（2)之間的墊片（5)，當前述螺帽（1)於鎖緊 時’是藉由該螺帽（1)之螺合所產生的鎖緊而使前述墊 片（5)縮徑，而藉由該墊片（5)與前述螺栓（2)穩固 的抵接而獲得防鬆效果。 如第2圖所示’本實施態樣的螺帽（1 )具有：母螺 紋部（1 b )，該母螺紋部（〗b )形成有用來螺合於前述螺 检（2 )之公螺紋（2b )的母螺紋（丨a );及圓筒狀的筒 狀部（1 c ) ’該圓筒狀筒狀部（i c )是連接於該母螺紋（ -8- 200916667 1 a )。該螺帽（1 )的外形當然不侷限於略正六 可採用傳統上習知的螺帽外形。 如第3圖所示，本實施態樣的墊片（5 )具 的圓板狀凸緣部（5 a )，該平坦的圓板狀凸緣 延伸在垂直於螺栓之軸方向的方向上；及筒狀部 筒狀部（5 b )是從該凸緣部（5 a )沿著螺栓軸方 成筒狀，筒狀部（5 b )的外周面是形成：從凸緣 朝向外方縮小之皿頭圓錐形的錐面。該筒狀部（ 頂部（5 c )的最大外徑小於螺帽（1 )之筒狀部 內徑，墊片（5 )之筒狀部（5 b )的最大外徑則 螺帽（1 )之筒狀部（1 c )的內徑，可由螺帽利 楔型效應而使墊片縮徑。爲了形成縮徑，在墊少 成有：從該墊片（5)的其中一端連接至另一端 裂縫（5e)。具有從凸緣部（5a)豎起之錐狀外 片（5 )的筒狀部（5b )，最好是在與凸緣部（ 具有：平行於螺栓之軸方向且略微豎起的非錐狀 指筒狀的基端部（5 f)，在螺帽（1 )鎖緊時，在 之筒狀部（1 c )的內周面抵接於該基端部（5 f ) 入，而可更確實地達成防鬆。 本發明的防鬆螺帽（1 )可螺合於傳統上習 螺栓（2 )後鎖緊，但本實施態樣中的螺栓（2 ) 六角柱的頭部（2 a )(在埋頭螺栓之類的場合中 要頭部）；及形成有公螺紋的螺栓本體（2b)。 (3 )是具有可供螺栓本體（2b )貫穿的貫穿孔 角柱狀， 有：平坦 (5a)是 (5b )， 向而豎立 部（5a) 5b)，其 (lc)的 形成大於 用錐面的 Γ ( 5 )形 後切入的 周面的墊 5a)之間 ，也就是 義帽（1 ) 並形成卡 知的一般 具有：略 ，則不需 被鎖緊體 (3a)( 200916667 請參考第1圖）。 當把本實施態樣的鬆螺帽（1)鎖緊於前述螺栓（2) 之際，是將被鎖緊體（3 )挾入該螺栓（2 )的頭部（2 a ) 與凸緣部（5 a )之間並貫穿墊片（5 )，在此之後’一邊 將螺帽（1 )的筒狀部（1 c )插入墊片（5 )的筒狀部（5 b )並一邊螺合於螺栓（2 )。藉由螺帽（1 )的螺進（鎖入 )，使螺帽（1)的筒狀部（lc)卡合於墊片（5)之錐狀 的筒狀部（5 b )，並利用沿著錐面的楔型效應’而如第4 圖所示使墊片（5) —邊產生變形並一邊形成縮@ ’使該 墊片（5 )之筒狀部（5 b )的內周面局部性地按壓固定於 螺栓本體（2b )而鎖緊。槪略地顯示該墊片（5 )之縮徑 狀態的圖面爲第4圖A及第4圖B。在第4圖A及第4 圖B中如二點虛線所示，墊片（5 )是在變形成略蛋型的 狀態下形成縮徑，而內徑變形縮小的部分則局部性地按壓 固定於螺栓。 此外，墊片（5 )之筒狀部（5 b )的內部形狀並非一 定要是圓形不可，舉例來說，如第5圖所示’墊片（50) 之筒狀部（5 0 b )的形狀可以是剖面三角形、或者如第7 圖所示的剖面五角形等非圓形剖面。在第5圖A所示之 剖面三角形的場合中，如第6圖A所不地形成：使裂縫 (5 0 e )變窄，並使三角形的三個邊朝三角形的中心收縮 ，而從三個方向按壓固定於螺栓（2)。而在採用該三角 形剖面的場合中，爲了提高縮徑時狹部（5〇f)的彎折強 度’最好如第5圖B、第6圖B所不地將其端部形狀形成 -10- 200916667 圓弧狀。 此外，在第7圖所示之剖面五角形的場合中，如第8 圖所示，使裂縫（5 1 e )變窄，並使五角形的五個邊朝該 五角形的中心收縮，而從五個方向按壓固定於螺栓（2) 後鎖緊。上述的第5圖或第7圖所示的形狀僅是單純的範 例’本發明並不侷限於三角形、五角形，而可以形成所期 望的非圓形剖面形狀。舉例來說’可形成如第9、1 〇圖所 示的四角形、或如第1 1、1 2圖所示的六角形、或者可形 成其他的多角形狀、橢圓形狀。換言之，在第9、1〇圖中 ’墊片（52)之筒狀部（52b)的內周面是形成四角形， 在第11、12圖中，墊片（53)之筒狀部（53b)的內周面 則形成六角形。而其他的部分，實質上是與上述的構造相 同。 第13〜15圖是更進一步顯示其他的變形例，筒狀部 (500b) 、 （500b)是透過凸緣部（500a)而在墊片（ 5 00 )形成軸方向對稱，分別將螺帽（1 )插入固定於該二 個筒狀部（500b )，執行筒狀部的縮徑，可更穩固地將筒 狀部內周面按壓固定於螺栓（2)。裂縫（ 500e)是形成 :從上部的筒狀部越過凸緣部而連接至下部的筒狀部爲止 ，藉由裂縫可使墊片形成在軸方向上分開的狀態。除了以 外的其他個點，實質上與前述第1〜1 2圖所示的構造相同 〇 第16〜18圖是顯示墊片的變形例，在筒狀部內面實 施有用來防止轉動的加工。第1 6圖所示的物品，是在圓 -11 - 200916667 筒部內面形成方向與螺栓（2 )之公螺紋（2b )相反的逆 螺紋（61 )。藉由該逆螺紋（61 )的存在，當利用螺帽（ 1 )的鎖緊而形成縮徑之際，逆螺紋（6 1 )將局部性地咬 入螺栓（2 )的公螺紋（2b )，進而抑制墊片的旋轉，可 防止因振動等所導致的螺帽滑落。再者，所形成的逆螺紋 (6 1 )，由於與公螺紋（2b )之間並無螺紋節距上的關係 因此兩者並不一致，而可形成與公螺紋（2b)相同、或不 同的節距，因此可採用所期望的節距。 第17圖所示的內容是另一種變形例，是在圓筒部內 面形成有正螺紋（62)，該正螺紋（62)是在與螺栓（2 )之公螺紋（2 b )相同的方向上，且螺紋節距與公螺紋（ 2b)不同。舉例來說，當螺栓的公螺紋爲1.75mm節距的 右螺紋時，正螺紋（6 2 )則形成1 . 5 mm節距的右螺紋。 如此一來兩螺紋將不會形成一致，當墊片縮徑時，公螺紋 (2b )與正螺紋（62 )間形成局部的嚙合，而可抑制旋轉 。而正螺紋（62 )的螺紋節距並不侷限於此，只要是 2 m m、1 . 8 m m等不同於螺栓之公螺紋的節距者均可。 第18圖所示的內容是另外一種的變形例，是在圚筒 部內面形成剖面呈梯型的縱溝（63 )。當利用的螺帽（1 )的鎖緊形成縮徑之際，縱溝（63 )是縱直地咬入螺栓（ 2 )的公螺紋（2b )，而強力地抑制墊片的旋轉。與形成 前述逆螺紋（61)、正螺紋（62)者相同，由於圓筒部的 內徑是設成略大於螺栓的外徑，因此即使存在有縱溝（63 )，也不會對螺栓的插入固定造成妨礙。而內面形狀並不 -12- 200916667 侷限於前述的梯型，也可以是矩形、波浪形等的形狀。 包含不具前述溝的墊片，所有墊片之圓筒部的內徑是 設計成略大於螺栓的外徑。換言之’當螺栓的直徑爲 1 1 .8mm時，圓筒部的內徑則爲12mm，而確保0.2mm的 間隙。如此一來，即使存在著逆螺紋（6 1 )、正螺紋（6 2 )及縱溝（63) ’也不會對螺栓的公螺紋（2b)造成妨礙 ，可形成簡單地插入固定。 【圖式簡單說明】 第1圖：是顯示將本實施態樣的防鬆螺帽鎖緊於螺栓 ，而固定於被鎖緊體之狀態的剖面圖。 第2圖：是顯示第1圖的防鬆螺帽中之螺帽構造的局 部剖面立體圖。 第3圖：是顯示第1圖的防鬆螺帽中之墊片構造的局 部剖面立體圖。 第4圖A :是槪略地顯示利用螺帽的鎖緊使墊片變形 時墊片之其中一端面的俯視示意圖。 第4圖B:爲第4圖A的局部放大圖。 第5圖：爲顯示墊片的一種變形例的局部剖面立體圖 〇 第6圖：爲槪略地顯示第5圖之墊片的鎖緊狀態圖。 第7圖：爲顯示墊片之另一種變形例的局部剖面立體 圖。 