200902181 九、發明說明 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明大致上有關材料片之設計及精密折疊與其結構 之製造。更特別地是，本發明有關設計、製備及製造之製 程，包含、但未限於各種製備材料片之方式，以便能夠精 密折疊’及有關此製程之使用，用以將高強度、抗疲勞之 結構或組件快速由二維折疊至三維。 【先前技術】 有關彎曲材料片所常遭遇之問題係因爲彎曲公差變化 及公差錯誤之累積而難以控制該彎頭之位置。譬如，於電 子裝備用外殼之形成中，金屬片係在某些公差內沿著第一 彎曲線彎曲。然而，該第二彎頭通常係基於該第一彎頭定 位，且據此能累積該公差錯誤。既然涉及建立該電子零組 件用之框架或附件時可有三或更多彎頭，彎曲中之累積公 差錯誤之效應可爲顯著的。再者，可達成之公差將依該彎 曲裝備、及其工具套組、以及該操作員之技巧而定大幅地 變化。 對此問題之一方法業已嘗試經由切成切口或溝槽之使 用去控制彎頭於材料片中之位置。長切口及溝槽能夠很精 密地形成在原料片中，譬如藉著使用電腦數値控制（CNC )裝置，該CNC裝置控制一長切口或溝槽形成設備，諸 如一雷射、噴水、擊壓、刀刃或其他工具。 參考圖1，一材料片2 1係顯示沿著一提議彎曲線25 -6- 200902181 具有複數以端點對端點、分隔開之關係對齊之長切口或溝 槽23。於縱向鄰接之長切口或溝槽對之間者係將於片21 彎曲時塑性變形之彎曲腹板、板條或狹條27。腹板27使 該材料片結合在一起成爲單一構件。當採用未貫穿材料片 21之溝槽時，該材料片係亦藉著在每一溝槽後方之材料腹 板結合在一起。 可精密地控制溝槽或長切口 23於材料片2 1中之位置 ’以便在極接近公差內將該溝槽或長切口定位在彎曲線25 上。據此，當在切出該溝槽或長切口之製程之後彎曲材料 片2 1時，該彎頭發生在一很接近彎曲線25之位置。既然 長切口能精密地展現在一平坦材料片上，當比起藉著一折 彎機形成彎頭、並使每一隨後之彎頭係藉著參考前一彎頭 定位之製程時，該累積於此一彎曲製程中之錯誤係遠較少 〇 儘管如此，即使以切成溝槽或長切口爲基礎彎曲之材 料片仍具有其問題。首先，由於該腹板塑性變形及在腹板 2 7兩端之切開長切口之結果，於彎曲腹板或狹條2 7中之 應力係豐富且集中。對於切有溝槽，在該溝槽背側上或後 方之材料上之應力係亦豐富及很集中。如此，可在腹板27 及/或溝槽23之後方發生破壞。再者，該溝槽或長切口 不須直接沿著彎曲線2 5產生彎曲腹板2 7，且該切有溝槽 之製程係緩慢及不一致的，特別是當銑磨或點切割V字形 溝槽時。因此，切有溝槽未有普及之商業應用。 如能夠在圖1A及1 B中看出者，假如材料片21如在 200902181 23a所示切有長切口及/或如在23b所示切有溝槽，且然 後彎曲’彎曲腹板2 7 a及2 7 b將歷經塑性變形及殘留應力 。對於長切口 23a，當然材料將沿著該長切口之長度方向 完全移除或切斷。對於V字形溝槽23b，在溝槽23b及該 彎頭之凸起外面之間將有一薄腹板2 9，但其亦將塑性變形 及具有極高應力。切有V字形溝槽用之彎頭正常地將於一 關閉溝槽23b之方向中’以致該二側面彼此聚合，如圖 1B所示。圖1A及1B中具有一垂直力Fv及/或一水平力 FH之彎曲結構之負載’將使具有該變弱之長切口及/或溝 槽及該塑性變形之狹條或腹板2 7 a, 2 7 b、以及薄腹板2 9之 彎頭置於相當可觀之應力下。比起假如使用一非切成長切 口或非切成溝槽之彎曲製程，將在較低之力量程度下發生 結構之破壞。 在該先前技藝中已使用另一種用於片切割以有助於彎 曲之方案。然而’用於產生彎頭之切成長切口技術係主要 設計用以產生用於雕刻應用之視覺或裝飾效果。該視覺結 果已敘述爲“綴繡” ’且該彎頭本身已藉著樑片強化結構 。此綴繡彫刻品係至少在1 998年之前展覽於紐約現代藝 術博物館，且該片切割技術係敘述於已發表之美國專利申 請案第2002/0184936號中，其在2002年12月12日發表 (該“吉特林等人申請案”）。該彫刻品亦顯示及敘述在 2000年當代世界建築師第15頁20-35節之標題爲“辦公 室dA”之公告中。本圖示之圖2,2A及2B顯示所使用綴 繡技術之一範例。 -8 - 200902181 該辦公室dA或吉特林等人申請案之一具體實施例係 顯示在圖2中。複數長切口 31係形成在一材料片32中。 長切口 3 1係沿著一彎曲線3 3之相向兩側線性地及彼此橫 側地偏置。可看出該長切口係縱向重疊，以便界定何者將 於該重疊之長切口端點之間變成彎曲板條、腹板、狹條或 綴繡34。圖2A及2B顯不材料片32中之一長切口端 點之放大側視圖’其已沿者彎曲線3 3彎曲達9 0度，且在 該彎曲線相向兩側上之材料片部份3 5及3 6係藉著該扭曲 之狹條或“綴繡” 34互連，該狹條扭轉或綴繡於該9〇度 材料片部份3 5，3 6之間。該紐約現代藝術彫刻品博物館之 建築師g忍知該結果之彎頭結構並非很強固，且它們已局部 倂入隱藏樑片，該樑片於每一綴繡彎頭之內部頂點焊接進 入該彫刻品。 既然長切口 31係平行於彎曲線3 3，亦具有一不變或 均勻寬度尺寸之狹條34係於扭力中遍及其長度扭轉或塑 性變形’以致在一 9 0度彎頭之端點，該狹條之一背後側 面在位置37嚙合長切口 31之另外一邊上之面38。此嚙合 作用將材料片部份3 5向上舉離材料片部份3 6上之面3 8， 以及試著打開該長切口之端點40及在該長切口端點產生 另外之應力。狹條34之扭轉及在該彎頭端點之舉起作用 之結果係遍及長切口 31之長度於材料片部份35及面38 之間產生一間隙G。扭曲之狹條或綴繡3 4迫使材料片部 份35離開面38及在長切口兩端4〇施加應力（僅只顯示 一長切口端點40’但相同之應力將發生在圖2A及2B中 -9- 200902181 所示長切口 31之另一長切口端點40)。 在每一長切口 31沿著鸞曲線33之長度於該彎曲線之 相向兩側面上產生間隙G。如此，在每一長切□，強迫— 材料片部份遠離與一長切口界定面接觸，而取代被拉人與 該面接觸，且如此藉著該面作完全支撐。 再者且很重要的是，圖2之長切口架構對每一狹條34 施加應力至一很尚程度。當增加該狹條長度（該長切口 31 之端點間之重疊長度）以企圖減少來自沿著該狹條長度扭 轉之應力時，試著有彈性地拉住或夾緊一材料片部份抵住 一相向面之力量減少。反之，當狹條長度3 4係減少時， 扭轉作用於該不變寬度狹條中形成顯微裂縫，而使最終之 應力較爲升高，且該扭曲狹條之槪況係它們已施加過大應 力。這傾向於使該彎頭之強度妥協及留下一無負載之承載 彎頭。 —施加至材料片部份3 5之垂直力（於圖2B中之Fv )將立即加載已扭轉及承受應力之狹條34，且因爲有—間 隙G，該狹條將在負載之下進一步塑性變形及在該材料片 部份35係位移至與面38嚙合及支撐在面38上之前可破 壞或撕裂。在間隙G係關上及該材料片部份3 5係支撐在 該相向長切口面3 8之前，一水平力FH同樣地將傾向於壓 倒該縱向鄰接之狹條3 4 (及剪斷圖2 B中之狹條3 4 )。 圖2-2B及該吉特林等人申請案之長切口方案中之另 一固有問題係該不變之狹條寬度不能與該長切口間之距離 無關地變化’且該狹條寬度不能少於該材料之厚度，而不 -10- 200902181 會對該狹條施加極端之應力。當長切口 31係彼此平行及 縱向重疊時，根據定義，該狹條寬度必須等於長切口間之 間距或凹進距離。這限制用於結構性負載該狹條之鸞頭設 計彈性。又再者，該長切口每隔一長切口端點終止’該端 點係對齊及指向另一端點。因此’在此未企圖減少由該長 切口之端點所發生之應力增高點及顯微裂痕增生’且對齊 之長切口端點能在加載之下破裂。 因此，可爲裝飾之彎頭輕易地採用圖2-2B之片切割 架構，但其非最佳地適用於必須提供有效之結構性支撐及 疲勞阻抗之彎頭。 該吉特林等人之申請案亦教導彎曲長切口之形成（於 圖10a, 10b中），但該長切口再次平行於一曲折之彎曲線 ，以致該彎曲狹條之寬度係不變，該狹條沿著該彎曲線延 伸及平行於該彎曲線，不跨越之，該狹條係極度扭轉，該 長切口端點傾向於將顯微裂痕及應力集中引導至下一長切 口，且該申請案教導採用一長切口切縫，該切縫導致該長 切口之相向兩側在37、只在該彎頭之端點之嚙合。 長切口、溝槽、穿孔、小凹洞及劃線亦已用於各種專 利系統中當作用於彎曲材料片之基礎。譬如發給威斯特等 人之美國專利第5,225,799號使用一以切成溝槽爲基礎之 技術’以向上折疊一材料片而形成一微波浪型導件或過濾 器。於發給聖路易斯之美國專利第4,6 2 8，1 6 1號中使用劃 線及小凹洞以折疊金屬片。於發給布蘭登之美國專利第 6,2 1 0,03 7號中使用凹槽及穿孔以彎曲塑膠。在發給橫山 -11 - 200902181 之美國專利第6，1 3 2,349號及PCT公告WO 97/2422 1、及 發給格列伯等人之美國專利第3,75 6,499號與發給菲舍等 人之美國專利第3,258,380號中顯示使用切割或沖切法之 波紋狀硬紙板之彎曲。亦已藉著切成長切口而有助於厚紙 板片之彎曲，如在發給韓特之美國專利第5,692,672號、 發給伍德之美國專利第3,963，170號、及發給卡特之美國 專利第975,1 2 1號中所示。已發表之美國專利申請案第 2001/0010167 A1亦揭示一金屬彎曲技術，其涉及開口、 刻槽等及使用大力量以產生控制下之塑膠流動及減少斷裂 與起皺紋。 然而，於大部份這些先前技藝之彎曲系統中，該彎頭 形成技術大幅地減弱該最終之結構，或未能形成精密彎頭 ，或藉著壓倒該彎頭一側面上之材料發生彎曲。再者，當 切成長切口係用於這些先前技藝系統時，除了結構性減弱 及促進未來之結構性破壞點以外，該切成長切口可造成密 封一彎曲結構之製程既昂貴又困難。因此，這些先前技藝 方法係更不適於製造能夠包含一流體或可流動材料之結構 〇 當彎曲金屬片、且特別是相當厚度之金屬片時，精密 彎曲及保有強度之問題係更加重要。於很多應用中，其極 想要的是能夠用手以小力量彎曲金屬片，譬如僅只以手工 具、或以只適當供給動力之工具。當然，此厚金屬片之彎 曲引出較大之問題。 於本發明之另一論點中，有能力克服先前技藝於以切 -12- 200902181 成長切口爲基礎彎曲材料片之缺點，以消除 製造技術及其所導致結構之缺點。 一熟知用以產生硬式三維結構之先前技 自材料片及非材料片之部件切割及接合在一 夾具輔助及焊接、夾緊及黏著接合、或機械 固件以將數個離散之部件接合在一起先前業 製造硬式之三維結構。譬如於焊接之案例中 件之精密切割及以夾具輔助中；處理大量部 及機械裝置、以及多數部件之品管及驗證發 外’焊接具有由該焊接受熱影響區域所造成 形之固有問題。 具有相當材料厚度之傳統金屬焊接係通 有斜角邊緣之部件所達成，該斜角邊緣通常 單點工具所造成，這將大幅地增加該製造時 者’對於負載承受幾何形狀完全依焊接、銅 焊材料而定之接頭，受熱影響金屬之疲勞破 的。焊接點之疲勞破壞通常係藉著增加大量 零組件及該焊接點之數目及深度所補償。當 計所附帶之缺點係重量過重。 關於沿著離散零組件之各邊緣及各面黏 及非材料片，由該處理及精密定位數個部件 或夾緊在適當位置直至該接合方法完成導致. 有關三維結構之製造之另一類先前技藝 原型化法。這些包含立體平版印刷術及很多 先前技藝金屬 藝技術係將來 起之製程。以 加工及使用緊 已廣泛地用於 ，在該個別兀 件所需之勞力 生一問題。·另 之尺寸形狀變 常藉著使用具 係藉著硏磨或 間及成本。再 辞鲜接、或軟 壞係不可預測 焊接在一起之 然，此額外設 著接合材料片 及將它們固持 -問題。 技術係該快速 其他製程，其 -13- 200902181 中使用電腦輔助設計系統產生一項設計，且代表該結構之 資料用於在增加或減少材料中驅動裝備，直至該結構完成 。先前技藝之快速原型化技術係通常附加或扣除的。 有關扣除式快速原型化法之問題係它們浪費材料，其 中使用一塊能夠包含整個部件之材料，且然後需要一極昂 貴之局速機器加工中心以精確地銳削及藉著移除不想要之 材料切割該部件。 先前技藝之附加式快速原型化技術亦存在有各種問題 。特別地是大部份此等技術係充分運用於一很狹窄範圍之 材料中。此外，大部份需要一專用之製造裝置，其用於調 配與代表該部件之資料對應之材料。該附加式快速原型化 法係緩慢的、於該部件包封之比例中很有限的、及通常未 利用結構性強固之材料。 因此大致上於該先前技藝中，能夠使材料片彎曲之片 切割或溝槽已產生各種彎頭’該彎頭缺乏商業結構應用所 需之精密度及強度。如此，此先前技藝材料片彎曲技術已 主要歸類於小厚度金屬之彎曲或裝飾應用，諸如彫刻。 因此，於本發明之一槪括論點中，本發明之一重要目 的係能夠以很精密之方式彎曲材料片，且此外製成能夠支 撐可觀負載及抗疲勞破壞之彎頭。 本發明之此論點之另一目的係提供一使用改良之長切 口技術以精密彎曲材料片之方法，該方法增進該彎頭位置 之精確性、該最終結構之強度、及減少應力所致破壞。 本發明之另一目的係提供一種精密材料片彎曲製程及 -14- 200902181 一材料片，該材料片已切有彎曲用之長切口或溝槽，及能 用於順應各種厚度之材料片及各種型式之不可壓扁材料之 彎曲。 本發明之另一目的係提供一種用以切割材料片之方法 ’而用於隨後之彎曲，這可僅只使用有助於彎曲之手工具 或電動工具達成，但未企圖控制該彎頭之位置。 本發明之另一目的係能夠將材料片彎成高強度、具有 精密尺寸公差之三維結構。 本發明之另一目的係將材料片彎成能輕易及便宜地密 封之精密三維結構，如此能夠遏制流體或可流動之材料。 於本發明之一槪括論點中，有關使用以長切口爲基礎 之彎曲而增進製造及組裝技術，本發明之一目的係提供一 新型之快速原型化及先進之快速製造技術，其採用一寬廣 範圍而包含很多結構性強韌之材料，不採用異於任何現代 製造設備中所發現之專用裝備，及可按比例放大或縮小至 所使用切割製程之限制。 本發明之此論點之另一目的係在欲彎曲之材料片內提 供各種特色，這在彎曲該材料片之前及之後輔助各零組件 之精密附加對齊。 本發明之進一步目的係提供一種製造方法，其具有一 用於多數零組件之近淨形結構性鷹架之作用，該零組件係 以正確之關係彼此安排在三維空間中，如由該原來之電腦 輔助設自十設自十製程所疋義者。 本發明之進一步目的係提供一製造焊接結構之方法， -15- 200902181 其採用較少數目之分開部件，且該結構之邊緣係沿著該彎 頭之長度自行以夾具輔助，及其未彎曲邊緣提供有助於在 供焊接之製備中以夾具輔助及夾緊之特色。關於此點，本 發明之又另一目的係提供一以夾具輔助材料片供焊接之優 越方法’其強烈地減少由該焊接製程所造成之變形及尺寸 之不正確性。 本發明之又另一目的係提供一新穎之焊接接頭，其提 供可觀之負載承受特性，該特性在所有自由度中不依受熱 影響區域而定’且藉此改善該最終三維結構之負載強度及 周期性、疲勞強度兩者。 本發明之又另一目的係提供一優越之方法，其用於： 1 )減少製造一強固、硬式、尺寸精密三維結構所需 之離散部件之數目，及 2 )本質上爲想要之三維結構之各種側面提供一種定 位及夾緊方法’其可經由本發明之彎曲及未彎曲邊緣所達 成’導致一較低成本、較高產出之製造方法。 本發明之進一步目的係提供一種製造各種包含流體之 金屬、聚合物、陶瓷及合成物用鑄模之方法，其中該鑄模 係由一切有長切口、彎曲之材料片所形成，並可在該凝固 製程之後移去或留在適當位置當作該完成物體之一結構性 或表面零組件。 本發明之又另一目的係提供一材料片彎曲方法，其被 設計成適於與現存切有長切口裝置一起使用，而能夠讓原 料片以平坦或盤捲狀態運送及在一遠端位置精密彎曲，而 -16- 200902181 不需使用一折彎機，及於附件之內部中增進各表面內或表 面上之零組件之組合或安裝，該附件係在零組件固定至該 原料片之後藉著彎曲該原料片所形成。 本發明之又另一目的係提供一精密之折疊技術，其能 用以於材料片中建立準確、精密、承載折層，包含、但未 限於金屬、塑膠、及合成物。 本發明之另一目的係提供一精密之折疊技術，其允許 折疊環繞著一虛擬之彎曲線，及比習知彎曲技術需要非常 少之力量以完成該折疊。 本發明之另一目的係提供一精密之折疊技術，其本質 上可與該材料之厚度或微結構特徵無關地按線性比例縮放 〇 本發明之另一目的係形成在此所述之幾何形狀，不論 是否藉著一切成長切口 /移除製程、一切割製程、或藉著 一附加製程，及藉著任何方法達到在此所述之優點。 本發明之又另一目的係提供一精密之折疊技術，其用 以折疊一不能壓扁之材料，其中該材料之顯微結構大體上 環繞著該折層保持不變。 用於設計及精密折疊材料片之方法及個別技術、其製 造技術、及由本發明之此精密彎曲所形成之結構具有其他 有利之特色及目的，這將由執行本發明之最佳模式之所附 圖示及以下敘述變得明顯或更詳細地呈現。 【發明內容】 -17- 200902181 於本發明之一槪括論點中，最好切有長切口但可爲溝 槽之彎曲狹條界定結構係用於架構材料片中之彎曲狹條， 其造成該彎曲片於該彎頭位置具有改善之精密度及實質改 善之彎頭強度。 簡言之，於一較佳具體實施例中，一材料片係形成有 複數長切口’該長切口相對一提議彎曲線定位及架構成允 許材料片沿著該彎曲線精密地彎曲。 該縱向鄰接之長切口最好係在少於該材料片厚度尺寸 之一凹進距離處在該彎曲線之相向兩側上等距橫亙地隔開 ，以界定傾斜地延伸越過該彎曲線之彎曲狹條。該長切口 具有一少於大約0.3倍該材料片厚度尺寸之切縫尺寸，且 最好及係弓形’使得凸起側面對該彎曲線或最接近該彎曲 線，以致該狹條之寬度尺寸由該狹條之一中點、或一不變 寬度地區於兩方向中增加。該長切口亦最好包含抗破裂增 生之端點部份，以進一步減少應力破壞之可能性。 簡言之，用以精密彎曲本發明材料片之方法係包含經 過該材料片以軸向隔開關係於一方向中形成複數縱向延伸 長切口之步驟，該方向係沿著一彎曲線延伸及緊接至該彎 曲線，以於各對長切口之鄰接端點之間界定彎曲狹條或腹 板。該長切口進一步定位在該長切口相向兩側上之長切口 間之凹進距離處，該距離等於或少於該材料片之厚度。該 方法亦可包含沿著該彎曲線彎曲該材料片之步，驟，以遍及 該彎曲頭在該長切口之相向兩側上產生該材料之此增高精 密邊緣對端面之嚙合。 -18- 200902181 於一具體實施例中’藉著沿著該彎曲線縱向位移地形 成二修長形長切口達成該切有長切口之步驟，使得每一長 切口具有一長切口端點部份，該端點部份係由該彎曲線偏 離以在該彎曲線之相向兩側上提供一對鄰接之長切口部份 。該長切口界定一延伸越過該彎曲線之傾斜彎曲狹條，且 具有一於0.5至4.0倍該材料片厚度尺寸之範圍中之最小 寬度’並於離開該彎曲線之兩方向中具有一逐漸增加之寬 度。該長切口最好係弓形，及產生一邊緣與一相向面之連 續及漸進嚙合’以致該邊緣係遍及該長切口長度之一可觀 部份於彎曲期間彈性地夾緊及固定抵住該相向面，用以控 制該彎曲精密度及增進該彎曲片之強度。 於另一具體實施例中，單一長切口係設有彎曲狹條， 該狹條係架構成可將在該彎曲線遠側上之材料片拉向該長 切口 ’以於彎曲期間維持邊緣-至-面之嚙合。具有中心軸 之傾斜導向之彎曲狹條將產生此邊緣-至-面之接觸，該中 心軸交會在該彎曲線之一側面上，並相向於定位該長切口 之側面。材料片邊緣可與弓形長切口端點部份結合，以界 定此傾斜之狹條。 【實施方式】 現在將詳細參考本發明之較佳具體實施例，其範例係 說明於所附圖面中。雖然本發明將會同較佳具體實施例敘 述’其將了解它們不意欲將本發明限制於那些具體實施例 。反之’本發明係意欲涵蓋另一可供選擇者、修正及同等 -19- 200902181 項，它們可包含在本發明之精神及範圍內，如由所附申請 專利範圍所界定者。 現在參考圖3，其顯示一已按照本發明切有長切口或 溝槽之材料片之一部份。大致上於材料片5 4 1中沿著彎曲 線543標以542之弓形長切口或溝槽係形成具有相當大之 半徑（比起該材料片厚度）。弓形長切口 542最好係縱向 交錯或偏置（達一偏置距離Ο . D .，其於沿著彎曲線5 4 3且 交替位在該彎曲線5 43之相向兩側上之鄰接長切口之中心 之間所測量）。弓形長切口 5 42界定該長切口間之連接區 ’該連接區係彎曲之狹條50;及界定藉著長切口 542本 身所提供之非連接區。只有圖3右手側之長切口 542顯示 一切縫或長切口厚度，而其餘之長切口 542係槪要地顯示 或採取一藉著刀刃或沖孔模具所形成之長切口形式，且導 致零切縫寬度之一長切口。 爲了沿著彎曲線543產生材料片541之精密彎曲，長 切口 542係在彎曲線543之相向兩側上橫亙地等距隔開。 大致上’由長切口至長切口之最小橫亙距離之比率、或一 長切口 542至該彎曲線5 43之距離之兩倍係稱爲該“凹進 部位” J 。相對於本發明之設備及方法中之材料厚度，該 凹進距離J之比率將少於大約1。亦即該凹進距離J通常 係比一材料之厚度少。一更較具體實施例利用一少於〇 . 5 材料厚度之凹進距離比率。一又更佳具體實施例利用一大 約0 _ 3材料厚度之凹進距離比率，這依所使用特定材料之 特性及該狹條之寬度、及該長切口切縫尺寸而定。 -20- 200902181 彎曲狹條544之最小寬度將影響彎曲該材料片所需之 力量，且該寬度可藉著移動長切口 542更遠離該彎曲線 5 43 (增加J )或藉著縱向位移該長切口之位置（改變 O.D.)、或兩者而變化。大致上，傾斜之彎曲狹條544之 寬度最好將選擇成大於該欲彎曲材料之厚度，但可使用大 約〇 · 5至大約4倍該材料厚度範圍之最小狹條寬度。更好 ，該最小狹條寬度係於0.7及2.5倍該材料之厚度之間。 另外，應選擇長切口 542之寬度尺寸或切縫，以產生 精密之彎曲，換句話說，該長切口切縫應少於大約0.3倍 該材料片之厚度尺寸，及更好少於0.2倍該材料之厚度。 假如該切縫寬度及凹進距離係太大，在彎曲期間不會發生 長切口 542之相向兩側上之材料片間之接觸。此接觸提供 實際之彎曲支點，如下文所說明者，以致沿著彎曲線543 之彎曲係可預期及精密的。假如該狹條界定結構係未貫穿 該材料片之溝槽，該溝槽將界定傾斜、高強度之彎曲狹條 ’但於彎曲期間將不會發生邊緣-至-面接觸及滑動，除非 該溝槽於彎曲期間係深到足以穿過及變成一長切口。 假如該長切口之切縫寬度係太寬，當該彎曲材料片係 彎曲時，將不會發生該長切口之相向二側面之互相嚙合。 如有關該先前技藝切有長切口之方法所應注意者，這於負 載時將導致直接進一步對該彎曲狹條施加應力。 於縱向鄰接長切口 542之間界定該彎曲狹條544，在 本具體實施例中該彎曲狹條係顯示相對該彎曲線543傾斜 及於一交替方向中不相交。每一長切口 542具有一中心弓 -21 - 200902181 形部份546，並由該弓形長切口之一中心點5 47偏離彎曲 線5 4 3。端點部份5 4 6亦可有利地爲弓形’並有著一遠較 小之曲率半徑，這造成該長切口沿著弧形部份5 4 9往後延 伸及最後終止在一向內弧形部份5 5 1中。如在此所使用者 ，“弓形”將意指及包含一圓弧及/或一系列具有不同半 徑之縱向連接、切線弧形。 因此，其將看出該彎曲狹條544係在彎曲線543之任 一側面藉著該弧形部份546、及在該狹條之端點藉著該弓 形端點部份5 4 8所界定。一最小之狹條寬度發生於箭頭 552之弓形長切口部份546(於圖3中顯示在左手對之縱 向鄰接長切口處）。假如經過箭頭5 52在該狹條之最小寬 度處畫出垂直導向之中心線5 5 3，其應看出該中心線在大 約該最 方向中 彎曲線 連接至 條5 44 該狹條 式連接 爲 ，以示 藉著將 樣增加 對彎曲 小狹條寬度552處交接彎曲線543。狹條544於兩 由最小狹條寬度5 5 2偏離縱向狹條軸5 5 3。如此， 543 —側面上之一部份材料片554係藉著狹條544 彎曲線5 4 3相向兩側上之第二材料片部份5 5 6。狹 由該最小寬度平面552於兩方向中之漸增寬度造成 越過該彎曲線以大幅地減少壓力及增加抗疲勞之方 至個別之材料片部份5 5 4及5 5 6。 進一步說明故，狹條544a已畫上交叉平行線陰影 範該狹條沿著其中心縱向狹條軸5 5 3之漸增寬度。 一直增加狹條寬度之材料片部份5 5 4接合至藉著同 狹條寬度之材料片部份5 5 6傾向於減少應力。在相 線5 43之一斜角處定位該狹條5s4之中心縱向軸 -22- 200902181 5 5 3導致該狹條既扭轉又彎曲，而非僅只扭曲，這亦減少 該狹條中之應力。該材料片中之應力經由該狹條之連接材 料流過該彎頭。疲勞破壞之主要成因，在張力中之周期性 應力流經該扭轉及彎曲狹條及大致上平行於大半徑弧形 546及549。較小半徑弧形551及548提供一遠離546及 549之主要應力支承自由表面之平滑轉移，但本身不會歷 經大應力流。以此方式，該弓形長切口係由遠較小圓圈或 弧形接合在一起之很大圓圈之類似部份，就某觀點而言僅 只於該應力場流中定位該大半徑弧形（比起該材料厚度） ，及使用較小半徑弧形當作連結物，以使由該彎曲線進入 形成該長切口之底層平面之橫亙距離減至最小。如此，極 可能發生由顯微裂痕所造成應力之長切口端點將傾向於不 會由一長切口擴散至該彎頭下游之另一段長度。 如圖3中所示及如較佳者，狹條544C最好具有一提 供所想要狹條強度之最小寬度尺寸5 5 2，且然後於兩方向 中沿著該狹條以任何快速發散性逐漸地偏離，該發散性發 生在當該狹條終止進入該材料片部份554及5 56時。此結 構可避免在552具有一不當地狹窄之狹條腰部之問題，因 該狹條腰部將使彎曲及扭轉力量集中及產生破壞，而非使 該力量沿著該狹條之長度均勻地分佈及進入材料片部份 554 及 556 ° 長切口 542之一舌片側面5 5 5、亦即由該弓形長切口 之凹入側面所界定之底層平面部份傾向於由張力隔絕。這 使得該舌片可理想地用於切入該底層平面之定位特色。與 -23- 200902181 其他連接幾何形狀咬合之附件或對齊孔洞、或 例。圖4說明噴水切割或雷射切割、快速刺| 565在該長切口 546之舌片555上之定位。快 少係不規則的，且在其他位置可能導致破壞中 。於圖4中，顯示快速刺穿孔之另二選擇位置 孔對減少雷射或噴水切割之總成本係重要的， 刺穿係很費時及增加成本。對照之下，該長切 部側面5 4 0、亦即該底層平面延伸越過彎曲線 □ 542之凸起側面之部份係不由張力隔絕及不 快速刺穿孔用位置之好的選擇。 不像圖2,2 A及2B所說明先前技藝切割長 ’圖3之長切口材料片541係以在長切口 542 上於彎曲期間產生材料片之邊緣-至-面互相嚙 割長切口。如此’長切口 542可用一刀刃或鑄 本質上具有一零切縫，或它們能藉著雷射或噴 生，及具有一仍然產生互相嚙合之較大切縫， 材料片之厚度而定。如上面所提及，該切縫寬 大於大約0.3倍該材料之厚度，及更好少於〇 之厚度，且凹進距離；[不比大約1 · 0倍該材料 更好少於0.5倍該材料之厚度，及最好少於〇 之厚度。 於彎曲期間’假如適當地選擇相對該材料 寬度及凹進距離，如上文所提出者，該材料片 面540在長切口 542之舌片側面555上滑動或 刻槽係其範 P孔5 60及 速刺穿孔多 之破裂疲勞 。快速刺穿 因爲緩慢之 口 542之唇 543至長切 是一項當作 切口之系統 之相向兩側 合之方式切 模製成，及 水切割所產 這依欲彎曲 度最好係不 .2倍該材料 之厚度大及 .2倍該材料 厚度之切縫 之一唇部側 滑上去該長 -24- 200902181 切口之一面。如此，唇部5 40之一下方邊緣於彎曲期間在 每一長切口 542滑動上舌片555之一面。既然長切口沿著 該長度或該彎曲線交替位在彎曲線543之相向兩側面上， 及既然該長切口係橫側地定位在離開該彎曲線之等距離處 ，唇部5 40及舌片5 5 5之邊緣-至-面互相嚙合於彎曲期間 產生實際支點，這依序在一大體上與彎曲線5 4 3重疊之實 質支點產生控制下之彎曲。 在圖20中更詳細地看出一下方唇部邊緣之漸進滑動 嚙合在一舌片面上，且將隨其作相關之進一步敘述。 本發明之最有利論點之一係以一方式達成該材料之設 計及切割以形成該狹條及產生唇部及長切口舌片之邊緣-至-面嚙合，其中相較於使用習知彎曲技術彎曲或折疊至 相同角度或銳利程度之材料顯微結構中之實質改變，環繞 該彎頭或折層之材料之顯微結構係本質上不變。該狹條及 該長切口之邊緣-至-面嚙合之關係當該材料係彎曲時提供 扭轉及彎曲變形之一組合，這大幅地減少環繞該彎頭之應 力及保持該材料環繞該彎頭之顯微結構本質上不變。當使 用該先前技藝之習知彎曲技術時，假如該彎頭係製成尖銳 的，該材料環繞該彎頭之顯微結構中有一實質之變化。 長切口 542之幾何形狀能變更以容納寬廣範圍之材料 片特性。如此，當所彎曲材料片之型式變更、或其厚度改 變、或該彎頭之強度特性係作修改時，亦可改變弓形長切 口 542之幾何形狀。每一長切口之長度l能夠改變，如同 能夠其偏置距離Ο . D .，或沿著彎曲線5 4 3之縱向間隔。亦 -25- 200902181 可改變該長切口之高度H’及可變更越過該彎曲線於該彎 曲線相向兩側上之長切口間之凹進距離j。這些各種因素 將在該狹條544之幾何形狀及方位上具有一效果’這依序 亦將實現該彎頭之強度及其用於各種結構之合適性。該弓 形長切口之形狀亦可變更，而不會脫離本發明之範圍。 除了於彎曲期間由唇部540在彎曲線543之相向兩側 上之舌片555上之邊緣-至-面接觸所產生之精密度外，在 該彎曲完成處所保持之邊緣-至-面接觸具有可觀之強度優 點。如此，在譬如一90度彎頭之完成處，舌片5 5 5之面 上之唇部5 40之重疊邊緣造成唇部540支撐於該彎曲線之 相向兩側上之彎曲腹板544之間。將不只藉著該腹板544 ，但亦藉著舌片555各面上之唇部540邊緣支撐一施加至 該彎曲結構之負載。 在該彎頭端點之邊緣-至-面嚙合及支撐將大體上呈現 沿著該長切口之一側面之全長，並藉著大體上沿著該長切 口之另一邊之全長之材料。應了解假如材料片541係彎曲 或折疊達超過90度，唇部540之邊緣將舉起離開舌片555 之面’且該唇部之下邊表面將藉著舌片面之較低邊緣所支 撐。假如該材料片係彎曲達少於90度，該唇部邊緣幾乎 緊接在開始彎曲之後仍然與該舌片面形成嚙合，但僅只該 唇部邊緣嚙合該舌片面。該長切口之一側面在另一側面上 之此支撐應認爲“邊緣-至-面”嚙合及支撐，如該說明書 及該申請專利範圍中所用者。如將在下文敘述者，具有藉 著各面邊緣之完整支撐之非九十度彎曲可藉著在各種角度 -26- 200902181 切割該材料片所達成，該角度相對該材料片係不在90度 ’如有關圖20所示及更詳細說明者。 雖然彎曲狹條或腹板5 4 4具有因塑性變形所致之殘留 應力，及雖然該長切口造成該彎頭之一實質部份未在本發 明之以長切口爲基礎之彎曲系統中直接地結合在一起，形 成及定位該長切口，以便產生一邊緣-至-面之重疊，該重 疊對該彎曲結構提供勝過圖1，1A及1B及2A及2B基於 習知切成長切口或溝槽幾何形狀之結構強度之可觀額外強 度。事實上，本發明之彎曲狹條對該彎頭預先加載，以便 大體上遍及該整個彎曲製程、及在該彎頭之端點、大體上 遍及該整個長切口之長度，拉動或夾緊該長切口之側面而 形成邊緣-至-面之嚙合。藉著該狹條中之殘留張力對該彎 頭之預先加載亦傾向於防止該長切口邊緣間之震動，該邊 緣係預先加載抵住用作該長切口另一側面上之墊層之面。 再者，既然該邊緣係遍及該長切口長度之一可觀部份 與該面互相嚙合，在一彎曲片541上之力Fv及FH (圖2B )將不會壓倒或進一步塑性變形彎曲狹條 544，如圖 2,2A,2B之先前技藝切割長切口架構之情況。本彎頭之負 載係立即藉著由本發明之切有長切口技術所製成之邊緣-至-面嚙合、而非僅只藉著一扭轉及高應力狹條之橫截面 之連接區域所支撐，如圖2,2A,2B之先前技藝架構及該吉 特林等人申請案中之結果。 亦應注意的是於彎曲期間在長切口相向兩側上之材料 間之連續滑動互相嚙合沿著該長切口由該中間5 47進展朝 -27- 200902181 向該端點5 48。該長切口之一側面上之面具有墊 ，用以於彎曲期間作滑動支撐，這導致彎曲狹條 更均勻及一更少充滿應力之彎曲。本材料片切割 於較少延展性之材料片，諸如已熱處理鋁6〇61 些陶瓷合成物、塑膠及用於更厚之材料片。 如圖3所示’其較佳的是該彎曲狹條5 4 4係 心縱向狹條軸5 5 3，該軸5 5 3係與彎曲線5 4 3形 度’最好是26度或更少之一角度。該角度越小 生之扭轉分量越高，且所發生之彎曲分量越低。 角度越小，則所導致之彎曲半徑越高。未優雅地 之硬質材料、諸如硬質聚合物、硬質金屬、該更 陶瓷、及一些合成物能於該彈性變化特徵中容許 半徑。它們亦可容許一分佈遍及材料之一長狹條 扭轉彈簧作用。低角度之狹條提供兩論點。 然而，在一塑性變形材料片之彎曲結束時， 傾向於下拉唇部540之邊緣抵住舌片555之面之 變形。這導致一殘留之彈性夾力，其維持該長切 兩側上之材料間之互相嚙合。如此，欲彎曲材料 將傾向於對該重疊之材料片邊緣預先加載或使該 堅固不動地抵住該支撐面，以確保在該彎頭之強 頭之負載上減少彎曲狹條之增大應力。 於圖3中’能看出狹條5 44係於相反方向中 而’該末尾狹條於相反方向中之歪斜係不需要達 之許多優點。當材料片5 4 1係一等方性材料時， 層之作用 544 之一 技術能用 或甚至一 形成有中 成一小角 ，則所發 再者，該 塑性變形 有彈性之 一大彎曲 之扭力或 仍將保持 某一彈性 口之相向 片之彈性 邊緣向下 度及在彎 歪斜。然 成本發明 該狹條縱 -28- 200902181 向中心軸之交錯歪斜傾向於抵消應力。假如該材料片材料 係非等方性’該傾斜狹條於同一方向中之歪斜能用於使該 材料中之表明選擇次序之壓紋效應無效。另一選擇係對於 等方性材料片’狹條於同一方向中之歪斜能沿著該彎曲線 之相向兩側上之材料片部份之彎曲線產生相對位移，此位 移作用能用於與第三平面產生一鎖扣嚙合，諸如一干涉配 合’或藉著所產生之側面位移量與一突片及凹槽插入作用 產生一鎖扣嚙合。 該傾斜狹條之幾何形狀係使得它們彎曲及扭轉過一傾 向於減少狹條材料中之殘留應力之區域，其位置在該長切 口終止處或該狹條連接至該材料片之其餘部份處。如此， 減少破裂增生，並在該長切口端點減少放大開口或捲曲之 必要。假如該合成之結構主要係意欲用於靜態之負載或不 期待全然負載，在產生該傾斜狹條之弓形長切口中不需要 任何減少應力之終止操作。 本發明之片切割技術之一重要特色係彎曲材料片5 4 1 所需之彎曲工具僅只需要如此施行彎曲狹條544之彎曲及 扭轉之力量；它們不須具有充分之動力以便控制該彎頭之 位置。對於電動機械、諸如折彎機需要此控制，該折彎機 以充分力量夾緊欲彎曲之材料，以便控制該端點之位置。 然而，在本發明中，藉著一實際支點、亦即唇部540之邊 緣控制該彎頭之位置’該支點在長切口之相向兩側上繞著 舌片5 55之面樞軸旋轉。因此，所需之彎曲工具僅只需要 能施行狹條544之彎曲、而不需定位該彎頭者。這在未能 -29- 200902181 輕易可用高強度電動工具之應用中係非常重要的’例如於 外太空或於各種結構之現場製造中或在不具有此高動力裝 備之裝配者處。其亦允許用低力量之材料片彎曲裝備’諸 如波紋狀硬紙板彎曲機器、氣囊、具有折疊棒之真空彎曲 液壓拉動圓柱體、及將用於彎曲金屬片之形狀記憶彎曲材 料，如將在下文更詳細地提出者。另外於各種結構之製造 中，強固、精密之彎頭係重要的，其中因爲該結構本身之 幾何形狀，物理接近至動力彎曲裝備係不可能的。這特別 對最近需要關閉及閂扣三維結構之很少彎頭是真實的。 因此’亦爲本發明之一特色者是能對正彎曲或折疊之 材料及欲產生之結構修改該狹條界定長切口或溝槽。譬如 ’其可能憑經驗測試一給與、但不同厚度並具有弧形長切 口設計之材料片’其中該幾何形狀已稍作改變，但該設計 包含一群相關弧形幾何形狀。能對不同材料重複該製程， 且該經驗測試資料儲存於一資料庫中，由該資料庫能基於 欲彎曲材料片及其厚度之輸入取回各種設計。此製程係特 別極適用於電腦儀器，其中輸入該材料片之物理性質及該 程式由經驗測試資料之電腦資料庫有關用於彎曲該材料之 最適當弧形幾何形狀作一選擇。當該材料片係一種未儲存 有任何正確資料之材料時或當該材料片具有_未儲存有任 何正確資料之厚度時’該軟體亦可內插於可用畜料之間。 該長切口或弧形、及如此該連接狹條之設計或架構亦 可沿著一彎曲線之長度變化，以容納材料片之厚度沿著該 彎曲線中之變化。另一選擇係’能改變或修改沿著一彎曲 -30- 200902181 線之狹條架構，以容納非線性負載。雖然不如本發明之強 度及抗疲勞改善般重要，該長切口或狹條架構亦可變化， 以結合改善之強度及抗疲勞提供不同之裝飾效果。 由本發明之材料片切割系統所增生之另一優點係該結 果之彎頭或折層係在內外部兩者皆相當尖銳。尖銳之彎頭 能夠使一彎曲結構強固地接合至另一結構。如此，一折彎 機彎頭傾向於爲成爲圓形或在該彎頭具有一顯著之半徑。 當一折彎機彎曲結構係譬如接合至一平板，且施加一力量 而傾向於繞著該弓形彎頭旋轉該彎曲結構時，該彎曲結構 能夠由該平板分離。比假如該彎頭係尖銳時，此分離操作 能更輕易地發生，如源自使用本長切口切割方案之彎頭所 能造成者。 產生尖銳或捲曲彎頭或折層之能力允許本發明之製程 應用於至今爲止僅只由紙張或薄箔片所形成之各種結構， 亦即應用於紙摺飾物或折紙結構之許多技術。複雜之三維 折紙結構、及用於其建立之科學或數學業已在數世紀之努 力之後開發出來。雖然視覺優雅，此紙摺飾物結構通常不 能由一厚度大於箔片之金屬片所形成。如此，紙摺飾物折 疊片通常不能支撐大量之負載。紙摺飾物之典型範例係於 藉著Dedier Boursin於2002年由紐約州水牛城螢火蟲書 籍所發表之“先進紙摺飾物”、及藉著Kunihiko Kasahara 於2002年由紐約州紐約市Sterling公司所發表之“終極 紙摺飾物”中所提出之折紙結構。本發明如此能夠產生一 新種類之類似紙摺飾物設計，其中在此所述之切割及彎曲 -31 - 200902181 方法係替代紙摺飾物之皺摺。 本發明之材料片切割或溝槽製程產生尖銳彎頭，且甚 至允許金屬片折疊達180度或使其本身背靠背。如此，可 使用一厚度遠超過箔片厚度之金屬片製成很多結構有趣之 紙摺飾物結構，且該結果之紙摺飾物基礎結構將能夠支撐 大量負載。 另一有趣之設計及製造潛力係藉著使用有關快速原型 化及快速製造之本長切口切割架構所實現，特別是假如使 用自動化“挑取及放置”零組件組合時。快速原型化及快 速製造係廣泛地熟知及分別包含電腦輔助設計（CAD )及 電腦輔助製造（CAM )設計之使用，以便能夠作三維製造 。該設計家首先以一想要之虛擬三維結構開始。使用本發 明以便能夠快速原型化，該電腦輔助設計軟體將該三維結 構展開成二維材料片，且然後定位用以彎曲該材料片之長 切口位置’以產生想要之結構。能夠在快速製造中使用 CAM完成相同之製程。其他型式之軟體可用於實行類似之 工作。藉著選擇凹進距離及彎曲狹條寬度，精密地彎曲、 及修改該彎頭強度之能力允許該設計家在該設計製程中規 劃該展開二維材料片圖面中之長切口，這能夠在隨後之製 程中藉著切割材料片溝槽或長切口及彎曲所履行，以產生 具有或沒有附加零組件之複雜三維結構。 明顯地’其亦熟悉使用高速“挑取及放置，，自動化零 組件處理技術將零組件組裝在電子裝置用之電路板上。如 此’組裝機械手臂能由零組件供給裝置挑取零組件，且然 -32- 200902181 後將它們放置在一電路板或基板或框架上。該機械手臂使 用緊固件、軟焊插件等將該零組件固定至該基板上。此“ 挑取及放置”組件已大部份受限於將該零組件放置在一平 表面上。如此，在已完成該“挑取及放置”組裝之後，該 電路板必須放入一三維外殼中。 在零組件係固定至該外殼壁面之後，一電子外殼通常 不能折疊或彎曲成三維形狀。再者，用於彎曲之先前技術 缺乏本發明所可能有及解決零組件或結構對齊問題所必要 之精密度。因此，預先向上折疊或彎曲該外殼已限制使用 該挑取及放置機械手臂以將電子零組件固定於該外殻中之 能力。 亦應注意的是存在於長切口間之狹條可在電子應用中 有利地用作越過彎頭之傳導路徑，且當形成該三維框架時 ’或當電路板本身係折疊成一更密集之構造時，可能之精 密度允許該電路板上之傳導路徑或零組件折疊成對齊。 然而’本發明之設計及製程能夠以涉及相當低之力量 設計、切割、及然後形成精密彎頭。如此，於圖5 A - 5 E中 顯示一電子框架或外殼之形成順序。能設計及由一平坦材 料片82 1切割該零組件框架，且使用高速挑取及放置機械 手臂以迅速地將零組件，C，固定至一立方體附件之任何 或全部六壁面。該外殻或零組件框架可在完成該挑取及放 置製程之後輕易地彎曲成三維形狀。 如圖5A所示’材料片821具有在彎曲之前固定至該 材料片上之零組件C ’最好是藉著高速機械手臂技術。材 -33- 200902181 料片821係形成有複數圖3及4架構之長切口，或具有— 較不複雜架構之長切口，諸如圖6-8之長切口，這將在下 面詳細敘述。藉著雷射切割、噴水切割、沖切等產生該長 切口’而同時形成所設計切口部件8 2 2、零組件承接開口 823、突片824及支撐凸緣826、及突片承接槽827。於圖 5B中’材料片821已沿著彎曲線831彎曲，具有沿著該 彎曲線產生精密邊緣-至-面彎曲之長切口，及造成一突片 8 24向外位移。其次該材料片係於圖5 C中沿著彎曲線8 3 2 彎曲’且然後於圖5 D中沿著彎曲線8 3 3彎曲在零組件C 上方，而側面凸緣8 2 6已沿著彎曲線8 3 4彎曲。最後，框 架端點部份83 6係沿著彎曲線8 3 7向上彎曲，且突片824 係插入凹槽82 7，以致能夠環繞零組件C將材料片固定地 緊扣進入二維電子框架838中。 顯然地，於大部份案例中，複數零組件C將於彎曲之 前固定至材料片821，且零組件C亦可在各種步驟於該彎 曲製程中固定至框架83 8及固定至框架之各種表面。 圖5A-5E亦說明一基礎之設計製程，其係藉著本發明 之材料片彎曲方法所履行。支撐零組件之一最節省空間方 式之一係將它們安裝在原料片上。然而，使用習知原料片 彎曲技術不能使彎頭及錯綜複雜之交錯材料片部份拉緊。 然而，本發明之彎曲製程能做到這點，其原因是設計極正 確長切口之能力將於精密之位置產生彎頭，以致開口、切 口、凹槽、突片等將會在該彎曲結構、以及已安裝零組件 及至其他結構之接合部份中精密地對齊。 -34- 200902181 再者，彎曲線及框架或附件特色之精密規劃係僅只優 點之一部份。該結構本身能使用相當低之力量、且甚至藉 著手工具彎曲。彎曲線之精密位置及低力量彎曲之結合能 夠讓一至今爲止僅只局部實現之設計技術變可能。該技術 涉及選擇具有想要之功能及將它們定位於一想要配置空間 中之零組件。此後，一框架係譬如使用電腦輔助設計技術 設計有支撐該框架之薄片部份，該薄片部份係設計定位以 支撐該零組件所必要者。定位該彎曲線以產生該支撐材料 片部份，及該框架圖解地展開成一平坦材料片，並具有所 必要之特色及折線，如圖5 A所示。 雖然此技術已在先前敘述於C A D設計文獻、及C A D 及CAM軟體程式中’它們至今爲止未能以最簡單之設計 有效地施行，因爲金屬片之精密、低力量彎曲尙未實用。 以切成長切口爲基礎之本發明能夠使該理論之CAD* CAM設計技術之製造變實際。先前技藝CAD或CAM設計 未能在真正之材料中事先物理地實現與該理論之CAD或 CAM模型相同之準確性，譬如因爲未能保持習知之彎曲公 差。本發明所可能有之彎曲精密度強烈地增加該CAD或 CAM模型及用於彎曲材料片所能達成物理形式間之對應關 係。 再者’該彎曲不須發生在該挑取及放置或快速原型化 位置。已附著零組件之材料片能與所形成及選擇之零組件 一起運送’以用作該運送製程用之手提物品。一旦在可能 遠離該設計及切割位置之裝配位置，該框架或外殼材料片 -35- 200902181 將精密地彎曲’假如想要甚至用手彎曲，且該已彎曲之外 殻固定進入一三維結構，並具有內部及/或外部地固定至 該結構之複數選擇之零組件。 再者’三維框架及其他結構亦可在其中具有鑲板，並 藉著該狹條沿者一彎曲線附著該镶板，以於該框架或結構 中提供門口’用於定期或緊急進出至該結構內部。藉此消 除分開之門口鉸鍊組件。 使用在此所述切割材料片之長切口或溝槽技術之各種 具體實施例，可形成一極寬廣範圍之產品。不由所列舉者 限制，下文係產品之範例，其可由使用本發明之切割長切 口及溝槽方案之材料片所折疊成：撐架、橫樑、曲樑、捲 樑、樑材內之樑片、附件、多面體、間柱壁面、樑片網絡 、包裝樑片、工字樑、總狀多工字樑、機械、技藝及彫刻 作品、紙摺飾物三維結構、樂器、玩具、招牌、模組化連 接裝置、包裹、台架、保護性附件、平臺、橋、電氣附件 、射頻屏蔽附件、防電磁干擾屏蔽裝置、微波導件及導管 。此結構之數個範例係顯示在圖5 - 1 7,22-2 8及31中。 可參考圖6,7及8敘述使用本發明之切割製程及該長 切口材料片所形成之彎曲盒形樑。圖6顯示一具有二彎曲 線5 6 2及5 6 2 ’之材料片5 6 1。彎曲線5 6 2具有在彎曲線 5 62之相向兩側上之複數弓形長切口 5 6 3。較小之弓形長 切口 5 64亦定位沿著彎曲線5 62。該長切口 5 63及5 64具 有如有關圖3及4中之長切口 542所敘述及所顯示之一般 性架構，但長切口 5 64之長度係相對長切口 5 63之長度減 -36- 200902181 少’且將看出長切口 564係定位在刻槽567之頂部566, 該刻槽係提供於該材料片之邊緣568中。由長切口 563之 縱向鄰接端點部份及長切口 5 6 3與5 6 4之縱向鄰接端點部 份所界定之彎曲狹條569本質上係呈相同架構，雖然該長 切口 5 63及5 64之長度不同。在此由於弓形弧段差異將有 一些輕微之形狀差異’但彎曲狹條5 69本質上於其沿著彎 曲線562之長度之強度及抗疲勞能力將係均勻的。 長切口 5 64之配置優點之一係它們傾向於包含任何可 能發生在刻槽567頂部566之應力破裂增生。由刻槽567 所界定之各種葉片或指部571能譬如灣曲成或突出頁面達 90度之角度，或假如該結構萬一需要時彎曲至其他角度。 該中心部份5 7 2能停留於圖6所繪出材料片之平面中。 複數長切口 576及577係沿著第二彎曲線562,定位。 這些長切口比緊接第一彎曲線562所示之像弧形長切口具 有遠較緊繃之端點彎曲部份578。大致上，該緊繃彎曲端 點部份5 7 8係不如有關長切口 5 63及5 64所使用之較大兩 端未封閉部份般所想要的。雖然如此，對於不傾向於應力 破裂之易延展材料’所示用於長切口 576及577之長切口 型式係完全足夠的’且事實上亦可消除該端點部份578。 再者，長切□ 5 76及5 77間之差異係已在刻槽5 67之頂部 5 6 6使用較小之長切口。 一旦已切割長切口’材料片5 6 1能沿著彎曲線5 6 2，彎 曲’以致該葉片5 7 1能相對該中心部份5 7 2彎曲至一角度 ，諸如90度。應注意的是沿著彎曲線562及562,之長切 -37- 200902181 口將通常具有相同之形狀’亦即它們將係長切口 5 6 3及 564或長切口 5 76及5 77。其可能混合長切口之架構，但 混合匕們通吊將沒有任何利益，如圖6所示。圖6之所示 具體實施例之目的係顯示不同之長切口架構，此架構產生 控制下之邊緣-至-面彎曲及適用於按照本發明彎曲材料片 〇 可關於圖7及8敘述一彎曲盒形樑之設計及形成，其 使用如圖6平面中所示之二材料片長切口。如稍早敘述者 ，該設計將在一 CAD或CAM系統上完成，且該材料片 561中所製成之長切口與該CAD、CAM或其他系統上之設 計製程中之配置完全相同。顯示一大致上標以581之彎曲 盒形樑’其中一設計、切開及彎曲之U形材料片572a係 固定至第一設1十、切開及彎曲U形材料片572b。如將由圖 7及8看出者，該指部或葉片571&已向下折疊在該指部或 葉片5 7 1 b外側之上方。於兩案例中，該頂部5 6 6係緊接 該折線562a，563a，562b及563b。藉著允許刻槽567a之夾 角增加’而該刻槽567b之夾角於該樑片581縱向彎曲區 域5 8 2中減少’該頂部之此配置允許該材料片之彎曲。至 少於非極値之半徑中，該材料片中心部份5 7 2 a及5 7 2 b具 有一將順應彎曲沒有而不會彎曲變形之厚度。 該折疊之材料片可藉著鉚釘583或其它合適之緊固件 、黏著劑、諸如焊接及以銅鋅合金銲接之緊固技術固定在 一起。緊固件用之開口可如圖6所示預先形成在580。假 如於彎曲之即已決定或得知正確之彎曲架構，可精密地設 -38- 200902181 定該開口 5 8 0之位置，或開口 5 8 0 此後與稍後之鑽孔一起使用，以在 明確之曲率中把該二彎曲材料片接 對於不固定式彎曲盒形樑之一 工業中。難以彎曲之4041 Τ-6或 有想要之長切口配置圖，且然後提 切割之材料片中。然後於現場中形 具有由現場決定曲率之盒形樑，譬 理部份之曲率所決定。形成該盒形 裝配在該飛機之一已損壞部份外殼 係此後附著至該彎曲盒形樑之中心 葉片或指部571之彎曲可用簡 手、及現場以鉚釘固定所完成，該 用當作導引孔之預先形成孔洞5 8 孔洞係鑽入該下方折疊材料片之葉 簡單之手鑽及剪鉗，一高強度結構 棟可定製形成及定位當作一飛機之 後將該飛機之外殼緊固至該處。譬 能夠現場修理，以致該飛機能飛至 〇 當該縱向彎曲盒形樑具有一預 葉片或指部571a及571b能藉著刻 於相同之平面中彼此叉合或咬合。 口之樑材側壁。 可定位於中心位置，且 一於'現場中不固定或已 合在一起。 項應用係譬如於該航空 6061 T_6鋁係設計成具 供於如圖6所示已完成 成該材料片，以提供一 如藉著飛機之一必須修 樑之二材料片係彎曲至 之下方，且然後該外殼 部份572。 ί單之手工具、或甚至用 鉚釘固定係用於藉著使 保持該盒形樑之曲率該 片或指部。如此，以一 性404 1 Τ-6鋁製盒形 結構性零組件，用以隨 如這甚至在戰鬥狀態下 一可作耐久修理之位置 定或習知縱向曲率時， 丨槽所界定，其中該指部 這將產生平滑及沒有開 -39- 200902181 盒形樑，不論係彎曲或平直，亦能用於exoskel等人 之設計，以便提供高強度-對-重量之優點。如此，非使用 一具有其所附重量之實心樑，中空、折疊或彎曲樑可具有 對應之強度，但重量較低。假如想要時，此中空樑材也可 充滿一泡沫，包括一金屬泡沫。 如圖6-8所示，藉著沿著平直之折線562及5 63彎曲 該材料片產生一縱向彎曲盒形樑5 8 1。其亦可能藉著沿著 彎曲線切割長切口或溝槽產生縱向彎曲盒形樑。 現在翻至圖9及10’其分別顯示一已設計及切有用以 折疊之長切口或溝槽之材料片及一由該材料片製成之三維 結構。材料片6 1 1已設計成沿著縱向延伸折線6 1 2及6 1 3 切有長切口或溝槽。進一步切割之長切口及溝槽已發生在 橫亙地延伸之折線6 1 4,6 1 5，6 1 6及6 1 7。 材料片6 1 1之相向兩側面邊緣6 1 8係呈圓形，且複數 刻槽6 1 9係形成在該材料片之相向兩側邊緣中。一接合突 片或凸緣621係形成在該材料片之一端點及最好在其中具 有緊固件承接開口 622，該開口將與該材料片611之相向 端點中之開口 623對齊。如圖6所示，未具有端點部份 5?8之弓形長切口或溝槽624已沿著折線612_617定位。 應了解於其他具體實施例中所示之長切口或溝槽型式可用 在本發明之範圍內。 圖9所示材料片係設計成包住或圍繞一圓柱形構件， 諸如圖ίο所示之桿棒、支柱或圓柱631。藉著沿著折線 612-617彎曲材料片616，材料片61丨能環繞折疊以包圍 -40- 200902181 如圖1 〇所示之圓柱形構件6 3 1。該材料片之圓弓形部份 618之尺寸係設計成具有一與該圓柱631咬合之半徑。刻 槽619向上關閉及界定該刻槽之邊緣彼此緊靠著，而該折 線614-617允許該材料片環繞該圓柱631折成一方形架構 。所致之彎曲三維結構具有複數平面式鑲板63 6_639,該 鑲板提供抵住其他可輕易地附著構件或結構之表面。已折 疊之材料片611可藉著經過開口 622及623之緊固件環繞 著圓柱63 1固定在適當位置中。該溝槽或長切口 62 4之架 構造成該折疊之材料片611變成一環繞著圓柱或支柱631 之高強度、硬質結構。折疊材料片6 1 1之抵住垂直位移固 定至支柱6 3 1可爲弓形邊緣6 1 8及該支柱間之一干涉配合 、及/或使用緊固件、黏著劑、焊接、以銅鋅合金銲接等 之結果’且該組件具有很多解決結構性構件之隨後接合至 一圓柱形結構之問題之應用。圖9及1 0之範例不僅只係 一潛在之裝飾包被，其係一圓柱形及直線樣式間之結構性 過渡元件。 本發明所設計及製成之長切口或溝槽式材料片及其方 法亦可用來設計及形成波紋狀鑲板或層板組件。圖1 1及 1 2說明可使用本發明之裝置及方法設計及製成之二波紋狀 鑲板組件。於提供高強度-至-重量比時，此組件係特別有 效，且本發明之材料片折疊技術輕易地供給該波紋狀材料 片之折疊及附件突片之製備兩者。 於圖1 1中，提供能延伸經過長切口以將該波紋狀材 料片接合至該平面式材料片之附件突片，而於圖12中提 -41 - 200902181 供具有緊固件承接開口之突片。 於圖1 1中，一材料片6 4 1按照本發明之教導沿 向延伸折線642·64·7切割長切口或溝槽。此外，已沿 線643,645及647形成複數突片649。當沿著該折線 長切口或溝槽651時，於材料片641中同時切出突片 。如此，一 U形切口 652係形成於材料片641中，以 該材料片係折成圖1 1所示波紋狀態時，該突片將向 出。當發生折疊時’突片649將由該垂直面延伸在一 ，以形成該波紋’但突片649能藉著隨後之步驟由一 位置彎曲至一接近垂直之位置。 圖1 1所示折疊或波紋狀材料片6 4 1可附著至在 形成有複數長切口 65 7之第二平面式材料片656。設 切口 65 7之位置及尺寸以匹配地承接穿過該處之突片 。當材料片65 6係向下降低在波紋狀折疊材料片641 時’突片649將向上延伸穿過長切口 657。突片649 長切口 65 7干涉配合，以將各材料片固定在一起，或 649可彎曲至一水平位置或繞著—垂直軸扭轉，以將 材料片固定在一起。突片亦可向下彎曲及藉著黏 、焊接、以銅鋅合金銲接等固定至材料片656。 可自由選擇地，未顯示之第二材料片能使用突片 未顯示）附著至該已折疊或波紋狀材料片64丨之下側 突片係於切割該長切口或溝槽製程期間形成在材料片 之外。該第二材料片能以有關材料片65 6所述之方式 至該折疊波紋狀材料片6 4 1之底部。 著縱 著折 形成 649 致當 上突 角度 角度 其中 計長 649 上方 可與 突片 該二 著劑 (亦 ，該 64 1 固定 -42- 200902181 其結果係一能夠用在極多應用中之高強度、抗疲勞、 及重量輕之波紋狀鑲板或層板組件。 一類似於圖1 1之波紋狀鑲板組件能製成如有關圖1 2 之組件所示者。折疊波紋狀材料片6 6 1包含複數折線6 6 2 及複數突片663。突片663係以類似於有關突片649所述 之方式由材料片661所形成’而僅只突片663包含緊固件 承接開口 664。另外，突片663係向下折疊至一接近水平 之位置，而非向上至一接近垂直之位置，如有關突片649 所述。於該水平位置中，突片663能用於接合在其中具有 緊固件承接開口 667之第二材料片666。定位材料片666 ，以致開口 667與開口 664對齊，且使用緊固件以將該二 材料片固定在一起。如有關圖11所述，第三材料片可固 定至該波紋狀材料片666之底部，雖然該圖面未顯示在該 波紋狀材料片66 1之底部側面上之固定突片664。 如上所述，藉著採用按照本發明所形成之複數溝槽或 長切口 668 ’能再次製成一具很高強度、具有良好抗疲勞 性及重量輕之波紋狀層板或鑲板組件。 圖1 3 _ 1 7說明一能使用本發明之長切口材料片及方法 所形成之連續式波紋狀鑲板或層板之另一具體實施例。再 者’圖1 3 - 1 7之鑲板說明因能製成尖銳彎頭或折層所獲得 之強度優點，而該彎頭具有大量負載承受能力。又再者， 圖13_17之具體實施例說明突片之使用，以將一折疊之材 料片連結成一高強度之三維結構。 