200902950 九、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 發明領域 本發明係有關於顆粒偵測。本發明的較佳具體實施例 便於用特別設計成適用於偵測煙霧顆粒之裝置來說明。不 過’請勿視為本發明受限於此一示範應用。 L先前技術1 發明背景 眾所周知’消防滅火系統（fire pr〇tecti〇n and 10 suppressant system)的操作是藉由偵測煙霧及其他氣載污染 物(airborne pollutant)的存在。一旦偵測出有閥值位準的煙 霧時，可啟動警報並且開始滅火系統的操作。儘管火災本 身會造成損壞，滅火系統的操作也會造成相當大的損壞， 而且隨後滅火劑的移除也很危險。有充分敏感度而可偵測 15出空氣中有異常位準之顆粒的偵測系統是有利的，因為它 使得在實際的火災開始之前可儘早採取行動。 提供火災預警的方法之一是使用可高度敏感地偵測顆 粒的顆粒偵測器，其係基於光線由輻射束散開的數量來偵 測出氣載顆粒，例如XtmlisPtyLtd所售、商標為VESDA的 20煙霧偵測器。該等煙霧偵測器的操作通常藉由從雷射或閃 光管（flash tube)傳輸一束光線通過可能内有顆粒的空氣 流。光學偵測器（例如，光二極體或其他光敏元件）是放在與 受照容積有關的預定位置’而被該光學債測器接收的散射 光數量是用來判定氣流中之顆粒物質的位準。 5 200902950 此類煙霧偵測系統係吸入空氣樣本通過一由—或更多 取樣管道組成的管道網路，該一或更多取樣管道有裝在可 收集煙霧或顆粒之處的取樣小孔。用風扇吸入空氣通過取 樣小孔並且沿著管道通過位於遠處的偵測器。 5 【發明内容】 發明概要 在第一方面，本發明提供一種用於偵測顆粒的裝置， 其係包含：至少一備測室，其係具有一構件可用來價測在 该室内之至少-評定區（regiGn Gf imerest)内的顆粒；至少一 進氣口，其係用於導入-空氣樣本至一各別的偵測室；以 及，補測至之至少-出口；其中該偵測室係經組態成該 空氣樣本可在第-方向進入該進氣口以及在橫越該評定區 後至J有-部份是沿著除該第一方向以外的方向流向該出 15 紐地’該裝置更包含—位在—至該裝置之進氣口與 該偵測室之間的流量偵測器，而該空氣樣本是沿著該第一 方向流動穿經該流量偵測器。 在第二方面，—種驗_難的裝置，其係包含： 至少-氣流路徑，其係包含：至少—進氣口，其係用於導 入一空氣樣本至—各職_ m -可由該（_測 室排出該⑻空氣樣本使得該空氣樣本流動穿經該傾測室 的構件’至少一光源，其係經組態成可照明該偵測室之一 公積’至V絲偵測n，其係能夠視察該制室之該受 照容積的至少-部份以及該㈣室之—光學表面，則貞測 20 200902950 在該偵測室中的顆粒；苴中 使得有-背π 路徑至少形成兩個部份 使付有擔可卸除，藉此該 一可被嗲氺風站、， *〇ρ份包含該偵測室之 叮被从學彳貞測n視察的光學表面。 有现的疋，5亥裝置設有兩個光源，& μ +200902950 IX. INSTRUCTIONS: TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to particle detection. Preferred embodiments of the present invention are illustrated by means of a device specifically designed to detect smoke particles. However, please do not consider the invention to be limited to this exemplary application. L Prior Art 1 Background of the Invention It is well known that the operation of fire pr〇tecti〇n and 10 suppressant systems is by detecting the presence of smoke and other airborne pollutants. Once a threshold level of smoke is detected, an alarm can be activated and the operation of the fire suppression system begins. Although the fire itself can cause damage, the operation of the fire suppression system can cause considerable damage, and subsequent removal of the fire extinguishing agent is also dangerous. A detection system that is sufficiently sensitive to detect particles with anomalous levels in the air is advantageous because it allows for early action to be taken before the actual fire begins. One way to provide fire warning is to use a highly sensitive particle detector that detects airborne particles based on the amount of light scattered by the radiation beam, such as the 20 smoke sold by Xtmlis Pty Ltd under the trademark VESDA. Detector. The smoke detectors typically operate by passing a beam of light from a laser or flash tube through a stream of air that may have particles therein. An optical detector (eg, a photodiode or other photosensitive element) is placed at a predetermined position associated with the illuminated volume and the amount of scattered light received by the optical detector is used to determine the location of the particulate matter in the gas stream. quasi. 5 200902950 This type of smoke detection system is a collection of inhaled air samples through a network of pipes consisting of - or more sampling conduits with sampling orifices where smoke or particulates can be collected. The fan draws in air through the sampling orifice and along the pipe through a remotely located detector. 5 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In a first aspect, the present invention provides an apparatus for detecting particles, comprising: at least one preparation chamber having a member for price measurement at least in the chamber - assessment a particle in a region (regiGn Gf imerest); at least one air inlet for introducing an air sample to a respective detection chamber; and, for example, at least an outlet; wherein the detection chamber is Configuring that the air sample can enter the air inlet in the first direction and after traversing the evaluation area, the portion of the air flows to the outlet 15 in a direction other than the first direction. Further included is a flow detector between the air inlet of the device and the detection chamber, and the air sample flows through the flow detector along the first direction. In a second aspect, the apparatus for detecting _ difficult includes: at least - an air flow path comprising: at least - an air inlet for introducing an air sample to - each position - m - may be ( Discharging the (8) air sample such that the air sample flows through the member of the tilting chamber 'at least one light source configured to illuminate one of the detection chambers' to the V-wire detection n, The system is capable of inspecting at least the portion of the illuminated volume of the chamber and the optical surface of the chamber (4), and then measuring 20 200902950 particles in the detection chamber; the 苴 makes the at least π path form at least two The part is made available for dismounting, whereby the one can be hurricane station, and the 包含 份 包含 contains the optical surface of the detection room that was inspected from the 彳贞 彳贞. , 5 Hai device with two light sources, & μ +
原兩個雷射光束或LED 為季乂仏以及各自的光學偵 視察的光學表面騎佳。 Μ被各個光學債測器 韻測室之該可卸除部份係形成-包含該债 ;=ΓΓ 有益的是，該進氣口與至該排氣 構件的出口都位在該偵測室的同—面上。因此 10 15 作就能夠插上該可卸除式卡盤。在—形式卜用單一向下 或滑移運動可㈣卡盤與該核Μ。由於有此配置，在 單-方向只需要密封該㈣室的兩個部份。 有多個各有光學表面的制室為較佳。該（物測室的 表面為狐純佳，這樣可最小化對於空氣樣本之流動的干 擾以及也可減少可能累積顆粒的角落或裂缝。 較佳地’以互補方式製成該外殼與該備測室卡盤的形 狀使得該侧室卡盤在沒鮮或方位不對時無法附著於該 外殼。 該裝置包含多個進氣口以及各自的偵測室為較佳。該 2〇 <貞测1§可匕含共用排氣歧管（exhaust manifold)，每個該等 偵測室之中的空氣係由該偵測室輸出到該共用排氣歧管 内。 該侦須彳室之該可卸除部份可形成一包含下列各物中之 一或更多的可卸除式卡盤：光偵測器與對應至一光學表面 200902950 的光源。 _ 在一具體實施例中，該氣流流入該進氣口的方向與從 該出口流到該排氣構件的方向不相同。 在第三方面，本發明提供一種用於偵測顆粒的裝置， 5 其係包含： - 一基本外殼； . 一可由該外殼卸下的偵測室卡盤；以及 一可由該外殼卸下的風扇及/或過濾器卡盤； 其中該等卡盤之一個有一部份覆蓋另一卡盤之一部份 10 以使得該等卡盤可互連。 較佳地，該等卡盤之間的互連提供一在該等卡盤之間 的流體交流路徑。該等卡盤之間的互連可為在該等卡盤之 間的電氣及/或資料連接。 在第四方面，本發明提供一種具有多個偵測室的煙霧 15 偵測器，其係包含： 多個進氣口，彼等係用於導入空氣樣本至各別的多個 " 偵測室内； 數個穿孔，彼等係裝設在該等多個偵測室之間使得一 光源可投射穿過該等多個偵測室的光線； 20 一供該等多個偵測室共用的歧管； 其中該等穿孔係經組態成可最小化空氣樣本通過相鄰 偵測室之穿孔的洩露量。 有益的是，該煙霧偵測器包含一位於該等相鄰偵測室 之上游為較佳的超音波流量偵測器。該煙霧偵測器包含一 8 200902950 風，也較佳，其係位於該等制室的下游，而位於該共用 歧營的下游也較佳。 …該等偵測室可包含多個光源，例如雷射。在該等價測 室之間，它也可包含兩個穿孔。 5 纟—具體實施例中，該等進氣口與該歧管都連接至該 债測室的同-面，使得空氣樣本可在第一方向由該進氣口乂 流入該偵測室，以及在橫越該制室後沿著與該第—方向 相反的方向流到該排氣構件。該等進氣口與該歧管平行為 較佳。此-配置使得該偵測室在該等進氣口與該歧管 10 可產生一迴路。 