第8圖：爲槪略地顯示第7圖之墊片的鎖緊狀態的圖 -13- 200916667 第9圖： 體圖。 爲顯示墊片之另外一種變形例的局部剖面立 第10圖 :爲槪略地顯示第9圖之墊片的鎖緊狀態圖 第11圖 立體圖。 :爲顯示墊片的另外一種變形例的局部剖面 第12圖 :爲槪略地顯示第1 1圖之墊片的鎖緊狀態圖 第1 3圖：是顯示將另一種變形例的墊片與螺帽組合 後，鎖緊於螺栓並固定於被鎖緊體之狀態的剖面圖。 第14圖 :爲第1 3圖之螺帽的局部剖面立體圖。 第15圖 :爲第13圖之墊片的局部剖面圖。 第16圖 之範例的圖。 :是顯示在墊片的圓筒部內面形成有逆螺紋 第17圖 之範例的圖。 :是顯示在墊片的圓筒部內面形成有正螺紋 第1 8圖 範例的圖。 :是顯示在墊片的圓筒部內面形成有縱溝之 【主要元件符號說明】 1 :防鬆螺帽 1 a :母螺紋 1 b :母螺紋部 -14- 200916667 1 c :筒狀部 2 :螺栓 2 a :頭部 2 b :公螺紋 2c :公螺紋部 2 d :螺栓本體 2e :圓柱部 3 :被鎖緊體 5 :墊片 5 a :凸緣部 5b :筒狀部 5 c :頂部 5 d :下端部 5e :裂縫 5 f :基端部 50 :墊片 5 0 a :凸緣部 5 0 b :筒狀部 5 0 c :頂部 50d :下端部 5 0 e :裂縫 5 0 f :狹部 51 :墊片 5 1 a :凸緣部 -15 200916667 5 1 b :筒狀部 5 1 c :頂部 5 1 d :下端部 5 1 e :裂縫 52 :墊片 52a :凸緣部 52b :筒狀部 52c :頂部 52d :下端部 52e :裂縫 53 :墊片 5 3 a :凸緣部 5 3 b :筒狀部 5 3 c :頂部 5 3 d :下端部 5 3 e :裂縫 5 00 :墊片 5 0 0 a :凸緣部 5 0 0 b :筒狀部 5 0 0 e :裂縫 6 1 :逆螺紋 6 2 :正螺紋 63 :縱溝 -16-BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a nut for screwing a bolt and locking an object, and more particularly to a lock nut for preventing loosening of a thread. [Prior Art] Conventionally, a fixing means for locking and fixing an object by using a bolt having a male thread and a nut having a female thread that can be screwed to the screw thread has been widely known and widely used. For a variety of uses, areas. Although the bolt and the nut are screwed by the male thread and the female thread to perform the locking, the locking effect may be slack due to the vibration, rotation, punching, etc. acting on the bolt or the nut. The looseness of the thread will cause the fixed state of the object to become unstable, and sometimes it will cause a major accident. Therefore, in order to prevent the looseness of the thread, various methods and configurations have been conventionally disclosed. The thread is formed by displacement of the bolt and the nut in opposite directions of the axial direction by the stress from the locking portion, so that the thread groove disappears, and the male thread and the thread top of the female thread form an abutment in the axial direction. The retention of the locking force and the maintenance of the fixed state are achieved. The thread's anti-loosening is usually used to prevent the reversal of the thread by means of preventing the reversal of the male thread and the female thread in the axial direction, such as a lock nut or a spring washer. However, in the thread reversal preventing means such as the above-described conventional lock nut or spring washer, the reversing prevention means is used to keep the male thread and the female thread close to one side in the axial direction to maintain a close adhesion to the thread. The state of the top, -4- 200916667 On the opposite side of the close-attach side, the gap between the male thread and the female thread becomes larger, and the thread groove does not disappear, so it may be formed by the impact or vibration. The result of the close attachment state is easily eliminated, and the looseness of the thread cannot be sufficiently prevented. Therefore, Patent Documents 1 and 2 disclose a technique in which the thread groove is eliminated and the thread is reversed by deforming the local portion of the nut and abutting against the bolt. The technique disclosed in Patent Document 1 is: a double nut formed by a fixing nut and a lock nut, and