开多成波紋狀鑲板或層板之先前技藝技術通常遭受未能 -43- 200902181 完成弦板材料對全部鑲板材料之一想要高程度或百分比之 問題。大致上，該腹板製作之目的係爲了以完成該工作所 必需之最小腹板質量分開該弦板。I型樑係呈輾壓或焊接 樣式，且使用相對於它們之間之連接腹板較厚之頂部及底 部弦板。本發明能夠使一類提供用於寬廣設計彈性之波紋 狀結構建立硬質、強固、重量低之結構，該結構可由以輕 巧盤捲形式運送之連續式捲材製成，及輕易地在現場形成 。該可行具體實施例之連結本質避免在各角落之焊接，在 此焊接係特別易於遭受破壞。 材料片721已使用本發明切有長切口及在彎曲或折疊 之前於一平坦狀態中顯示在圖1 3。如將看出者，複數大體 上平行之彎曲線722具有一交錯弓形長切口 723之圖樣， 該長切口定位在該彎曲線之相向兩側上，以傾斜地界定於 相反方向中歪斜之延伸狹條。長切口 7 2 3能採取圖1 6所 最佳看出之樣式。亦形成於材料片721中者係由該長切口 723之舌片部份向外延伸之複數突片724及複數像鍵孔之 開口 。開口 725係呈對齊關係地定位至突片724。 於圖16中，將看出突片724由長切口 723延伸越過 彎曲線722。因此突片724係長切口 723之舌片側面之延 伸部份。鍵孔開口 725係一於該長切口 723舌片側面中之 切口或負向突片，並設計其架構尺寸以承接突片724。爲 了防止突片724之頸邰由該長切口之相向兩側上之向上位 移面所妨礙，一刻槽7 3 0係提供於該長切口 7 2 3之唇部側 面中。如此’ 725及73 0之整個區域係切開及掉落外面或 44 - 200902181 係由該材料片移除，以致突片724可插入刻槽725/730。 於圖14中，圖13之平坦材料片721已折疊成—連續 之波紋狀鑲板或層板726。鑲板726包含腹板部份727及 弦板部份7 2 8。如將會在鑲板7 2 6中看出者，弦板7 2 8係 在該鑲板之上下兩側面上遍及該鑲板之全長呈端對端鄰接 之關係，以提供連續之層板或弦板表面。此結構譬如於彎 曲中遍及鑲板提供大幅地增進強度之鑲板726，其中所有 橫亙腹板係未藉著該鑲板之頂部及底部側面上之弦板所接 合。該層板或鑲板能藉著增加一額外之材料片（未示出） 進一步強化，這將進一步改善該弦板材料質量對該整個層 板或鑲板質量之比率，用於優越之強度/硬度-對-重量之 比率。 圖15更詳細地說明用於鑲板726之彎曲或折疊方案 。例如以端點凸緣729開始，腹板727a能在彎曲線722a 向下及向後彎曲直至該鑲板之一下側面。然後材料片721 係在彎曲線722b向前彎曲及弦板728a在鑲板平行於凸緣 729之一縱向方向中延伸。在彎曲線722c，腹板727b係 彎曲至朝上及朝後延伸至彎曲線722a，在此點該弦板 72 8b係彎曲向前及延伸至彎曲線722b。然後腹板727係 在彎曲線722d朝後彎曲至彎曲線722c。該彎曲持續沿著 鑲板726之長度，以致產生一折疊之波紋狀鑲板，其中在 藉著連接腹板分開之鑲板之頂部及底部兩者上有複數端點 對端點之弦板。對於一高強度-對-重量比率，該鑲板中之 弦板材料質量對該鑲板總質量係相當高。 -45- 200902181 使用本發明之切割製程將一材料片721折叠成 捲曲折層之能力允許該腹板7 2 7及弦板7 2 8間之頂 變得相當尖銳及以緊密、鄰接之關係定位。如所 13-17之鑲板具有等長之腹板及弦板，並建立等邊 ，其中每一頂部係大約1 2 0度。如將了解者，同樣 許多其他起皺幾何形狀。 雖然有極多可將折疊鑲板726固定於三維架構 式’一較佳方法係採用於該彎曲長切口之形成期間 料片721之突片724及咬合鍵孔開口 725。 譬如，藉著該突片之雷射或噴水切割提供突片 以在長切口舌片之外由凸緣729延伸進入腹板727a 板727a係往下及向後彎曲至彎曲線722b時，突戶 保持於凸緣729之水平面中。如於圖16最佳看出 切入弦板72 8b及與突片724a對齊之咬合開口 725 突片724a定位於開口 725中。假如每一突片724 放大頭部或端點734，該突片將鎖上或藉著其咬 725所捉住，盡管一線鋸元件能捉住或與一鄰接元 。此連結作用抗拒該突片由該鑲板之頂部及底部平 咬合開口之分離。該突片及開口之尺寸不需要、且 要設計成產生一干涉配合。 突片724及開口 725之連結亦沿著該鑲板726 側面發生，且其結果係以如圖1 4所示形式緊固該 鑲板，甚至沒有額外之緊固技術，諸如亦能選擇性 之黏接劑、焊接、以銅鋅合金銲接等。 尖銳或 部73 1 示，圖 三角形 可能有 中之方 切成材 724a， 。當腹 t 724a 者，一 將允許 具有一 合開口 件連結 面中之 最好不 之底部 折疊之 地使用 -46 - 200902181 於圖17中，圖示地顯示圖13-16之 曲製程，而應用於一圓柱形構件74 1之形 742及弦板743係形成繞著彎曲線，且選 置，以致在該內徑744上之弦板長度係比 徑746上之弦板較短。突片及咬合開口可 結構中鎖上該弦板及腹板，這依該材料， 74 1之半徑而定。該最終之圓柱形結構能 輕、高強度之圓柱或支柱。 於本發明之大部份具體實施例中，及 片具有一可觀厚度之具體實施例中，彎曲 造成該長切口之唇部開始在該正確之方向 切口相向兩側上之舌片之面。然而，當該 及該長切口之切縫係小或零時，該長切口 份將偶爾於錯誤之方向中移動，及藉此施 爲了補救此問題，其可能使該長切口之舌 可預期之適當彎曲之方向中偏向。此解決 1 8及1 9中。 一材料片6 8 1係使用本發明之設計及 形成用於繞著彎曲線682之一平面彎曲。 683，其界定舌片684’該舌片將於繞著彎 材料片期間沿著相向面滑動。 於圖19中’可看出材料片681事實 向中繞著彎曲線682彎曲，如由箭頭687 片684係往下位移，唇部68 9之下緣或角 材料片切割及彎 成。再者，腹板 擇該彎曲線之位 圓柱體741之外 用來於想要之架 之厚度及圓柱體 譬如用作一重量 特別是那些材料 之開始將自動地 中滑動抵住該長 材料片係相當薄 材料片之突片部 行該精密彎曲。 片部份於一產生 方法係顯不在圖 材料片切割技術 形成弓形長切口 曲線682彎曲該 上係於一往下方 所指示。因爲舌 落688將捲起及 -47- 200902181 以一將沿著面690產生邊緣688之滑動之方式嚙合舌片之 面690。在彎曲線682之每一側面上之邊緣688將向上地 位移以滑動在該往下預先設定舌片684上，以致於彎曲製 程期間繞著彎曲線6 8 2之彎曲如所預料地沿著該舌片之面 於想要之方向中產生該邊緣之滑動。 當材料片68 1係譬如使用一沖壓製程形成用於彎曲時 ，並在該沖壓製程中用一刀刃形成長切口 683，該沖壓模 亦可使舌片6 8 4於一往下方向中在彎曲線之側面上塑性變 形。於彎曲期間將發生邊緣688於該適當之方向中沿著面 690之可預期滑動，以致該彎曲線之相向兩側上之實際支 點將沿著與彎曲線6 82對齊之虛擬支點產生精密之彎曲。 該位移之舌片亦將提示一操作員在該適當之方向中彎曲。 雖然本發明之很多應用將稱爲90度彎頭，一些應用 將稱爲在其他角度之彎頭。本發明之裝置及方法可配合此 彎頭，而仍然維持完全邊緣-至-面接觸之優點。於圖20中 ，說明一大約75度之彎頭。 如所示，一材料片691係形成有一長切口 692，該長 切口在相對材料片691平面之一大約75度角度α處切割 。（在彎曲線693另一側面上之一對應長切口亦在75度 處切割’但於該相反方向中歪斜’且爲了說明之簡明故未 顯不）。當往下彎曲時’唇部695之下緣694捲折在舌片 697之面696上及滑動上該面696。一旦該彎曲抵達1〇5 度、或該長切口角度α之互補角度，該材料片緊接邊緣 694之下表面698將與該舌片之面696共平面及均勻地支 -48- 200902181 撐在面696上。 今天，具有能夠切割塑膠及金屬兩者之動力之最商業 化雷射切割器係用於生產材料片。然而，滾動供給式雷射 切割裝備係已市售，但此今日存在之裝備不會使該切割材 料滾回成一捲材。如此，捲帶式雷射切割裝備係尙未被使 用或市售。 就本發明之情況而言，與一盤捲機構結合之滾動供給 式切割之優點係能夠在CAD中設計、切割很大或很複雜 、富含資訊之結構，且然後這些預先建造之結構能再繞成 一輕巧形式。一旦於該盤捲、輕巧之形式中，它們可譬如 更方便地運送在一平台式卡車或軌條車上或發射進入外太 空。當抵達使用位置時，該材料係展開及沿著所示彎曲線 彎曲或折疊，且由切成該金屬或塑膠材料片之弓形長切口 及傾斜之狹條所結構性支撐。 本發明之材料片切割或溝槽裝置及方法可用至少三種 方式倂入一捲帶式製程中。遍及工業可廣泛應用者係很多 種類之平台式雷射切割器。該第一方式使用一在平台式雷 射切割器之一端點上之捲材、於該中間之雷射切割器、及 用以再形成一捲局部切割材料之捲繞滾筒。該材料係用手 推進經過該系統’且栓銷或邊緣刻槽自動計數部件係切成 該變平材料片。該材料片係於X及γ兩軸中藉著物理性 會合該切割部件與一附著至該雷射切割器平台之夾具對齊 。以此方式’能發生包含本發明之長切口輔助彎曲部件之 對齊之分段式推進。其新穎處係結合該自動計數系統與該 -49- 200902181 材料之展開及盤捲-隨同本發明之切割彎曲產生部 用’而ft·夠以低力墓製成精密地定位、高強度彎曲 之結構。 第一方式係使用一動力展開、停止、切割及動 成之熟知技術推進一捲材經過一雷射切割器。 弟一'方式係顯不在圖21中。其採用一没有展 繞成兩者之平滑、連續式腹板運送。材料片7〇 i係 盤管702展開，且控制該CNC切割器7〇3之動作 光學裝置以補償材料70 1之滾動狀態。CNC切割器 爲一雷射切割器或一噴水式切割器，且形成及控制 器以將想要之長切口圖樣切成材料片7〇丨。在切割 材料片7 0 1係纏繞於盤管7 〇 4上。 既然盤捲之原料片通常將具有—盤捲形狀之捲 展開捲材702之後使用一矯平步驟或矯平裝置7〇6 選擇。原料片701可藉著壓帶滾輪707及在盤管 7 〇 4及另外在滾輪7 1 0之驅動馬達驅動經過該生產顏 先前未使用捲帶式處理之一理由係該切口部件 或輪廓傾向於連結’且如連續層之裂口係捲繞在盤 上’特別是當本發明之低力量、長切口輔助式彎曲 夠製成一可折疊之突片或折邊時。再繞成材料7〇1 作用將傾向於造成該切割突片或折邊切線地延伸至 盤管。二方法能用於處理此問題。一方法係使用與 一捲金屬及其他硬質材料結合之薄、易移除之垂下 該材料具有本發明之這些低力量折疊特色，且傾向 件之應 或折疊 力再繞 開及再 由供給 及/或 703可 該切割 之後， 曲，在 係另一 702及 ζ ° 之邊緣 管 704 部件能 之真正 該捲繞 再繞成 突片， 於由該 -50- 200902181 再繞成盤管切線地延伸。第二方法係顯示在圖25中，亦 即同時將一聚合物腹板708捲繞在盤管704上。腹板708 應係堅硬及不易刺穿、又標準厚度爲薄的。聚丙烯及聚乙 烯係僅只二有用之範例。 一項用於增加捲帶式處理系統之產量之技術係使用具 有複數雷射光束之雷射切割器703，用以切割本發明之長 切口輔助、低力量彎曲部件。諸如圖12所示之可折疊盒 形樑需要數個安排成平行於該盤管捲繞方向而繞著一想要 之彎曲線之彎曲輔助弓形長切口。譬如機械式連結在一起 之複數纖維雷射能同時產生所有平行之彎頭，且該雷射之 動作控制器係與單一動作控制器接合之單一機械系統，而 設有獨立之動作致動系統及動作控制器之其他雷射能產生 所有其他之切割部件，諸如該刻槽之邊緣。 上面所述三種捲帶式處理系統之方法及設備，結合本 發明之低彎曲力量、高強度彎曲部件能夠在以盤捲形式輕 巧儲藏或運送之後，於何時何地需要它們時盤捲地形成一 種類之產品，其隨後展開及折疊成給人深刻印象之結構性 完整無缺之決定性尺寸，該產品係由樑材、至梯子、至建 築間柱及托樑系統。此技術已應用於太空、軍事、商業及 住宅結構、及許多其他工業中，在此當零件業已於一組裝 狀態時，該成本及至一現場位置取材之努力係價格非常昂 貴及困難的。 圖2 1之捲帶式生產線亦可選擇性地包含一對硬質加 工之模切機709。使用公及母沖壓形狀以沖壓出該弓形長 -51 - 200902181 切口及使部件脫落’該模切機亦可爲平板及應用增量式材 料處理技術’但最好它們係硬質加工之旋轉鑄模7 0 9。 製造盤捲纏繞設計折疊結構之CNC切割方式之優點 係該不重複之特色係輕易地程式設計進入該切割製程。不 論是間歇或連續式，該硬質加工沖壓或旋轉沖切方式之優 點係可有效率地造成該重複特色、特別是該弓形長切口。 使用C N C切割結合該硬質加工沖壓/模切以產生一 同軸系統，使得兩形成步驟位於該製程之展開及再繞成步 驟之間，則最大產量及彈性之最大利益可爲合理的。於該 結合系統中，諸如圖2 1所示，每一成形工具之自身優點 起作用。 圖2 1說明一能用於形成三維結構之方法，其特別用 在遠離該結構係切有長切口及/或於彎曲之前局部組裝之 位置。一項特別感興趣之應用係於外太空製造三維結構。 目前此結構係由三維模組在外太空組裝；它們大致上係未 真正地在外太空製造。太空組裝之問題係該模組於軌條太 空飛行器之荷載中需要一不想要之體積大小。至今爲止， 於外太空中裝配之一問題係形成高強度、三維結構所需之 工具業已價格非常高及笨重的。於太空中組裝之另一問題 可能與高零件總數及高緊固件總數有關。一方面，笨重而 接近完成之模組業已發射及繫緊在一起。在另一方面，至 今爲止’未組裝模組之密集包裝已導致一高零件總數及高 緊固件總數。 材料片70 1之一盤管704可設計及在複數彎曲線上設 -52- 200902181 有長切口或溝槽。如應了解者，盤管704係一用於運送材 料片之極小巧架構。材料片7 0 1將在一具有無限製造裝備 之地面商店處例如使用圖20之捲帶式生產線形成有長切 口、開口及突片、以及其他想要之結構性特色。其次藉著 一太空飛行器將該盤捲材料片運送至一外太空位置。然後 材料片701能由盤管704展開，及在展開之同時或其後該 材料片能使用手工具或普通電動工具製造成三維結構。此 製造係藉著沿著該彎曲線彎曲該材料片、及藉著將突片彎 曲成咬合、標示或自動記錄之開口所完成，以便將該材料 片鎖定於諸如樑材3 5 0之三維結構中。該樑材能夠依序接 合至其他結構，以產生複雜之三維空間結構及住所。當使 用本發明之材料片彎曲長切口架構時，在長切口之型式下 所產生之每一彎頭最好將包含該材料片之邊緣·至-面支撐 ，這將造成該彎頭能夠承受可觀之負載。 本發明之切割長切口及溝槽之方法及設備確保該材料 片之相向邊緣及開口及突片之精密定位，以便能夠封閉結 構。假如欲形成之結構需要防水及使用長切口，由該長切 口所產生之彎頭可用黏接劑充滿或以別的方式充滿，譬如 藉著焊接或以銅鋅合金銲接。其亦可能的是提供異於突片 及凹槽之極多型式之封閉架構或繫緊設計，包含沿著該材 料片之鄰接邊緣焊接及重疊該材料片之一邊緣與一側壁及 使用緊固件。 圖22A-22G顯示盒形樑之另一形式，其說明本發明之 設備及製程之彈性，亦即一交叉或自撐式盒形樑。 • 53 - 200902181 材料片8 0 1係顯不在圖2 2 A中’如沿著彎曲線8 〇 2及 803所切割。此外’提供複數橫亙長切口 8〇4，該長切口 將用於提供樑材十字撐條片部份806。以圖22B-22G之順 序顯示材料片801之彎曲成一十字撐條盒形樑8〇7 (圖 22G )。 首先’具有該十字撐條片部份806之材料片之側面能 彎曲至圖2 2 Β之位置。其次’該材料片係沿著彎曲線8 〇 3 彎曲’以產生圖22C之十字撐條8〇6。然後材料片8〇1係 繞者彎曲線802a彎曲至圖22D之位置。該材料片係於圖 22E及22F中繞著彎曲線802b及802c彎曲，且最後側面 凸緣805係向上彎曲及該材料片繞著彎曲線802d彎曲， 以產生圖22G之樑材8 07。諸如鉚釘或螺絲之緊固件能放 入開口 8 0 8及809 (其以對齊記錄之關係形成於材料片 801中），並可用於將側面凸緣805固定至該盒形樑之其 餘部份，以產生一將不會彎曲或展開之結構。吾人將看見 樑材807在其中心設有或獲得一沿著該樑材延伸之X形交 叉之樑片列陣’以對其給與實質增進之強度。因此一極高 強度對重量、內部撐緊盒形樑可使用本發明之製程由單一 材料片所設計及形成。 當作一能加至很多使用本發明之設備及方法所形成之 不同結構之選擇性步驟，保護性角落或護脛板8 1 0 (圖 22G)能附著在彎曲角落8〇2上方，以施行一平滑及/或 裝飾之角落處理。如此，L形護脛板810能如箭頭820所 示加至樑材807，且例如藉著黏接劑或緊固件固定在適當 -54- 200902181 位置。護脛板810可爲金屬、塑膠或甚至具反 生裝飾效果，以及提供撞擊保護、使該角落彎 /或密封或裝入該角落彎頭。護脛板810可甚 樑材或其他三維結構。附著之護脛板能輔助負 該彎頭。 於圖22A-22G之交叉撐緊盒形樑807中， 材料片部份806係彎曲至一 “ X形”架構，且 設在該已折疊之樑材內，以提供內部之支柱。 中撐緊具有鄰接壁面之結構之另一方式係採用 片部份。 圖23 A-23E說明於另一盒形樑中之外擺式 ’其亦具有一減輕重量之切口型式。於圖23 A 8 1 1已使用本發明以複數彎曲線8 1 2切有長切 8 1 1尙已切割或沖壓有切口或減輕重量之開口 ’爲了提供該樑材之已折疊壁面之撐條，已提 著1彎曲線8 1 5彎曲之外擺式材料片部份8 1 4。 於圖23 B中，外擺部份8 1 4已圍繞彎曲線 擺出材料片811之平面，而於圖23C中，該材 邊緣816已圍繞彎曲線812彎曲至一垂直方位 中’材料片8 1 1之一側壁部份8 1 7業已又彎曲 頭8 1 2，及於圖2 3 E中’另一側壁部份8 1 7已 另一彎曲線8 1 2以完成該盒形樑8 1 8。 該最後之彎曲步驟，亦即由圖23D之架 23E之架構，造成邊緣部份816重疊及造成外 射性，以產 頭變平滑及 至圍繞著該 載傳送越過 該交叉撐緊 然後獲得或 於不同平面 外擺式材料 撐條之使用 中，材料片 口。材料片 813 。另外 供複數能繞 8 1 5折疊或 料片之外側 。於圖2 3 D 環繞著一彎 彎曲環繞著 構彎曲至圖 擺部份8 1 4 -55- 200902181 重疊。邊緣8 1 6及外擺部份8 1 4能設有緊固件承接開口 819，當採用本發明之邊緣-至-面彎曲技術時，由於可能之 高精密或準確度，該開口當該樑材係折疊至圖2 3 E之狀態 將變得對齊或重疊。如此，諸如鉚釘或螺絲之未顯示緊固 件能插入開口 8 1 9，以將邊緣8 1 6固定在一起抵住樑材 8 1 9之展開’及將外擺部份8 1 4固定在一起以提供該樑材 之互相垂直壁面間之支撐，以及越過該樑材之支撐。如將 變得明顯者’該支撐外擺部份之數目可由該說明具體實施 例所示之數目增加，及使用外擺部份以支撐不同平面中之 鄰接壁面已應用在異於盒形樑之很多結構。 現在翻至圖2 4及2 5，其可說明由本發明所能夠施行 之低力量材料片彎曲之優點。於圖24中顯示一材料片841 ’其已沿著彎曲線以上面所述之方式形成有複數弓形長切 口 842。盒子843由材料片841之形成可使用低力量技術 輕易地完成。 材料片843能放置於鑄模846中之開口 844上方，且 該盒子之四側面847同時彎曲至直立位置。能使用一致動 器驅動之柱塞8 4 8或一真空源’接合該真空源以經由所使 用之導管849將一真空施加至鑄模846。幾乎沒有或不需 將材料片841夾緊至鑄模846 ;僅只定位材料片841，以 致該彎曲線係與該鑄模中之開口 844呈咬合關係。這能譬 如藉著在該鑄模之頂部表面緊接該開口 844角落提供指示 栓銷（未示出）所完成。該指示栓銷將在該材料片8 4丨之 各側面8 4 7間之頂部嚙合材料片8 4 4。 -56- 200902181 依欲彎曲之材料及其厚度而定，一在導管849之負壓 將足以向下拉材料片84 1進入該鑄模及藉此向上彎曲側面 847 ’或用於更厚材料片及較強固之材料，亦可使用或需 要柱塞8 4 8以施行彎曲。 盒子843可譬如用作小電路板用之電磁屏蔽，諸如通 常在手提式行動電話中所發現者，而業已藉著漸進式鑄模 沖壓之先則技藝技術所造成。漸進式鑄模沖壓之優點係可 達成充分之精密度’且其適用於低成本、大量生產。然而 ’隨著面對該市場產品中之快速變化，新的屏蔽設計需要 時常更換該硬質加工工具。這在該產品使用壽命之進展末 端是特別有問題’在此於選擇該最後設計之前發生很多變 化。依靠硬質加工工具之另一困難點係必須等待至該硬質 加工工具係可用時才可猛衝至滿載生產。這可能長達八週 ’而這於一具有快速設計變化及短產品使用壽命之市場中 是很昂貴的。具有該漸進式鑄模沖壓之又另一問題係必須 處理用於診斷或修理之下方零組件之可接近性。假如一批 晶片之相當大分量係有缺點及可能需要修理，採用一具有 低側面輪廓防擾籬笆之兩件式電磁屏蔽單元、軟焊至該電 路、及用一“鞋盒蓋子”以干涉配合遮蔽之。此缺點係該 下方之籬笆將一些水平之“不動產”取離該電路板，且二 元件之製造總是比一元件更昂貴。另一先前技藝之可接近 性之解決方法係使用一排於該屏蔽蓋中之圓形穿孔之方法 ，該屏蔽蓋能分開以允許該蓋子之一區域沿著一側面向上 以鉸鏈接合。此穿孔式門件之方法造成一些電磁漏損之可 -57- 200902181 能性，且其難以切割及再密封該蓋子。 圖24之盒子843顯示一對前述問題使用本發明之技 術之解決方法。使用弓形長切口輔助彎曲方法所製成之電 磁屏蔽可迅速地原型化，而不需使用一設計用CAD系統 及一諸如雷射切割器之CNC切割製程作硬質加工。折疊 至所需形狀能用圖24之手工具或製造裝備輕易地完成。 藉著雷射切割進入該標記所需之最初生產量，該猛衝至滿 載生產可立即達成。可於該猛衝階段期間製造較低成本沖 壓工具以沖壓成形用於所揭示幾何圖形所需之偏向舌片-突片，該猛衝階段最初係藉著一 CNC切割解決方法所供 給。以此方式，設計之成本、猛衝、及生產能相對於等候 製成漸進式模腔鑄模之現行實例降低。 本發明之另一優點係該內建用於維護在其內零件之檢 修門件。藉著分開由環繞屏蔽8U三側面之長切口 842所 界定之狹條及已事先銲接該低側面輪廓長方形盒子8 4 3之 邊緣850至該電路板，該盒子843之鑲板840能靠鉸鍊轉 動90度，以允許暫時地維護進出。當修理完成時，該蓋 子或鑲板84〇可再次關上及再次軟焊在該角落。大部份適 用於電磁屏蔽之金屬合金將以此方式在該鉸鍊式狹條故障 之前允許用於八或更多個進出口。 於圖25中顯不一系列步驟，其中一根據本發明已切 有長切口之材料片能使用氣壓式囊袋或真空夾具砰然 放入一盒子。 在圖25順序之左側以一平坦形式顯示材料片861。材 -58- 200902181 料片861事實上係二完全相同之材料片，其已在該材料片 側面8 63之外部邊緣於彎曲線826接合在一起，如當形成 該盒子時將變得明顯者。材料片861能夠在所示大體上平 坦狀態中運送於該順序之左邊端點，且然後在該使用位置 ’砰然放入在該順序之右側所示之三維盒子8 6 5。能使用 氣壓或液壓裝置輕易地完成該盒子865之現場成形，因爲 該材料片8 6 1之彎曲僅只需要彎曲該傾斜之彎曲狹條所需 之最小力量。 一彎曲技術將採用吸力或真空夾具864，其如箭頭 866所指示向下移動至與材料片861之一平面式中心材料 片部份867形成接觸。一真空係施加至吸力夾具864，且 然後移動分開該夾具，如箭頭868所示，直至盒子865係 完全膨脹，如在圖2 5之右手側所示。 另一方式係將一可膨脹囊袋869插入該稍微膨脹之盒 子’如箭頭8·71所示。能在運送之前或於現場完成此插入 。然後氣壓或液壓地膨脹囊袋869，且該盒子逐漸地膨脹 或彎曲直至在圖25之右手側所示之狀態。 盒子865可固定於圖25之右手側所示之架構中，譬 如藉著焊接、以銅鋅合金銲接、或在角落8 7 2黏著固定側 面鑲板8 6 3。 本發明之高精密彎曲或折疊製程之另一優點係該幾何 形狀之資訊可在製造該低力量、高精密彎曲結構之同時嵌 進該平面式材料中。此資訊可用很低成本正確及如所預料 地傳送進入一預期之三維空間關係。 -59- 200902181 於過去’符號及幾何形狀之習俗已用於傳達關於結構 組裝之訊息。本發明之一論點係該彎曲或折疊指令可同時 加至以彎曲長切口或溝槽所形成材料片之平坦零件。另一 選擇係折疊指令可經由諸如印刷、貼標籤、或加標籤之第 二製程加至該平坦零件。另外’可用平坦形式嵌進資訊， 其意欲指示類似精密彎曲結構之組裝製程或來自未折疊先 前技藝及未來技藝製造方法之零件之毗連。 譬如，一連續式預先建造壁面結構可由折疊成具有上 折間柱之頂部及底部托樑之單一材料片所形成。全部預期 之窗戶、門口及電器盒能如物理之幾何形狀資訊般嵌進該 平坦零件中’用於隨後折疊及組裝進入該建築物。可建立 一慣例’即該結構中之一圓形孔係指示將稍後以螺紋貫穿 該孔之電導管。一圓形角落之方孔可指示應通過該壁面之 熱水銅管。以此方式，該特色係不僅只位於該平坦部份中 ’同時其可很正確地轉譯成正確之三維關係，且最後此慣 例傳達給貿易人士’他們未涉及該建築物之結構性設立， 在此其活動與該結構相交。再者，此資訊之傳達預料這些 貿易人士之活動，以便當它們以螺紋貫穿其下部構造經過 該建築物時，它們不須更改及修理該結構。 圖MA-26E說明一間柱壁面之具體實施例，其可使用 本發明之材料片彎曲方法折疊出單一材料片。於圖26α· 26Ε中，未意圖說明已精密地定位及設計其形狀以傳達資 訊之開口等，但可於該材料片切割製程期間精密地定位此 資料。亦應注意的是圖26Ε之折疊材料片可爲一具 a -60- 200902181 至托樑之間柱之間柱壁面，或一具有接合至側面 撐之梯子。 翻至圖26A，材料片901已沿著複數彎曲線 口，以能夠形成一間柱壁面或梯子結構。該長切 此所教導地形成及定位。 於圖2 6 B中’最後間柱或梯子橫撐9 0 3之 9 0 2已沿著彎曲線9 0 4由平坦材料片9 0 1向上折 步驟係沿著彎曲線9 0 7向上折起一額外之端點壁 部份906，如在圖26C所示。於圖26D中，該托 軌條9 0 8係沿著彎曲線9 0 9向上折起，且最後該 條9 0 8又於圖2 6 E中沿著彎曲線9 1 1折疊。該最 造成托樑/軌條9 〇 8中之開口 9 1 2與該間柱/橫 壁9 02中之開口 913(圖26)重疊成對齊或齊平 諸如鉚釘或螺絲之緊固件能用於將該托樑/軌條 至該間柱/橫撐903，及藉此以一負載支承三維 固定該組件。 當用作一梯子時，軌條9 0 8係垂直地延伸 9 0 3係水平的。當用作一間柱壁面時，托樑9 0 8 ’且間柱9〇3係垂直地延伸。如將了解者，該橫 及軌條/托樑亦將因應用而適當地縮放比例。 如上面所提出者，本發明之切割製程及長切 之大部分應用將需要呈偏置關係沿著該想要彎曲 兩側面放置之複數長切口。此方法將產生最準確 原料片彎頭，因爲在此將有二相向及隔開之實際 軌條之橫 切有長切 口係如在 側壁部份 起。下一 面或階梯 樑或梯子 托樑/軌 近之折疊 撐903側 之關係。 908固定 形式9 1 4 ，而橫撐 係水平的 撐/間柱 口材料片 線之相向 或精密之 支點’該 -61 - 200902181 實際支點將精確地造成該虛擬支點之位置落在該想要彎曲 線上之實際支點之間。 雖然有一極微小之彎曲精密損失，亦可採用本發明之 技術，其使用單一長切口及彎曲狹條，且其架構成沿著一 彎曲線產生材料片之彎曲，而越過該長切口發生材料片部 份之邊緣-至-面嚙合。圖27及28說明該單一長切口之彎 曲。 於圖27中顯示一材料片941，其已切割用於彎曲成— 大致上標以942之輪狀滾筒外殼，如圖28所示。材料片 941包含一長切口 943，用以繞著彎曲線946彎曲耳片944 。如將看出者，在彎曲線946相向於長切口 943之側面上 沒有長切口。雖然如此，耳片944包含二界定彎曲狹條 948之肩部947，且設有長切口 943之弓形端點部份949。 其亦將變得明顯的是該彎曲狹條948之中心軸95 1係於相 向之歪斜方向中相對彎曲線946傾斜。 當耳片944係彎曲成圖27之頁面時，傾斜之狹條948 將彎曲及扭轉及同時向上拉動或拖出長切口 943耳片側面 上之唇部952而與該長切口主體側面上之舌片95 3之面形 成嚙合。如此，因傾斜之彎曲狹條948、正確地縮放比例 及設計形狀而再次產生滑動式邊緣-至-面嚙合。 材料片94 1具有弓形彎曲長切口之其他範例，其結合 材料片之局部相向之長切口或邊緣，以提供將產生邊緣-至-面彎曲之彎曲狹條。譬如用於彎曲線 956，長切口 943 a係藉著一具有弓形端點95 8之局部長切口 95 7在一端 -62- 200902181 點相向’其與弓形端點949a結合’以界定一傾斜之彎曲 狹條948a。在長切口 943a之相向端點，—弓形邊緣部份 959與弓形長切口端點949a結合’以界定另一相向之歪斜 狹條948a。狹條948a之架構結果係繞著彎曲線95 6之邊 緣-至-面彎曲。 長切口 943b係形成爲長切口 943 a之一鏡像，且使得 一弓形邊緣及局部長切口配合以界定傾斜之彎曲狹條948b 。同理’長切口 943與一邊緣及局部長切口配合以界定傾 斜之彎曲狹條948c，這確保邊緣-至-面之彎曲。最後，長 切口 943 d與長切口部份960配合以界定傾斜導向之彎曲 狹條94 8d。 如圖27所說明之本裝置及方法之單一長切口具體實 施例多少係於該彎頭之定位在想要之彎曲線中較不精密， 但準確性之損失對很多應用係較小。於圖2 8所說明之架 構中’一用於滾輪962之軸961通過開口 963,964及965 (圖27) ’當材料片941係彎曲成圖28之三維外殼942 時，其必須形成對齊。因此，該單一長切口具體實施例將 產生仍然有充分精密之彎頭，以便能夠讓開口 963,964及 965在數千分之一吋內對齊，用以使軸961插入經過該開 □。 於圖29中說明有關本發明之長切口切割製程及裝置 之彎曲線終止或邊緣效應。一材料片9 7 1係顯示設有五條 彎曲線9 7 2 - 9 7 6。長切口 9 8 1係沿著如上面所述彎曲線形 成於該材料片中。當設計該長切口配置圖時應考慮材料片 -63- 200902181 97 1之 982，因爲其能影響該長切口之定位。 在彎曲線9 7 2上，長切口 9 8 1係設定一段長度及間距 ’以使得一局部長切口 981a打開至該材料片之邊緣982。 這是一種可接受之彎曲線終止策略。在彎曲線973上，局 部長切口 981b又打開至邊緣982，但該局部長切口 981b 係充分長，以包含弓形端點9 8 3，致使一彎曲狹條9 8 4係 呈現至相向於彎曲狹條986。亦可看出長切口 987具有一 延伸越過該長切口之長方形開口 988。開口 988係於長切 口 987之中心部份’且因此將不會顯著地影響彎曲狹條 984或986，也將不會影響邊緣-至-面之彎曲。 在彎曲線974上’長切口 981c具有一弓形端點989， 該端點與傾斜邊緣部份9 9 1界定一傾斜之彎曲狹條9 9 2。 一類似幾何形狀係顯示以於長切口 9 8 1 d及邊緣部份9 9 3。 如上所述，亦有關圖27之長切口採用一材料片邊緣之使 用，以局部界定一彎曲狹條。 最後，在彎曲線976上’弓形邊緣部份994與長切口 9 8 1 e之弓形端點9 9 6配合’以界定狹條9 9 7。如此，該邊 緣部份994需要一長切口配置，其由長切口 981d之方位 倒轉長切口 981e及說明當配置該長切口時，該長切口之 有限本質需要考慮該邊緣效應。於大部份案例中，可稍微 調整長切口之長度’以產生想要之彎曲線終止或邊緣效應 〇 於本發明之進一步論點中’如圖30中所槪要顯示者 ’其提供一用以形成三維結構之方法。該第一步驟係設計 -64 - 200902181 該三維結構。這涉及一最初想像該設計之子步驟3 70a。一 旦形成槪念，設計將通常、但非必須繼續進行至步驟3 70b 或370c，其中發生CAD或電腦輔助設計。能選擇性地在 CAD設計步驟370b或370c之前或於CAD設計步驟370b 或3 7〇c期間發生一材料片及其厚度之選擇步驟。 如能夠在圖 30中看出者，CAD設計步驟3 70b及 370c能包含各種另一選擇之子步驟。如此，一常見之方法 係子步驟3 701m ’其中該槪念設計係內建在3-D CAD中及 然後變平。另一選擇係在步驟3 70b2，能藉著連續地彎曲 材料片凸緣或部份建立該設計。吾人亦可於2 -D中設計， 及宣告或定位該彎曲線，這是子步驟3 70 b3。能在步驟 37〇b4經由軟體、或在步驟370b5手動地做成本發明之適 當或最佳設計長切口或溝槽之配置。 本發明之設計過程亦可在子步驟37〇Cl基於一項在複 數已儲存設計及/或零件間之選擇，通常藉著電腦或一 CAD軟體程式。然後假如修正係需要時，該CAD系統能 在子步驟370c2修改該選擇之零件，以完成該新的或想要 之設計。最後，在子步驟370c3，該零件係藉著該軟體展 開成一平坦狀態。 一旦已設計，其下一步驟係一切割長切口或溝槽之步 驟3 73，其最好藉著採用一 CNC控制器以驅動一原料片切 割裝置。如此’在子步驟3 73 a ’代表該平坦零件及該設計 長切口或溝槽之資料係由該CAD或CAM系統傳送至一 CNC控制器。然後該控制器控制該切割及製造裝備用之切 -65- 200902181 割及其他形成步驟。因此，在子步驟3 7 3 b，使用 模製、鑄造、立體效果微影蝕刻）或扣除式（切 )或分離式（打孔、沖壓、沖切）製造技術形成 件。 可自由選擇地，所形成之平坦材料片亦可遭 面處理3 7 3 c、零組件之固定3 7 3 d、測試3 7 3 e 4 373f之步驟，其通常於一平坦或盤捲狀態中。 一運送步驟375通常將發生在步驟377之彎 該材料片之前。該長切口原料片係於一平坦或盤 最有效率地由該製造地點運送至一遠端之彎曲及 〇 彎曲或折疊步驟3 7 7係精密及低力量的。對 結構’沿著複數彎曲線發生彎曲，及通常持續至 部份係鄰接’在此它們可在該材料片之鄰接部份 起’以在步驟379產生一硬質負載支承三維結構 地’可在三維、負載支承架構中藉著一包圍步驟 構’其藉著圍繞之而將該折疊部份接合在一起。 包封可用於至少三種策略。於本發明中，形 角度之長切口之幾何形狀並未告知該折疊之角度 對於一特別角度之折g ’如在圖20所示使用長 角度之技術以影響邊緣-對-面嚙合之最大接觸面 一折疊之角度係大致上藉著至少三連結平面所指 些案例中，沒有機會連結三個正交獨立之平面， 界定一限制旋轉角度之另一方法。一種方法係折 附加式（ 割、切除 該平坦零 受諸如表 、及儲存 曲或折疊 捲狀態中 組裝地點 於大部份 二材料片 接合在一 。選擇性 固定該結 成一折疊 。（雖然 切口傾斜 積）。每 示。於~ 以致需要 疊該結構 -66 - 200902181 抵住一習知呈有角度關係之參考結構，且 銅鋅合金銲接、焊接、軟接、或附著至該 之結構性護脛板之方法將該角度鎖入適當 係使用一界定有角形式之內部結構及環繞 結構，亦即包圍該內部結構。於圖3 0之 中藉著參考數字376a,b參考此第二方法 體實施例中，該內部零件可留在適當位置 一些案例中’其僅只有助於該折疊製程 3 76a ) ° 包封之其它應用係藉著在另一結構內 或組件所獲得，這是將本發明之一折疊材 能是或可能不是由本發明形成之機能零件 程。譬如，圖1 0說明本發明3 7 6 b中包封 之很多“捉住”機會之僅只一種。如此， 6 1 1包圍圓柱6 3 1。 當於本發明之二或更多模組之折疊平 於二或更多零組件之間形成連接部份時， 之包封’該零組件包含本發明之折疊平板 構。本發明之平面材料中所形成部件之三 結合該關閉或接合製程之包圍本質，能夠 比率將多數元件接合在一起之方法變可行 切割及裝配調整。這是與本發明之對齊緊 洞、突片及凹槽之能力不同。其係一種藉 起之方法。 藉著黏著劑、以 折層內側或外面 位置。另一方法 著該角度彎曲該 設計及製造製程 。於該包封之具 (376b)，或於 及係隨後移除（ 封入或包圍零件 料片結構與一可 會合在一起之製 '之特別賦予特色 藉著折疊材料片 板結構之間、或 又能發生另一類 架構之至少一結 維位置準確性， 使一以很高成功 ’而不需要二次 固部件、諸如孔 著圍繞接合在一 -67- 200902181 本發明之製程亦可包含一重複步驟380。使用本方法 建立價格便宜之三維零件之能力對該設計者提供能夠在決 定一生產設計之前扭轉該設計之實用稀珍之物。 本發明之以長切口爲基礎之彎曲方法及裝置係能夠有 高精密之彎曲公差。能使用一 CNC機器以控制譬如雷射 、或噴水切割器、沖壓或沖孔鑄模以極高精密度配置該原 始之長切口，且所製成之彎頭將以±〇.〇〇5吋公差定位，同 時以顯微零件加工。這是比使用一折彎機及一高度熟練之 操作員所能完成者至少同樣好或更好。使用一沖壓鑄模之 額外優點係該鑄模可爲楔形，以橫亙地或於該切縫寬度方 向中壓縮該長切口。這將在該長切口局部地壓縮該材料片 用於有更佳之抗疲勞。當設計一切縫寬度以於彎曲期間產 生邊緣-至-面接觸時’亦必須考慮此橫亙壓縮。其亦可能 是遵循著雷射或噴水切割，隨後用一楔形沖壓鑄模橫亙壓 縮該長切口，以增進抗疲勞。 再者，當使用本發明之彎曲方案時，這些該公差錯誤 不會累積，而一折彎機之案例將會累積。另一選擇係，該 長切口或溝槽可鑄造或模製成一材料片或鑄造式三維構件 ’且具有一需要折疊之類似片狀延伸部份或折邊。當以接 近微觀或極小尺寸加工材料時’一般用於微電子及Mems 領域、諸如電子束微影触刻及餓刻法之其他成形方法可用 來施行本發明所需之極高準確性之幾何形狀。 不像操縱一雷射光束（或材料片）以製成彎曲溝槽或 長切口’此電子束亦可選擇性地控制或設計成想要之架構 -68- 200902181 及用於切割溝槽或長切口，而不需移動電子束。該功率需 求目前最可實用於金屬或塑膠材料片之光厚度測量工具。 本發明方法中之製造技術亦可包含諸如改正該長切口 或溝槽、溶劑蝕刻、陽極電鍍、處理之缺陷，以防止表面 腐蝕，及施加順應塗層、諸如塗料、聚合物、及各種防止 漏水化合物之步驟。 上面之敘述，其亦將了解用以精密彎曲本發明之一材 料片之方法之另一論點包含以軸向隔開關係於沿著一彎曲 線延伸之方向中及緊接一彎曲線形成複數縱向延伸長切口 或溝槽之步驟，以於該對縱向鄰接長切口之間界定彎曲狹 條腹板。於一具體實施例中，每一該縱向延伸長切口係藉 著縱向延伸長切口片段所形成，該片段係藉著至少一橫亙 地延伸之長切口片段所連接。於第二具體實施例中，該長 切口或溝槽係弧形或具有由該彎曲線偏離之端點部份，以 界定彎曲狹條，該狹條最好係相對該彎曲線傾斜及於寬度 增加。於兩具體實施例中，該狹條能繞著虛擬支點產生彎 曲，最終使得在長切口之相向兩側上之材料片邊緣-至-面 嚙合。該彎曲狹條腹板及長切口或溝槽之數目及長度亦可 在本發明之範圍內大幅變化。該彎曲狹條之寬度或橫截面 積及該狹條之橫亙發散性亦可與長切口間之橫亙間距無關 地變化。本方法之一額外步驟係大體上沿著該彎曲線越過 該彎曲腹板彎曲材料片。 本發明之方法可應用於各種型式原料片。其特別是更 適合與金屬原料片、諸如鋁或鋼一起使用，而能具有可觀 -69- 200902181 之厚度及各種初度（譬如2吋碳鋼、具有T6軔度之6061 鋁、一些陶瓷及合成物）。然而使用本發明之方法，某些 型式之塑膠或聚合物材料片及可塑性變形之合成材料片亦 可適用於彎曲。這些材料之性質係相對於一給定之溫度， 且就本發明之情況而言，溫度中之波動可能需要一特別合 適之材料。本方法及所致之長切口材料片係更特別適用於 在遠離該長切口切割器或溝槽切割器之位置作精密彎曲。 再者，可精密製成該彎頭，而不需使用一折彎機。 材料片亦可用折彎機彎曲，以及切割長切□或溝槽， 用於稍後藉著該製作者彎曲。這允許該原料片以一平坦或 巢狀架構運送，用於在一遠離製造位置處彎曲，以完成該 附件。折彎機彎頭可比未強化之長切口彎頭較強固，以致 該二彎頭之一組合能用於增進該最終產品之強度，使得該 折彎機彎頭係譬如沿著該材料片邊緣定位。該切有長切口 或溝槽之彎頭可僅只局部彎曲至向外稍微打開，以致此材 料片仍然能重疊收藏供運送。 該彎曲之產品具有重疊之邊緣-至-面嚙合及支擋。這 增進該產品承受來自不同方向之負載之能力，而不會大幅 增加該彎曲狹條之應力。假如需要更進一步之強度，或爲 了裝飾之故’亦可強化該彎曲材料片，譬如藉著焊接或， 以別的方式沿著該彎曲線附著一護脛板或彎曲材料片。應 注意形成本質上具有零切縫之長切口優點之一係該彎曲材 料片沿著該彎曲線具有較少穿過該處之開口。如此，爲了 裝飾之故，較不可能需要沿著該彎曲線之焊接或充塡。 -70- 200902181 應注意的是雖然至今已說明直線彎頭，亦可達成弓形 彎頭。一用以產生屈曲彎折線之技術係顯示在圖3 1，亦即 沿著一屈曲彎折線配置完全相同之狹條界定結構，以致該 虛擬支點落在該想要之彎曲中線上。 材料片931已切割有完全相同之長切口 932，該長切 口定位在屈曲彎折線93 3之相向兩側上及折疊成—波紋狀 鑲板。長切口 9 3 2係顯示爲具有—中心部份，該中心部份 係線性地及偏離或屈曲離開端點部份。然而，長切口 932 係設計成彎曲線。當彎曲線9 3 3之曲率半徑減少時，長切 口 932沿著彎曲線93 2之長度能縮短至更加接近該曲線。 應注意的是該波紋狀材料片9 3 1具有一通常於滾壓成 形之波紋狀鑲板中發現之帽子形橫截面。當用作一層板結 構時，此結構未如圖14之連續式鑲板般令人想要，因爲 弦板材料片部份9 3 4僅只包含約一半該總鑲板質量，但於 其他應用中，其具有優點及需要較少之材料。 第二技術係使用非完全相同之狹條界定長切口以設計 該彎曲狹條之形狀，俾能產生一平滑之屈曲彎頭。該彎曲 材料片將具有在該彎曲線之兩側面上之屈曲表面。假如使 用階梯狀長切口，能縮短該縱向延伸長切口片段。 該彎曲狹條之分佈及寬度可能爲了各種理由沿著給定 彎曲線之一段長度變化，其包含彎曲所需之局部力量及未 強化彎頭之殘留強度間之交換變化。譬如，可能有機會與 本發明之彎曲狹條同時形成之鄰接部件可非常接近該彎曲 線，以致靠近該接近部件以較少之頻率最佳形成該最近之 -71 - 200902181 彎曲狹條或形成有較薄之材料，以維持該彎曲材料之平面 性。 最後’本發明之彎曲結構能夠輕易地伸直。這允許三 維結構被分解或未裝配地運送至另一地點或用於再循環使 用該材料片。吾人已發現該彎曲材料片通常可伸直，或甚 至遭受一反轉彎曲，且此後再次彎曲經過5至10或更多 循環。這允許在一地點彎曲或裝配一結構，且然後在第二 地點伸直、運送及再彎曲。輕易伸直亦能夠使結構伸直及 送至一再循環中心，用以重複使用該材料片及移除之零組 件。 爲於所附申請專利範圍中方便說明及精密定義，該“ 向上”或“上方”、“向下”或“下方”、“內側”及“ 外側”等詞係用於參考本發明之部件位置敘述此部件，如 在各圖面所顯示者。 爲說明及敘述之故已呈現本發明之特定具體實施例之 先前敘述。它們並不意欲徹底的或將本發明限制於所揭示 之精密形式，且以上面之教導觀點顯然可能有很多修改及 變化。選擇及敘述該具體實施例係爲了最佳說明本發明之 原理及其實際應用，以藉此能夠使其他熟練於該技藝者最 佳利用本發明及具有適用於所打算之特別用途之各種修改 之各種具體實施例。吾人意欲藉著本發明所附申請專利範 圍及其附屬項界定本發明之範圍。 【圖式簡單說明】 -72 - 200902181 圖1係一材料片之片段、頂部平面圖，該材料片中按 照一先前技藝技術形成有長切口及溝槽。 圖1A係圖1材料片當於彎曲狀態中時之一放大、片 段剖面圖’其大體上取自圖1中沿著剖線1 A-1 A之平面。 圖1B係圖1材料片當於彎曲狀態中時之一放大、片 段剖面圖’其大體上取自圖1中沿著剖線1B-1B之平面。 圖2係一材料片之片段、頂部平面圖，在該材料片中 使用先前技藝中習知之另一選擇架構形成複數長切口。 圖2A係圖2材料片彎曲達大約9〇度之一放大片段側 視圖。 圖2 B係一大體上取自圖2 A中沿著剖線2 B - 2 B之平 面之剖視圖。 圖3係一槪要代表性材料片之片段、頂部平面圖，其 具有按照本發明所製成之狹條界定結構。 Η 4係圖3所示架構之一長切口之片段頂部平面圖， 其已使用一快速刺穿之雷射切割技術形成。 ffl 5Α-5Ε係按照本發明所製成材料片之頂部透視圖， 彎曲成一用以支撐諸如電氣零組件等零組件之 框架。 ® 6係—材料片之另一選擇具體實施例在彎曲及與第 一同樣形成材料片組裝成一彎曲盒形樑片之前之片段、頂 部平面圖。 ® 7係一由二材料片所製成之彎曲盒形樑片之側視圖 ’母一材料片係切有如圖5所示之長切口。 -73- 200902181 圖8係圖ό樑片之一端點視圖。 圖9係一材料片之頂部平面圖，其形成有本發明之狹 條界定結構及架構成用於包圍一圓柱形構件。 圖1 0係圖8材料片之一頂部透視圖，其沿著彎曲線 彎曲及安裝至包圍一圓柱形構件。 圖1 1係一使用按照本發明所形成材料片形成之波紋 狀組件之頂部透視、分解圖。 圖12係一按照本發明所形成材料片之另一選擇具體 實施例之頂部透視、分解圖。 圖13係該切有長切口材料片之一頂部平面圖，其用 以於彎曲或折疊之前製成一波紋狀層板之另一選擇具體實 施例。 圖1 4係使用圖1 3之長切口材料片所製成之一波紋狀 材料片或層板之頂部透視圖。 圖1 5係一大體上藉著圖1 4剖線1 5 -1 5所局限之放大 、片段透視圖。 圖16係一大體上藉著圖13剖線16_16所局限之放大 、片段、頂部平面圖。 圖17係使用一類似於圖13及14者之波紋狀材料片 所製成之圓柱形構件之槪要、端點側視圖，其已放大比例 至界定一圓柱形型式。 圖18係按照本發明一材料片之長切口之放大、片段 、側視圖，且已位移一舌片或突片以確保可預期之彎曲。 圖1 9係圖1 8材料片於彎曲期間之一縮減、端點側視 -74- 200902181 圖 圖20係材料片長切口在一對該材料片平面呈斜角 之片段、端點側視圖，及於彎曲期間顯示爲一互補角度。 圖2 1係按照本發明所安排之捲帶式材料片切割線之 一槪要代表側視圖。 圖22A-22G係按照本發明所製成材料片之頂部透視圖 ’其事實上係彎曲成一十字撐條盒形樑片。 圖23 A-23E係一材料片之頂部透視圖，其包含外擺式 支柱，及事實上顯示其彎曲成一外擺式支撐盒形樑片。 圖24係一裝備具體實施例之槪要代表頂部透視圖， 其適用於本發明之長切口材料片之低力量彎曲或折疊。 圖25係本發明材料片之彎曲或折疊製程之另一具體 實施例之槪要代表頂部透視圖。 圖26A-26E係按照本發明所製成材料片之頂部透視圖 ，其事實上係彎曲成一間柱壁面/梯子。 圖27係按照本發明一材料片之長切口之頂部平面圖 ’且包含單一長切口之具體實施例。 圖2 8係圖27材料片彎曲成—滾輪外殼之頂部透視圖 〇 圖29係一材料片之片段頂部平面圖，其具有不同之 彎曲線中止長切口架構。 圖30係用於本發明長切口材料片彎曲之互動式設計 、製造及組裝製程之一論點之流程圖。 圖3 1係一按照本發明所製成之彎曲波紋狀層板或平 -75- 200902181 板之頂部透視圖。 主要元件對照表 2 1 :材料片 23 :長切口 23a :長切口 23b :溝槽 2 5 :彎曲線 27 :腹板 27a :腹板 27b :腹板 29 :腹板 3 1 :長切口 3 2 :材料片 3 3 :彎曲線 3 4 :狹條 3 5 :材料片部份 3 6 :材料片部份 3 7 :位置 38 :面 40 :打開端點 G :間隙 J :凹進距離 3 5 0 :樑材 -76 200902181 5 40 ： 541 ： 542 ： 543 ： 5 44 ·· 5 4 4a 546 ： 547 ： 54 8 : 549 ： 55 1·· 5 5 2 : 5 5 3 ： 5 54 ： 5 5 5 ： 5 5 6 ： 5 60 ： 561 ： 5 62 ： 5 62a 5 62b 5 63 ： 5 63 a 唇部側面 材料片 長切口 彎曲線 狹條 :狹條 弓形部份 中心點 端點部份 弧形部份 弧形部份 箭頭 中心線 部份 舌片側面 第二部份 刺穿孔 材料片 彎曲線 :折線 •折線 長切口 折線 5 6 3 b :折線 200902181 5 64 :長切口 5 6 5 :刺穿孔 5 6 6 :頂部 5 6 7 :刻槽 567a ：刻槽 567b ：刻槽 5 6 8 :邊緣 5 6 9 :彎曲狹條 5 7 1 :葉片 571a :葉片 57 1 b :葉片 5 7 2 :中心部份 5 72a : U形材料片 5 7 2b ·· U形材料片 5 76 :長切口 5 77 :長切口 5 7 8 :中心部份 580 :開口 5 8 1 :盒形樑 5 82 :區域 5 8 3 :鉚釘 6 1 1 :材料片 6 1 2 :折線 6 1 3 :折線 -78- 200902181 6 1 4 :折線 6 1 5 :折線 6 1 6 :折線 6 1 7 :折線 6 1 8 :側面邊緣 6 1 9 :刻槽 621 :突片 622 :開口 623 :開口 624 :長切口 6 3 1 :圓柱 6 3 6 :鑲板 63 7 :鑲板 638 :鑲板 639 :鑲板 641 :材料片 642 :折線 643 :折線 644 :折線 645 :折線 646 :折線 647 :折線 649 :突片 65 1 :長切口 -79 200902181 652 ： 65 6 ： 65 7 ： 661 ： 662 ： 663 ： 664 ： 666 ： 667 ： 66 8 ·· 68 1 ： 6 82 ： 6 8 3 ： 684 ： 6 8 7 ： 68 8 ： 68 9 ： 690 ： 691 ： 692 ： 69 3 ： 694 ： 695 ： U形切口 平面式材料片 長切口 波紋狀材料片 折線 突片 開口 材料片 開口 長切口 盒形樑 彎曲線 長切口 舌片 箭頭 角落 唇部 面 材料片 長切口 彎曲線 下緣 唇部 6 9 6:面 200902181 697 :舌片 698 :下表面 7 0 1 :材料片 702 :供給盤管 7 0 3 :切割器 704 :盤管 706 :矯平裝置 7 0 7 :壓帶滾輪 7 〇 8 :腹板 709 :模切機 7 1 0 :滾輪 7 2 1 :材料片 722 :彎曲線 722a :彎曲線 722b :彎曲線 722c :彎曲線 722d ：彎曲線 723 :長切口 724 :突片 724a :突片 725 :開口 7 2 6 :鑲板 7 2 7 :腹板部份 7 2 7 a :腹板 200902181 7 2 7 b :腹板 7 2 8 弦板部份 7 2 8 a :弦板 7 2 8 b :弦板 729 :端點凸緣 730 :刻槽 7 3 1 :頂部 7 3 4 :頭部 741 :圓柱形構件 7 4 2 :腹板 7 4 3 :弦板 744 :內徑 7 4 6 :外徑 8 0 1 :材料片 8 02 :彎曲線 8 02a :彎曲線 802b ：彎曲線 8 02c :彎曲線 8 0 2 d :彎曲線 8 0 3 :彎曲線 804 :長切口 8 0 5 :側面凸緣 8 0 6 :材料片部份 8 0 7 :盒形樑 200902181 8 0 8 ： 8 09 ： 8 10： 8 11： 812 ： 8 13： 814 ： 8 15： 8 16： 8 17： 8 18： 8 19： 820 ： 821 ： 822 ： 823 ： 824 ： 826 ： 827 ： 83 1： 832 ： 83 3 ： 834 ： 8 3 7 ： 開口 開口 護脛板 材料片 彎曲線 開口 材料片部份 彎曲線 外側邊緣 側壁部份 盒形樑 開口 箭頭 材料片 切口 開口 突片 凸緣 凹槽 彎曲線 彎曲線 彎曲線 彎曲線 彎曲線 -83- 200902181 8 3 8 :凹槽 840 :鑲板 841 :材料片 842 :長切口 843 :盒子 844 :開口 846 :鑄模 847 :側面 8 4 8 :柱塞 849 :導管 850 :邊緣 8 6 1 :材料片 8 62 :彎曲線 863 :側面 8 64 :夾具 865 :盒子 866 :箭頭 867 :材料片部份 8 6 8 :箭頭 869 :囊袋 8 7 1 :箭頭 872 :角落 901 :材料片 902 :側壁部份 -84- 200902181 90 3 :橫撐 9 0 4 :彎曲線 906 :階梯部份 9 0 7 :彎曲線 9 0 8 :軌條 9 0 9 :彎曲線 9 1 1 :彎曲線 912 :開口 913 :開□ 9 1 4 :組件 9 3 1 :材料片 9 3 2 :長切口 9 3 3 :彎曲線 9 3 4 :材料片部份 9 4 1 :材料片 9 4 2 :外殻 943 :長切口 943 a :長切口 943 b ：長切口 943 c :長切口 943 d :長切口 944 :耳片 946 :彎曲線 9 4 7 :肩部 -85- 200902181 94 8 :狹條 9 4 8 a :狹條 948b ：狹條 9 4 8 c :狹條 9 4 8 d :狹條 9 4 9 :端點部份 949a :弓形端點 9 5 1 :中心軸 9 5 2 :唇部 95 3 :舌片 9 5 6 :彎曲線 95 7 :長切口 9 5 8 :弓形端點 9 5 9 :邊緣部份 960 :長切口部份 961 :軸 9 6 2 :滾輪 963 :開口 9 64 :開口 965 :開口 9 7 1 :材料片 972 :彎曲線 973 :彎曲線 9 7 4 :彎曲線 200902181 9 7 5 :彎曲線 976 :彎曲線 9 8 1 :長切口 9 8 1a:長切口 9 8 1b··長切口 98 1c ：長切口 9 8 1 d ’·長切口 9 8 1 e :長切口 982 :邊緣 9 8 3 :弓形端點 9 8 4 :狹條 9 8 6 :狹條 98 7 :長切口 98 8 :開口 9 8 9 :弓形端點 9 9 1 :邊緣部份 9 9 2 :狹條 9 9 3 :邊緣部份 9 9 4 :邊緣部份 996 :弓形端點 9 9 7 :狹條200902181 IX. Description of the Invention [Technical Field of the Invention] The present invention relates generally to the design of a sheet of material and the manufacture of precision folding and its structure. More particularly, the processes of the present invention relating to the design, fabrication, and manufacture include, but are not limited to, the manner in which the sheets of material are prepared so as to be capable of being accurately folded' and used in connection with the process for high strength, fatigue resistant structures. Or the component is quickly folded from 2D to 3D. [Prior Art] A problem often encountered with a sheet of curved material is that it is difficult to control the position of the elbow due to variations in bending tolerances and tolerance errors. For example, in the formation of an outer casing for electronic equipment, the metal sheet is bent along the first bending line within certain tolerances. However, the