在另方面，本發明提供—制於㈣—空氣樣本中 之顆粒的裝置，其係包含： 、-外殼，其係包含—空氣樣本人口與―空氣樣本出口 、在叙σ及出卩之間可界定—氣流路徑的構件，該 15空氣樣本入口係經組態成可沿著第一方向引導-空氣樣本 至少一顆粒偵測器，其係與在該入口及出口之間的六 氣樣本相互作用則貞_空氣樣本之中的顆粒； 2〇 沿著除該第 -中用於界定4氣流路徑的構件包含—可引導該氣流 方向以外之方向流動的構#，以最小化該外 殼在該第一方向的寬度。 —較佳地，用於界定該氣流路徑的構件在該氣流路徑中 界疋至乂兩個礼流在其中呈反向流動的部份。使該兩個部 份在該第一方向對齊為最佳。 200902950 用於界定該氣流路徑的構件在該氣流路徑中界定至少 一實質u形彎管為較佳。 在一較佳的形式中，該外殼包含多個一起界定該氣流 路徑的外殼組件。較佳地，該外殼包含該氣流路徑之一底 5 盤界定部份與一或更多界定該氣流路徑之一部份、可卸除 地安裝至該底盤的可卸除式外殼組件。 在一較佳的形式中，係將該至少一顆粒偵測器併入一 可卸除式外殼組件。 較佳地，空氣係以實質不同的方向進出該可卸除式外 10 殼組件。通過包含至少一顆粒偵測器之外殼組件的流動路 徑含有一或更多個改變氣流方向的彎頭為最佳。較佳地， 氣流輸入包含至少一顆粒偵測器之外殼組件的方向與由其 輸出的方向相差180度。 較佳地，一可卸除式外殼組件可由該底盤卸下及/或與 15 該底盤耦合而不用與在它們之間的其他組件（例如，其他的 配線、軟管或其類似物）分離及/或連接。 較佳地，藉由沿著或繞著單一軸線的運動，該可卸除 式外殼組件可與該底盤嚙合及/或與該底盤分開。此一沿著 或繞著單一軸線的運動可在對齊該可卸除式外殼組件與該 20 底盤的步驟之前進行。 該裝置包含一流量感測器用來測定氣流在該氣流路徑 之中的流率為較佳。 在一較佳具體實施例中，該裝置包含多個空氣樣本入 口與至少一空氣樣本出口，以及界定多條在該等空氣樣本 10 200902950 入口I::各別者與—出口之間的氣流路徑的構件。 具體實施例中，將一與~味 偵測器併入一’、虱相互作用的顆粒 ，、用可卸除組件為較佳。 氣流的顆粒偵、,Ρ,丨权彳也對應至各 -或更多於另—氣流的顆粒制器共享 ^更夕個、.且件。該等顆粒 作藉由«散料《及共享_共用先==個U的操 之顆===!!提供一種用，-空氣樣本中 出口 ^ .多健峨本人Π及空氣樣本 10 15 20 /"人口及出口係與—共用空氣容積相通，以及可 二疋夕個在該等空氣樣本人口之―各別者與該制容積之 _氣流路徑的構件，至少一在入口及出口之間與各個空 氣樣本相互作用的顆粒谓測器，該顆粗摘測器係經組態成 °貞貝J各個工氣樣本之中的顆粒，該顆粒偵測器包含一用 於照明兩個或更多該等空氣樣本之—容積的共享光源以 及至少一用於各個空氣樣本的光债測器，其係經組態成可 伯測光線由各個空氣樣本之受照容積之至少一部份散開的 程度；該可界定多個氣流路徑的構件係包含在相鄰氣流路 徑之間的穿孔，-共享光源係通過該等穿孔來照射兩個或 更多该等空氣樣本之一容積，其中該等在相鄰氣流路徑之 間的牙孔係經配置成，如果在空氣樣本入口處的氣流各有 不同的氣壓，則可最小化相鄰氣流路徑在穿孔處的壓力差。 較佳地，各條氣流路徑包含一各別的流量偵測器。 較佳地，在相鄰氣流路徑之間的穿孔均鄰近於至該共 用容積的樣本出口。 11 200902950 在另一方面，本發明提供一種用於偵測顆粒的裝置， 其係包含.至少一债測室，其係具有一構件可用來偵測該 室内的顆粒；至少一進氣口，其係用於導入一空氣樣本至 各別的偵測室；以及可由該（等)制室排出該（等）空 5祕本的構件；其中該制㈣經組態成該空氣樣本可沿 著第方向由該進氣σ流人該偵測室以及在橫越該僅測室 後/口著與該第-方向相反的方向流到該排氣構件。該顆粒 偵測裝置可包含一位在該進氣口與該偵測室之間的流量偵 測器，而該空氣樣本是沿著該第一方向流動穿經該流量债 10測器。較佳地，該偵測室有一部份是由一可由該裝置之外 殼卸下的卡盤形成。藉由使該進氣口與該排氣構件位在該 偵J至的同Φ ’用單一動作就能夠使該可卸除部份就定 ^較佳地’該外殼與該_室卡盤是做成有互補形狀使 得在沒對準時無法安裝該债測室卡盤至該外殼。提供多個 15進氣口與各自的制室是有益的。有益的是該侧室可 在進氣口與出口之間包含一迴路以最小化流動路徑對外的 長度。另外’偵測器包含-共用排氣歧管為較佳，每個該 等偵測室之中的空氣係由該偵測室輸出到該共用排氣歧管 内。設有-風扇及過遽器配置為較佳，而且位置是在至該 20 等進氣口之歧管的反面。 圖式簡單說明 此時用以下的附圖來舉例說明本發明。 第1圖為本發明之一煙霧偵測器的透視圖； 第2圖的煙霧制器透視圖係圖示沿著第i圖中之直線 12 200902950 2-2繪出的橫截面； 第3圖圖示偵測室的橫截面圖以及光學偵測器的視見 區， 第4圖為偵測室和風扇及過濾器卡盤已卸除之第1圖煙 5 霧偵測器的透視圖； 第5圖為偵測室之頂面的透視圖； 第6圖為第5圖偵測室的展開透視圖； 第7圖圖示煙霧偵測器的上視圖以及穿過偵測室和風 扇及過濾器卡盤的部份剖視圖； 10 第8圖為風扇及過濾器卡盤的俯視展開圖；以及 第9圖為第8圖風扇及過濾器卡盤的仰視展開圖。 【實施方式3 較佳實施例之詳細說明 此時描述本發明的較佳具體實施例，其係有關於有數 15 個偵測室各自能夠接收以及同時分析空氣樣本的煙霧偵測 器。 本發明的原理及有利方面可實施於有任意多個偵測室 的煙霧偵測器，而熟諳此藝者會瞭解如何使本發明的不同 方面適應於有不同室數的偵測器。 20 第1圖的透視圖係根據一較佳具體實施例圖示一形式 為煙霧偵測器的顆粒偵測裝置。偵測器100包含3個主要組 件：底盤102、偵測室卡盤104、風扇及過濾器卡盤(fan and filter cartridge) 106。偵測室卡盤104與風扇及過瀘、器卡盤 106都可由底盤102卸下。 13 200902950 圖示之示範具體實施例由於有6個入口 1 〇8供導入空氣 樣本進入在偵測室卡盤104中的6個偵測室1〇3而能夠獨立 分析6個空氣樣本。該等空氣樣本都經由共用排氣口 11〇而 由煙霧偵測器排出。 5 第2圖的煙霧偵測器透視圖係圖示沿著第1圖直線2-2 繪出穿過偵測室103中之一個的橫截面。熟諳此藝者應瞭 解’牙過煙霧偵測器的6個偵測室中之任何一個可繪出相同 的橫截面。 簡言之，該等空氣樣本係沿著箭頭114方向進入入口 10丨08。最初該等空氣樣本是流動穿過組態成可測定空氣穿過 偵測器116之流率的流量偵測器116。流量偵測器116的類型 為超音波流量感測器（ultrasonic flow sensor)較佳，它在國際 專利公開案第WO 2004/102499號(標題為“改良式感測裝置 及方法，’ ’屬於Xtralis Pty Ltd)中有說明，xtraHs pty Ltd也 15以“VES〇A LaserFocus”的商標出售一系列的空氣取樣煙霧 偵測器。 在穿經流量偵測器116後，空氣樣本會橫越偵測室1〇3 中讀出煙霧偵測的評定區118。描述於本文的示範具體實施 例是用偵測向前光散射離開雷射光束的原理來偵測氣流中 20是否存在顆粒，儘管也可使用反向散射幾何（backscatter geometry)。在此實施例中，兩道雷射光束12〇會投射穿過6 個偵測室103之中的每一個，如第7圖所示。光學偵測器516 在空氣樣本穿經評定區118時能夠偵測由雷射光束12〇散開 的光線。第3圖圖示光學偵測器516的視見區（viewing 14 200902950 uea)l 19。在共審查中之專利申請案（申請曰與標題為“用於 顆粒偵測的方法及系統”的本申請案相同）中有詳述煙霧偵 測功能與光源。 由第2圖可見’流量偵測器116是安排在入口 1〇8附近， 5其中該等入口 108係經連接成可使進氣管與空氣取樣網路 - (未圖示）分開，該空氣取樣網路可能收集來自不同房間或建 - 築物之區域的空氣樣本。藉由提供6個個別的流量偵測器 116和偵測室1〇3，可獨立分析來自個別位置的空氣樣本， 而使得在偵測到煙霧的時候可輕易識出煙霧的位置。 10 空氣樣本穿過評定區118的行進路徑要求空氣順著彎 路或迴路流動並且流動回到底盤102空氣進入的那一面。這 可藉由把入口 108與排氣構件（下文會加以描述）兩者連接至 偵測室103的同一面來達成，這樣路徑會繞回到它的上面， 而空氣樣本的流動方向會與箭頭丨14所示的流動方向相 15反。這可限制組件的長度以及使得煙霧偵測器有相對緊凑 的尺寸。此一配置的優點之一是偵測室卡盤1〇4可位於底盤 、 102邊緣，而流動路徑仍然是在超音波流量偵測器116與歧 管122之間。藉由配置偵測室卡盤104於底盤102的邊緣，可 使組件之間有較佳的密封，因為只需要向下插入卡盤104而 2〇不需要鎖入在兩個組件之間的密封接合物（sealing engagement) ° 明再參考第2圖，在橫越偵測室1〇3的評定區118後，空 氣樣本進入共用排氣歧管122。排氣歧管122對於每一個個 別的偵測室103是共用的。然後，空氣經由穿孔124被吸入 15 200902950 風扇及過攄器卡盤1()6。吸人穿孔124的大部份空氣是通過 排氣口 11〇(第2圖未圖示）來排出，而有一部份被新鮮空氣過 慮器（clean air filter) 126過渡。由新鮮空氣過渡器126過遽的 空氣會饋人侧室1G3，並且用來提供用以清潔侧室卡盤 5 104之光學表面的新鮮空氣，這在下文會有更加詳細的說 明。 進入一入口 108的空氣壓力可與其他的入口 1〇8不同。 當來自各氣流的空氣進入共用歧管122時，這6道氣流之間 的壓力差會等於零。如以上所解釋的，穿孔524都設在偵測 10室103之間用來讓雷射光束丨2〇通過。儘管在相鄰兩室之間 可使用光束可通過的透明窗，然而顆粒容易相對快速地累 積而會污染透明函，以致於需要維修。與在入口 1 〇8之間的 開穿孔有關的問題是，如果不同的氣流有壓力差，在一端 口有較咼壓力的空氣會通過該等穿孔來移到空氣壓力較低 15的端口。吾等已發現，藉由使雷射光束穿孔524及相關的偵 測室103緊鄰於共用歧管可最小化在雷射光束穿孔524之氣 流的壓力差，因為可相對等化此一位置的壓力差。藉由配 置超音波流量偵測器116於偵測室1 〇3的上游，能夠精確地 讀出各個入口 108的流量。 20 第4圖圖示煙霧偵測器100的底盤1〇2,其中係已卸丁债 測至卡盤104與風扇及過濾器卡盤106。應瞭解，氣流通道 經過煙霧偵測器的部份是由底盤102形成'部份是由可卸除 式卡盤104、106形成。底盤102的下表面是做成有一序列6 個空腔302，該等空腔302係經設計成可接收煙霧偵測室卡 16 200902950 盤104的進氣口 526(下文會加以描述）。各個空腔302係經設 計成可接收插槽304的窗紗（insect screen)用來防止昆蟲及 大顆粒物質進入偵測室1〇3的評定區118。 底盤102在共用排氣歧管（第2圖的122)的那一面上設有 5單一接受穿孔306，其係經設計成可接受偵測室卡盤1〇4的 出氣穿孔528部份(下文會加以描述）。偵測室卡盤1〇4與在空 腔302上方的底盤102嗜合，如第3圖所示。包圍穿孔3〇6及 空腔302的是設計成可接受墊圈（第6圖的514)的連續表面 305以在可卸除式偵測室1〇4與底盤1〇2之間形成密封。與表 10面3〇5毗鄰的表面300係經設計成可接受可卸除式風扇及過 濾器卡盤106,而且包含用於讓風扇及過濾器卡盤1〇6可吸 入排出空氣的穿孔124。第二穿孔308為由風扇及過濾器卡 盤104進入共用排氣口 11〇的入口。表面3〇〇呈平坦且係經設 计成可接受墊圈（未圖示）以提供風扇及過濾器卡盤1〇4與底 15 盤102的密封。 底盤102也包含一對電連接器31〇、312，彼等係經組態 成可各自實現偵測室卡盤丨〇 4與風扇及過濾器卡盤丨〇 6之間 的電氣及資料連接。彼等係經安置成在侦測室卡盤1〇4與風 扇及過_卡盤106與底盤1G2接合時可接合。偵測室卡盤 2〇 104與風扇及過濾器卡盤106各用—對凸輪桿別、^(圖示 於第1圖）來固定於絲102。以元件符號112表示的區域係 經設計成可接受裝置的配線與電子零件(未圖示），而且設有 小洞320、322讓配線可到達區域112。 第5圖的透視圖圖示本發明較佳具體實施例之債測室 17 200902950 卡盤104的頂面，而第6圖為偵測室卡盤i〇4的展開圖。偵測 室卡盤104的總成主要包含下列組件：外殼500、印刷電路 板502、一對雷射504、506、内部墊圈508、上殼510及下殼 512、以及界面墊圈514。 5 隨著時間的過去，顆粒偵測器103的偵測室及其光學組 件(例如’反射及視察面與窗口）容易因累積顆粒而被污染。 特別是在骯髒的環境下。隨著時間的過去，反射性沒有額 外控制的骯髒表面可能導致會被偵測器接收之背景光線 (其係有效雜訊）的位準改變。如果讓它不正確，則藉由維修 1〇或者通過軟體來增加背景位準可能會使假警報增加。 由於本領域難以用可控制又可靠的方式來保養或清潔 組件，因此若能更換組件是有利的。然而，更換組件需要 工具、日守間以及相當水準的技術。藉由提供可卸除式偵測 室卡盤104’可卸下及分析容易污染的組件，以及在必要時 15換成新的卡盤，此時以不需要工具以及需要儘量少的技蔽 為較佳。 $ 在-具體實作（未圖示）中，可提供_界定部份彳貞測室壁 (或其他表面）、包含可被光學㈣器視察之光學表面但沒有 其他組件的偵測室卡盤。 20 纟圖不之較佳具體實施例中，外殼500係經組態成可接 受每一個其他組件，而且該較佳具體實施例是由I呂製成以 提供剛性以及内含電子零件的電磁屏蔽。如熟諳此藝者所 知’可用其他的材料來形成有想要剛性及屏蔽特性的外 殼。印刷電路板502攜载成對配置於各個偵測室1〇3的光學 18 200902950 偵測器516(圖示於第3圖）。印刷電路板502也有連接器518 用來使偵測室卡盤104電氣連接至裝上煙霧偵測器的底盤 102。該對雷射504與506也裝在外殼500之一端且經組態成 可沿著偵測外殼500的長度投射平行光束120穿過所有6個 5 偵測室103。 外殼500係經設計成可接受流入穿孔52〇(圖示於第5圖） 的新鮮空氣，它是用來保證可保持偵測室1〇3的光學表面沒 有灰塵或其他的污染。印刷電路板502是做成有數個小洞 503用來讓新鮮空氣進入偵測室外殼500並穿過它而進入偵 10測室1〇3。配置在印刷電路板502上方的内部墊圈508係經設 計成可控制新鮮空氣通過偵測室卡盤1〇4内部的流量。在上 面的是上殼510,其係界定6個偵測室1〇3(請參考第3圖）的上 表面以及光截止器（light dump)520(請參考第7圖）的結構。 光截止器520是由兩個用來引導雷射光束離開進入偵測室 15 1〇3之直接返回路徑的傾斜面525形成。