200906522 九、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術讀域】 μ=發明涉及尽種製造具有表面堅硬層的流體室的機朽 的機械設備。 、有根據該方法製造的所述機械殼體 【先前技術】 e 活矣在，械°又備中’例如：泉及内燃機等’其流體室中的 室白U 及其它一些插入物處於運動狀態，流體 知的方、去摩擦產生物質磨損。因此，我們熟 一M^疋版-至的内壁製造一個堅硬層，例如：黏合 層防磨損的究質層，典型的如金剛砂。 個必i 了使"IL體至具有與插入物完全吻合的幾何輪廟，一 呈有，v驟就是打磨製成的流體室。但是，由於金剛石少 "有，的硬度，這個步驟 人力和財力的。 L發明内容】 本發明的目的是描彳址— 3易的機械設備’以及：：：：=述加工過程變得更 法。 ，械《的製造方 上述機械殼體製谇古、本 :::身不導電，而==ΐ:，製造其堅硬層的 由放電加工方式（丽）進 t其導電。該堅硬層 通過使堅硬層具有可導電性，二。 寻可行。這樣，理想的輪；用敌電加工的加工 有叫度和實現高自動化。邱汀由電蝕法獲得，且具 為了實現放電加工，可使用 又所熟知的電蝕法，如 200906522 2割放電加工（WlreEDM)，雕模放電加工（diesinking Μ):如此一來’這些已知加工方式的優點也可以被應用 的^中。尤其是’電輕線料機械殼體間自動移動 被熟知。因此，可以實現大規模化及自 方法斟卫件t $彳’得益於絲過程的靈活性，這個 方去對於流體f的幾何形狀幾乎沒有限制。 —種適宜用做導雷敗 1 ,. 、 堅更層的材料是例如由德國 1C ’SdlUnk Ingenieurtechnik 公司提供的金剛砂。 電的：據本f明的機械設備’其特點是該堅硬層是由可導 晃的金剛砂製成。 為了實現電火花力Π JT ^ -Γ -¾. Φ 工，该可導電的堅硬層必須可通 :單二電的则，在機械殼體的内壁黏上 成殼體_，料通可通過直接通 屬機餘料部的終料f 項可以通過使機械殼體上的 ㈣ 【實施方式】 m π接線失it電加以實現。 ^ 的是剖出一半的機械殼㈣，例如螺杆 泉和螺杆壓縮機中的機械殼體。 機械殼體10是由兩個互補的半 製成，這兩個半殼組成—個完整的機;^ 機械殼體10中，流體= 了其中—個半殼。在 清楚的顯示，繼心和中有更為 成，疋由三個重疊的圓形組 ^中相對於另外兩個具有更大的直徑。在一 疋的螺祕中，其流體室容納三個相互平行的螺杆，這些 6 200906522 螺杆相互嚙合，且螺杆的外周長各自配合於上述三個圓形 橫截面。 在第三圖所示的橫截面中，流體室14的内壁是堅硬 層16。比如：該堅硬層可由兩個互補的殼體18、20組成， 這些殼體由導電金剛砂製成（如：德國Willich，Schunk Ingenieurtechnik公司提供的CarSIK-NT，這種材料電阻 率大約為0. 001 Ω · m)。該導電金剛砂可由導電的黏接劑 黏合在半殼12的腔内。200906522 IX. Description of the invention: [Technical reading field to which the invention pertains] μ = The invention relates to a mechanical device for manufacturing a fluid chamber having a hard surface layer. The mechanical casing manufactured according to the method [previous art] e is in motion, and the chamber white U and other inserts in the fluid chamber are in motion, for example, springs and internal combustion engines, The fluid knows the side and the friction causes the material to wear. Therefore, we make a hard layer on the inner wall of the M-疋--, for example, the anti-wear layer of the adhesive layer, typically such as silicon carbide. It is necessary to make the <IL body to have a geometric wheel temple that exactly matches the insert, and one is, and the v is a fluid chamber made by grinding. However, due to the less diamond ", there is hardness, this step of human and financial. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The object of the present invention is to describe the location of the mechanical equipment and the::::= processing becomes more practical. The manufacturer of the machine "The above-mentioned mechanical shell system is ancient, this ::: body is not conductive, and == ΐ:, the hard layer is made by the electric discharge machining method (Li) into the conductive. The hard layer is made electrically conductive by making the hard layer. Looking for feasibility. In this way, the ideal wheel; processing with enemy power processing has a high degree of automation. Qiu Ting is obtained by electro-erosion method, and in order to realize electric discharge machining, well-known electro-erosion method can be used, such as 200906522 2 electric discharge machining (WlreEDM), die-die discharge machining (diesinking Μ): Knowing the advantages of the processing method can also be applied. In particular, the automatic movement between the mechanical casings of electric light wires is well known. Therefore, it is possible to achieve a large-scale and self-method to defend the piece t $彳' from the flexibility of the wire process, which has almost no limitation on the geometry of the fluid f. A material suitable for use as a lead-free one. The hard-working material is, for example, silicon carbide supplied by the German company 1C ’SdlUnk Ingenieurtechnik. Electrical: According to the mechanical device of the present invention, it is characterized in that the hard layer is made of a corrugated diamond. In order to realize the electric spark force Π JT ^ -Γ -3⁄4. Φ, the conductive hard layer must be able to pass: the single and the second