second elbow is typically positioned based on the first elbow and the tolerance error can be accumulated accordingly. Since there may be three or more elbows involved in the construction of the frame or attachment for the electronic component, the effect of the accumulated tolerance error in the bend may be significant. Moreover, the achievable tolerances will vary substantially depending on the bending equipment, its tool set, and the skill of the operator. One approach to this problem has been attempted to control the position of the elbow in the sheet of material by cutting into slits or grooves. Long slits and grooves can be formed very precisely in the stock sheet, such as by using a computer numerical control (CNC) device that controls a long slit or groove forming device, such as a laser, water spray, and crush , blade or other tool. Referring to Fig. 1, a sheet of material 2 1 shows a long slit or groove 23 having a plurality of end points, end points, and spaced apart edges along a proposed bending line 25 -6 - 200902181. Between the longitudinally adjacent long slits or pairs of grooves is a curved web, slat or strip 27 that is plastically deformed when the sheet 21 is bent. The web 27 joins the sheets of material together into a single member. When a groove that does not penetrate the sheet of material 21 is used, the sheet of material is also joined by a web of material behind each groove. The position of the groove or slit 23 in the sheet of material 2 can be precisely controlled so that the groove or slit is positioned on the bend line 25 within very close tolerances. According to this, when the material sheet 2 1 is bent after the process of cutting out the groove or the long slit, the elbow occurs at a position very close to the bending line 25. Since the long slit can be accurately displayed on a flat sheet of material, it is accumulated in comparison with the process of forming a bend by a bending machine and positioning each subsequent elbow by reference to the previous elbow. The error in this bending process is much less. However, even a sheet of material bent based on a groove or a long slit has its problems. First, the stress in the curved web or strip 27 is rich and concentrated due to the plastic deformation of the web and the cutting of the long slit at both ends of the web 27. For trenches, the stresses on the material on or behind the back side of the trench are also rich and concentrated. As such, damage can occur behind the web 27 and/or the grooves 23. Furthermore, the groove or slit does not have to produce a curved web 2 7 directly along the bend line 25, and the process of cutting the groove is slow and inconsistent, especially when milling or spot cutting the V-shaped groove When slotting. Therefore, there are commercial applications where trenches are not popular. As can be seen in Figures 1A and 1 B, if the piece of material 21 has a long cut as shown at 200902181 23a and/or a groove as shown at 23b, and then bends the 'curved web 2 7 a And 2 7 b will undergo plastic deformation and residual stress. For the long slit 23a, of course, the material will be completely removed or severed along the length of the long slit. For the V-shaped groove 23b, there will be a thin web 2 9 between the groove 23b and the outside of the projection of the elbow, but it will also be plastically deformed and have extremely high stress. The elbow for cutting the V-shaped groove will normally be in the direction of a closing groove 23b so that the two sides are polymerized with each other as shown in Fig. 1B. The load of a curved structure having a vertical force Fv and/or a horizontal force FH in Figs. 1A and 1B will cause the weakened long slit and/or groove and the plastically deformed strip or web 2 7 a , 2 7 b, and the elbow of the thin web 2 9 placed under considerable stress. Structural damage occurs at a lower level of force than if a non-cutting cut or non-cutting bend process is used. Another solution for sheet cutting to aid in bending has been used in this prior art. However, the cutting growth technique used to create the elbow is primarily designed to produce visual or decorative effects for engraving applications. This visual result has been described as "embroidery" and the elbow itself has been reinforced by a beam. This embroidered sculpture was exhibited at the Museum of Modern Art in New York at least until 998, and the cutting technique is described in published US Patent Application No. 2002/0184936, which was published on December 12, 2002. (The "Jitlin et al. application"). The engravings are also shown and described in the announcement of the Office of the Department of Contemporary Architecture on page 15 of Section 20-35 entitled “Office dA”. Figures 2, 2A and 2B of this illustration show an example of the embedding technique used. -8 - 200902181 A specific embodiment of the office dA or Gitlin et al. application is shown in FIG. A plurality of long slits 31 are formed in a sheet of material 32. The long slits 3 1 are linearly offset laterally and laterally to each other along the opposite sides of a bend line 3 3 . It can be seen that the long slits are longitudinally overlapped to define which will become curved slats, webs, strips or embroidered stitches 34 between the overlapping long slit end points. 2A and 2B show an enlarged side view of one of the long slit ends of the material sheet 32, which has been bent along the curved line 3 3 by 90 degrees, and the material sheet portion 3 on the opposite sides of the curved line 5 and 3 6 are interconnected by the twisted strip or "embellished" 34, which is twisted or embroidered between the 9-inch material sheet portions 35, 36. The architect of the Museum of Modern Art Carvings in New York has tolerated that the elbow structure of the result is not very strong, and that they have partially broken into the hidden beam, which is welded into the inner vertex of each embroidered elbow into the engraving. Product. Since the long slit 31 is parallel to the bending line 33, the strip 34 having a constant or uniform width dimension is twisted or plastically deformed throughout the length of the torsion so that it is at the end of the 90 degree elbow, The back side of one of the strips engages the face 38 on the other side of the long slit 31 at position 37. This engagement lifts the sheet portion 35 upwardly away from the face 3 of the sheet portion 36 and attempts to open the end 40 of the slit and creates additional stress at the end of the slit. As a result of the twisting of the strip 34 and the action at the end of the bend, a gap G is created across the length of the long slit 31 between the sheet of material 35 and the face 38. The twisted strip or embellishment 3 4 forces the sheet of material 35 away from the face 38 and stresses the ends of the long slit 4 (only a long slit end 40' is shown but the same stress will occur in Figures 2A and 2B -9- 200902181 Another long slit end 40 of the long slit 31 shown. A gap G is formed in each of the long slits 31 along the length of the meandering curve 33 on the opposite sides of the curved line. Thus, at each long cut, the forcing-material sheet portion is kept away from the face contact with a long slit, instead of being pulled into contact with the face, and thus is fully supported by the face. Again and more importantly, the long slit architecture of Figure 2 applies stress to each strip 34 to a very high degree. When the length of the strip (the overlap length between the ends of the long slit 31) is increased in an attempt to reduce the stress from twisting along the length of the strip, it is attempted to elastically pull or clamp a portion of the sheet of material to resist The strength of living in a direction is reduced. Conversely, when the length of the strip is reduced, the twist acts on the constant width strip to form microscopic cracks, so that the final stress is increased, and the twisted strip is excessively applied. stress. This tends to compromise the strength of the elbow and leave an unloaded load elbow. - the vertical force applied to the sheet portion 35 (Fv in Figure 2B) will immediately load the twisted and stressed strip 34, and because there is a gap G, the strip will be further plastic under load The deformation and breakage or tear can occur before the sheet of material 35 is displaced to engage the surface 38 and rest on the surface 38. A horizontal force FH will likewise tend to overwhelm the longitudinally adjacent strips 3 4 (and shear Figure 2 B) after the gap G is closed and the sheet of material is supported by the opposing slit face 38. The narrow strip 3 4). Another intrinsic problem in the long incision scheme of Figure 2-2B and the Gitlin et al. application is that the constant strip width cannot be varied independently of the distance between the long slits' and the strip width cannot be less At the thickness of the material, without -10-200902181, extreme stress is applied to the strip. When the long slits 31 are parallel and longitudinally overlapped with each other, by definition, the strip width must be equal to the pitch or recess distance between the long slits. This limits the design flexibility of the hoe used to structurally load the strip. Again, the long slit terminates at every other long cut end point. The end point is aligned and points to the other end. Therefore, there is no attempt to reduce the stress increase point and microcrack proliferation that occurs at the end of the long slit and the aligned long slit end can be broken under load. Thus, the sheet cutting architecture of Figure 2-2B can be readily employed for decorative elbows, but is not optimally suited for elbows that must provide effective structural support and fatigue resistance. The application of Gitlin et al. also teaches the formation of a curved long cut (in Figures 10a, 10b), but the long cut is again parallel to a meandering bend so that the width of the curved strip is constant, The strip extends along the bending line and parallel to the bending line, without crossing, the strip is extremely twisted, the long slit end point tends to direct microcracks and stress concentration to the next long slit, and the application The teaching teaches the use of a long slit cut that causes the opposite sides of the long slit to engage at 37, only at the end of the bend. Long slits, grooves, perforations, small dimples, and scribe lines have also been used in various patent systems as the basis for sheets of curved material. U.S. Patent No. 5,225,799, issued to U.S. Patent No. 5,225,799, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. The use of scribe lines and small dimples to fold metal sheets is used in U.S. Patent No. 4,6,8,1,161, issued to St. Louis. Grooves and perforations are used to bend the plastic in U.S. Patent No. 6,2,0,03, issued to Brandon. U.S. Patent No. 6,1 3 2,349 and PCT Publication No. WO 97/2422, issued to Yokoyama -11 - 200902181, and U.S. Patent No. 3,75,499 issued to Glebe et al. The bending of corrugated cardboard using cutting or punching is shown in U.S. Patent No. 3,258,380. It has also been used to facilitate the bending of thick cardboard sheets by cutting the slits, for example, in U.S. Patent No. 5,692,672 issued to Kent, to U.S. Patent No. 3,963,170 issued to Wood, and to U.S. Patent No. Shown in 975, 1 2 1 . A metal bending technique is disclosed in the published U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 2001/0010167 A1, which is directed to openings, grooving, etc., and uses large forces to produce controlled plastic flow and to reduce breakage and wrinkles. However, in most of these prior art bending systems, the elbow forming technique substantially weakens the final structure, or fails to form a precision elbow, or is bent by overcoming the material on one side of the elbow. Moreover, when the cut-off slits are used in these prior art systems, in addition to structural weakness and promotion of future structural failure points, the process of cutting the slits can result in a process of sealing a curved structure that is both expensive and difficult. Therefore, these prior art methods are less suitable for fabricating structures that can contain a fluid or flowable material. When bending metal sheets, and particularly metal sheets of considerable thickness, the problem of precision bending and strength retention is even more important. In many applications, it is highly desirable to be able to bend the metal sheet with a small force by hand, such as by hand only, or with a tool that is only properly powered. Of course, the bending of this thick metal sheet leads to a big problem. In another aspect of the present invention, it is possible to overcome the shortcomings of prior art techniques for bending a sheet of material based on a slit of -12-200902181 to eliminate the manufacturing techniques and the disadvantages of the resulting structure. A component of a prior art material sheet and a non-material sheet that is well known for producing a rigid three-dimensional structure is cut and joined in a fixture assisted and welded, clamped and adhesively bonded, or mechanically bonded to join a plurality of discrete components together. The industry manufactures a rigid three-dimensional structure. For example, precision cutting and fixture assisting in the case of welding; handling of a large number of parts and mechanical devices, and quality control of many components and verification of the 'welding' have inherent problems caused by the heat affected zone of the weld. Conventional metal welding systems with comparable material thicknesses are achieved by means of beveled edges, which are typically caused by a single point tool, which will greatly increase the manufacturing time's ability to fully support the load bearing geometry, copper The joint of the welding material is broken by the fatigue of the metal affected by the heat. Fatigue failure of welds is usually compensated by the addition of a large number of components and the number and depth of welds. The disadvantages attached to the meter are too heavy. With regard to the edges and the non-material sheets along the edges of the discrete components, the processing and precision positioning of several components or clamping in place until the joining method is completed. Another type of prior art prototyping method for the manufacture of three-dimensional structures. These include stereolithography and many of the prior art metal arts technologies are future processes. It is widely used in processing and use, and the labor required for this individual component is a problem. • Other dimensional shapes are often used by honing or by cost. Re-synthesis, or softness is unpredictable. Solder together, this additionally sets the bonding material sheets and holds them - the problem. The Department of Technology is a fast alternative to the process, which uses a computer-aided design system to generate a design from -13-200902181, and the data representing the structure is used to drive equipment in the addition or subtraction of material until the structure is completed. The rapid prototyping techniques of the prior art are usually added or subtracted. The problem with deductive rapid prototyping is that they waste material, using a piece of material that can contain the entire part, and then require a very expensive local speed machining center to accurately sharpen and remove unwanted material. Cut the part. There are also various problems with the prior art rapid prototyping technology. In particular, most of these technologies are fully utilized in a very narrow range of materials. In addition, most of the need for a dedicated manufacturing apparatus for dispensing materials corresponding to the materials representing the parts. This additional rapid prototyping method is slow, limited in the proportion of the component encapsulation, and generally does not utilize structurally strong materials. Thus, generally in this prior art, a sheet that can be bent or a groove of a sheet of material has produced various bends. The bend lacks the precision and strength required for commercial structural applications. As such, this prior art material sheet bending technique has been largely classified into bending or decorative applications of small thickness metals, such as engraving. Therefore, in one of the arguments of the present invention, an important object of the present invention is to be able to bend a sheet of material in a very precise manner and, in addition, to produce an elbow capable of supporting a considerable load and resisting fatigue damage. Another object of this aspect of the present invention is to provide a method of precisely bending a sheet of material using a modified long slit technique which enhances the accuracy of the position of the bend, the strength of the final structure, and the reduction of stress. Another object of the present invention is to provide a precision material sheet bending process and a material sheet of -14-200902181, which has been cut with long slits or grooves for bending, and can be used for materials of various thicknesses and various materials. The bending of the type of non-compressible material. Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for cutting a sheet of material for subsequent bending, which can be achieved by using only a hand tool or a power tool that facilitates bending, but does not attempt to control the position of the elbow. Another object of the present invention is to be able to bend a sheet of material into a three-dimensional structure of high strength with precise dimensional tolerances. Another object of the present invention is to bend a sheet of material into a precision three-dimensional structure that can be easily and inexpensively sealed, thus capable of containing fluid or flowable materials. In one of the arguments of the present invention, it is an object of the present invention to provide a new type of rapid prototyping and advanced rapid manufacturing technology using a wide-cut-based bending to enhance manufacturing and assembly techniques. The scope encompasses many structurally tough materials, does not use special equipment found in any modern manufacturing equipment, and can be scaled up or down to the limits of the cutting process used. Another object of this aspect of the invention is to provide various features within the sheet of material to be bent which aids in the precise additional alignment of the components before and after bending the sheet of material. It is a further object of the present invention to provide a method of manufacture having a near net shape structural scaffold for a plurality of components that are arranged in a three dimensional space in a correct relationship, such as by the original The computer-aided design is set up from the ten-decoration of the ten-process. It is a further object of the present invention to provide a method of making a welded structure, -15-200902181 which employs a relatively small number of separate components, and the edges of the structure are self-assisted with the clamp along the length of the elbow, and its unbent edges Provides features that aid in the assistance and clamping of the fixture in the preparation of the weld. In this regard, yet another object of the present invention is to provide an excellent method for welding a jig auxiliary material sheet, which strongly reduces the distortion and dimensional error caused by the welding process. Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a novel welded joint that provides a substantial load bearing characteristic that does not depend on the heat affected zone in all degrees of freedom' and thereby improves the load strength and cycle of the final three dimensional structure. Both sex and fatigue strength. Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a superior method for: 1) reducing the number of discrete components required to fabricate a strong, rigid, dimensionally precise three dimensional structure, and 2) essentially the desired three dimensional structure The various sides provide a method of positioning and clamping that can be achieved via the curved and unbent edges of the present invention, resulting in a lower cost, higher throughput manufacturing process. It is a further object of the present invention to provide a method of making various molds for metals, polymers, ceramics and composites comprising fluids, wherein the mold is formed from all sheets of material having long slits and bends, and in the solidification process It is then removed or left in place as one of the structural or surface components of the finished object. Still another object of the present invention is to provide a material sheet bending method which is designed to be used with an existing cut long slit device, and which allows the raw material sheet to be transported in a flat or coiled state and precision at a distal end position. Bending, and -16-200902181 does not require the use of a bending machine, and in the interior of the accessory to enhance the combination or installation of components in or on each surface, the attachment is after the component is fixed to the blank The raw material sheet is bent to form. Still another object of the present invention is to provide a precision folding technique that can be used to create accurate, precise, load-bearing folds in a sheet of material, including, but not limited to, metal, plastic, and composites. Another object of the present invention is to provide a precision folding technique that allows folding around a virtual bending line and requires very little force to accomplish the folding than conventional bending techniques. Another object of the present invention is to provide a precision folding technique that can be linearly scaled independently of the thickness or microstructure features of the material. Another object of the present invention is to form the geometry described herein. Whether by any growth slit/removal process, a cutting process, or by an additional process, and by any means, the advantages described herein are achieved. Still another object of the present invention is to provide a precision folding technique for folding a material that cannot be flattened, wherein the microstructure of the material remains substantially constant around the fold. The method and individual techniques for designing and precisely folding a sheet of material, the techniques of its manufacture, and the structure formed by the precision bending of the present invention have other advantageous features and objectives, which will be taken from the drawings of the best mode for carrying out the invention. The description and the following description become apparent or more detailed. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In one of the teachings of the present invention, it is preferred to have a long slit but a curved strip defining the structure for the curved strip in the sheet of structural material, which The curved piece has improved precision and substantially improved elbow strength at the elbow position. Briefly, in a preferred embodiment, a sheet of material is formed with a plurality of long slits. The long slits are positioned relative to a proposed bend line and the frame configuration allows the sheet of material to be precisely curved along the bend line. Preferably, the longitudinally adjacent long slits are equally spaced apart on opposite sides of the bend line at a recess distance less than one of the thickness dimensions of the sheet of material to define a curved bend that extends obliquely across the bend line article. The long slit has a less than about 0. 