由上殼510形成的偵 測室103各有一對穿孔515，各個光學偵測器516通過穿孔 515可視察雷射光束120穿過偵測室1〇3的部份。使用時，該 等穿孔是用通過穿孔521導入外殼的新鮮空氣來保持乾 淨。光學偵測器516也通過印刷電路板502的小洞503來視 20 察。 上殼510包含有穿孔524形成於其中的牆部522。牆522 用來區分偵測室103，而穿孔524使得雷射504、506的光束 120可通過牆部522不被中斷地穿過多個偵測室103，如第7 圖所示。 19 200902950 下殼512有一面包含多個排成一列的偵測室進氣口 而下殼512的另一面形成多個對應的偵測室出口 528。空^ 樣本進入進氣口 526並且在經由各自的排氣口 528離開價測 室10 3之前穿經界定於偵測室卡盤1 〇 4的偵測室1 〇 3。與上批 5 510之部份牆體522—起界定偵測室牆體的短牆529是落在 進氣口 526與各個排氣口 528之間。由第3圖可見，偵測室1〇3 是由以下部份形成：進氣口 526、出氣穿孔528、以及谓測 室卡盤104的牆部522、529。 由第2圖可見，進氣口 526與輸出端口 528在光學偵測器 10 516的視見區Π9内形成大部份的光學表面。由於該等表面 為可卸除式偵測室卡盤1 〇 4之一部份，因此在更換偵測室時 可更換。 在下殼512之一末端處設有凹槽530以致使可通過外殼 來電氣連接至座落在印刷電路板502的連接器518。在進氣 15 口 526及輸出端口 528附近，下殼512的外表面有相對平坦、 設計成可接受墊圈514的部份532。在偵測室卡盤1〇4安裝於 底盤102時’墊圈可用來形成偵測室103與底盤1〇2之間的密 封。 第8圖及第9圖的展開圖係以不同的視角圖示本示範具 20體實施例的風扇及過濾器卡盤106。由於煙霧偵測器的風扇 604及過濾器6〇6的效能會隨著使用年齡及污染而劣化，因 此提供含有該等組件的卡盤是有益的。 首先’由第8圖可見，風扇及過濾器卡盤1〇6包含大體 為盒狀的外殼6〇〇，其中係裝上電路板602、風扇604及過濾 20 200902950 器606。電路板602及風扇604係經由在元件與外殼600之間 提供密封的各別塾圈608、610而被安裝於外殼6〇〇的表面。 外殼600也設有蓋體612。 外殼600在底面設有3個穿孔614'616、618用於與煙霧 5 偵測器的底盤102有界面。第一個穿孔614為與底盤1〇2之穿 孔124對齊的進氣口，空氣通過它可由底盤1〇2的共用歧管 122吸入。在外殼600底面的第二個穿孔的是排氣口 616，空 氣可通過它排出外殼600。外殼618的第三個穿孔提供用以 電氣連接電路板602的外部通路，該電路板602是用來使風 10 扇及過濾器卡盤106與煙霧偵測器100的電子零件電氣連 接。外殼600也提供新鮮空氣穿孔620，通過它已過濾的空 氣可進入在偵測室卡盤104上的新鮮空氣輸入口 521。每一 個用來輸送空氣的穿孔614、616及620都設有墊圈（未圖示） 藉此在使用時與接觸表面形成密封。應瞭解，穿孔618由於 15 沒有空氣流動穿過它而不需要塾圈。 風扇604在底面有與外殼600入口 614對應的進氣口 628。風扇604有出口 630。當風扇604装在外殼600内時，它 的出口630大體與外殼6〇〇的出口616對齊。不過，這兩個開 口之間沒有密封，所以吸入風扇604的空氣有一部份會流入 20外殼600内的空隙。此一部份的空氣會向上流動通過外殼 600並且通過新鮮空氣過濾器606，並且從外殼經由新鮮空 氣出口 620以及經由穿孔521進入偵測室卡盤1〇4。過濾器 606保留在風扇6〇4上面的外殼600内以及保留在外殼600與 蓋體612之間。由於蓋體612的底面有網紋表面（textured 21 200902950 8\1他〇6)632’因此不會損及在過濾器6〇6與蓋體612之間的 空氣路徑。空氣在流出外殼600底面的新鮮空氣出口 62〇之 前會在通道中通過蓋體的網紋表面632進入凹槽634(圖示 於第9圖）。 5 使用時’藉由利用適當的穿孔與煙霧傾測器100對齊以 及向下壓迫，風扇及過濾器卡盤106可裝上煙霧偵測器1〇〇 使得風扇及過濾器卡盤106可與底盤1〇2的適當部份接觸。 在此一單一向下移動到底盤時，可完成風扇及過濾器卡盤 106與底盤102之間的密封以及新鮮空氣出口 12〇與偵測室 10卡盤104之間的密封。此外，也可完成風扇及過濾器卡盤106 與底盤102的電子零件之間的電氣連接。使用時，用槓桿 316(請參考第1圖）使風扇及過濾器卡盤與底盤ι〇2保持 接觸。風扇及過濾器卡盤106有一部份覆蓋一部份偵測室卡 盤104。此一覆蓋部份會接通饋至偵測室卡盤1 的新鮮空 15 氣而不需要人工連接軟管。 在較佳的形式中’偵測室卡盤104與風扇及過濾器卡盤 106兩者都含有在板上的電子零件，其中有記憶晶片可記錄 各種與組件有關的資料用來最小化或排除技術人員輸入資 料於偵測裝置内以在保養後重新投入運作的需要。 20 例如’偵測室卡盤104的記憶體可儲存以下資料(但不 又限於）：校驗數值、序號、灰塵數、污染率、與故障或警 報條件有關資料、等等。同樣，風扇及過濾器卡盤106可儲 存以下資料(但不受限於）：校驗數值、序號、灰塵及污染率、 流率、以及風扇軸承壽命。 22 200902950 可將偵測器組態成各個I且件裝 入偵 器不 以及在某些條件與偵測The original two laser beams or LEDs are ideal for the optical surface of the quarters and their respective optical inspections. The detachable portion of each optical debt measuring chamber is formed - including the debt; = ΓΓ beneficially, the air inlet and the outlet to the exhaust member are both located in the detecting chamber Same-surface. Therefore, the removable chuck can be inserted by 10 15 . In the form - a single downward or slip motion can be used to (4) the chuck and the core. Due to this configuration, it is only necessary to seal the two parts of the (4) chamber in the single-direction. It is preferred to have a plurality of chambers each having an optical surface. The surface of the chamber is purely fox, which minimizes interference with the flow of the air sample and also reduces corners or cracks that may accumulate particles. Preferably, the housing is made in a complementary manner and the test is prepared. The shape of the chamber chuck is such that the side chamber chuck cannot be attached to the outer casing when it is not fresh or misaligned. The device preferably includes a plurality of air inlets and a respective detection chamber. The 2 〇 < 贞 1 1 A common exhaust manifold may be included, and air in each of the detection chambers is outputted from the detection chamber to the common exhaust manifold. The detachable portion of the sputum chamber The portion may form a removable chuck comprising one or more of the following: a photodetector and a light source corresponding to an optical surface 200902950. _ In one embodiment, the airflow flows into the intake The direction of the mouth is different from the direction of flow from the outlet to the venting member. In a third aspect, the invention provides a device for detecting particles, 5 comprising: - a basic outer casing; The detection chamber chuck removed; and one A fan and/or a filter cartridge removed from the housing; wherein a portion of the chucks covers a portion 10 of the other chuck to enable the cartridges to be interconnected. Preferably, such The interconnection between the chucks provides a fluid communication path between the chucks. The interconnection between the chucks can be an electrical and/or data connection between the chucks. In one aspect, the present invention provides a smoke 15 detector having a plurality of detection chambers, comprising: a plurality of air inlets for introducing air samples to respective plurality of detection chambers; Perforations, which are disposed between the plurality of detection chambers such that a light source can project light passing through the plurality of detection chambers; 20 a manifold for the plurality of detection chambers; Wherein the perforations are configured to minimize the amount of leakage of air samples through the perforations of adjacent detection chambers. Advantageously, the smoke detector includes a preferred upstream of the adjacent detection chambers. Ultrasonic flow detector. The smoke detector contains an 8 200902950 wind, which is also preferred. Downstream of the chambers, and downstream of the shared squad is also preferred. The detection chambers may comprise a plurality of light sources, such as lasers. Between the equivalent chambers, it may also comprise two Perforation. 