electric, the inner wall of the mechanical shell is glued into a shell _, the material pass can be directly The final material f of the residual material portion of the machine can be realized by making the (4) [embodiment] m π wiring on the mechanical housing lose power. ^ is the mechanical shell (4) that cuts out half of the mechanical shell, such as the screw spring and the screw compressor. The mechanical housing 10 is made up of two complementary halves which comprise a complete machine; in the mechanical housing 10, the fluid = one of the half shells. In the clear display, there is a greater variation in the center and the center, and the 疋 is composed of three overlapping circular groups ^ having a larger diameter relative to the other two. In a snail, the fluid chamber accommodates three mutually parallel screws which are intermeshing with each other, and the outer circumferences of the screws are each fitted to the above three circular cross sections. In the cross section shown in the third figure, the inner wall of the fluid chamber 14 is a hard layer 16. For example, the hard layer can be composed of two complementary housings 18, 20 made of conductive diamond (eg, CarSIK-NT, supplied by Schunk Ingenieurtechnik, Willich, Germany). The resistivity of this material is approximately 0.001. Ω · m). The conductive diamond can be bonded to the cavity of the half-shell 12 by a conductive adhesive.
在殼體18頂部以及殼體20内，堅硬層16的厚度較 大。該厚度為初始黏接進入腔内内殼的厚度。在該實施例 中，運用線切割放電加工，堅硬層16的厚度在線切割放電 加工機（Wlre gDM)導線22的作用下降低至理想值，且獲 得了理想的堅硬層内輪廓。上述的加工過程取代了傳統的 =磨堅硬層的方法。運用放電加工法（電蝕），可以達到很 南的精確度。事實上，也提高了機械設備的有效性。 f所不的例子中’其流體室14在整個長度方向上有統 的也、截面，這樣，在放電加工過程中導線22很便於操 t j圖巾’導線保持緊雜態以使其能在整個機械 二借臺。展開。導線22的末端由已知的放電加工（EDM) ί狀的做嚴格的圓弧線運動以獲得理想的三個重疊圓 法，任^ ^。可選地在理論上，運用已知的電腦數控方 仃形狀的橫截面都可以被獲得。 形成的邊ϋ工,、（麵）工勢過程中，兩個圓弧的過渡區域 、、彖24父銳度將會被律|、'成 的斷裂的取卜，s θ孤彳凰里減小。廷樣，一方面降低 到最小。双 面使操作過程中的電漏失程度降低 7 200906522 一般而言，堅硬層（16)可含有88-96%的金剛砂和 4-12%的導電金剛砂。在所提供的實施例中，堅硬層16 (即 兩個殼體18，20 )是由92%的金剛砂和2%的導電金剛砂組 成，導電金剛砂確保了可以運用放電加工（EDM)法。同時， 該材料的一顯著優點是當殼體18、20被燒結的時候不會發 生收縮，這樣確保了内殼加工的高精度。 電蝕應在兩個半内殼12被連接以後進行，這樣的優點 是可以在内殼18、20之間獲得平滑的過渡。 在另一個實施例中，還可以在一個工件上加工出一個 完整的管狀堅硬層，再把另一工件裝上，使堅硬層夾在它 們中間，之後再進行電蝕過程。 為了進行放電加工（EDM)，優選的是，多個機械殼體 以二維光柵排列且它們的軸向垂直於放電加工（EDM)設備 工作臺。機械殼體的電蝕過程是逐個進行的。當一個室的 電蝕過程完成後，導線22被自動切斷，電蝕設備移至下一 個室，接著射入一根新導線。這樣，電餘過程可以在多室 間自動進行。合理範圍内的大規模生產是可行的。 另一種可選擇的電蝕方式是雕模放電加工（die sinking EDM)，它可以被用在流體室的堅硬層在其長度方 向上是變化的及/或表面是曲面的情況。 當用於黏合堅硬層16的黏接劑是絕緣的，而電火花加 工需要可導通，這樣就需要第一圖和第三圖中顯示的弓形 接線夾26。弓形接線夾26在電蝕過程中可以被重新佈置， 每次電蝕加工之前需佈置好弓形接線夾。弓形接線夾26 可以只夾在機械殼體的末端堅硬層16的端面。 以下結合第四圖至第六圖對本發明的一個改良實施例 8 200906522 進行說明。 第四圖示出的僅僅是用導電金剛砂製成的殼體28，該 殼體將被嵌入的機褲殼體在圖中沒有顯示出來。該殼體的 大體形狀對應於第三圖中兩相互連接的殼體18、20。不同 的是，「交叉網格（cross )」30被留在了要製成的流體室 的内部。也就是說，交叉網格把流體室分隔成了四個腔體 32，34，36和38。腔體32，34有圓形的橫截面，而腔體 36與38的橫截面一起，構成的了一個在中部的更大的圓 形橫截面。 第四圖所示的情況中，流體室腔體32、34、36及38 的表面使用放電加工技術來加工。用來連接外殼壁面的交 叉網格30所形成的網狀結構強度，可能會被以相同放電加 工技術處理步驟或者單獨的放電加工處理步驟所形成的凹 形槽減弱。然而交叉網格30只通過定位斷裂點與殼體28 的外壁相連，定位斷裂點使交叉網格30易於移除。 完成電蝕後，加工工件42 (如第五圖所示）被插入圓 形的流體室腔體32和34中，優選的是同時插入。這些腔 體的内表面通過珩磨、研磨或類似的方式進行機械加工。 這樣做的優點是進一步降低了腔體的粗糙度。在螺杆泵或 螺杆壓縮機中，腔體32和34充當轴承的作用，在抽吸液 體的過程中，它們會受到相反方向的力。所以，軸承受到 很大的摩擦力。這樣，通過上述的機械加工過程，機械磨 損會進一步降低。 當腔體32，34同時與加工工件42安裝完成時，工件 42施加給交叉網格30的力會互抵消，並且會導致交叉網 格所形成的垂直的網狀結構承受壓力，但是在形成腔體 9 200906522 32，34的壁上不會產生彎曲應力。因此，交叉網格30可 以由相對較薄的壁製成，或者，交叉網格30的強度可能會 被如圖中虛線所示的定位斷裂點40所減弱。然而，製作定 位斷裂點可以在機械加工步驟完成後進行。 當機械加工過程完成後，交又網格可能會被機械加工 移除或放電加工切斷。所以，最後可以得到一個完整的沒 有被分割的流體室14。如果有必要，可以使用別的打磨過 程去除定位斷裂點移除後的毛邊。 f ' 為了製造第四圖中所示的殼體28，更為優良的是，運 用可以在腔體32至38之間自動移動的電火花切割設備。 這樣，在這個過程中不用更換固定工件的鉗子從而確保高 的空間精確度。 【圖式簡單說明】 下面結合附圖對本發明的一個具體實施例子進行詳細 說明，其中： 第一圖是根據本發明的機械殼體剖視圖； f 第二圖是第一圖中的剖出一半的機械殼體的正視圖； 第三圖是第一圖中所示的機械殼體在實施本項發明過 程的中間狀態下的橫截面示意圖；以及 第四圖至第六圖是在改良的實例中處於不同實施階段 的金剛砂層。 