3 times the slit size of the thickness dimension of the material sheet, and preferably the bow shape 'such that the convex side is closest to the bending line or the bending line, so that the width dimension of the strip is from a midpoint of the strip, Or a constant width area increases in both directions. The long slit also preferably includes an end portion that resists crack growth to further reduce the likelihood of stress damage. Briefly, the method for accurately bending a sheet of material of the present invention comprises the step of forming a plurality of longitudinally extending long slits in a direction axially spaced apart by the sheet of material, the direction extending and tightening along a curved line. The bending line is connected to define a curved strip or web between adjacent end points of each pair of long slits. The long slit is further positioned at a recessed distance between the long slits on opposite sides of the long slit, the distance being equal to or less than the thickness of the sheet of material. The method can also include the step of bending the sheet of material along the bend line, such that the increased precision edge of the material engages the end face over the opposite sides of the long cut. -18- 200902181 In a specific embodiment, 'the step of cutting the long slits by forming two long slits along the longitudinal direction of the bending line, so that each long slit has a long slit end portion, The end portion is offset from the bend line to provide a pair of adjacent long slit portions on opposite sides of the bend line. The long slit defines a slanted curved strip extending across the curved line and has a value of 0. 5 to 4. 0 times the minimum width in the range of the thickness dimension of the sheet of material' and has a gradually increasing width in both directions away from the bend line. Preferably, the long slit is arcuately shaped and produces a continuous and progressive engagement of an edge with an opposing face such that the edge is resiliently clamped and secured against the opposing face over a portion of the length of the long slit during bending. For controlling the bending precision and improving the strength of the bending piece. In another embodiment, the single long slit is provided with a curved strip that is configured to pull a piece of material on the distal side of the curved line toward the long cut 'to maintain the edge during bending - to - The engagement of the faces. A curved strip having an oblique guide of the central axis will produce this edge-to-face contact that intersects one of the sides of the bend line and faces the side of the long cut. The edge of the sheet of material may be combined with the end portion of the arcuate slit to define the slanted strip. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Reference will now be made in detail to the preferred embodiments embodiments The present invention will be described with respect to the preferred embodiments, which are not intended to limit the invention to those specific embodiments. Rather, the invention is intended to cover alternatives, modifications, and equivalents, which are within the spirit and scope of the invention, as defined by the scope of the appended claims. Referring now to Figure 3, there is shown a portion of a sheet of material having a long slit or groove cut in accordance with the present invention. An arcuate slit or groove formed substantially 542 along the bend line 543 in the sheet of material 541 has a substantial radius (compared to the thickness of the sheet of material). The arcuate long slits 542 are preferably longitudinally staggered or offset (up to an offset distance Ο. D. It is measured along the curved line 5 4 3 and alternately between the centers of adjacent long slits on opposite sides of the curved line 5 43 ). The arcuate long slit 5 42 defines a joint between the long slits. The joint is a curved strip 50; and defines a non-joined region provided by the long slit 542 itself. Only the long slit 542 on the right hand side of Figure 3 shows the thickness of the slit or long slit, while the remaining long slits 542 are shown or taken in the form of a long slit formed by a blade or punching die and result in a zero slit. One of the widths of the long cut. In order to produce a precise bend of the sheet of material 541 along the bend line 543, the long slits 542 are spaced equidistantly spaced apart on opposite sides of the bend line 543. The ratio of the minimum transverse distance from the long slit to the long slit, or twice the distance from the long slit 542 to the curved line 543 is referred to as the "recessed portion" J. The ratio of the recessed distance J will be less than about 1 relative to the thickness of the material in the apparatus and method of the present invention. That is, the recess distance J is usually less than the thickness of a material. A more specific embodiment utilizes less than one. 5 The ratio of the recessed distance of the material thickness. A still further preferred embodiment utilizes a recessed distance ratio of about 0 _ 3 material thickness, depending on the characteristics of the particular material used and the width of the strip, and the length of the slit. -20- 200902181 The minimum width of the curved strip 544 will affect the force required to bend the sheet of material, and the width may be further away from the bending line 5 43 (by increasing J) or by longitudinal displacement by moving the long slit 542 The position of the incision (change O. D. ), or both. Generally, the width of the angled curved strip 544 will preferably be selected to be greater than the thickness of the material to be bent, but a minimum strip width of from about 5 to about 4 times the thickness of the material may be used. More preferably, the minimum strip width is 0. 7 and 2. 5 times the thickness of the material. Alternatively, the width dimension or slit of the long slit 542 should be selected to produce a precise bend, in other words, the long slit slit should be less than about zero. 3 times the thickness of the material sheet, and better than 0. 2 times the thickness of the material. If the slit width and the recess distance are too large, the contact between the sheets of material on the opposite sides of the long slit 542 does not occur during the bending. This contact provides the actual bending fulcrum, as explained below, so that the bending along the bending line 543 is expected and precise. If the strip defines a structure that does not extend through the groove of the sheet of material, the groove will define a sloped, high-strength curved strip 'but edge-to-face contact and slip will not occur during bending unless the groove It is deep enough to pass through and become a long incision during bending. If the slit width of the long slit is too wide, the intermeshing of the opposite sides of the long slit will not occur when the curved material sheet is bent. As noted in the prior art method of cutting long slits, this will result in direct further stress on the curved strip during loading. The curved strip 544 is defined between the longitudinally adjacent long slits 542, which in the present embodiment are shown to be inclined relative to the curved line 543 and not intersect in an alternating direction. Each of the long slits 542 has a central bow -21 - 200902181 shaped portion 546 and is offset from the curved line 543 by a center point 5 47 of one of the arcuate long cuts. The end portion 5 4 6 may also advantageously be arcuate 'and have a much smaller radius of curvature which causes the long slit to extend rearward along the curved portion 594 and finally terminate in an inward curved portion Part 5 5 1 . As used herein, "bow" will mean and include a circular arc and/or a series of longitudinally connected, tangent arcs having different hemispheres. Thus, it will be seen that the curved strip 544 is defined by either the curved portion 546 on either side of the curved line 543 and at the end of the strip by the arcuate end portion 548. . A minimum strip width occurs at the arcuate long cut portion 546 of arrow 552 (shown in Figure 3 at the longitudinally adjacent long slit of the left hand pair). If the center line 535 of the vertical guide is drawn at the minimum width of the strip via the arrow 5 52, it should be seen that the center line is connected to the strip 5 44 in the approximate direction of the bend line. The strip connection is In order to increase the intersection of the sample and the bending line 543 at the curved small strip width 552. The strip 544 is offset from the longitudinal strip axis 5 5 3 by a minimum strip width 5 5 2 . Thus, a portion of the material piece 554 on the side of the 543 is bent by the strip 544 to bend the second piece of material 5 5 6 on both sides of the line 5 4 3 . The narrower width of the minimum width plane 552 in both directions causes the bending line to be greatly reduced to reduce the pressure and increase the fatigue resistance to the individual material sheet portions 5 5 4 and 5 5 6 . Further, the strip 544a has been drawn with a cross-parallel line shadow that extends the width of the strip along its central longitudinal strip axis 5 53 . The portion of the material sheet 5 5 4 that has been increasing the width of the strip is joined to the sheet of material 5 5 6 having the same width of the strip to tend to reduce stress. Positioning the central longitudinal axis of the strip 5s4 at an oblique angle of the phase line 5 43 -22-200902181 5 5 3 causes the strip to be both twisted and bent, rather than merely twisted, which also reduces stress in the strip. The stress in the sheet of material flows through the elbow through the connecting material of the strip. The main cause of fatigue failure is the periodic stress in the tension flowing through the torsion and bending strips and substantially parallel to the large radius arcs 546 and 549. The smaller radius arcs 551 and 548 provide a smooth transition from the primary stress bearing free surface away from 546 and 549, but do not themselves undergo large stress flows. In this way, the arcuate long incision is a similar portion of a large circle that is joined together by a far smaller circle or arc, and in some respects only the large radius arc is located in the stress field flow (compared to The thickness of the material, and the use of a smaller radius arc as a joint, minimizes the distance from the bend line into the plane of the underlying plane forming the long cut. Thus, it is highly probable that the long slit end of the stress caused by the microcrack will tend to not spread from one long slit to another length downstream of the bend. As shown in Figure 3 and as preferred, the strip 544C preferably has a minimum width dimension 552 that provides the desired strip strength, and then any rapid divergence along the strip in both directions. Gradually deviating, this divergence occurs when the strip terminates into the sheet of material portions 554 and 5 56. This configuration avoids the problem of having an undesirably narrow strip waist at 552, as the strip waist will concentrate and destroy the bending and torsional forces rather than evenly distributing the force along the length of the strip and The portion of the bottom surface of the tab 554 and the 556 ° long slit 542 which is defined by the concave side of the arcuate slit is inclined to be isolated by tension. This allows the tab to be ideally used to cut into the positioning features of the underlying plane. Attachments or alignment holes, or examples, to other geometrical shapes with -23- 200902181. Figure 4 illustrates the positioning of the water jet or laser cut, fast lance | 565 on the tab 555 of the long slit 546. Faster and less irregular, and may cause damage in other locations. In Figure 4, the alternative positional apertures for rapid puncture perforation are important to reduce the total cost of laser or water jet cutting, which is time consuming and costly. In contrast, the long cut side surface 504, i.e., the portion of the bottom layer that extends across the convex side of the curved line □ 542, is a good choice for locations that are not subject to tension isolation and inaccurate piercing. Unlike the prior art cut lengths shown in Figures 2, 2A and 2B, the long slit material sheet 541 of Figure 3 is such that the edges of the sheet of material are produced on the long slit 542 during bending to the long cuts. Thus, the 'long slits 542 can have a zero-cut with a blade or cast, or they can be laser or sprayed, and have a large slit that still creates intermeshing, depending on the thickness of the sheet of material. As mentioned above, the slit width is greater than about 0. 3 times the thickness of the material, and better than the thickness of the crucible, and the recessed distance; [not more than about 1 · 0 times the material is better than 0. 5 times the thickness of the material, and preferably less than the thickness of 〇. During bending, 'if the material width and recess distance are properly selected, as suggested above, the material sheet 540 slides or engraves on the tab side 555 of the long slit 542 to form its P-hole 5 60 and speed. More puncture and piercing fatigue. Quick piercing Because the slow mouth 542 lip 543 to long cut is a method of cutting the two sides of the system as a slit, and the water cut is best to bend. 2 times the thickness of the material is large. 2 times the material thickness of the slit one of the lip side slides up the length -24- 200902181 one side of the incision. Thus, the lower edge of one of the lips 540 slides over one of the tabs 555 at each of the long slits 542 during bending. Since the long slits are alternately positioned on opposite sides of the bend line 543 along the length or the bend line, and since the long slit is laterally positioned at an equidistant distance from the bend line, the lip portion 5 40 and the tongue The edge-to-face intermeshing of 5 5 5 creates an actual fulcrum during the intermeshing of the bend, which in turn produces a controlled bend at a substantial fulcrum that substantially overlaps the bend line 543. As seen in more detail in Figure 20, the progressive sliding of a lower lip edge engages on a tongue face and will be further described in relation thereto. One of the most advantageous aspects of the present invention achieves the design and cutting of the material in a manner to form the strip and the edge-to-face engagement of the lip and the long incision tongue, wherein compared to the use of conventional bending techniques The substantial change in the microstructure of a material that is bent or folded to the same angle or sharpness, the microstructure of the material surrounding the bend or fold is essentially unchanged. The strip-to-face engagement relationship of the strip and the long slit provides a combination of torsional and bending deformations when the material is bent, which substantially reduces the stress surrounding the bend and maintains the material around the bend The microstructure is essentially unchanged. When the prior art bending technique of the prior art is used, if the elbow is sharpened, the material has a substantial change in the microstructure surrounding the elbow. The geometry of the long slit 542 can be varied to accommodate a wide range of sheet properties. Thus, the geometry of the arcuate long slit 542 can also be changed when the pattern of the sheet of bent material changes, or the thickness thereof, or the strength characteristics of the bend are modified. The length l of each long slit can be changed as if it were able to offset the distance Ο. D. , Or along the longitudinal spacing of the bend line 5 4 3 . Also -25-200902181 can change the height H' of the long slit and the recess distance j between the long slits on the opposite sides of the curved line across the curved line. These various factors will have an effect on the geometry and orientation of the strip 544. This will also achieve the strength of the elbow and its suitability for various configurations. The shape of the long slit can also be changed. Without departing from the scope of the invention. In addition to the precision produced by the edge-to-face contact of the lip 540 on the tabs 555 on opposite sides of the curved line 543 during bending, The edge-to-face contact maintained at the bend completion has considerable strength advantages. in this way, At the completion of a 90 degree elbow, The overlapping edges of the lips 5 40 on the faces of the tabs 5 5 5 cause the lips 540 to be supported between the curved webs 544 on opposite sides of the bend line. Will not only pass the web 544, However, a load applied to the curved structure is also supported by the edge of the lip 540 on each side of the tab 555. The edge-to-face engagement and support at the end of the elbow will generally appear along the entire length of one side of the long slit, And by the material that is substantially along the entire length of the other side of the long cut. It should be understood that if the piece of material 541 is bent or folded over 90 degrees, The edge of the lip 540 will lift the face away from the tab 555 and the lower surface of the lip will be supported by the lower edge of the tab face. If the material is bent less than 90 degrees, The lip edge still engages the tongue face almost immediately after the beginning of the bend. However, only the lip edge engages the tab face. The support on one side of the long slit on the other side should be considered as "edge-to-face" engagement and support, As used in this specification and the scope of the patent application. As will be described below, Non-nine-degree bends with complete support by the edges of the faces can be achieved by cutting the piece of material at various angles -26-200902181, The angle is not 90 degrees relative to the sheet of material' as illustrated in relation to Figure 20 and described in greater detail. Although the curved strip or web 454 has residual stress due to plastic deformation, And although the long slit causes a substantial portion of the elbow to be directly joined together in the long slit-based bending system of the present invention, Forming and positioning the long slit, In order to create an edge-to-face overlap, The overlap provides a better view of the curved structure than Figure 1, 1A and 1B and 2A and 2B are based on the considerable additional strength of the structural strength of conventionally cut slit or groove geometries. In fact, The curved strip of the present invention preloads the elbow, In order to generally cover the entire bending process, And at the end of the elbow, Generally throughout the length of the entire long slit, The sides of the long slit are pulled or clamped to form an edge-to-face engagement. The preloading of the bend by the residual tension in the strip also tends to prevent vibration between the edges of the long cut. The edge is preloaded against the face that serves as a cushion on the other side of the long slit. Furthermore, Since the edge is intermeshing with the face over a length of the length of the long slit, The forces Fv and FH (Fig. 2B) on a curved piece 541 will not overwhelm or further plastically deform the curved strip 544, As shown in Figure 2, 2A, The prior art of 2B cuts the long slit structure. The load of the elbow is immediately by the edge-to-face engagement of the long slit technique of the present invention. Rather than being supported only by the connection area of the cross section of a torsion and high stress strip, As shown in Figure 2, 2A, The prior art structure of 2B and the results of the Gitlin et al. application. It should also be noted that the continuous sliding of the material between the opposite sides of the long slit during bending is intermeshing along the long slit from the intermediate 5 47 toward -27-200902181 to the end point 5 48. a face on one side of the long slit has a pad, Used for sliding support during bending, This results in a more uniform bend and a less stress-filled bend. The sheet of material is cut into pieces of material that are less ductile. Such as heat treated aluminum 6〇61 some ceramic composites, Plastic and for thicker pieces of material. As shown in Fig. 3, it is preferred that the curved strip 5 4 4 is a longitudinal longitudinal strip 5 5 3, The axis 5 5 3 and the bending line 5 4 3 are preferably at an angle of 26 degrees or less. The smaller the angle, the higher the torsion component. And the lower the bending component that occurs. The smaller the angle, The resulting bending radius is higher. Hard material that is not elegant, Such as hard polymers, Hard metal, The more ceramic, And some compositions are capable of allowing a radius in the elastic variation feature. They can also allow for the distribution of a long strip of torsion springs throughout the material. The low angle strip provides two arguments. however, At the end of the bending of a sheet of plastically deformed material, It is preferred that the edge of the pull-down lip 540 resists the deformation of the face of the tab 555. This results in a residual elastic force, It maintains the mutual engagement between the materials on both sides of the long cut. in this way, The material to be bent will tend to preload the edge of the overlapping material sheet or hold it firmly against the support surface, To ensure that the increased stress of the curved strip is reduced on the load of the strong head of the elbow. In Figure 3, it can be seen that the strips 5 44 are in the opposite direction and that the skewing of the end strips in the opposite direction does not require many advantages. When the material piece 51 is an isotropic material, The role of the layer 544 One of the technologies can be used or even formed into a small corner, Then send it again, The plastic deformation is elastic and a large bending torque or will still maintain the elastic edge of the opposite piece of the elastic port downward and skewed. However, the invention of the strip longitudinal -28-200902181 staggered to the central axis tends to offset the stress. If the sheet material is non-isotopic, the skew of the oblique strip in the same direction can be used to invalidate the embossing effect in the material indicating the order of selection. Another option is for the relative displacement of the isotropic material sheet's skew in the same direction along the bend lines of the sheet of material on opposite sides of the bend line, This displacement can be used to create a latching engagement with the third plane. Such as an interference fit' or by the resulting amount of lateral displacement creates a latch engagement with a tab and groove insertion. The geometry of the slanted strips is such that they bend and twist over an area that tends to reduce residual stress in the strip material, Its location is at the end of the long cut or the strip is attached to the remainder of the sheet of material. in this way, Reduce rupture hyperplasia, It is necessary to reduce the magnification of the opening or curl at the end of the long slit. If the structure of the synthesis is primarily intended for static loads or does not expect full load, No stress reduction termination operation is required in the arcuate long cut that produces the inclined strip. An important feature of the sheet