a locking cylinder integrally formed with a tapered surface on the outer peripheral surface of the fixing nut, in the locking cylinder The body forms a plurality of cracks, and the locking nut presses the tapered surface to cause deformation of the locking cylinder. The technique disclosed in Patent Document 2 is that the protrusions that deform between the seating surfaces of the nut are integrally formed on the body. The nut inserts the protrusion into the thread groove of the nut and the bolt and forms a wedge shape to deform, thereby preventing the nut from being slack. However, in the configuration in which the above-described nut is partially deformed, since the roots of the locking cylinder and the projection are integrally formed with the nut, when the deformation is made, only the front end portion is inclined and the male thread and the female thread are made smaller. The area forms a contact, and there is a problem that the desired sufficient anti-loosening effect cannot be obtained. In addition, since it is difficult to release the fixing caused by the deformed locking cylinder or projection, there is a problem that a special jig is required. Not only that, but in the case of a long time fixed, it is feared that the fixed point cannot be lifted. In particular, the formation of the protrusions is difficult to manufacture by a mass production method such as a forging method, and is a structure for manufacturing a nut which is not suitable for mass production of articles [Patent Document 1] Japan Shikai Show 5 5- 1 1 5422 [Patent Document 2] Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. Hei 10-61645 No. 200916667 [Problem to be Solved by the Invention] The present invention provides a method of preventing looseness between caps and being applicable to a large cap. [Means for Solving the Problem] The present invention is a lock nut, which is characterized in that it is screwed to a bolt and then locked; and a gasket, between the bolts, the gasket has a bolt formed in the axial direction thereof The nut and the spacer extending at one end are formed by the abutment between the conical cone of the head and the conical cone of the head, and the gasket is pressed and fixed to the bolt, and the nut has a female thread portion. a female thread of a male thread of a female screw; and a female thread portion of the cylindrical portion, the gasket having a flange portion extending in a direction of the axis; and a cylindrical portion erected in a cylindrical shape and a cylindrical shape The conical surface of the portion, the conical surface of the conical shape is gradually reduced in diameter toward the front end, and the outer diameter of the conical surface of the cylindrical portion of the nut is formed, and the crack is formed in the gasket, and the bolt is inserted through the mat. A tampon-resistant snail that is strong in material and has a bolt-and-screw production structure: a nut that is interposed between the nut and the inserted cylindrical insertion portion and has a crack to the other end Abutting against the surface, and the nut is locked by the lock when the lock is applied, thereby causing the pad to further Achieve the anti-looseness of the nut. The rib portion is formed to be screwed to, and the tubular portion