【主要元件符號說明】 10機械殼體 12半殼 14流體室 10 200906522 16堅硬層 18、20殼體 22導線 24邊緣 26弓形接線夾 28殼體 30交叉網格 32、34、36、38 腔體 40斷裂點 42加工工件At the top of the housing 18 and within the housing 20, the thickness of the hard layer 16 is relatively large. The thickness is the thickness of the inner shell that is initially bonded into the cavity. In this embodiment, by wire-cut electrical discharge machining, the thickness of the hard layer 16 is reduced to a desired value by the wire-cut electrical discharge machine (Wlre gDM) wire 22, and an ideal hard layer inner contour is obtained. The above process replaces the traditional method of grinding hard layers. Using electrical discharge machining (electro-erosion), it is possible to achieve very high accuracy. In fact, it also improves the effectiveness of mechanical equipment. In the example of f, the fluid chamber 14 has a uniform length and a cross section throughout the length direction. Thus, the wire 22 is easy to handle during the electrical discharge process, and the wire is kept tight so that it can be used throughout The second machine is borrowed. Expand. The end of the wire 22 is subjected to a strict arc motion by a known electrical discharge machining (EDM) to obtain an ideal three overlapping circle method. Alternatively, in theory, a cross section of a known computer numerical shape can be obtained. During the formation of the edge, the (face) working process, the transition zone of the two arcs, the father's sharpness of the 彖24 will be the law of the |, the formation of the fracture, s θ 孤 彳small. On the one hand, the court is reduced to a minimum. Double-sided reduction of electrical leakage during operation 7 200906522 In general, the hard layer (16) can contain 88-96% silicon carbide and 4-12% conductive silicon carbide. In the embodiment provided, the hard layer 16 (i.e., the two shells 18, 20) is composed of 92% diamond and 2% conductive diamond, and the conductive diamond ensures that the electrical discharge machining (EDM) method can be utilized. At the same time, a significant advantage of the material is that it does not shrink when the housings 18, 20 are sintered, thus ensuring high precision in the processing of the inner casing. The galvanic corrosion should be performed after the two half inner casings 12 are joined, which has the advantage that a smooth transition between the inner casings 18, 20 can be obtained. In another embodiment, it is also possible to machine a complete tubular hard layer on one workpiece, and then attach another workpiece so that the hard layer is sandwiched between them, followed by an electrolytic etching process. For electrical discharge machining (EDM), it is preferred that the plurality of mechanical housings are arranged in a two-dimensional grating and their axial direction is perpendicular to the electrical discharge machining (EDM) equipment table. The electrical erosion process of the mechanical housing is performed one by one. When the electro-erosion process of one chamber is completed, the wire 22 is automatically cut, the electro-erosion device is moved to the next chamber, and a new wire is injected. In this way, the remainder process can be automated between multiple chambers. Large-scale production within a reasonable range is feasible. Another alternative to electrolytic etching is die sinking (EDM), which can be used where the hard layer of the fluid chamber is varied in its length and/or the surface is curved. When the adhesive used to bond the hard layer 16 is insulated and the sparking process needs to be conductive, the arcuate clips 26 shown in the first and third figures are required. The arcuate clips 26 can be rearranged during the galvanic process, and the arcuate clips need to be placed before each galvanic process. The arcuate clip 26 can be clamped only to the end face of the hard end layer 16 of the mechanical housing. An improved embodiment 8 200906522 of the present invention will now be described with reference to the fourth to sixth figures. The fourth figure shows only the housing 28 made of conductive