200913458 九、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係關於-種無感測器換相電路，尤指—種應用 於南速無刷馬達之無感測器換相電路，能避免在益使 測器情況下採用相位補償電路，使得整體電路更形精簡 【先前技術】 目月’j應用在無刷馬達的換相電路概分為感應式及非感 應式’其中感應式係主要於馬達驅動電路中使用三顆霍爾 感測器’該霍爾感測器係檢測馬達線圈換相時的電磁變 化’進而將檢測信號予以輸出至馬達驅動Ic，供馬達驅 動I c依照換相信號’而提供電流予下—個線圈，令馬達 能^利運轉。種非感應式換相電路即是不採用霍爾感 測态，错由抓取馬達三相線圈的端電壓及反電動勢的變 化’配合相關電路的設計，取得三相線圈的換相信號，意 即，藉由取得反電動勢的信號，取代霍爾感測訊號；特別 是在感測到反電動勢與中性點相交處，使用零交越點來债 測出馬達轉子的區間位置，纟中只要零交越點之相位只要 延遲30度，即為有效的換相信號。 清參閱第五圖所示，係為目前常見的非感應式換相電 路，其包含有： 三比較器’（5 1 a〜5 1 C ); ^三組三級濾波電路（可不標號），各組三級濾波電路 仏包3有刀壓暨切換頻率濾波電路（5 2 a〜5 2 c )、 200913458 -直流遽波器（53a〜53c)及一移相電路（“a 5 4c) 其中二組分壓暨切換頻率濾波電路（5 2 a 〜5 2 c )分別連接至三相馬達線圈的端電壓，而三組移 相濾、波a ( 5 4 a〜5 4 c )的輸出端則連接至對應比較 器（51a〜5lc)的正輸入端；及 一中性點電壓產生電路（5 5 )，係提供一固定電壓， 作為中性點電壓之用，係共同連接至該比較器（5丄a ) 〜（51c)的負輸入端。 上述換相電路需取得三相線圈的端電壓，並且產生一 中性點電壓，*中該中性點電壓並非馬達本體標準的輸入 輸出介面’因此必需要另外經過處理才能取得，至於線圈 端電壓要配合中性點電壓換算出換相脈波信號前，由於線 圈端電壓信號包含有脈寬調變信號，所以為消除該脈寬調 變信號對於換相信號的影響而降低信號誤差，需分別經過 三道濾波器，將其濾除後再輸入至比較器，以與中性點電 壓進行換相信號的比較。然而，也因為採用了三級濾波器， 而使得估測出的換相脈波信號易受到馬達轉速的影響，而 且由於該中性點電壓為固定電壓’故僅能應用低轉速比的 無刷馬達上，較適合固定轉速的無刷馬達使用。 有鑑於此申請人於年月曰提出申請第94146452號「三 相無刷直流馬達之無感測H換相電路及三相換相信號㈣ 方法」發明專利申請案，本發明申請案係主要包含有三組 分別連接至三相線圈之端電壓的低通濾波器（3 〇 a〜3 〇c) ’以及三個比較器（3la〜3lc);其中各比 200913458 較器（3la~Qi 、/ 哭 ）係包含有正、負輪入端，各比較 二輪入端係連接至對應的低通漶波器（3 〇 a〜3 ◦ 而負輸入端則分別與相鄰低通濾波器（3 〇 a H έΒ端連接。由於馬達驅動電路係順序驅動三相線 圈的動電流需與反電動勢保制相位，因此相鄰線 π — 差12〇度相位差的特徵，故令各比較 一、/于—相線圈中的特定兩相鄰線圈的平均端電壓，進 二比=’即可取得一落後反電動勢30度相位的脈波信 ^ ’作為有效檢知馬達實際轉動的換相信號。是以，此一 :明申請案相較於既有換相電路完全省去"生點電屢的產 干電路，並㈣要—組低通錢器，對於馬達轉速對換相 -电路的影響可大幅減低。 准申㈤人經幾番試驗後發現，上述發明申請案應用 t微感量及低反電動勢常數之高速永磁無刷馬達上會有缺 由於馬達驅動電路係依換相順序邏輯驅動三相線圈， 並採脈波寬度調變機制以實現馬達調速，然而，上述無感 測器驅動之換相估測電路為了因應脈波寬度調變於端電壓 所產生的雜訊’需採用三組分別連接至三相線圈的低通渡 波器’導致馬達換相信號受操作轉速影響而發生相位落 後，特別於南速化之文石坊Αι Ειϊ m ^ …刷馬達上，該濾波器設計所衍 生的問題更是突顯’不但導致類比元件選配不易，且限制 馬達的轉速比，因此必須配合使用相位補償電路。再者， 以反電動勢為基礎之無感測器換相信號檢測法，需以開迴 路啟動機制啟動至可估測換相信號之門檻轉速，但由於開 200913458 迴路啟動受轉矩角效應影響，而使切換至閉迴路換相瞬間 參數調整不易’有待進一步修正。 【發明内容】 本發明的主要發明目的係提供一種應用於高速無刷馬 達之無感測器換相電路，而不需增加相位補償電路， 電路更形精簡。 欲達上述目的所使用的主要技術手段係令該無感 換相電路包含有： 组分塵器，係分別連接至三相線圈的對應端電壓， 以取得各線圈的端電壓；及 =較器，各比較器係包含有正、負輸入端，各比較 了的輸入端係連接至對應的分壓器，而負輪入端則分別 與相鄰分壓器輸出端連接。 由於尚速永磁無刷馬遠传以^ 氣* 脈寬調變信號進行轉速駆 動時，其三相線圈的端電壓 ^ 壓，利用線對線反電動勢落後==變截止瞬間為開路電 特性，故令各比較器取得三相 電氣角之 端電壓進行比較，因此各比較器會輸出=線圈的 交越點30度電氣角之脈波信號 電動勢零 檢知馬達實際轉動的換相信號。 用此—脈波信號作 【實施方式】 首先請參閱第一圖所示争 糸為本發明無感測器換相屬 200913458 路（1 ο)的-較佳實施例，其包含有： 三組分壓器（i i a ) -相線圈的對應端電壓（v:二：)c)，係分別連接至 電壓比例降低至比較…〜，以將各線圈的端 ffl A ^ R . ^ ^ ° 侍的範圍内；請配合參閱第二 圖A B ’係於馬達驅動電路輪ψ ςΛ 的脈寬調變信號下，二相位^ __(DUTYCYCLE) 波形變化；及 —Η的各線圈端電壓（Va、Vc) a)=L()l2a)〜（12…各比較器⑴ 2a)〜(12 V系包含有正、負輸入端，各比較器d ! a)〜（〇的正輸入端係連接至對應的分壓器（1 丄a )〜…C )，而負輸入端則分別與相鄰分壓器（i 輸出端連接。 由於馬達驅動電路係順序 圈的端電壓係包含有盥一、’、圈，因此相鄰線 性，而本發明即s / 差3 〇度電氣差的特 丰么明即疋藉由此一特性 〜（12c)係G罕乂态（12a) a) (Vc)、于二相線圈中的兩相鄰線圈的端電壓（7 取得-落後1;Γ3:α、β所示，進行比較後，即可 〇,如第二動勢30度電氣差的脈波信號dv / π弟—圖C所示。 請再配合第二圖D、 闱碭庳哭沉 所不’係为別為虛擬及直實雲 雨感應，檢知的脈寬信號，：實霍 脈波信號相位成 圚」夫本發明取得的 3、<與霍爾感應器感應出的波形相位相同。 疋X本發明係為一種非感應式 目前常用的換相電路不僅完全省去：相電路，相較於 1皇70王嚙去中性點電壓的產生電 7 200913458 路，對於處理一組端電壓亦僅只需要一組分壓器，相較之 下，本發明可成功地應用於低反電動勢常數、微感量之馬 達中，使無感測器驅動不因馬達體積輕薄化而受限，而且 因為不採取低通濾波器，可提升馬達操作於無感測器之轉 迷比，此外，因估測信號不發生相位落後現像，故無需再 進行相位補償，故無須相位補償電路；如此一來，本發明 ，路也能減少使用被動式類比元件，令整體電路更形精簡 I，有效地降低系統成本及體積。 