5 纟 In a specific embodiment, the air inlet and the manifold are both connected to the same side of the debt measuring chamber, so that the air sample can flow into the detecting chamber from the air inlet port in the first direction. And flowing to the exhaust member in a direction opposite to the first direction after traversing the chamber. Preferably, the air inlets are parallel to the manifold. The configuration is such that the detection chamber is The air inlet and the manifold 10 may create a circuit. In another aspect, the invention provides a device for producing particles in a (four)-air sample, the method comprising: - an outer casing comprising - an air sample population ― Air sample outlet, between σ and 卩, may define a component of the airflow path, the 15 air sample inlet is configured to be guided along the first direction - the air sample is at least one particle detector, Interaction with six gas samples between the inlet and outlet 贞 _ air sample The particles; 2〇 other along the second - for defining the air flow path member 4 comprising - directing the gas flow direction other than the direction of flow # configured to minimize the width of the housing in a first direction. Preferably, the means for defining the air flow path is in the middle of the air flow path to the portion in which the two ritual flows are reversely flowing. Aligning the two portions in the first direction is optimal. 200902950 The means for defining the airflow path preferably defines at least one substantially u-bend in the airflow path. In a preferred form, the outer casing includes a plurality of outer casing assemblies that together define the airflow path. Preferably, the outer casing includes a bottom plate defining portion and one or more removable housing assemblies detachably mounted to the chassis. In a preferred form, the at least one particle detector is incorporated into a removable housing assembly. Preferably, the air enters and exits the detachable outer 10 shell assembly in substantially different directions. Preferably, the flow path through the housing assembly comprising at least one particle detector contains one or more bends that change the direction of the gas flow. Preferably, the airflow input has a housing assembly comprising at least one particle detector that is 180 degrees out of phase with the direction from which it is output. Preferably, a removable housing assembly is detachable from the chassis and/or coupled to the chassis without separation from other components therebetween (eg, other wiring, hoses, or the like) and / or connect. Preferably, the removable housing assembly is engageable with and/or separate from the chassis by movement along or about a single axis. This movement along or about a single axis can be performed prior to the step of aligning the removable housing assembly with the 20 chassis. The apparatus includes a flow sensor for determining the flow rate of the gas stream in the gas flow path. In a preferred embodiment, the apparatus includes a plurality of air sample inlets and at least one air sample outlet, and defines a plurality of airflow paths between the air samples 10 200902950 inlets I:: individual and outlets Components. In a specific embodiment, it is preferred to incorporate a <RTIgt; The particle detection of the airflow, Ρ, 丨 彳 is also shared with the granulators of each - or more of the other airflows. These particles are provided by the «Bulk material and sharing _share first == U's operation ===!! Provide a use, - the air sample is exported ^. More health and personal samples and air samples 10 15 20 /"The population and export system are connected to the shared air volume, and the components of the airflow path between the individual and the volume of the air sample, at least one between the inlet and the outlet. a particle predator that interacts with each air sample, the coarse extractor being configured as particles in each of the gas samples of the mussel J, the particle detector comprising one for lighting two or more a plurality of volumetric shared light sources of the air samples and at least one optical debt detector for each air sample configured to be scatterable by at least a portion of the illuminated volume of each air sample a degree; the member defining a plurality of airflow paths includes perforations between adjacent airflow paths through which the shared light source illuminates one of two or more of the air samples, wherein The perforations between adjacent airflow paths are matched Into the gas flow path of the pressure difference at the perforation if the flow of air at the inlet of the sample have different pressure can be minimized adjacent. Preferably, each airflow path includes a separate flow detector. Preferably, the perforations between adjacent gas flow paths are adjacent to the sample outlet to the common volume. 11 200902950 In another aspect, the present invention provides an apparatus for detecting particles, comprising: at least one debt measuring chamber having a member for detecting particles in the chamber; at least one air inlet, For introducing an air sample to each of the detection chambers; and discharging the (equal) empty 5 secret parts from the (equal) chamber; wherein the system (4) is configured such that the air sample can be along the The direction flows from the intake air to the detection chamber and to the exhaust member in a direction opposite to the first direction after crossing the measurement chamber. The particle detecting device can include a flow detector between the air inlet and the detection chamber, and the air sample flows through the flow sensor in the first direction. Preferably, a portion of the detection chamber is formed by a chuck that can be removed from the outer casing of the device. By disposing the air inlet and the exhaust member in the same Φ' of the singularity, the detachable portion can be made to be preferably 'the outer casing and the _ chamber chuck are The complementary shape is made such that the debt chamber chuck cannot be installed to the outer casing when misaligned. It is beneficial to provide a plurality of 15 air inlets with respective chambers. Advantageously, the side chamber can include a circuit between the air inlet and the outlet to minimize the length of the flow path to the outside. Further, the detector includes a common exhaust manifold, and air in each of the detection chambers is outputted from the detection chamber into the common exhaust manifold. It is preferred to have a fan and a filter, and the position is on the opposite side of the manifold to the 20 inlets. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The invention will now be illustrated by the following figures. 