diamond, which is not shown in the figure. The general shape of the housing corresponds to the two interconnected housings 18, 20 in the third figure. The difference is that the "cross" 30 is left inside the fluid chamber to be made. That is, the cross grid divides the fluid chamber into four chambers 32, 34, 36 and 38. The cavities 32, 34 have a circular cross section, and the cavities 36 and 38, together with the cross section, form a larger circular cross section in the middle. In the case shown in the fourth figure, the surfaces of the fluid chamber cavities 32, 34, 36 and 38 are processed using electrical discharge machining techniques. The strength of the mesh structure formed by the cross-grid 30 used to join the wall of the outer casing may be attenuated by the concave grooves formed by the same discharge processing technique or separate electrical discharge processing steps. However, the cross grid 30 is only connected to the outer wall of the housing 28 by positioning the break point, and locating the break point makes the cross grid 30 easy to remove. After the galvanic corrosion is completed, the machined workpiece 42 (shown in Figure 5) is inserted into the circular fluid chamber cavities 32 and 34, preferably simultaneously. The inner surfaces of these cavities are machined by honing, grinding or the like. This has the advantage of further reducing the roughness of the cavity. In a screw pump or a screw compressor, the cavities 32 and 34 act as bearings, and they are subjected to forces in opposite directions during the pumping of the liquid. Therefore, the bearing is subjected to a large amount of friction. Thus, the mechanical wear is further reduced by the above-described machining process. When the cavities 32, 34 are simultaneously mounted with the machined workpiece 42, the forces applied by the workpiece 42 to the intersecting grids 30 cancel each other out, and the vertical mesh structure formed by the intersecting grids is subjected to pressure, but is formed in the cavity. Body 9 200906522 32, 34 does not produce bending stress on the wall. Thus, the cross grid 30 can be made of relatively thin walls, or the strength of the cross grid 30 can be attenuated by the location breaks 40 as shown by the dashed lines in the figure. However, the production of the fracture point can be made after the machining step is completed. When the machining process is completed, the cross-grid may be cut by mechanical machining or electrical discharge machining. Therefore, a complete fluid chamber 14 that is not divided can be obtained in the end. If necessary, other grinding processes can be used to remove the burrs after the removal of the fracture point. f ' In order to manufacture the housing 28 shown in the fourth figure, it is more preferable to use an electric spark cutting apparatus that can be automatically moved between the cavities 32 to 38. In this way, it is not necessary to replace the pliers for fixing the workpiece in this process to ensure high spatial precision. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS A specific embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in which: FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a mechanical housing according to the present invention; A front view of the mechanical housing; the third view is a schematic cross-sectional view of the mechanical housing shown in the first figure in an intermediate state in the process of carrying out the invention; and the fourth to sixth figures are in a modified example A layer of silicon carbide at different stages of implementation. [Main component symbol description] 10 mechanical housing 12 half-shell 14 fluid chamber 10 200906522 16 hard layer 18, 20 housing 22 wire 24 edge 26 arcuate clip 28 housing 30 cross grid 32, 34, 36, 38 cavity 40 breaking point 42 machining workpiece