【圖式簡單說明】 第一圖：係、本發明換相電路一較佳實施例的電路圖。 第二圖A、B :係本發明應用於高速永磁無刷馬達的 二相線圈端電壓波形圖。 第一圖C至E.係本發明一比較器的輸出波形與虛擬 及真實霍爾感應器所檢知的脈寬信號比較波形圖。 。係既有非感應式換相電路的電路圖。 第四圖係既有一非感應式換相電路的電路圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 (1 〇)無感測器換相電路200913458 IX. Description of the invention: [Technical field of the invention] The present invention relates to a non-sensor commutating circuit, in particular to a non-sensor commutating circuit applied to a south speed brushless motor, which can be avoided In the case of the use of the detector, the phase compensation circuit is used to make the overall circuit more compact. [Prior Art] The phase-changing circuit applied to the brushless motor is divided into inductive and non-inductive. Three Hall sensors are used in the motor drive circuit 'The Hall sensor detects the electromagnetic change when the motor coil is commutated' and then outputs the detection signal to the motor drive Ic for the motor drive I c according to the commutation signal. 'And provide current to the next coil, so that the motor can operate. The non-inductive commutation circuit does not use the Hall sense state, and the fault is caused by the change of the terminal voltage and the back electromotive force of the three-phase coil of the motor. The design of the relevant circuit is used to obtain the commutation signal of the three-phase coil. That is, by obtaining the signal of the counter electromotive force, instead of the Hall sensing signal; in particular, when the intersection of the counter electromotive force and the neutral point is sensed, the zero crossing point is used to measure the position of the motor rotor, as long as The phase of the zero crossing point is a valid commutation signal as long as it is delayed by 30 degrees. As shown in the fifth figure, it is a common non-inductive commutation circuit, which includes: three comparators (5 1 a~5 1 C ); ^ three sets of three-stage filter circuits (may not be labeled), Each group of three-stage filter circuit pack 3 has a knife voltage and switching frequency filter circuit (5 2 a~5 2 c ), 200913458 - DC chopper (53a~53c) and a phase shift circuit ("a 5 4c" The two-component voltage and switching frequency filter circuit (5 2 a ~ 5 2 c ) is respectively connected to the terminal voltage of the three-phase motor coil, and the three groups of phase-shifting filters, the output of the wave a ( 5 4 a~5 4 c ) And connected to the positive input terminal of the corresponding comparator (51a~5lc); and a neutral point voltage generating circuit (5 5) for providing a fixed voltage for the neutral point voltage, which is commonly connected to the comparator The negative input terminal of (5丄a)~(51c). The above-mentioned commutation circuit needs to obtain the terminal voltage of the three-phase coil and generate a neutral point voltage. The neutral point voltage is not the standard input and output interface of the motor body. 