is connected to the flange portion so as to be perpendicular to the bolt tubular portion, and the flange portion is formed from the flange portion toward the outer peripheral surface to form a flange portion as a root portion. The inner diameter is formed such that one end of the spacer extends to the other end and is screwed to the bolt in a state in which the cylindrical portion of the nut is inserted into the tubular portion of the -6-200916667 gasket, by the taper surface and the snail of the gasket The abutment between the cylindrical portions of the cap reduces the diameter of the gasket and presses and fixes the inner surface of the cylindrical portion of the gasket to the bolt and locks. Between the flange portion and the tapered surface of the tubular portion, there is a non-tapered base end portion that is parallel to the bolt axial direction and rises from the flange portion, and when the nut is locked, the cylindrical portion of the nut is made When the nut is abutted against the non-tapered base end portion and is engaged, as long as the nut abuts against the non-tapered base end portion, the nut is not slackened, and the safety against loosening can be improved. The inner diameter of the cylindrical portion of the gasket may be a circular cross section or any one of a non-circular cross section such as a triangle, a quadrangle, a pentagon or a hexagon. Furthermore, the conical tubular portion of the head may be axially symmetrical with respect to the flange portion. In this case, the tubular portions of both of the cylinders are respectively engageable with the cylindrical portion of the nut to urge the gasket to be reduced in diameter. Further, the inner surface of the cylindrical portion of the gasket may be formed by a thread having a direction opposite to the direction of the bolt, or a thread having a pitch which is different from a thread pitch of the bolt, or a longitudinal groove formed in the axial direction to suppress The rotation of the gasket. [Effects of the Invention] According to the anti-loose nut of the present invention, as shown in the first embodiment, in the vibration test conforming to the specifications of the United States aircraft, a remarkable effect of the vibration resistance of 17 minutes or more can be obtained, and the slack can be surely prevented. It has the effect of maintaining a strong locking state for a long time. The lock nut of the present invention has a simple structure, can suppress the manufacturing cost to a very low cost, and has an effect that it can be applied to mass production. -7- 200916667 [Embodiment] Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which the lock nut (1) of the present embodiment is locked to the bolt (2) and the locked body (3) is fixed. Fig. 2 is a partial cross-sectional perspective view showing the structure of the locknut (1) in Fig. 1 and Fig. 3 is a partial cross-sectional view showing the structure of the spacer of the lock nut (1) in Fig. 1. Stereo picture. Fig. 4A is a schematic view showing a state in which the spacer (5) is deformed by the locking of the nut (1), and Fig. 4B is a partially enlarged view of Fig. 4A. Fig. 5 is a partial cross-sectional perspective view showing a modification of one of the spacers (5), and Fig. 6 is a view