1 is a perspective view of a smoke detector of the present invention; and the perspective view of the smoke maker of FIG. 2 is a cross section taken along line 12 200902950 2-2 in FIG. The cross-sectional view of the detection chamber and the viewing area of the optical detector, Figure 4 is a perspective view of the smoke detector of the first image of the detection chamber and the fan and the filter chuck removed; Figure 5 is a perspective view of the top surface of the detection chamber; Figure 6 is an exploded perspective view of the detection chamber of Figure 5; Figure 7 is a top view of the smoke detector and passing through the detection chamber and the fan and A partial cross-sectional view of the filter chuck; 10 Figure 8 is a top plan view of the fan and filter chuck; and Figure 9 is a bottom view of the fan and filter chuck of Figure 8. [Embodiment 3] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT A preferred embodiment of the present invention will now be described with respect to a smoke detector in which a plurality of detection chambers are each capable of receiving and simultaneously analyzing air samples. The principles and advantageous aspects of the present invention can be implemented in a smoke detector having any of a plurality of detection chambers, and those skilled in the art will understand how to adapt different aspects of the present invention to detectors having different number of chambers. 20 is a perspective view of a particle detecting device in the form of a smoke detector according to a preferred embodiment. The detector 100 includes three main components: a chassis 102, a detection chamber chuck 104, a fan and a fan and filter cartridge 106. Both the detection chamber chuck 104 and the fan and the overrunner chuck 106 can be removed by the chassis 102. 13 200902950 The exemplary embodiment of the illustration is capable of independently analyzing six air samples since there are six inlets 1 〇 8 for introducing air samples into the six detection chambers 1〇3 in the detection chamber chuck 104. The air samples are all discharged by the smoke detector via the shared exhaust port 11〇. 5 The smoke detector perspective view of FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view through one of the detection chambers 103 along line 2-2 of FIG. Those skilled in the art should understand that any of the six detection chambers of the tooth detector can draw the same cross section. In short, the air samples enter the inlet 10丨08 in the direction of arrow 114. Initially the air samples are flow through a flow detector 116 configured to measure the flow rate of air through the detector 116. The type of the flow detector 116 is preferably an ultrasonic flow sensor, which is disclosed in International Patent Publication No. WO 2004/102499 (titled "Improved Sensing Device and Method," ' belongs to Xtralis Pty Ltd) states that xtraHs pty Ltd also sells a series of air sampling smoke detectors under the trademark "VES〇A LaserFocus". After passing through the flow detector 116, the air sample will traverse the detection room. The assessment area 118 for smoke detection is read from 1 to 3. The exemplary embodiment described herein detects the presence of particles in the gas stream 20 by detecting the principle of forward light scattering away from the laser beam, although it may be used Backscatter geometry. In this embodiment, two laser beams 12 投射 are projected through each of the six detection chambers 103, as shown in Figure 7. Optical detector 516 The light scattered by the laser beam 12 can be detected as the air sample passes through the assessment zone 118. Figure 3 illustrates the view of the optical detector 516 (viewing 14 200902950 uea) 19 . Patent application (application 曰 and title is The method and system for particle detection are the same as in the present application. The smoke detecting function and the light source are detailed. It can be seen from Fig. 2 that the 'flow detector 116 is arranged near the inlet 1〇8, 5 of which The inlets 108 are connected such that the intake manifold is separated from the air sampling network - (not shown), which may collect air samples from different rooms or buildings. Individual flow detectors 116 and detection chambers 1〇3 can independently analyze air samples from individual locations so that the location of the smoke can be easily detected when smoke is detected. 10 Air sample passes through the assessment area The path of travel of 118 requires air to flow along the bend or loop and flow back to the side of the chassis 102 where the air enters. This can be coupled to the detection chamber 103 by both the inlet 108 and the exhaust member (described below). The same side is achieved so that the path will wrap around it, and the flow direction of the air sample will be opposite to the direction of flow indicated by arrow 丨 14. This limits the length of the assembly and allows the smoke detector to have For a compact size, one of the advantages of this configuration is that the detection chamber chuck 1〇4 can be located at the edge of the chassis, 102, while the flow path remains between the ultrasonic flow detector 116 and the manifold 122. By arranging the detection chamber chuck 104 at the edge of the chassis 102, a better seal between the components can be achieved because only the chuck 104 needs to be inserted downwards and 2〇 does not need to be locked into the sealing joint between the two components. Sealing engagement ° Referring again to FIG. 2, after traversing the assessment zone 118 of the detection chamber 1〇3, the air sample enters the common exhaust manifold 122. Exhaust manifold 122 is common to each individual detection chamber 103. Air is then drawn through the perforations 124 15 200902950 fan and filter chuck 1 () 6. Most of the air that draws the perforations 124 is discharged through the exhaust port 11 (not shown in Fig. 2), and a portion is transitioned by a clean air filter 126. Air passing through the fresh air transition 126 feeds the side chamber 1G3 and is used to provide fresh air to clean the optical surface of the side chamber chuck 5 104 as will be described in more detail below. The air pressure entering an inlet 108 can be different from the other inlets 1〇8. When air from each of the air streams enters the common manifold 122, the