'Therefore, it must be processed separately to obtain it. As for the coil terminal voltage, it should be converted with the neutral point voltage. Before the pulse wave signal, since the voltage signal of the coil end includes the pulse width modulation signal, in order to eliminate the influence of the pulse width modulation signal on the commutation signal and reduce the signal error, it is filtered through three filters respectively. Then input to the comparator to compare the commutation signal with the neutral point voltage. However, because the third-stage filter is used, the estimated commutation pulse signal is susceptible to the motor speed, and Since the neutral point voltage is a fixed voltage, it can only be applied to a brushless motor with a low speed ratio, which is more suitable for a fixed speed brushless motor. In view of this applicant's application in the year of the month, application No. 94146452 Brushless DC motor non-sensing H commutation circuit and three-phase commutation signal (four) method" invention patent application, the application of the invention mainly comprises three sets of low-pass filters respectively connected to the terminal voltage of the three-phase coil ( 3 〇a~3 〇c) 'and three comparators (3la~3lc); each of which is more than 200913458 (3la~Qi, / crying) contains positive and negative wheel ends, each comparing two wheel end systems Connect to Corresponding low-pass choppers (3 〇a~3 ◦ and negative input terminals are connected to adjacent low-pass filters (3 〇a H έΒ terminals respectively). Since the motor drive circuit sequentially drives the three-phase coils, the dynamic current needs to be driven. The phase is protected from the counter electromotive force, so the adjacent line π - the difference of the phase difference of 12 〇 degrees, so that the average terminal voltage of each of the two adjacent coils in the comparison phase / / phase coil, into the ratio = ' A pulse wave signal of a phase of 30 degrees behind the back electromotive force can be obtained as a commutation signal for effectively detecting the actual rotation of the motor. Therefore, this application is completely omitted from the existing commutation circuit. The production of dry circuit is repeated, and (4) to set up a low-pass money machine, the impact on the motor speed on the commutation-circuit can be greatly reduced. After several trials, Zhun Shen (5) found that the above-mentioned invention application may have a lack of high-speed permanent magnet brushless motor with t micro-inductance and low back electromotive force constant. The motor drive circuit drives the three-phase coil according to the commutation sequence logic. And adopting the pulse width modulation mechanism to realize the motor speed regulation. However, the above-mentioned non-sensor-driven commutation estimation circuit uses three sets of noises in order to adjust the noise generated by the pulse width to the terminal voltage. The low-pass ferrite connected to the three-phase coil causes the motor commutation signal to be phase-laged by the operating speed, especially for the south-speed