cutting technique of the present invention is that the bending tool required for the curved material sheet 5 4 1 only needs to perform the bending and torsion forces of the bending strip 544 in this manner; They do not have to have sufficient power to control the position of the elbow. For electric machinery, Such as bending machines require this control, The bending machine clamps the material to be bent with sufficient force. In order to control the location of the endpoint. however, In the present invention, By an actual fulcrum, That is, the edge of the lip 540 controls the position of the elbow. The fulcrum pivots about the face of the tab 555 on opposite sides of the long slit. therefore, The required bending tool only needs to be able to bend the strip 544, There is no need to locate the elbow. This is of great importance in applications where high-strength power tools are not readily available from -29-200902181, for example in outer space or in on-site manufacturing of various structures or in assemblers without such high power equipment. It also allows the bending of equipment with low-strength materials, such as corrugated cardboard bending machines, Airbag, Vacuum bending with a folding rod, hydraulically pulling the cylinder, And a shape memory bending material that will be used to bend the metal sheet, As will be presented in more detail below. Also in the manufacture of various structures, strong, The precision elbow is important, Because of the geometry of the structure itself, Physical proximity to power bending equipment is not possible. This is especially true for the few elbows that have recently needed to close and latch the three-dimensional structure. Thus, a feature of the present invention is that it is possible to modify the strip to define a long slit or groove for the material being bent or folded and the structure to be produced. For example, it may be tested by experience, However, a sheet of material having a different thickness and having a curved long cut design has a slight change in the geometry. But the design contains a group of related curved geometries. Can repeat the process for different materials, And the empirical test data is stored in a database. The library is capable of retrieving designs based on the input of the sheet of material to be bent and its thickness. This process is especially suitable for computer instruments. The physical properties of the sheet of material is entered and the program is selected from the computer database of empirical test data regarding the most appropriate curved geometry for bending the material. When the sheet of material is a material that does not contain any correct information or when the sheet of material has a thickness that has not been stored with any correct data, the software may also be interposed between the available materials. The long slit or curved, And the design or architecture of the connecting strip can also vary along the length of a curved line, To accommodate the variation of the thickness of the sheet of material along the bend line. Another option is to change or modify the strip structure along a curved line -30-200902181, To accommodate non-linear loads. Although not as important as the strength and anti-fatigue improvement of the present invention, The long slit or strip structure can also vary, Provides different decorative effects in combination with improved strength and fatigue resistance. Another advantage of the material sheet cutting system of the present invention is that the elbow or fold of the result is quite sharp both internally and externally. A sharp elbow enables a curved structure to be strongly joined to another structure. in this way, A bender bend tends to be round or have a significant radius at the bend. When a bending mechanism of a bending machine is, for example, joined to a flat plate, And applying a force to tend to rotate the curved structure around the bow elbow, The curved structure can be separated by the flat plate. If the elbow is sharp, This separation operation can happen more easily, Such as can be caused by elbows using this long slit cutting scheme. The ability to produce sharp or curly bends or folds allows the process of the present invention to be applied to a variety of structures that have so far only been formed from paper or thin foil. That is, many techniques applied to paper folding or origami structures. Complex three-dimensional origami structure, And the science or mathematics used for its development has been developed after centuries of effort. Although visually elegant, This paper-folding structure is generally not formed by a sheet of metal having a thickness greater than that of the foil. in this way, Paper Folding Folding Sheets usually do not support a large amount of load. A typical example of a paper-folded item is the "Advanced Paper Folding" published by Debian Boursin in 2002 by the Buffalo Firefly Book in New York State. And the origami structure proposed by Kunihiko Kasahara in 2002 in the "Ultimate Paper Folds" published by Sterling Company of New York, NY. The present invention is thus capable of producing a new type of similar paper-folding design. The cutting and bending described herein -31 - 200902181 The method is to replace the wrinkles of the paper folding. The material sheet cutting or groove process of the present invention produces sharp bends, And even allow the metal sheets to be folded up to 180 degrees or to be back to back. in this way, A variety of structurally interesting paper-folding structures can be made using a sheet of metal that is much thicker than the thickness of the foil. And the resulting paper-folding infrastructure will be able to support a large amount of load. Another interesting design and manufacturing potential is achieved by using this long slit cutting architecture for rapid prototyping and rapid manufacturing. Especially if you use automated “pick and place” component combinations. Rapid prototyping and rapid manufacturing are widely known and include the use of computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) designs, respectively. So that it can be made in 3D. The designer first started with a virtual three-dimensional structure that he wanted. Using the invention to enable rapid prototyping, The computer aided design software expands the three-dimensional structure into a two-dimensional material sheet. And then positioned to bend the long slit position of the sheet of material to produce the desired structure. The ability to use CAM to complete the same process in rapid manufacturing. Other types of software can be used to perform similar tasks. By choosing the recess distance and the width of the curved strip, Precision bending, And the ability to modify the strength of the elbow allows the designer to plan a long cut in the unrolled two-dimensional material sheet in the design process. This can be done in the subsequent process by cutting the material sheet grooves or long slits and bending. To produce a complex three-dimensional structure with or without additional components. Obviously 'it is also familiar with the use of high speed "pick and place, , Automated component processing technology assembles components on a circuit board for electronic devices. Such an 'assembly robot' can pick up components from the component supply, And after -32- 200902181 they are placed on a circuit board or substrate or frame. The robot arm uses fasteners, A soldering insert or the like fixes the component to the substrate. This "pick and place" component has been largely limited by placing the component on a flat surface. in this way, After the "pick and place" assembly has been completed, The board must be placed in a three-dimensional enclosure. After the component is attached to the wall of the housing, An electronic housing typically cannot be folded or bent into a three-dimensional shape. Furthermore, Prior Art for Bending There is a lack of precision necessary for the present invention to address and solve component or structural alignment problems. therefore, Folding or bending the housing in advance limits the ability to pick and place the robotic arm to secure the electronic components in the housing. It should also be noted that the strips present between the long slits can advantageously be used as a conduction path across the elbow in electronic applications. And when forming the three-dimensional frame' or when the circuit board itself is folded into a more dense structure, The possible precision allows the conductive paths or components on the board to be folded into alignment. However, the design and process of the present invention can be designed with relatively low power involved, Cutting, And then form a precision elbow. in this way, The order in which an electronic frame or casing is formed is shown in Figs. 5A-5E. The component frame can be designed and cut from a flat sheet 82 1 , And use high-speed pick and place robots to quickly move components, C, Secure to any or all of the six walls of a cube attachment. The housing or component frame can be easily bent into a three-dimensional shape after the pick and place process is completed. As shown in Fig. 5A, the material sheet 821 having the component C' fixed to the sheet of material prior to bending is preferably by high speed robotic arm technology. Material -33- 200902181 The material piece 821 is formed with a plurality of long cuts of the structure of Figures 3 and 4. Or have a long cut that is less complex, Such as the long cut of Figure 6-8, This will be described in detail below. Cut by laser, Water jet cutting, The punching or the like produces the long slit ' while forming the designed slit member 8 2 2. Component receiving opening 823, Tab 824 and support flange 826, And the tab receiving slot 827. In Fig. 5B, the material sheet 821 has been bent along the curved line 831. Having a long slit that produces a precise edge-to-face bend along the bend line, And causing a tab 8 24 to be displaced outward. Next, the sheet of material is bent along the bending line 8 3 2 in FIG. 5 C and then bent over the component C along the bending line 8 3 3 in FIG. 5D. The side flanges 8 2 6 have been bent along the bending line 8 3 4 . At last, The frame end portion 83 6 is bent upward along the bending line 8 3 7 . And the tab 824 is inserted into the groove 82 7 The material sheet can be securely snapped into the two-dimensional electronic frame 838 around the component C. Apparently, In most cases, The plurality of components C will be fixed to the sheet of material 821 before bending. The component C can also be fixed to the frame 83 8 and to the various surfaces of the frame in various steps in the bending process. Figures 5A-5E also illustrate a basic design process, This is accomplished by the material sheet bending method of the present invention. One of the most space-saving methods of supporting components is to mount them on the stock sheet. however, The use of conventional material sheet bending technology does not allow the elbows and the intricate pieces of interlaced material to be partially tightened. however, The bending process of the present invention can do this, The reason for this is that the ability to design a very long slit will create an elbow at a precise location. Opening, Cut, Groove, Tabs, etc. will be in the curved structure, And the components and the joints to other structures are precisely aligned. -34- 200902181 Again, The precision planning of curved lines and frames or accessories is only one of the advantages. The structure itself can use quite low power, And even bent by hand tools. The combination of the precise position of the bend line and the low-force bending allows for a design technique that has only been partially implemented to date. This technique involves selecting components that have the desired functionality and position them in a desired configuration space. Thereafter, A frame system, such as a computer-aided design technique, is designed to support the sheet portion of the frame. The sheet portion is designed to be positioned to support the components. Positioning the bending line to create the portion of the support material sheet, And the frame is graphically unfolded into a flat piece of material, And have the necessary features and fold lines, As shown in Figure 5A. Although this technique has been previously described in the C A D design literature, And C A D and CAM software programs' they have not been implemented effectively in the simplest design so far. Because of the precision of the metal sheet, Low-force bending is not practical. The present invention based on a cut-and-groove slit enables the fabrication of the theoretical CAD* CAM design technique to be practical. Previously skilled CAD or CAM designs failed to physically achieve the same accuracy as the theoretical CAD or CAM model in real materials, For example, because of the failure to maintain the customary bending tolerance. The bending precision that may be present in the present invention strongly increases the correspondence between the CAD or CAM model and the physical form that can be achieved for the sheet of curved material. Furthermore, the bending does not have to occur at the picking and placement or rapid prototyping position. The piece of material to which the component has been attached can be shipped with the formed and selected components to be used as a carry item for the shipping process. Once in an assembly position that may be away from the design and cutting position, The frame or shell material sheet -35- 200902181 will be precisely bent 'if you want to even bend it by hand, And the bent outer casing is fixed into a three-dimensional structure, And having a plurality of components that are internally and/or externally secured to the structure. Furthermore, the three-dimensional frame and other structures may also have panels therein. And attaching the panel by a bending line of the strip. A doorway is provided in the frame or structure for periodic or emergency access to the interior of the structure. This eliminates the separate door hinge assembly. Various embodiments of the long slit or groove technique using the sheet of cut material described herein, Can form a very wide range of products. Not limited by the enumerated, The following are examples of products, It can be folded from a sheet of material using the cut long slit and groove scheme of the present invention: Bracket, beam, Curved beam, Roll, Beams in the beam, annex, polyhedron, Wall of the column, Beam network, Packaging beam, I-beam, General shape multi-beam, mechanical, Crafts and sculptures, Paper folding three-dimensional structure, Musical instrument, toy, sign, Modular connection device, package, Bench, Protective accessories, platform, bridge, Electrical accessories, RF shielding accessories, Anti-electromagnetic interference shielding device, Micro-waveguides and conduits. Several examples of this structure are shown in Figure 5 - 17. 22-2 8 and 31. Can refer to Figure 6, 7 and 8 describe a curved box beam formed using the cutting process of the present invention and the sheet of long slit material. Figure 6 shows a sheet of material 561 having two curved lines 5 6 2 and 5 6 2 '. The curved line 5 6 2 has a plurality of arcuate long slits 5 6 3 on opposite sides of the curved line 5 62 . The smaller arcuate long slit 5 64 is also positioned along the bend line 5 62 . The long slits 5 63 and 5 64 have a general structure as described and illustrated in relation to the long slits 542 of Figures 3 and 4. However, the length of the long slit 5 64 is less than the length of the long slit 5 63 minus -36- 200902181 and it will be seen that the long slit 564 is positioned at the top 566 of the groove 567. The groove is provided in the edge 568 of the sheet of material. The curved strips 569 defined by the longitudinally abutting end portions of the long slits 563 and the longitudinally abutting end portions of the long slits 5 6 3 and 5 6 4 are essentially the same structure. Although the lengths of the long slits 5 63 and 5 64 are different. Here, there will be some slight shape difference due to the arcuate arc difference', but the bending strip 5 69 will be substantially uniform in its strength and fatigue resistance along the length of the curved curve 562. One of the advantages of the long slits 5 64 is that they tend to contain any stress cracking that may occur at the top 566 of the notch 567. The various vanes or fingers 571 defined by the notch 567 can, for example, be curved or protrude from the bay by an angle of 90 degrees. Or if the structure bends to other angles if needed. The central portion 5 7 2 can stay in the plane of the sheet of material depicted in Figure 6. The plurality of long slits 576 and 577 are along the second bending line 562. Positioning. These long slits have a more tight end point bend 578 than the arcuate long cut shown immediately adjacent the first bend line 562. In general, The tightly curved end portion 5 7 8 is less desirable than the larger two end unclosed portions used for the long slits 5 63 and 5 64. Even so, The long slit pattern for long slits 576 and 577 shown for ductile materials that are not prone to stress cracking is completely sufficient and in fact eliminates the end portion 578. Furthermore, Long cuts □ The difference between 5 76 and 5 77 is already at the top of the groove 5 67 5 6 6 uses a smaller long cut. Once the long slit has been cut, the material sheet 561 can follow the curved line 5 6 2, Bending ' so that the blade 57 1 can be bent to an angle with respect to the central portion 5 7 2 , Such as 90 degrees. It should be noted that along the bending lines 562 and 562, Long cut -37- 200902181 The mouths will usually have the same shape', ie they will be long cuts 5 6 3 and 564 or long cuts 5 76 and 5 77. It may mix the structure of the long slit, But there will be no benefit to mixing them. As shown in Figure 6. The purpose of the specific embodiment shown in Figure 6 is to show different long slit architectures. This architecture produces edge-to-face bending under control and is suitable for use in bending material sheets in accordance with the present invention. The design and formation of a curved box beam can be described with respect to Figures 7 and 8. It uses a long slit of material as shown in the plane of Figure 6. As stated earlier, The design will be done on a CAD or CAM system. And the long slit made in the material sheet 561 is associated with the CAD, The configuration is the same in the design process on CAM or other systems. Display a roughly superscripted 581 curved box beam 'one of the designs, The cut and bent U-shaped material piece 572a is fixed to the first set, The U-shaped material piece 572b is cut and bent. As will be seen from Figures 7 and 8, The finger or blade 571& It has been folded down over the outside of the finger or blade 5 7 1 b. In two cases, The top portion 5 6 6 is immediately adjacent to the fold line 562a. 563a, 562b and 563b. This configuration of the top portion allows the bending of the sheet of material by allowing the angle of the notch 567a to increase 'and the angle of the notch 567b is reduced in the longitudinally curved region 582 of the beam 581'. To less than the radius of the non-extreme, The central portion of the sheet of material 5 7 2 a and 5 7 2 b has a thickness that will conform to bending without being bent and deformed. The folded sheet of material may be by rivets 583 or other suitable fasteners, Adhesive, Fastening techniques such as welding and welding with copper-zinc alloys are fixed together. The opening for the fastener can be preformed at 580 as shown in FIG. If you have decided or learned the correct bending structure after bending, It can be precisely set -38- 200902181 to position the opening 5 8 0, Or opening 5 8 0 and then used with later drilling, The joining of the two curved material sheets to an unfixed curved box beam is made in an industry with a clear curvature. Difficult to bend 4041 Τ-6 or have a long slit configuration map, And then cut into the piece of material. Then in the field, there is a box beam with a curvature determined by the site. It is determined by the curvature of the part. Forming the box-shaped assembly in a damaged portion of the outer casing of the aircraft is attached to the center of the curved box beam. The bending of the blade or finger 571 can be simplified. And the site is completed with rivets. The pre-formed hole for the guide hole is used as a guide hole. The hole is drilled into the leaf of the lower folded material piece. Simple hand drill and cutting pliers, A high-strength structure can be custom-built and positioned as an aircraft to secure the outer casing of the aircraft to that location. 能够 Can be repaired on site, The aircraft can fly to 〇 when the longitudinally curved box beam has a pre-blade or fingers 571a and 571b that can be engaged or engaged with one another by engraving in the same plane. The beam side wall of the mouth. Can be positioned at the center, And one is not fixed or combined in the scene. The application system is, for example, the aviation 6061 T_6 aluminum system is designed to be completed as shown in Fig. 6, To provide a piece of material that must be repaired by one of the aircraft, bent to below it, And then the outer casing portion 572. 单Single hand tools, Or even a rivet fixing system is used to maintain the curvature of the box beam by the sheet or finger. in this way, 404 1 Τ-6 aluminum box-shaped structural components, In the case of this, even in combat situations, where the longitudinal curvature can be fixed or conventionally corrected, Defined by the gutter, Where the finger will produce a smooth and unopened -39- 200902181 box beam, Whether curved or straight, Can also be used in the design of exoskel et al. In order to provide the advantages of high strength-to-weight. in this way, Not using a solid beam with its attached weight, Hollow, Folded or curved beams can have corresponding strengths, But the weight is lower. If you want, The hollow beam can also be filled with a foam. Includes a metal foam. As shown in Figure 6-8, The longitudinally curved box beam 581 is produced by bending the sheet of material along straight fold lines 562 and 5 63. It is also possible to create a longitudinally curved box beam by cutting a long slit or groove along a curved line. Turning now to Figures 9 and 10', there is shown a sheet of material that has been designed and cut into long slits or grooves for folding and a three-dimensional structure made of the sheet of material. The sheet of material 611 has been designed to have long slits or grooves cut along the longitudinally extending fold lines 6 1 2 and 6 1 3 . The further slit and groove have been cut and formed on the fold line 6 1 4 extending transversely. 