schematically showing the locked state of the spacer (5) in Fig. 5. Fig. 7 is a partial cross-sectional perspective view showing another modification of the spacer (5), and Fig. 8 is a view schematically showing the locking state of the spacer (5) in Fig. 7, as shown in Fig. 1. The anti-loose nut of the present embodiment has a nut (1) that is screwed to the bolt (2) and a pad interposed between the nut (1) and the bolt (2). The sheet (5), when the nut (1) is locked, is caused by the locking of the nut (1) to reduce the diameter of the spacer (5) by the pad The sheet (5) is firmly abutted with the bolt (2) to obtain a loosening effect. As shown in Fig. 2, the nut (1) of the present embodiment has a female thread portion (1b) formed with a male thread for screwing to the screw test (2). (2b) female thread (丨a); and cylindrical tubular portion (1c) 'The cylindrical tubular portion (ic) is connected to the female thread (-8-200916667 1 a ). The shape of the nut (1) is of course not limited to a straight shape. A conventionally known nut profile can be employed. As shown in Fig. 3, the gasket (5) of the present embodiment has a disk-shaped flange portion (5a) extending in a direction perpendicular to the axial direction of the bolt; The cylindrical portion (5b) is formed in a cylindrical shape from the flange portion (5a) along the bolt axis, and the outer peripheral surface of the tubular portion (5b) is formed to be narrowed from the flange toward the outside. The conical cone of the head. The cylindrical portion (the maximum outer diameter of the top portion (5c) is smaller than the inner diameter of the cylindrical portion of the nut (1), and the maximum outer diameter of the cylindrical portion (5b) of the gasket (5) is the nut (1) The inner diameter of the cylindrical portion (1 c ) can be reduced by the nut-wedge effect of the nut. In order to form the reduced diameter, the pad is less formed: from one end of the spacer (5) to the other end Crack (5e). The tubular portion (5b) having the tapered outer sheet (5) rising from the flange portion (5a), preferably in the direction of the flange portion (having: parallel to the axis of the bolt and slightly The erected non-tapered cylindrical base end portion (5f) abuts against the base end portion on the inner circumferential surface of the tubular portion (1c) when the nut (1) is locked (5) f), and the anti-loose can be achieved more reliably. The anti-loose nut (1) of the present invention can be screwed to the conventional bolt (2), but the bolt (2) in this embodiment is hexagonal. The head of the column (2 a ) (the head is required in the case of a countersunk bolt or the like); and the bolt body ( 2b ) formed with a male thread. (3 ) is a through hole through which the bolt body ( 2b ) can pass Corner column, there is: flat (5a) is (5b) To the upright portion (5a) 5b), the formation of (lc) is larger than the pad 5a) of the circumferential surface cut into the Γ (5) shape with a tapered surface, that is, the cap (1) and the like Generally: if it is slightly, it does not need to be locked (3a) (refer to Figure 1 for 200916667). When the loose nut (1) of the present embodiment is locked to the bolt (2), the locked body (3) is inserted into the head (2 a ) of the bolt ( 2 ) and the flange The