pressure difference between the six air streams will equal zero. As explained above, the perforations 524 are disposed between the detection 10 chambers 103 for passing the laser beam 丨2〇. Although a transparent window through which the light beam can pass can be used between adjacent two chambers, the particles tend to accumulate relatively quickly and contaminate the transparent letter, so that maintenance is required. A problem associated with the opening of the perforations between the inlets 1 and 8 is that if there is a pressure differential between the different air flows, air having a helium pressure at one end will move through the perforations to the ports of the lower air pressure 15 . We have found that by making the laser beam perforation 524 and associated detection chamber 103 in close proximity to the common manifold, the pressure differential across the gas stream perforation 524 can be minimized because the pressure at that location can be relatively equalized. difference. By configuring the ultrasonic flow detector 116 upstream of the detection chamber 1 〇 3, the flow rate of each inlet 108 can be accurately read. 20 Figure 4 illustrates the chassis 1〇2 of the smoke detector 100, which has been unloaded to the chuck 104 and the fan and filter chuck 106. It will be appreciated that the portion of the airflow passage that passes through the smoke detector is formed by the chassis 102' and is formed in part by the removable chucks 104,106. The lower surface of the chassis 102 is formed with a sequence of six cavities 302 that are designed to receive the air inlet 526 of the smoke detecting chamber card 16 200902950 disk 104 (described below). Each cavity 302 is designed to receive an insect screen of the slot 304 for preventing insects and large particulate matter from entering the assessment zone 118 of the detection chamber 1〇3. The chassis 102 is provided with 5 single receiving perforations 306 on the side of the common exhaust manifold (122 of Fig. 2) which is designed to accept the portion of the outlet perforation 528 of the detection chamber chuck 1〇4 (hereinafter Will be described). The detection chamber chuck 1〇4 is accommodating with the chassis 102 above the cavity 302, as shown in Fig. 3. Surrounding the perforations 3〇6 and the cavity 302 is a continuous surface 305 designed to accept a gasket (514 of Figure 6) to form a seal between the removable detection chamber 1〇4 and the chassis 1〇2. The surface 300 adjacent the surface 3〇5 of the table 10 is designed to accept a removable fan and filter chuck 106, and includes perforations 124 for the fan and filter chucks 1 to 6 to draw in exhaust air. . The second perforation 308 is the inlet for the fan and filter chuck 104 to enter the common exhaust port 11〇. The surface 3〇〇 is flat and is designed to accept a gasket (not shown) to provide sealing of the fan and filter chuck 1〇4 and bottom 15 disk 102. The chassis 102 also includes a pair of electrical connectors 31, 312 that are configured to electrically and electrically connect the detection chamber cartridge 4 to the fan and filter cartridge 6 respectively. They are arranged to engage when the detection chamber chuck 1〇4 is engaged with the fan and the over-clip 106 and the chassis 1G2. The detection chamber chuck 2 〇 104 and the fan and filter chuck 106 are each used to fix the wire 102 to the cam lever, ^ (shown in Figure 1). The area indicated by symbol 112 is designed to accept wiring and electronic components (not shown) of the device, and is provided with small holes 320, 322 for wiring to reach area 112. Figure 5 is a perspective view showing the top surface of the chuck 104 of the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and Figure 6 is a development view of the detecting chamber chuck i〇4. The assembly of the detection chamber chuck 104 primarily comprises the following components: a housing 500, a printed circuit board 502, a pair of lasers 504, 506, an inner gasket 508, an upper housing 510 and a lower housing 512, and an interface gasket 514. 5 Over time, the detection chamber of the particle detector 103 and its optical components (e.g., 'reflection and inspection surfaces and windows) are susceptible to contamination by accumulated particles. Especially in a dirty environment. Over time, a dirty surface that is not reflectively controlled may cause a change in the level of background light (which is an effective noise) that is received by the detector. If you make it incorrect, increasing the background level by servicing or by software may increase false alarms. Since it is difficult in the art to maintain or clean the components in a controlled and reliable manner, it is advantageous if the components can be replaced. However, replacing components requires tools, day-to-day defensive, and fairly standard technology. By providing a detachable detection chamber chuck 104', the components that are easily contaminated can be removed and analyzed, and if necessary, replaced with a new one, in which case no tools are required and as little as possible Preferably. $ In a specific implementation (not shown), a detection chamber chuck that defines a part of the chamber wall (or other surface), an optical surface that can be inspected by an optical device, but has no other components . In the preferred embodiment, the outer casing 500 is configured to accept each of the other components, and the preferred embodiment is made of Ilu to provide rigidity and electromagnetic shielding of the electronic components. As is known to those skilled in the art, other materials can be used to form the outer shell with the desired rigidity and shielding properties. The printed circuit board 502 carries the optical 18 200902950 detector 516 (shown in FIG. 3) arranged in pairs in each of the detection chambers 1〇3. Printed circuit board 502 also has connector 518 for electrically connecting detection chamber chuck 104 to chassis 102 to which the smoke detector is mounted. The pair of lasers 504 and 506 are also mounted at one end of the housing 500 and are configured to project parallel beams 120 through all six of the five detection chambers 103 along the length of the detection housing 500. The outer casing 