6 1 5, 6 1 6 and 6 1 7. The opposite side edges 6 1 8 of the material piece 6 1 1 are circular, And a plurality of grooves 6 1 9 are formed in the opposite side edges of the sheet of material. An engagement tab or flange 621 is formed at one end of the sheet of material and preferably has a fastener receiving opening 622 therein. The opening will align with the opening 623 in the opposite end of the sheet of material 611. As shown in Figure 6, Does not have an endpoint part 5? The arcuate long slit or groove 624 of 8 has been positioned along the fold line 612_617. It will be appreciated that long slit or groove patterns as shown in other embodiments may be used within the scope of the invention. The sheet of material shown in Figure 9 is designed to encase or surround a cylindrical member, Such as the stick shown in Figure ίο, Pillar or cylinder 631. By bending the sheet of material 616 along the fold lines 612-617, The sheet of material 61 can be folded around to enclose a cylindrical member 6 3 1 as shown in Fig. 1 . The circular arcuate portion 618 of the sheet of material is sized to have a radius that engages the cylinder 631. The groove 619 is closed upwardly and defines the edge of the groove to abut each other, The fold lines 614-617 allow the piece of material to be folded into a square configuration around the cylinder 631. The resulting curved three-dimensional structure has a plurality of planar panels 63 6_639, The panel provides a surface that resists other components or structures that can be easily attached. The folded sheet of material 611 can be secured in place around the cylinder 63 1 by fasteners through openings 622 and 623. The groove or long slit 62 4 is configured such that the folded sheet 611 becomes a high strength surrounding the cylinder or strut 631. Hard structure. The folded material piece 6 1 1 is fixed to the strut 6 3 1 against the vertical displacement, and may be an arcuate edge 6 1 8 and an interference fit between the strut, And/or using fasteners, Adhesive, welding, The result of welding with copper-zinc alloy, etc.' and the assembly has many applications for solving the problem of subsequent joining of structural members to a cylindrical structure. The examples in Figures 9 and 10 are not only a potential decoration, but also a potential decoration. It is a structural transition element between a cylindrical and linear style. Long slit or grooved sheets of material designed and fabricated in accordance with the present invention and methods therefor can also be used to design and form corrugated panel or laminate assemblies. Figures 1 1 and 1 2 illustrate a two corrugated panel assembly that can be designed and fabricated using the apparatus and method of the present invention. When providing a high strength-to-weight ratio, This component is particularly effective. Moreover, the material sheet folding technique of the present invention readily supplies both the folding of the corrugated material sheet and the preparation of the attachment tab. In Figure 11, Providing an attachment tab that can extend through the long slit to join the corrugated web to the planar sheet of material, In Fig. 12, the -41 - 200902181 is provided with a tab having a fastener receiving opening. In Figure 11, A sheet of material 641 cuts the long slit or groove along the extended fold line 642.64.7 in accordance with the teachings of the present invention. In addition, Has been along line 643, 645 and 647 form a plurality of tabs 649. When along the fold line, a long slit or groove 651, The tabs are simultaneously cut out in the material piece 641. in this way, A U-shaped slit 652 is formed in the material sheet 641, When the material sheet is folded into the corrugated state shown in Fig. 11, The tab will come out. When the folding occurs, the tab 649 will extend from the vertical plane. To form the corrugations', the tabs 649 can be bent from one position to a nearly vertical position by subsequent steps. The folded or corrugated material sheet 641 shown in Figure 11 can be attached to a second planar sheet of material 656 having a plurality of long slits 65 7 formed therein. The slit 65 7 is positioned and sized to closely receive the tab therethrough. When the sheet of material 65 6 is lowered downwardly on the sheet of corrugated folded material 641, the tab 649 will extend upwardly through the long slit 657. Tab 649 long slit 65 7 interference fit, To fix the pieces of material together, Or 649 can be bent to a horizontal position or twisted around a vertical axis, To secure the pieces together. The tabs can also be bent downwards and by sticking, welding, It is fixed to the material sheet 656 by copper-zinc alloy welding or the like. Freely selectable, A second sheet of material, not shown, can be attached to the underside of the sheet 64 of the folded or corrugated material using a tab (not shown). The tab is formed outside the sheet of material during the cutting of the slit or groove process. The second sheet of material can be applied to the bottom of the folded sheet of corrugated material 641 in the manner described for the sheet of material 65. Vertically folded to form 649 to the angle of the upper convex angle, which counts above 649 and can be combined with the protrusion (also The 64 1 fixed -42- 200902181 The result is a high intensity that can be used in many applications, Anti-fatigue, And lightweight corrugated panel or laminate assembly. A corrugated panel assembly similar to that of Fig. 11 can be made as shown in relation to the assembly of Fig. 12. The folded corrugated material sheet 6 6 1 includes a plurality of fold lines 6 6 2 and a plurality of tabs 663. The tab 663 is formed from the sheet of material 661 in a manner similar to that described for the tab 649 and only the tab 663 includes a fastener receiving opening 664. In addition, The tab 663 is folded down to a position close to the horizontal. Instead of going up to a position close to vertical, As described in relation to tab 649. In this horizontal position, The tab 663 can be used to engage a second sheet of material 666 having a fastener receiving opening 667 therein. Positioning material sheet 666, The opening 667 is aligned with the opening 664, Fasteners are used to secure the two sheets of material together. As described in relation to Figure 11, A third sheet of material can be secured to the bottom of the sheet of corrugated material 666. Although the drawing does not show the fixing tabs 664 on the bottom side of the corrugated material sheet 66 1 . As mentioned above, By using a plurality of grooves or long slits 668' formed in accordance with the present invention, a high strength, Corrugated laminate or panel assembly with good fatigue resistance and light weight. Figures 1 _ 1 7 illustrate another embodiment of a continuous corrugated panel or laminate that can be formed using the long slit material sheets and methods of the present invention. Furthermore, the panel of Fig. 13-117 illustrates the strength advantages obtained by making a sharp bend or fold. The elbow has a large load bearing capacity. Again, The specific embodiment of Figures 13-17 illustrates the use of tabs, The pieces of the folded material are joined into a three-dimensional structure of high strength. The prior art technique of opening multiple corrugated panels or laminates has generally suffered from the failure to complete the chord material to a high degree or percentage of all of the paneling materials. In general, The purpose of the web fabrication is to separate the strings in order to achieve the minimum web quality necessary to accomplish the work. Type I beams are rolled or welded. And use the top and bottom chords that are thicker relative to the web between them. The present invention enables a type of corrugated structure that provides flexibility for a wide range of designs to be rigid, strong, Low weight structure, The structure can be made from a continuous coil that is transported in the form of a lightweight coil. And easily formed on site. The nature of the possible embodiments avoids welding at all corners, This welding system is particularly susceptible to damage. The sheet of material 721 has been cut with a long slit using the present invention and is shown in Figure 13 in a flat state prior to bending or folding. As will be seen, The plurality of substantially parallel curved lines 722 have a pattern of interlaced arcuate slits 723, The long slit is positioned on opposite sides of the bending line, An elongated strip that is obliquely defined in the opposite direction to skew. The long cut 7 2 3 can take the best view of Figure 16. Also formed in the sheet of material 721 is a plurality of tabs 724 extending outwardly from the tab portion of the long slit 723 and openings of the plurality of keyholes. The opening 725 is positioned in an aligned relationship to the tab 724. In Figure 16, It will be seen that the tab 724 extends from the long slit 723 over the bend line 722. Thus, tab 724 is the extension of the side of the tab of long slit 723. The keyhole opening 725 is a slit or a negative projection in the side of the tongue of the long slit 723. The frame size is designed to receive the tab 724. In order to prevent the neck of the tab 724 from being obstructed by the upwardly facing surfaces on opposite sides of the long slit, A groove 7 3 0 is provided in the side of the lip of the long slit 7 2 3 . Thus the entire area of '725 and 73 0 is cut and dropped outside or 44 - 200902181 is removed from the piece of material, The tabs 724 can be inserted into the slots 725/730. In Figure 14, The flat sheet of material 721 of Figure 13 has been folded into a continuous corrugated panel or laminate 726. Panel 726 includes a web portion 727 and a chord portion 7 28 . As will be seen in the panel 7 2 6 The chord 7 2 8 is disposed on the lower two sides of the panel in an end-to-end relationship over the entire length of the panel. To provide a continuous laminate or chord surface. This structure, for example, provides a panel 726 that provides substantial strength enhancement throughout the panel throughout the panel. All of the webs are not joined by the chords on the top and bottom sides of the panel. The laminate or panel can be further reinforced by the addition of an additional piece of material (not shown). This will further improve the ratio of the quality of the chord material to the quality of the entire slab or panel, For superior strength/hardness-to-weight ratios. Figure 15 illustrates the bending or folding scheme for panel 726 in more detail. For example, starting with the endpoint flange 729, The web 727a can be bent downward and rearwardly at the bend line 722a up to one of the lower sides of the panel. The sheet of material 721 is then bent forward at a bend line 722b and the chord 728a is extended in a longitudinal direction of the panel parallel to the flange 729. At the bend line 722c, The web 727b is curved upwardly and rearwardly to the curved line 722a, At this point the chord 72 8b is bent forward and extends to the bend line 722b. The web 727 is then bent back to the bend line 722c at the bend line 722d. The bend continues along the length of the panel 726. Resulting in a folded corrugated panel, There are a plurality of end-to-end chords on both the top and bottom of the panel separated by the web. For a high strength-to-weight ratio, The quality of the chord material in the panel is quite high for the total quality of the panel. -45- 200902181 The ability to fold a piece of material 721 into a crimped fold using the cutting process of the present invention allows the top of the web 7 27 and the chord 7 28 to become quite sharp and tight, Adjacency relationship positioning. For example, the panels of 13-17 have the same length of web and string, And establish an equilateral side, Each of the tops is approximately 120 degrees. As will be known, Same many other wrinkled geometric shapes. Although there are many ways to secure the folded panel 726 to a three-dimensional architecture, a preferred method utilizes the tab 724 of the web 721 and the snap-in keyhole opening 725 during formation of the curved long slit. for example, The tab is provided by laser or water jet cutting of the tab to extend from the flange 729 beyond the long slit tab into the web 727a. The plate 727a is bent down and back to the curved line 722b. The occupant remains in the horizontal plane of the flange 729. As best seen in Figure 16, the plunging chord 72 8b and the snap opening 725 tab 724a aligned with the tab 724a are positioned in the opening 725. If each tab 724 enlarges the head or endpoint 734, The tab will be locked or caught by its bite 725. Although a wire saw component can catch or be adjacent to a single element. This joining action resists the separation of the tab from the top and bottom flat engagement openings of the panel. The size of the tab and opening is not required, It is also designed to create an interference fit. The connection of the tab 724 and the opening 725 also occurs along the side of the panel 726. And the result is to fasten the panel in the form shown in Figure 14. Even without additional fastening technology, Such as selective adhesion, welding, Welding with copper-zinc alloy. Sharp or part 73 1 shows, Figure triangle may have a square cut into 724a, . When the belly t 724a, One will allow the use of a bottom that is not folded in the joint surface of a single opening. -46 - 200902181 In Figure 17, The process of Figure 13-16 is shown graphically. The shape 742 applied to a cylindrical member 74 1 and the chord 743 are formed around the bending line. And choose, Thus, the length of the chord on the inner diameter 744 is shorter than the chord on the diameter 746. The tab and the snap opening can lock the chord and the web in the structure. This depends on the material, 74 1 depending on the radius. The final cylindrical structure can be light, High-strength cylinder or pillar. In most of the specific embodiments of the present invention, And a specific embodiment in which the sheet has a substantial thickness, Bending causes the lip of the long slit to begin in the correct direction of the face of the tongue on opposite sides of the slit. however, When the slit of the long slit is small or zero, The long incision will occasionally move in the wrong direction. And to apply this to remedy this problem, It may bias the tongue of the long slit in the direction in which it is expected to bend properly. This solution is in 1 8 and 1 9 . A sheet of material 681 is formed using the design of the present invention and formed for bending about a plane of the bend line 682. 683, It defines a tongue 684' which will slide along the facing faces during the bending of the sheet of material. In Fig. 19, it can be seen that the fact that the piece of material 681 is bent in the middle of the bending line 682, If the arrow 687 piece 684 is displaced downward, The lower edge of the lip 68 9 or the corner piece is cut and bent. Furthermore, The web is selected to be outside the cylinder 741 of the bend line for the thickness of the desired frame and the cylinder, for example, for use as a weight, especially for the beginning of those materials, will automatically slide against the relatively thin material of the long material sheet. The precision of the piece of the piece is precisely curved. The film part is produced in a method. The material sheet cutting technique forms a long arcuate cut. Curve 682 bends the upper line as indicated below. Because the tongue 688 will be rolled up and -47-200902181 engages the face 690 of the tongue in a manner that will slide along the face 690 to create the edge 688. The edge 688 on each side of the bend line 682 will be displaced upwardly to slide over the predetermined tab 684, The bending of the edge about the bending line 682 during the bending process as expected is produced along the face of the tongue in the desired direction. When the sheet of material 68 1 is formed using a stamping process for bending, And forming a long slit 683 with a blade in the stamping process, The stamping die can also plastically deform the tabs 864 on the sides of the bend line in a downward direction. The expected sliding of the edge 688 along the face 690 in the appropriate direction will occur during bending. Thus, the actual fulcrum on the opposite sides of the bend line will produce a precise bend along the virtual fulcrum that is aligned with the bend line 6 82 . The displaced tab will also prompt an operator to bend in the appropriate direction. Although many of the applications of the present invention will be referred to as 90 degree elbows, Some applications will be referred to as elbows at other angles. The device and method of the present invention can be matched with the elbow, It still maintains the advantages of full edge-to-face contact. In Figure 20, Explain that an elbow is about 75 degrees. As shown, A piece of material 691 is formed with a long slit 692, The long slit is cut at an angle a of about 75 degrees from one of the planes of the sheet of material 691. (One of the other sides of the curved line 693 corresponds to the long slit also cut at 75 degrees but is skewed in the opposite direction and is not shown for simplicity of explanation). When bent down, the lower edge 694 of the lip 695 is folded over the face 696 of the tongue 697 and slides over the face 696. Once the bend reaches 1〇5 degrees, Or the complementary angle of the long slit angle α, The lower surface 698 of the sheet of material immediately adjacent the edge 694 will be coplanar and evenly supported on the face 696 with the face 696 of the tab. Nowadays, The most commercial laser cutters with the power to cut both plastic and metal are used to produce sheets of material. however, Rolling supply laser cutting equipment is commercially available. However, the equipment that exists today does not cause the cutting material to roll back into a coil. in this way, Tape and reel laser cutting equipment is not used or commercially available. In the case of the present invention, The advantages of rolling supply cutting combined with a coil mechanism can be designed in CAD, Cutting is very big or complicated, Information-rich structure, And then these pre-built structures can be re-wound into a lightweight form. Once on the coil, In a lightweight form, They can be more conveniently transported on a platform truck or railcar or launched into the outer space. When arriving at the location of use, The material is unfolded and bent or folded along the curved line shown. And structurally supported by a long slit and a slanted strip cut into pieces of the metal or plastic material. The material sheet cutting or trenching apparatus and method of the present invention can be incorporated into a tape winding process in at least three ways. A wide range of platform-type laser cutters are available throughout the industry. The first method uses a web at the end of one of the platform-type laser cutters, In the middle of the laser cutter, And a winding drum for re-forming a roll of partially cut material. The material is advanced by hand through the system' and the pin or edge notch automatic counting component is cut into the flattened material sheet. The sheet of material is aligned in the X and y axes by physically engaging the cutting member with a clamp attached to the laser cutter platform. In this way, a segmented advancement involving alignment of the long slit assisted curved members of the present invention can occur. The novelty is combined with the automatic counting system and the unfolding and coiling of the material of the -49-200902181 - along with the cutting and bending generating portion of the present invention, and ft. is precisely positioned with a low force tomb, High-strength curved structure. The first way is to use a power deployment, stop, A well-known technique for cutting and moving advances a coil through a laser cutter. The brother-in-law system is not shown in Figure 21. It adopts a smoothness that is not stretched into two, Continuous web transport. Material sheet 7〇 i-system coil 702 is unfolded, And the action optical device of the CNC cutter 7〇3 is controlled to compensate for the rolling state of the material 70 1 . The CNC cutter is a laser cutter or a water jet cutter. And a controller is formed to cut the desired long slit pattern into a sheet of material 7 . The sheet of cut material 70 1 is wound around the coil 7 〇 4 . Since the coiled stock sheet will typically have a coil-shaped roll, the web 702 is unrolled using a leveling step or leveling device 7〇6. The raw material sheet 701 can be driven by the press belt roller 707 and the drive motor of the coil 7 及 4 and the other roller 7 301 through the production of the previously unused tape processing. Linking 'and if the slit of the continuous layer is wound on the disk', especially when the low strength of the present invention, Long-cut assisted bending is sufficient for a foldable tab or hem. Rewinding the material 7〇1 will tend to cause the cutting tab or hem to extend tangentially to the coil. The second method can be used to handle this problem. One method uses a thin, thin combination of a roll of metal and other hard materials. Easy to remove drooping The material has these low strength folding features of the present invention. And the tendency of the piece or the folding force to be circumvented and then supplied and/or 703 can be cut, song, In the other 702 and 边缘 ° edge tube 704, the component can be wound and then wound into a tab. The wire is tangentially extended by the -50-200902181. The second method is shown in Figure 25, That is, a polymer web 708 is simultaneously wound on the coil 704. The web 708 should be rigid and not easily pierced. The standard thickness is thin. Polypropylene and polyethylene are only two useful examples. One technique for increasing the throughput of a tape and reel processing system uses a laser cutter 703 having a plurality of laser beams. Used to cut the long slit assist of the present invention, Low-force bending parts. A foldable box beam such as that shown in Figure 12 requires a plurality of curved auxiliary arcuate slits arranged in a direction parallel to the coil winding direction about a desired bend line. For example, a plurality of fiber lasers that are mechanically linked together can simultaneously produce all parallel elbows. And the laser motion controller is a single mechanical system that is coupled to a single motion controller, Other lasers with separate motion actuation systems and motion controllers can produce all other cutting components. Such as the edge of the groove. The method and apparatus for the three tape processing systems described above, In combination with the low bending strength of the present invention, High-strength curved parts can be stored or transported in a coiled form, Forming a variety of products when and where they are needed, It then unfolds and folds into a decisive size that is impressive and structurally intact. The product is made of beam material, To the ladder, To the building column and joist system. This technology has been applied to space, military, Commercial and residential structure, And many other industries, Here, when the parts are in an assembled state, The cost and effort to obtain a site location is very expensive and difficult. The tape and reel production line of Figure 2 can also optionally include a pair of hard-working die-cutters 709. Use the male and female stamping shapes to punch out the bow length -51 - 200902181 Cut and make the parts fall off 'The die cutting machine can also be used for flat and applied incremental material processing technology' but preferably they are hard-processed rotary molds 7 0 9. Advantages of the CNC cutting method for manufacturing the coil winding design folding structure This non-repetitive feature is easily programmed into the cutting process. Whether it is intermittent or continuous, The advantage of this hard machining stamping or rotary die cutting method is that it can effectively create this repeating feature. In particular, the arcuate long incision. Using a C