wenshifang Αι Ειϊ m ^ ... brush motor, which is derived from the filter design. The problem is that the 'not only makes the analog component selection difficult, but also limits the motor's speed ratio, so the phase compensation circuit must be used together. Furthermore, the sensorless commutation signal detection method based on the back electromotive force needs to start to the threshold voltage of the measurable commutation signal by the open loop start mechanism, but since the 200913458 loop start is affected by the torque angle effect, However, it is not easy to adjust the parameter adjustment to the closed circuit commutation moment to be further corrected. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The main object of the present invention is to provide a sensorless commutation circuit applied to a high speed brushless motor without increasing the phase compensation circuit, and the circuit is more compact. The main technical means used to achieve the above purpose is that the non-inductive commutation circuit includes: a component dust collector connected to a corresponding terminal voltage of the three-phase coil to obtain a terminal voltage of each coil; and a comparator Each comparator includes positive and negative input terminals, each of the compared input terminals is connected to a corresponding voltage divider, and the negative wheel input terminals are respectively connected to adjacent voltage divider output terminals. When the speed of the permanent magnet brushless horse is transmitted with the pulse width modulation signal, the voltage of the three-phase coil is controlled by the line-to-line back electromotive force == the cut-off instant is the open circuit characteristic. Therefore, each comparator obtains the terminal voltage of the three-phase electrical angle for comparison. Therefore, each comparator outputs a pulse signal of the electrical angle of 30 degrees of the crossover point of the coil, and the electromotive force zero detects the commutation signal of the actual rotation of the motor. Using the pulse signal as the first embodiment, please refer to the first figure for the non-sensor commutation of the present invention as a preferred embodiment of 200913458 (1 ο), which includes: three groups Voltage divider (iia) - the corresponding terminal voltage of the phase coil (v: two:) c), respectively connected to the voltage ratio is reduced to compare ... ~, to the end of each coil ffl A ^ R . ^ ^ ° In the range; please refer to the second figure AB' under the pulse width modulation signal of the motor drive circuit rim ,, the two phase ^ __ (DUTYCYCLE) waveform changes; and - Η each coil end voltage (Va, Vc) a)=L()l2a)~(12...each comparator (1) 2a)~(12 V system includes positive and negative input terminals, each comparator d ! a) ~ (〇 positive input terminal is connected to the corresponding The voltage divider (1 丄a )~...C ), and the negative input terminal are respectively connected to the adjacent voltage divider (i output