500 is designed to accept fresh air flowing into the perforations 52 (shown in Figure 5) to ensure that the optical surface of the detection chamber 1〇3 is kept free of dust or other contamination. The printed circuit board 502 is formed with a plurality of small holes 503 for allowing fresh air to enter the detection chamber housing 500 and pass through it into the detection chamber 1〇3. The inner gasket 508 disposed above the printed circuit board 502 is designed to control the flow of fresh air through the interior of the detection chamber chuck 1〇4. Above is the upper casing 510 which defines the structure of the upper surface of the six detection chambers 1〇3 (please refer to Fig. 3) and the light dump 520 (refer to Fig. 7). The light cutoff 520 is formed by two inclined faces 525 for directing the laser beam away from the direct return path into the detection chamber 15 1〇3. The detection chambers 103 formed by the upper casing 510 each have a pair of perforations 515 through which the respective optical detectors 516 can observe the portion of the laser beam 120 that passes through the detection chamber 1〇3. In use, the perforations are kept clean with fresh air introduced into the outer casing through the perforations 521. Optical detector 516 is also viewed through a small hole 503 of printed circuit board 502. Upper housing 510 includes a wall portion 522 having perforations 524 formed therein. The wall 522 is used to distinguish the detection chamber 103, and the perforations 524 allow the beams 120 of the lasers 504, 506 to pass through the plurality of detection chambers 103 through the wall 522 without interruption, as shown in FIG. 19 200902950 The lower casing 512 has a plurality of detection chamber inlets arranged in a row and the other side of the lower casing 512 forms a plurality of corresponding detection chamber outlets 528. The air sample enters the air inlet 526 and passes through the detection chamber 1 〇 3 defined in the detection chamber chuck 1 之前 4 before exiting the price measurement chamber 10 3 via the respective exhaust port 528. The short wall 529 defining the wall of the detection chamber, which is part of the wall 522 of the previous batch 5 510, falls between the air inlet 526 and each of the air outlets 528. As can be seen from Fig. 3, the detection chamber 1〇3 is formed by the following portions: an air inlet 526, an air outlet 528, and walls 522, 529 of the chamber chuck 104. As seen in FIG. 2, the air inlet 526 and the output port 528 form a majority of the optical surface within the viewing area 9 of the optical detector 10 516. Since the surfaces are part of the detachable detection chamber chuck 1 〇 4, they can be replaced when the detection chamber is replaced. A recess 530 is provided at one end of the lower housing 512 to enable electrical connection to the connector 518 seated on the printed circuit board 502 through the housing. Near the inlet 15 port 526 and the output port 528, the outer surface of the lower casing 512 has a relatively flat portion 532 that is designed to accept the gasket 514. When the detection chamber chuck 1〇4 is mounted to the chassis 102, the gasket can be used to form a seal between the detection chamber 103 and the chassis 1〇2. The expanded view of Figures 8 and 9 illustrates the fan and filter chuck 106 of the present embodiment in a different perspective. Since the performance of the smoke detector fan 604 and the filter 6〇6 deteriorates with age and pollution, it is advantageous to provide a chuck containing such components. First, as seen in Fig. 8, the fan and filter chucks 1〇6 include a generally box-shaped outer casing 6〇〇 in which a circuit board 602, a fan 604, and a filter 20 200902950 606 are attached. Circuit board 602 and fan 604 are mounted to the surface of housing 6A via respective turns 608, 610 that provide a seal between the component and housing 600. The outer casing 600 is also provided with a cover 612. The outer casing 600 is provided with three perforations 614'616, 618 on the bottom surface for interface with the chassis 102 of the smoke detector. The first perforation 614 is an air inlet aligned with the through hole 124 of the chassis 1〇2 through which air can be drawn in by the common manifold 122 of the chassis 1〇2. The second perforation in the bottom surface of the outer casing 600 is an exhaust port 616 through which air can exit the outer casing 600. A third aperture of housing 618 provides an external path for electrically connecting circuit board 602 for electrically connecting wind 10 and filter chuck 106 to the electronic components of smoke detector 100. The outer casing 600 also provides a fresh air perforation 620 through which the filtered air can enter the fresh air input port 521 on the detection chamber chuck 104. Each of the perforations 614, 616, and 620 for conveying air is provided with a gasket (not shown) to thereby form a seal with the contact surface during use. It will be appreciated that the perforations 618 do not require a loop because no air flows through it. The fan 604 has an air inlet 628 corresponding to the inlet 614 of the outer casing 600 on the bottom surface. Fan 604 has an outlet 630. When the fan 604 is housed within the outer casing 600, its outlet 630 is generally aligned with the outlet 616 of the outer casing 6''. However, there is no seal between the two openings, so that a portion of the air drawn into the fan 604 flows into the gap in the outer casing 600. This portion of the air will flow upward through the outer casing 600 and through the fresh air filter 606 and from the outer casing through the fresh air outlet 620 and through the perforations 521 into the detection chamber chuck 1〇4. The filter 606 remains in the outer casing 600 above the fan 6〇4 and remains between the outer casing 600 and the cover 612. Since the bottom surface of the cover 612 has a textured surface (textured 21 200902950 8\1 〇 6) 632', the air path between the filter 6〇6 and the cover 612 is not damaged. The air enters the recess 634 through the textured surface 632 of the cover in the passageway before exiting the fresh air outlet 62 of the bottom surface of the outer casing 600 (shown in Figure 9). 