N C cut in combination with the hard machining stamping/die cutting to create a coaxial system, Having the two forming steps between the unfolding and rewinding steps of the process, The maximum benefit of maximum production and flexibility can be reasonable. In the combined system, Such as shown in Figure 21, The advantages of each forming tool work. Figure 2 illustrates a method that can be used to form a three-dimensional structure, It is particularly useful where the structure is cut away from the structure and/or partially assembled prior to bending. A particularly interesting application is the creation of three-dimensional structures in outer space. Currently, this structure is assembled in outer space by a three-dimensional module; They are generally not really made in outer space. The problem with space assembly is that the module requires an undesired volume in the load of the rail aircraft. Until now, One of the problems in assembly in outer space is high strength, The tools required for three-dimensional structures are already very expensive and cumbersome. Another problem of assembling in space may be related to the high number of parts and the total number of high fasteners. on the one hand, The cumbersome and nearly completed modules have been launched and tied together. on the other hand, Until now, the intensive packaging of unassembled modules has resulted in a high total number of parts and a high total number of fasteners. One of the coils 704 of the sheet of material 70 1 can be designed and provided with a long slit or groove on the plurality of curved lines -52-200902181. If you should know, Coil 704 is a very compact structure for transporting material sheets. The sheet of material 701 will be formed with a long cut at a floor store with unlimited manufacturing equipment, for example using the tape take-up line of Figure 20. Openings and tabs, And other structural features that you want. Secondly, the coiled material sheet is transported to an outer space location by a spacecraft. The sheet of material 701 can then be unwound from the coil 704. And at the same time as or after the unfolding, the sheet of material can be fabricated into a three-dimensional structure using a hand tool or a conventional electric tool. This manufacturing is by bending the sheet of material along the bend line, And by bending the tab into a bite, Marking or automatic recording of the opening is done, The sheet of material is locked in a three-dimensional structure such as beam material 350. The beam can be sequentially connected to other structures. To create a complex three-dimensional structure and residence. When using the material sheet of the present invention to bend the long slit structure, Each elbow produced in the form of a long slit will preferably comprise the edge of the sheet of material to the surface support. This will cause the elbow to withstand considerable loads. The method and apparatus for cutting long slits and grooves of the present invention ensure precise positioning of the opposing edges and openings of the sheet of material and the tabs, In order to be able to close the structure. If the structure to be formed needs to be waterproof and use long slits, The elbow produced by the long cut can be filled with or otherwise filled with adhesive. For example, by welding or by welding with copper-zinc alloy. It is also possible to provide a closed or tight design that is very different from the tabs and grooves. A method of welding and overlapping one of the edges and a side wall of the sheet of material along the adjacent edges of the web and using fasteners. 22A-22G show another form of a box beam, It illustrates the flexibility of the apparatus and process of the present invention, That is, a cross or self-supporting box beam. • 53 - 200902181 The material piece 8 0 1 is not shown in Figure 2 2 A as cut along the bending lines 8 〇 2 and 803. In addition, 'providing a plurality of horizontal long slits 8〇4, This long cut will be used to provide the beam cross struts portion 806. The material sheet 801 is bent in the order of Figs. 22B-22G into a cross struts box beam 8〇7 (Fig. 22G). First, the side of the sheet of material having the cross-strut strip portion 806 can be bent to the position of Figure 2 2 . Next, the sheet of material is bent along the bending line 8 〇 3 to produce the cross struts 8 〇 6 of Fig. 22C. Then, the material sheet 8〇1 is bent to the position of the curved line 802a to the position of Fig. 22D. The sheet of material is bent around bending lines 802b and 802c in Figures 22E and 22F. And the final side flange 805 is bent upward and the piece of material is bent about the bending line 802d. To produce the beam material 8 07 of Figure 22G. Fasteners such as rivets or screws can be placed in the openings 8 0 8 and 809 (which are formed in the sheet of material 801 in alignment recording relationship), And can be used to secure the side flange 805 to the remainder of the box beam, To create a structure that will not bend or unfold. We will see that the beam 807 is provided at its center or has an X-shaped cross-beam array of 'extending along the beam to impart substantial strength to it. Therefore a very high intensity against weight, The inner struts of the box can be designed and formed from a single piece of material using the process of the present invention. As an optional step that can be added to many different structures formed using the apparatus and method of the present invention, The protective corner or shin guard 8 1 0 (Fig. 22G) can be attached above the curved corner 8〇2. To perform a smooth and/or decorative corner treatment. in this way, The L-shaped shinning plate 810 can be applied to the beam 807 as indicated by arrow 820. And, for example, by means of adhesives or fasteners, it is fixed at the appropriate -54-200902181 position. The shin guard 810 can be metal, Plastic or even decorative effect, As well as providing impact protection, The corner is bent/or sealed or fitted into the corner elbow. The shin guard 810 can be of a beam or other three-dimensional structure. The attached sill plate can assist in the negative elbow. In the cross-retaining box beam 807 of Figures 22A-22G, The material piece portion 806 is curved to an "X-shaped" structure. And located in the folded beam material, To provide an internal pillar. Another way of supporting the structure with adjacent walls is to use a sheet portion. Figure 23A-23E illustrates a pendulum pattern in another box beam which also has a reduced weight cut pattern. Figure 23 A 8 1 1 has been used with the present invention to cut a plurality of curved lines 8 1 2 with long cuts 8 1 1 尙 cut or stamped slits or weight-reducing openings 'to provide the struts of the folded wall of the beam , It has been proposed that 1 bending line 8 1 5 is bent outside the pendulum material piece portion 8 1 4 . In Figure 23 B, The outer pendulum portion 8 1 4 has been placed around the curved line to form the plane of the material piece 811. And in Figure 23C, The material edge 816 has been bent around the bending line 812 to a vertical orientation. The side wall portion 8 1 of the material sheet 8 1 1 has been bent again. In Fig. 2 3 E, the other side wall portion 8 17 has another bending line 8 1 2 to complete the box beam 8 1 8 . The last bending step, That is, the structure of the frame 23E of Fig. 23D, Causing overlapping edge portions 816 and causing externalities, Smoothing the head and circumscribing the load over the crossover and then obtaining or using different planes of the pendulum material struts, Material piece mouth. Sheet of material 813. In addition, the plural can be folded around 8 1 5 or the outside of the web. In Fig. 2 3 D is surrounded by a bend and curved around the structure to the figure 8 1 4 -55- 200902181 overlap. The edge 8 16 and the outer swing portion 8 1 4 can be provided with a fastener receiving opening 819, When using the edge-to-face bending technique of the present invention, Due to the high precision or accuracy possible, The opening will become aligned or overlap when the beam is folded to the state of Figure 2 3 E. in this way, Unillustrated fasteners such as rivets or screws can be inserted into the opening 8 1 9, Fixing the edges 8 1 6 against the unfolding of the beam 8 1 9 and securing the outer pendulum portions 8 1 4 together to provide support between the mutually perpendicular walls of the beam, And over the support of the beam. As will become apparent, the number of support outer swing portions may be increased by the number shown in the specific embodiment of the description. The use of the outer pendulum portion to support adjacent walls in different planes has been applied to many structures that are different from box beams. Now turn to Figure 2 4 and 2 5, It illustrates the advantages of bending of a sheet of low strength material that can be performed by the present invention. A sheet of material 841' is shown in Fig. 24 which has been formed with a plurality of arcuate long cuts 842 along the bend line in the manner described above. The formation of the box 843 from the sheet of material 841 can be easily accomplished using low force techniques. The sheet of material 843 can be placed over the opening 844 in the mold 846. And the four sides 847 of the box are simultaneously bent to an upright position. The vacuum source can be engaged using an actuator driven plunger 8 4 8 or a vacuum source to apply a vacuum to the mold 846 via the conduit 849 used. There is little or no need to clamp the piece of material 841 to the mold 846; Only the material piece 841 is positioned, The bending line is in a snap-fit relationship with the opening 844 in the mold. This can be accomplished, for example, by providing an indicator pin (not shown) at the top surface of the mold immediately adjacent the opening 844. The indicator pin will engage the sheet of material 8 4 4 at the top of each of the sides 8 7 of the sheet of material 8 4 . -56- 200902181 Depending on the material to be bent and its thickness, A negative pressure at the conduit 849 will be sufficient to pull the sheet of material 841 into the mold and thereby bend the side 847' upward or for a thicker sheet of material and a stronger material, The plunger 8 4 8 can also be used or required to perform bending. The box 843 can be used, for example, as an electromagnetic shield for small circuit boards. Such as those found in portable mobile phones, It has been caused by the advancement of the art of progressive mold stamping. The advantages of progressive die stamping are that it achieves sufficient precision' and it is suitable for low cost, Mass production. However, with the rapid changes in the products facing the market, The new shield design requires frequent replacement of the hard machining tool. This is particularly problematic at the end of the life of the product. Here many changes occur before the final design is selected. Another difficulty with relying on hard machining tools is that they must wait until the hard machining tool is available before they can rush to full load production. This can be as long as eight weeks' and this is expensive in a market with rapid design changes and short product life. Yet another problem with this progressive die stamping is the need to handle the accessibility of the components below for diagnostics or repair. If a significant portion of a batch of wafers has drawbacks and may require repair, A two-piece electromagnetic shielding unit with a low profile anti-interference fence, Soldering to the circuit, And use a "shoe cover" to cover it with an interference fit. This shortcoming is that the fence below takes some level of "real estate" away from the board. And the manufacture of two components is always more expensive than a component. Another prior art approach to accessibility is to use a method of circular perforations in the shield cover. The shield cover can be separated to allow one of the regions of the cover to face up along the side to be hinged. The method of the perforated door member causes some electromagnetic leakage to be -57-200902181, And it is difficult to cut and reseal the lid. Box 843 of Figure 24 shows a solution to the aforementioned problems using the techniques of the present invention. The electromagnetic shielding made by the arcuate long slit assisted bending method can be quickly prototyped. It does not require a design CAD system and a CNC cutting process such as a laser cutter for hard machining. Folding to the desired shape can be easily accomplished using the hand tool or manufacturing equipment of Figure 24. The initial throughput required to enter the mark by laser cutting, The rush to full load production can be achieved immediately. A lower cost stamping tool can be fabricated during the ramming phase to stamp the desired tab-tab for the disclosed geometry. The storming phase was originally supplied by a CNC cutting solution. In this way, Design cost, Storming, And the production can be reduced relative to the current example of waiting to make a progressive cavity mold. Another advantage of the present invention is the built-in access door for maintaining the internal parts therein. By separating the strip defined by the long slit 842 surrounding the three sides of the shield 8U and the edge 850 of the low side profile rectangular box 8 4 3 previously soldered to the board, The panel 840 of the box 843 can be rotated 90 degrees by a hinge. To allow temporary maintenance of access. When the repair is complete, The cover or panel 84 can be closed again and soldered again at the corner. Most metal alloys suitable for electromagnetic shielding will be used in this way for eight or more inlets and outlets before the hinged strip failure. A series of steps are shown in Figure 25, One of the sheets of material having a long slit according to the present invention can be placed in a box using a pneumatic bag or a vacuum jig. The sheet of material 861 is shown in a flat form on the left side of the sequence of Figure 25. Material -58- 200902181 The material 861 is actually two identical pieces of material, It has been joined together at the outer edge of the side 8 63 of the sheet of material at the bend line 826. It will become apparent when the box is formed. The sheet of material 861 can be transported to the left end of the sequence in the generally flat state shown. And then in the use position ', the three-dimensional box 8 6 5 shown on the right side of the sequence is placed. The in-situ forming of the box 865 can be easily accomplished using pneumatic or hydraulic means. Because the bending of the sheet of material 86 is only required to bend the minimum force required to bend the inclined strip. A bending technique will use a suction or vacuum clamp 864, It moves downwardly into contact with a planar central material sheet portion 867 of one of the sheets of material 861 as indicated by arrow 866. A vacuum system is applied to the suction clamp 864, And then move the part apart, As indicated by arrow 868, Until the box 865 is fully inflated, As shown on the right hand side of Figure 25. Another way is to insert an expandable bladder 869 into the slightly expanded box' as indicated by arrow 8.71. This insertion can be done before shipment or on site. The bladder 869 is then inflated pneumatically or hydraulically, And the box is gradually expanded or bent until it is in the state shown on the right hand side of Fig. 25. The box 865 can be fixed in the structure shown on the right hand side of Figure 25. 譬 By welding, Soldered with copper-zinc alloy, Or stick the side panel 8 6 3 in the corner 8 7 2 . Another advantage of the high precision bending or folding process of the present invention is that the geometry information can be used to create the low force, A high-precision curved structure is simultaneously embedded in the planar material. This information can be transmitted at a very low cost, correctly and as expected, into an expected three-dimensional relationship. -59- 200902181 The custom of symbols and geometries in the past has been used to convey messages about structural assembly. One aspect of the present invention is that the bend or fold command can be applied simultaneously to a flat piece of material formed by bending a long slit or groove. Another option is to fold the instructions via, for example, printing, attach a label, Or the second process of labeling is added to the flat part. In addition, information can be embedded in a flat form. It is intended to indicate an assembly process similar to a precision curved structure or an adjoining of parts from unfolded prior art and future art manufacturing methods. for example, A continuous pre-built wall structure can be formed from a single piece of material that is folded into a top and bottom joist having upper and lower studs. All expected windows, The doorway and electrical box can be embedded into the flat part as the physical geometry information is used for subsequent folding and assembly into the building. A convention can be established that a circular aperture in the structure indicates an electrical conduit that will later be threaded through the aperture. A square hole in a rounded corner indicates the hot water copper tube that should pass through the wall. In this way, This feature is not only located in the flat portion, but it can be correctly translated into the correct three-dimensional relationship. And finally this convention is communicated to traders’ they did not involve the structural establishment of the building. Here its activity intersects the structure. Furthermore, The communication of this information anticipates the activities of these traders, So that when they are threaded through their lower structure through the building, They do not have to change and repair the structure. Figure MA-26E illustrates a specific embodiment of a column wall surface, It can be folded out of a single piece of material using the sheet bending method of the present invention. In Figure 26α·26Ε, It is not intended to explain that the shape has been precisely positioned and designed to convey the opening of the information, etc. However, this material can be precisely positioned during the sheet cutting process. It should also be noted that the folded material sheet of Fig. 26 can be a column wall between the columns of a -60-200902181 and the joist. Or a ladder with a joint to the side support. Turn to Figure 26A, The sheet of material 901 has been bent along the plurality of lines, In order to be able to form a column wall or ladder structure. This long cut is formed and positioned as taught. In Figure 2 6 B, the 'last column or ladder cross-support 9 0 3 9 0 2 has been folded upward along the bending line 9 0 4 from the flat material piece 9 0 1 along the bending line 9 0 7 Additional end wall portion 906, As shown in Figure 26C. In Figure 26D, The rail bar 90 8 is folded up along the bending line 909. Finally, the strip 98 is folded along the curved line 9 1 1 in Fig. 2 6 E. The opening 9 1 2 in the joist/track 9 〇 8 is overlapped with the opening 913 (Fig. 26) in the inter-post/transverse wall 902 to be aligned or flush. A fastener such as a rivet or screw can be used for The joist/track to the column/cross 903, And thereby supporting the assembly in three dimensions with a load. When used as a ladder, The rails 9 0 8 are vertically extended by 90 3 horizontal. When used as a column wall, The joist 9 0 8 ' and the inter-column 9〇3 extend vertically. As will be known, The cross and rail/joints will also be scaled appropriately for application. As suggested above, Most applications of the cutting process and long cut of the present invention will require a plurality of long slits placed in an offset relationship along both sides of the desired curved side. This method will produce the most accurate material sheet elbow, Because here there will be two opposite and spaced apart actual rails with a long cut that is as long as the side wall. The next side or step beam or ladder joist/track near folding support 903 side relationship. 