gasket (5) is penetrated between the portions (5a), and thereafter, the tubular portion (1c) of the nut (1) is inserted into the cylindrical portion (5b) of the gasket (5) and one side Screwed into the bolt (2). By the screwing (locking) of the nut (1), the tubular portion (lc) of the nut (1) is engaged with the tapered tubular portion (5b) of the spacer (5), and is utilized. The wedge-shaped effect along the tapered surface is as shown in Fig. 4, and the spacer (5) is deformed and the inner circumference of the cylindrical portion (5b) of the spacer (5) is formed by the deformation of the spacer (5). The surface is locally pressed and fixed to the bolt body (2b) to be locked. The drawing showing the reduced diameter state of the spacer (5) is shown in Fig. 4A and Fig. 4B. In Fig. 4A and Fig. 4B, as shown by the two-dot chain line, the spacer (5) is formed to have a reduced diameter in a state in which a slightly egg shape is formed, and a portion in which the inner diameter is reduced in deformation is locally pressed and fixed. For bolts. Further, the inner shape of the cylindrical portion (5b) of the spacer (5) is not necessarily circular, and for example, as shown in Fig. 5, the cylindrical portion (50b) of the spacer (50) The shape may be a cross-sectional triangle or a non-circular cross-section such as a cross-sectional pentagon as shown in FIG. In the case of the cross-sectional triangle shown in Fig. 5A, as shown in Fig. 6A, the crack (5 0 e ) is narrowed, and the three sides of the triangle are contracted toward the center of the triangle, and from the third The direction is pressed and fixed to the bolt (2). In the case where the triangular cross section is employed, in order to increase the bending strength of the narrow portion (5〇f) when the diameter is reduced, it is preferable to form the end shape thereof as shown in Figs. 5B and 6B. - 200916667 Arc shape. Further, in the case of the cross-sectional pentagon shown in Fig. 7, as shown in Fig. 8, the crack (5 1 e ) is narrowed, and the five sides of the pentagon are shrunk toward the center of the pentagon, and from five The direction pressing is fixed to the bolt (2) and locked. The shape shown in Fig. 5 or Fig. 7 described above is merely a simple example. The present invention is not limited to a triangle or a pentagon, and can form a desired non-circular cross-sectional shape. For example, a square shape as shown in Figs. 9 and 1 or a hexagon as shown in Figs. 1 and 1 2 may be formed, or another polygonal shape or elliptical shape may be formed. In other words, in the ninth and first drawings, the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical portion (52b) of the spacer (52) is formed in a quadrangular shape, and in the eleventh and twelfth drawings, the cylindrical portion (53b) of the spacer (53) is formed. The inner peripheral surface of the ) forms a hexagon. The other parts are essentially the same as the above. Figs. 13 to 15 show further modifications. The tubular portions (500b) and (500b) are symmetrical through the flange portion (500a) in the axial direction of the spacer (500), and the nuts are respectively 1) Inserting and fixing to the two cylindrical portions (500b), the diameter of the tubular portion is reduced, and the inner peripheral surface