5 When in use 'By aligning with the smoke detector 100 and pressing down with appropriate perforations, the fan and filter chuck 106 can be fitted with a smoke detector 1 such that the fan and filter chuck 106 can be coupled to the chassis The appropriate part of the contact is 1〇2. Here, the seal between the fan and filter chuck 106 and the chassis 102 and the seal between the fresh air outlet 12 and the detection chamber 10 chuck 104 can be accomplished as a single downward movement of the chassis. In addition, electrical connections between the fan and filter chuck 106 and the electronic components of the chassis 102 can also be accomplished. When in use, use lever 316 (refer to Figure 1) to keep the fan and filter chuck in contact with the chassis ι〇2. The fan and filter chuck 106 partially covers a portion of the detection chamber chuck 104. This cover portion turns on the fresh air supplied to the detection chamber chuck 1 without the need to manually connect the hose. In a preferred form, both the detection chamber chuck 104 and the fan and filter chuck 106 contain electronic components on the board, with a memory chip that records various component related data for minimizing or eliminating The technician inputs the data into the detection device to re-operate after maintenance. 20 For example, the memory of the detection chamber chuck 104 can store the following data (but not limited to): check value, serial number, number of dust, pollution rate, data related to fault or alarm conditions, and the like. Similarly, the fan and filter chuck 106 can store (but is not limited to) the following values: check value, serial number, dust and contamination rate, flow rate, and fan bearing life. 22 200902950 The detector can be configured as a I and the component is loaded into the detector and not under certain conditions and detection.
央控制器）發出故障警告，或進 ’或進入非操作模式， 賢（例如，中 例如待機模 在較佳的形式中，可將偵 測器（或啟動後)後可詢問它們， 符時， 5 式，直到採取適當的動作。 在該等债測器用作煙霧偵測器時，對於 有高度的信心。藉由已預先編程儲存於可更換組件的校驗 數值，可提高裝置已予以正確編程的信心程度。另外，在 更換組件後，於致使裝置重新投入運作之前，藉由檢查板 10上的資料，可監視或防止與老舊、損壞、不合標準、或其 他不在要求規格内（例如，操作不正確或過早失效、等等） 之組件有關的風險。 在描述於本文的較佳具體實施例中，光源為雷射光 源。不過，光源可為一或更多led或其他光源。如果使用 15 led或其他非準直光源，則可能必須使用一或更多個光學 裝置(例如，透鏡）用來t集或準直該光源所放射的光束。 應暸解，揭示及定義於本專利說明書的本發明係涵蓋 在本文及附圖提及或顯而易見的兩個或更多個別特徵的所 有替代組合。所有這些不同的組合都構成本發明的各種替 20 代方面。 【圖式簡單說明】 第1圖為本發明之一煙霧偵測器的透視圖； 第2圖的煙霧偵測器透視圖係圖示沿著第1圖中之直線 2-2繪出的橫截面； 23 200902950 第3圖圖示偵測室的橫截面圖以及光學偵測器的視見 區， 第4圖為偵測室和風扇及過濾器卡盤已卸除之第1圖煙 霧偵測器的透視圖； 5 第5圖為偵測室之頂面的透視圖； 第6圖為第5圖偵測室的展開透視圖； 第7圖圖示煙霧偵測器的上視圖以及穿過偵測室和風 扇及過濾器卡盤的部份剖視圖； 第8圖為風扇及過濾器卡盤的俯視展開圖；以及 10 第9圖為第8圖風扇及過濾器卡盤的仰視展開圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 100…煙霧偵測器 102…底盤 103…偵測室 104…偵測室卡盤 106…風扇及過濾器卡盤 108…入口 110…共用排氣口 112···區域 114…箭頭 116···流量偵測器 118…評定區 119…視見區 120…雷射光束 122…歧管 124…穿孔 126···新鮮空氣過瀘、器 300…表面 302···空腔 304…插槽 305…連續表面 306…單一接受穿孔 308…第二穿孔 310、312…電連接器 314、316…凸輪桿 320、322···小洞 500…外殼 502…印刷電路板 504、506…雷射 24 200902950 508·. 510. 512· 514. 515· 516. 518. 520. 522· 524. •内部塾圈 525".傾斜面 •上殼 526· ··偵測室進氣口 •下殼 528…偵測室出口 •界面墊圈 529…短牆 •穿孔 530··.凹槽 •光學偵測器 604…風扇 •連接器 606…過滤器 •光截止器 612…蓋體 •牆部 614、616、618…穿孔 雷射光束穿孔 25The central controller) issues a fault warning, or enters or enters the non-operation mode, for example (for example, in the standby mode, the standby mode can be inquired after the detector (or after startup), when 5, until the appropriate action is taken. When the debt detectors are used as smoke detectors, there is a high degree of confidence. By pre-programming the check values stored in the replaceable components, the device can be programmed correctly. In addition, after the components are replaced, by checking the information on the board 10, the information on the board 10 can be monitored or prevented from being old, damaged, substandard, or otherwise out of the required specifications (for example, In connection with a preferred embodiment of the invention, the light source is a laser source. However, the source may be one or more led or other sources. With a 15 led or other non-collimated source, it may be necessary to use one or more optical devices (eg, lenses) to t-collect or collimate the beam emitted by the source. The present invention disclosed and described in this specification is intended to cover all alternative combinations of two or more individual features that are mentioned or apparent in the drawings and drawings. All of these various combinations constitute various alternative aspects of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a smoke detector of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the smoke detector shown along a line 2-2 of FIG. Cross section; 23 200902950 Figure 3 shows the cross section of the detection chamber and the viewing area of the optical detector. Figure 4 shows the detection chamber and the fan and filter chuck removed. Perspective view of the detector; 5 Figure 5 is a perspective view of the top surface of the detection chamber; Figure 6 is a perspective view of the detection chamber of Figure 5; Figure 7 is a top view of the smoke detector and wearing Partial cross-sectional view of the detection chamber and fan and filter chuck; Figure 8 is a top view of the fan and filter chuck; and Figure 9 is a bottom view of the fan and filter chuck of Figure 8. [Main component symbol description] 100...smoke detector 102...chassis 103...detection Room 104...detection chamber chuck 106...fan and filter chuck 108...inlet 110...common exhaust port 112···region 114...arrow 116···flow detector 118...evaluation area 119...visual area 120...laser beam 122...manifold 124...perforation 126···fresh air passing, device 300...surface 302··cavity 304...slot 305...continuous surface 306...single accepting perforation 308...second perforation 310 312...Electrical connectors 314, 316...Cam bars 320,322···Small holes 500...Case 502...Printed circuit boards 504,506...Laser 24 200902950 508·. 510. 512· 514. 515· 516. 518 520. 522· 524. • Internal ring 525". Inclined surface•Upper casing 526···Detecting chamber air inlet• Lower casing 528...Detecting chamber outlet•Interface gasket 529...Short wall•Perforation 530·· Grooves • Optical detectors 604... Fans • Connectors 606... Filters • Light cut-offs 612... Covers • Walls 614, 616, 618... Perforated laser beam perforations 25