terminal. Since the motor drive circuit is in the order of the terminal voltage, the terminal voltage system includes the first one, ', and the circle Therefore, the linearity is adjacent, and the present invention is the s/poor 3 电气 degree electrical difference of the TB mingming that is by this characteristic ~ (12c) is the G 乂 state (12a) a) (Vc) The terminal voltage of two adjacent coils in the two-phase coil (7 is obtained - behind 1; Γ3: α, β is shown, after comparison, it can be 〇, such as the second momentum 30 degree electrical difference pulse signal dv / π brother - as shown in Figure C. Please cooperate with the second picture D, 闱砀庳 沉 所 所 系 系 别 虚拟 虚拟 虚拟 虚拟 虚拟 虚拟 虚拟 虚拟 虚拟 虚拟 虚拟 虚拟 虚拟 虚拟 虚拟 虚拟 虚拟 虚拟 虚拟 虚拟 虚拟 虚拟 虚拟 虚拟 虚拟 虚拟 虚拟 虚拟 虚拟 虚拟 虚拟 虚拟According to the invention, the phase obtained by the invention is the same as that of the waveform induced by the Hall sensor. 疋X The present invention is a non-inductive type of conventionally used commutating circuit which not only completely eliminates: phase circuit, compared with In the case of the 1st King 70, the neutral point voltage is generated. In 200913458, only one component is required for processing a set of terminal voltages. In contrast, the present invention can be successfully applied to low back electromotive force constants. In the micro-sensing motor, the sensorless drive is not limited by the lightness and thinness of the motor, and since the low-pass filter is not used, the motor can be operated in the sensorless ratio of the sensor, and The measured signal does not have a phase backward image, so there is no need to perform phase compensation, so there is no The phase compensation circuit; in this way, the circuit can also reduce the use of passive analog components, so that the overall circuit is more compact and simplified, and effectively reduce the system cost and volume. [Simplified Schematic] FIG. Circuit diagram of a preferred embodiment of a commutation circuit. Second FIGURE A, B is a waveform diagram of a two-phase coil terminal voltage applied to a high-speed permanent magnet brushless motor. The first figure C to E. is a comparison of the present invention. The output waveform of the device is compared with the pulse width signal detected by the virtual and real Hall sensors. It is a circuit diagram of the non-inductive commutation circuit. The fourth diagram is a circuit diagram of a non-inductive commutation circuit. . [Main component symbol description] (1 〇) No sensor commutation circuit
(30a)(31a) 11c)分壓器 1 2 c )比較器 3 0 c )低通濾波器 31c)比較器 200913458 (5 0 )非感應式換相電路 (51a)〜（51 c)比較器 (52a)〜（52c)分壓暨切換頻率濾波電路 (5 3 a )〜（5 3 c )直流遽波器 (54a)〜（54c)移相電路 (5 5 )中性點電壓產生電路 9(30a) (31a) 11c) Voltage divider 1 2 c ) Comparator 3 0 c) Low pass filter 31c) Comparator 200913458 (5 0 ) Non-inductive commutation circuit (51a) ~ (51 c) comparator (52a) ~ (52c) partial voltage and switching frequency filter circuit (5 3 a ) ~ (5 3 c ) DC chopper (54a) ~ (54c) phase shift circuit (5 5) neutral point voltage generating circuit 9