of the tubular portion can be more firmly pressed and fixed to the bolt (2). The crack (500e) is formed so that the gasket can be formed in a state of being separated in the axial direction by the slit from the upper tubular portion to the lower tubular portion beyond the flange portion. Other than the other points, the structure is substantially the same as that shown in the above-mentioned first to first embodiments. Figs. 16 to 18 are diagrams showing a modification of the spacer, and processing for preventing rotation is performed on the inner surface of the tubular portion. The article shown in Fig. 6 is a reverse thread (61) opposite to the male thread (2b) of the bolt (2) in the direction in which the inner surface of the cylinder is formed in the circle -11 - 200916667. With the presence of the reverse thread (61), the counter thread (6 1 ) will partially bite into the male thread (2b) of the bolt (2) when the diameter is reduced by the locking of the nut (1). Further, the rotation of the spacer is suppressed, and the nut can be prevented from slipping due to vibration or the like. Furthermore, the reverse thread (6 1 ) formed has no thread pitch relationship with the male thread (2b), so the two are not identical, and can be formed the same as or different from the male thread (2b). Pitch, so the desired pitch can be used. The content shown in Fig. 17 is another modification in which a normal thread (62) is formed on the inner surface of the cylindrical portion, and the positive thread (62) is in the same direction as the male thread (2b) of the bolt (2). Upper, and the thread pitch is different from the male thread (2b). For example, when the male thread of the bolt is a right thread with a pitch of 1.75 mm, the positive thread (6 2 ) forms a right thread of 1.5 mm pitch. As a result, the two threads will not be aligned. When the gasket is reduced in diameter, the male thread (2b) and the positive thread (62) form a partial engagement, which can suppress the rotation. The thread pitch of the positive thread (62) is not limited thereto, and may be any pitch different from the male thread of the bolt as long as it is 2 m m or 1.8 m. The content shown in Fig. 18 is another modification in which a vertical groove (63) having a trapezoidal cross section is formed on the inner surface of the cylindrical portion. When the used nut (1) is locked to form a reduced diameter, the longitudinal groove (63) bites the male screw (2b) of the bolt (2) vertically, and strongly suppresses the rotation of the spacer. As with the reverse thread (61) and the normal thread (62), since the inner diameter of the cylindrical portion is set to be slightly larger than the outer diameter of the bolt, even if there is a longitudinal groove (63), the bolt is not Insertion fixation is a hindrance. The inner shape is not limited to -12-200916667. It is limited to the above-described ladder shape, and may be a shape such as a rectangle or a wave. Containing a gasket that does not have the aforementioned grooves, the inner diameter of the cylindrical portion of all the gaskets is designed to be slightly larger than the outer diameter of the bolt. In other words, when the diameter of the bolt is 1 1.8 mm, the inner diameter of the cylindrical portion is 12 mm, and a gap of 0.2 mm is ensured. In this way, even if the reverse thread (6 1 ), the normal thread (62), and the longitudinal groove (63)' do not interfere with the male thread (2b) of the bolt, it can be easily inserted and fixed. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which a lock nut of the present embodiment is locked to a bolt and fixed to a locked body. Fig. 2 is a perspective view showing a partial cross section showing the nut structure of the lock nut of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a perspective view showing a partial cross section of the gasket structure in the lock nut of Fig. 1. Fig. 4A is a schematic plan view showing one end surface of the gasket when the gasket is deformed by the locking of the nut. Fig. 4B is a partial enlarged view of Fig. 4A. Fig. 5 is a partial cross-sectional perspective view showing a modification of the spacer 〇 Fig. 6 is a view showing a state of locking of the spacer of Fig. 5 in abbreviated manner. Fig. 7 is a partial cross-sectional perspective view showing another modification of the spacer. Figure 8: A diagram showing the locking state of the gasket of Figure 7 -13-200916667 Figure 9: Volume diagram. Fig. 11 is a partial cross-sectional view showing another modification of the spacer. Fig. 11 is a perspective view showing the locking state of the spacer of Fig. 9. : is a partial cross-section of another modification of the display spacer. FIG. 12 is a view showing a locking state of the spacer of the first embodiment. FIG. 13 is a view showing a spacer of another modification. After the nut is assembled, a sectional view is obtained in which the bolt is locked and fixed to the locked body. Figure 14 is a partial cross-sectional perspective view of the nut of Figure 13. Figure 15 is a partial cross-sectional view of the gasket of Figure 13. Figure of an example of Figure 16. : is a view showing an example in which a reverse thread is formed on the inner surface of the cylindrical portion of the gasket. : It is a diagram showing an example in which a normal thread is formed on the inner surface of the cylindrical portion of the gasket. : It is shown that the longitudinal groove is formed on the inner surface of the cylindrical portion of the gasket. [Main component symbol description] 1 : Lock nut 1 a : Female thread 1 b : Female thread portion - 14 - 200916667 1 c : Cylindrical portion 2 : bolt 2 a : head 2 b : male thread 2c : male thread portion 2 d : bolt body 2e : cylindrical portion 3 : locked body 5 : spacer 5 a : flange portion 5b : cylindrical portion 5 c : Top 5 d : lower end 5e : crack 5 f : base end 50 : spacer 5 0 a : flange portion 5 0 b : cylindrical portion 5 0 c : top 50d : lower end portion 5 0 e : crack 5 0 f : narrow portion 51 : spacer 5 1 a : flange portion -15 200916667 5 1 b : cylindrical portion 5 1 c : top portion 5 1 d : lower end portion 5 1 e : crack 52 : spacer 52 a : flange portion 52 b : cylindrical portion 52c : top portion 52d : lower end portion 52e : slit 53 : spacer 5 3 a : flange portion 5 3 b : cylindrical portion 5 3 c : top portion 5 3 d : lower end portion 5 3 e : crack 5 00 : spacer 5 0 0 a : flange portion 5 0 0 b : cylindrical portion 5 0 0 e : crack 6 1 : reverse thread 6 2 : positive thread 63 : longitudinal groove - 16-