908 fixed form 9 1 4 , The transverse support is the horizontal or precise fulcrum of the struts or the interstitial material. The -61 - 200902181 The actual fulcrum will accurately cause the position of the virtual fulcrum to fall between the actual fulcrums on the desired bending line. Although there is a very small bending precision loss, The technique of the present invention can also be employed. It uses a single long slit and a curved strip. And the frame is formed to bend the piece of material along a curved line, Over the long slit, the edge-to-face engagement of the portion of the sheet of material occurs. Figures 27 and 28 illustrate the bending of the single long slit. A material sheet 941 is shown in FIG. It has been cut for bending into a wheeled drum casing that is generally marked with 942. As shown in Figure 28. The sheet of material 941 includes a long slit 943, Used to bend the tab 944 about the bend line 946. As will be seen, There is no long slit on the side of the curved line 946 facing the long slit 943. Even so, The tab 944 includes two shoulders 947 defining a curved strip 948, The arcuate end portion 949 of the long slit 943 is provided. It will also become apparent that the central axis 95 1 of the curved strip 948 is inclined relative to the curved line 946 in the opposite skew direction. When the tab 944 is bent into the page of Figure 27, The angled strip 948 will flex and twist and simultaneously pull up or pull out the lip 952 on the side of the long cut 943 ear to engage the face of the tab 95 3 on the side of the long cut body. in this way, Curved strip 948 due to tilting, Properly scaling and designing the shape again produces a sliding edge-to-face engagement. The material sheet 94 1 has other examples of curved long slits, It combines the partial incision or the edge of the material sheet, To provide a curved strip that will produce edge-to-face bending. For example, for bending line 956, The long slit 943a defines a slanted curved strip 948a by a local long slit 95 7 having a bowed end point 95 8 at the end -62-200902181 point opposite 'which is joined to the arcuate end 949a'. At the opposite end of the long slit 943a, The arcuate edge portion 959 is combined with the arcuate long slit end 949a to define another opposing skewed strip 948a. The resulting result of the strip 948a is curved around the edge-to-face of the bend line 95 6 . The long slit 943b is formed as a mirror image of the long slit 943 a. And an arcuate edge and a local long slit cooperate to define a sloped curved strip 948b. Similarly, the 'long slit 943 cooperates with an edge and a partial long slit to define a curved curved strip 948c, This ensures edge-to-face bending. At last, Long slits 943d cooperate with long slit portions 960 to define obliquely oriented curved strips 94d. The single long slit embodiment of the present apparatus and method as illustrated in Figure 27 is somewhat less precise than the positioning of the elbow in the desired bend line. But the loss of accuracy is small for many applications. In the frame illustrated in Fig. 28, a shaft 961 for the roller 962 passes through the opening 963, 964 and 965 (Fig. 27) 'When the material piece 941 is bent into the three-dimensional outer casing 942 of Fig. 28, It must form an alignment. therefore, The single long slit embodiment will result in an elbow that is still sufficiently precise. So that the opening 963 can be 964 and 965 are aligned within a few thousandths of a mile. It is used to insert the shaft 961 through the opening. The bending line termination or edge effect of the long slit cutting process and apparatus of the present invention is illustrated in FIG. A sheet of material 9 7 1 shows five curved lines 9 7 2 - 9 7 6 . A long slit 9 8 1 is formed in the sheet of material along a curved line as described above. When designing the long slit configuration map, consider the material piece -63- 200902181 97 1 982, Because it can affect the positioning of the long slit. On the bending line 9 7 2 The long slits 9 8 1 are set to a length and spacing ' so that a partial long slit 981a opens to the edge 982 of the sheet of material. This is an acceptable bend line termination strategy. On the bend line 973, The Minister’s Incision 981b opens to the edge 982 again. However, the local long slit 981b is sufficiently long. To include a bowed end point 9 8 3, A curved strip 9 8 4 is caused to face the curved strip 986. It can also be seen that the long slit 987 has a rectangular opening 988 extending across the long slit. The opening 988 is tied to the central portion of the long slit 987 and thus will not significantly affect the curved strip 984 or 986, It will also not affect the edge-to-face bending. On the curved line 974, the 'long slit 981c has an arcuate end 989, The end point defines a slanted curved strip 9 9 2 with the slanted edge portion 919. A similar geometry is shown for the long slit 9 8 1 d and the edge portion 9 9 3 . As mentioned above, Also related to the long slit of Figure 27 is the use of a material sheet edge, A curved strip is defined locally. At last, The arcuate edge portion 994 on the curved line 976 mates with the arcuate end 9 9 6 of the long slit 9 8 1 e to define the strip 9 9 7 . in this way, The edge portion 994 requires a long slit configuration. It is reversed by the orientation of the long slit 981d. The long slit 981e and the description when the long slit is configured, The limited nature of this long slit requires consideration of this edge effect. In most cases, The length of the long slit can be adjusted slightly to produce the desired bend line end or edge effect. </ RTI> In a further aspect of the invention 'as shown in Fig. 30', a method for forming a three dimensional structure is provided. The first step is to design the -3 - 200902181 the three-dimensional structure. This involves a substep 3 70a that originally imagined the design. Once a mourning is formed, Design will usually, But it is not necessary to proceed to step 3 70b or 370c, Among them, CAD or computer-aided design occurs. The selection step of a sheet of material and its thickness can occur selectively prior to CAD design step 370b or 370c or during CAD design step 370b or 37c. As can be seen in Figure 30, The CAD design steps 3 70b and 370c can include sub-steps of various alternatives. in this way, A common method is to perform step 3 701m ’ where the mourning design is built into 3-D CAD and then flattened. Another option is in step 3 70b2, The design can be established by continuously bending the flange or portion of the sheet of material. I can also design in 2-D. And announce or locate the bend line, This is substep 3 70 b3. Can be in step 37〇b4 via software, Alternatively, in step 370b5, the configuration of the appropriate or optimally designed long slit or groove of the invention may be manually performed. The design process of the present invention may also be based on a selection of a plurality of stored designs and/or parts in sub-step 37〇Cl. Usually by computer or a CAD software program. Then if the correction is needed, The CAD system can modify the selected part in sub-step 370c2, To complete the new or desired design. At last, In sub-step 370c3, The part is developed into a flat state by the software. Once designed, The next step is a step of cutting a long slit or groove, step 3 73, Preferably, it is driven by a CNC controller to drive a blank cutting device. Thus, the data representing the flat part and the design long slit or groove in sub-step 3 73 a ' is transmitted from the CAD or CAM system to a CNC controller. The controller then controls the cutting and manufacturing equipment for cutting and other forming steps. therefore, In substep 3 7 3 b, Use molding, Casting, Three-dimensional effect lithography etching) or subtractive (cut) or separate (punching, stamping, Punching) Manufacturing technology forming parts. Freely selectable, The flat piece of material formed can also be treated 3 3 3 c, The fixing of the components is 3 7 3 d, Test the steps of 3 7 3 e 4 373f, It is usually in a flat or coiled state. A shipping step 375 will typically occur prior to the bending of the sheet of material in step 377. The long slit stock is attached to a flat or disc most efficiently from the manufacturing location to a distal end of the bend and 〇 bending or folding step 377 is precision and low strength. The structure 'cures along the complex bending line, And generally continuing until a portion is contiguous 'here they can be at an adjacent portion of the sheet of material to produce a hard load bearing a three-dimensional structure at step 379' in three dimensions, The load bearing structure is joined by a surrounding step by virtue of a surrounding step. Encapsulation can be used for at least three strategies. In the present invention, The geometry of the long angle of the incision does not inform the angle of the fold for a particular angle of the fold ' as shown in Figure 20 using a long angle technique to affect the angle of the edge-to-face meshing of the largest contact surface Generally speaking, in some cases referred to by at least three joint planes, There is no chance to link three orthogonal independent planes, Another method of defining a limit of rotation angle is defined. One method is to fold the additional type (cut, Cut off the flat zero by such a table, And store the song or fold in the roll state in the assembly location in most of the two pieces of material joined together. Selectively fix the fold. (Although the slit is inclined). Every show. In the case of ~ need to stack the structure -66 - 200902181 against a well-known reference structure with an angle relationship, And copper-zinc alloy welding, welding, Soft connection, Or a method of attaching to the structural gusset to lock the angle into a suitable system using an internal structure and a surrounding structure defining an angular form, That is, the internal structure is surrounded. By reference numeral 376a in Figure 30, b refers to this second method embodiment, The inner part can be left in place in some cases 'it only contributes to the folding process 3 76a ) ° other applications of the encapsulation are obtained by means of another structure or component, This is a functional part process in which a folded material of the present invention can or may not be formed by the present invention. for example, Figure 10 illustrates only one of the many "catch" opportunities encased in the invention. in this way, 6 1 1 surrounds the cylinder 6 3 1. When the folding of two or more modules of the present invention forms a connecting portion between two or more components, The envelope 'this component comprises the folded panel of the present invention. The third component formed in the planar material of the present invention, in combination with the enveloping nature of the closure or bonding process, The ability to bond the majority of the components together is feasible. Cutting and assembly adjustments. This is an alignment hole with the present invention, The ability of the tabs and grooves is different. It is a way of borrowing. By adhesive, Use the inside or outside of the fold. Another method is to bend the design and manufacturing process at this angle. In the package (376b), Or a special feature of the subsequent removal (encapsulation or enclosing of the part web structure and a combination of the same) by means of the folded material sheet structure, Or at least one of the dimensions of another type of architecture can be accurate, Make a high success ’ without the need for secondary solid parts, The process of the present invention may also include a repeating step 380, such as by splicing the joints in a -67-200902181. The ability to use this method to create inexpensive 3D parts provides the designer with a practical rarity to reverse the design before deciding on a production design. The long slit-based bending method and apparatus of the present invention are capable of high precision bending tolerances. Can use a CNC machine to control, for example, a laser, Or a water jet cutter, The stamping or punching mold configures the original long slit with extremely high precision. And the elbow made will be ±〇. 〇〇5吋 Tolerance positioning, while machining with micro-parts. This is at least as good or better than using a bender and a highly skilled operator. An additional advantage of using a stamping mold is that the mold can be wedge shaped to compress the long cut transversely or in the width direction of the slit. This will locally compress the sheet of material at the long cut for better fatigue resistance. This transverse compression must also be considered when designing all slit widths to create edge-to-face contact during bending. It may also follow a laser or water jet cut followed by a wedge-shaped stamping die to compress the long cut to promote fatigue resistance. Moreover, these tolerance errors do not accumulate when using the bending scheme of the present invention, and a case of a bending machine will accumulate. Alternatively, the long slit or groove can be cast or molded into a sheet of material or cast three-dimensional member' and has a similar sheet-like extension or hem that needs to be folded. When forming materials in near-micro or very small dimensions, other forming methods commonly used in the field of microelectronics and Mems, such as electron beam lithography and hungry, can be used to perform the extremely high accuracy geometry required by the present invention. . It is not like manipulating a laser beam (or sheet of material) to make a curved groove or long slit. This electron beam can also be selectively controlled or designed into the desired structure -68-200902181 and used to cut trenches or long Cut without moving the electron beam. This power requirement is currently the most practical light thickness measurement tool for sheet metal or plastic materials. The fabrication techniques in the method of the present invention may also include, for example, correcting defects in the long slit or trench, solvent etching, anodizing, processing to prevent surface corrosion, and applying compliant coatings such as coatings, polymers, and various water leakage prevention The step of the compound. In the above description, it will also be understood that another point of the method for precisely bending a sheet of material of the present invention comprises forming a plurality of longitudinal directions in an axially spaced relationship in a direction extending along a bending line and immediately adjacent to a bending line. The step of extending the long slit or groove to define a curved web between the pair of longitudinally adjacent long slits. In one embodiment, each of the longitudinally extending long slits is formed by longitudinally extending long slit segments joined by at least one long slit section extending transversely. In a second embodiment, the long slit or groove is curved or has an end portion that is offset from the bend line to define a curved strip that is preferably inclined relative to the bend line and width increase. In both embodiments, the strip can be bent about the virtual fulcrum, ultimately engaging the edge-to-face of the sheet of material on opposite sides of the long slit. The number and length of the curved strip webs and long slits or grooves can also vary widely within the scope of the invention. The width or cross-sectional area of the curved strip and the transverse divergence of the strip may also vary independently of the spacing between the long slits. An additional step of the method is to generally traverse the curved web of curved material along the bend line. The method of the present invention can be applied to various types of raw material sheets. It is especially suitable for use with metal stock sheets, such as aluminum or steel, and can have a thickness of -69-200902181 and various initials (such as 2 吋 carbon steel, 6061 aluminum with T6 twist, some ceramics and composites). ). However, with the method of the present invention, certain types of sheets of plastic or polymeric material and plastically deformable sheets of synthetic material are also suitable for bending. The nature of these materials is relative to a given temperature, and in the case of the present invention, fluctuations in temperature may require a particularly suitable material. The method and resulting long slit material sheet are more particularly suitable for precise bending away from the long slit cutter or groove cutter. Furthermore, the elbow can be precisely fabricated without using a bending machine. The sheet of material can also be bent with a bender and cut into long cuts or grooves for later bending by the maker. This allows the stock sheet to be transported in a flat or nested configuration for bending away from the manufacturing location to complete the attachment. The bending machine elbow can be stronger than the unreinforced long incision elbow, so that one of the two elbows can be used to increase the strength of the final product, so that the bending machine elbow is positioned along the edge of the material piece. . The elbow having a long slit or groove can be bent only partially to the outside so that the material piece can still be overlaid for transport. The curved product has overlapping edge-to-face engagements and stops. This enhances the ability of the product to withstand loads from different directions without significantly increasing the stress on the curved strip. If a further strength is required, or for decoration, the sheet of curved material may be reinforced, such as by welding or otherwise attaching a slab or sheet of curved material along the bend line. It should be noted that one of the advantages of forming a long slit having essentially zero slits is that the curved web has less openings therethrough along the bend line. Thus, for decoration, it is less likely that welding or charging along the bend line is required. -70- 200902181 It should be noted that although straight elbows have been described so far, bow elbows can also be achieved. A technique for producing a buckling bend line is shown in Fig. 3, i.e., the exact same strip defining structure is disposed along a flexing bend line such that the virtual fulcrum falls on the desired curved centerline. The sheet of material 931 has been cut with identical long slits 932 which are positioned on opposite sides of the flexure bend line 93 3 and are folded into a corrugated panel. The long slit 9 3 2 is shown as having a central portion that linearly and deviates or flexes away from the end portion. However, the long slit 932 is designed as a curved line. When the radius of curvature of the bending line 913 is reduced, the length of the long slit 932 along the bending line 93 2 can be shortened to be closer to the curve. It should be noted that the corrugated material sheet 913 has a hat-shaped cross section generally found in corrugated panels that are rolled into shape. When used as a slab structure, this structure is not as desirable as the continuous panel of Figure 14, because the chord material sheet portion 934 contains only about half of the total panel quality, but in other applications. It has advantages and requires less material. The second technique uses a non-identical strip to define a long slit to design the shape of the curved strip, which produces a smooth flexing elbow. The sheet of curved material will have a buckling surface on both sides of the bend line. If a stepped long slit is used, the longitudinally extending long slit segment can be shortened. The distribution and width of the curved strips may vary along a length of a given bend line for various reasons, including the exchange of local forces required for bending and the residual strength of the unreinforced bend. For example, an adjoining member that may be formed at the same time as the curved strip of the present invention may be in close proximity to the bend line such that the nearest -71 - 200902181 curved strip is formed or formed with less frequency near the access member. A thinner material to maintain the planarity of the curved material. Finally, the curved structure of the present invention can be easily straightened. This allows the three dimensional structure to be disassembled or unassembled for transport to another location or for recycling to use the sheet of material. It has been found that the sheet of flex material is generally straight, or even subjected to a reverse bend, and thereafter bent again for 5 to 10 or more cycles. This allows a structure to be bent or assembled at a location and then straightened, transported and re-bent at a second location. Easy straightening also allows the structure to be straightened and sent to a recycling center for repeated use of the sheet of material and the removed components. The words "upward" or "above", "downward" or "lower", "inside" and "outside" are used to refer to the position of the component of the present invention for convenience of description and precise definition in the scope of the appended claims. Describe this component as shown on the various drawings. The foregoing description of the specific embodiments of the invention has been shown They are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed. The embodiment was chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention, Various specific embodiments. The scope of the invention is intended to be defined by the scope of the appended claims and the appended claims. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS -72 - 200902181 Fig. 1 is a fragment of a material sheet, a top plan view in which a long slit and a groove are formed in accordance with a prior art technique. Figure 1A is an enlarged, fragmentary cross-sectional view of the sheet of Figure 1 as it is in a curved state. It is generally taken from the plane along line 1 A-1 A in Figure 1. Figure 1B is an enlarged, fragmentary cross-sectional view of the sheet of Figure 1 as it is in a curved state. It is generally taken from the plane along section line 1B-1B in Figure 1. Figure 2 is a fragmentary, top plan view of a sheet of material in which a plurality of long slits are formed using another alternative architecture known in the prior art. Figure 2A is a side elevational view of the enlarged section of the sheet of material of Figure 2 bent up to about 9 degrees. Figure 2B is a cross-sectional view taken generally from the plane of the line 2 B - 2 B along the line 2 in Figure 2A. Figure 3 is a fragmentary, top plan view of a representative piece of material having a strip defining structure made in accordance with the present invention. Η 4 is a fragmentary top plan view of a long slit of one of the structures shown in Figure 3, which has been formed using a fast piercing laser cutting technique. Ffl 5Α-5Ε is a top perspective view of a sheet of material made in accordance with the present invention, bent into a frame for supporting components such as electrical components. ® 6 Series - Another alternative embodiment of the material sheet is a fragment, top plan view prior to bending and forming the same sheet of material into a curved box beam. ® 7 is a side view of a curved box-shaped beam made of two sheets of material. The mother-material sheet is cut with a long slit as shown in FIG. -73- 200902181 Figure 8 is an end view of one of the truss beams. Figure 9 is a top plan view of a sheet of material formed with the strip defining structure and frame of the present invention for enclosing a cylindrical member. Figure 10 is a top perspective view of one of the sheets of Figure 8 bent and mounted along a bend line to enclose a cylindrical member. Figure 11 is a top perspective, exploded view of a corrugated assembly formed using a sheet of material formed in accordance with the present invention. Figure 12 is a top perspective, exploded view of another alternative embodiment of a sheet of material formed in accordance with the present invention. Figure 13 is a top plan view of one of the sheets of cut long cut material used to form a corrugated laminate prior to bending or folding. Figure 14 is a top perspective view of a sheet or sheet of corrugated material made using a sheet of long slit material of Figure 13. Figure 15 is an enlarged, fragmentary perspective view generally limited by the line 1 5 -1 5 of Figure 14. Figure 16 is an enlarged, fragmented, top plan view generally limited by section line 16-16 of Figure 13. Figure 17 is a schematic, end elevational view of a cylindrical member made using a sheet of corrugated material similar to that of Figures 13 and 14, which has been enlarged to define a cylindrical pattern. Figure 18 is an enlarged, fragmented, side view of a long slit of a sheet of material in accordance with the present invention and has been displaced by a tab or tab to ensure predictable bending. Figure 1 9 is a reduction of one of the material sheets during bending, and the end view is side-by-side -74- 200902181 Figure 20 is a fragment of the length of the material sheet at an oblique angle to the plane of the sheet of material, an end view of the end point, and Displayed as a complementary angle during bending. Figure 2 is a side elevational view of a cut line of a web of tape material arranged in accordance with the present invention. Figures 22A-22G are top perspective views of a sheet of material made in accordance with the present invention' which in fact are bent into a cross-strut box beam. Figure 23 A-23E is a top perspective view of a sheet of material comprising an outer pendulum struts and, in fact, curved to form an outer slanted support box beam. Figure 24 is a top perspective view of an apparatus embodiment suitable for low force bending or folding of the long slit material sheet of the present invention. Figure 25 is a top perspective view showing another embodiment of the bending or folding process of the sheet of material of the present invention. Figures 26A-26E are top perspective views of a sheet of material made in accordance with the present invention which is in fact bent into a cylindrical wall/ladder. Figure 27 is a top plan view of a long slit of a sheet of material in accordance with the present invention and including a single long slit. Figure 2 is a top perspective view of the sheet of material of Figure 27 bent into a roller shell. Figure 29 is a top plan view of a fragment of a sheet of material having different curved line endings. Figure 30 is a flow diagram of an argument for an interactive design, fabrication, and assembly process for bending a long slit material sheet of the present invention. Figure 3 is a top perspective view of a curved corrugated laminate or flat-75-200902181 panel made in accordance with the present invention. Main component comparison table 2 1 : material sheet 23 : long slit 23 a : long slit 23 b : groove 2 5 : bending line 27 : web 27 a : web 27 b : web 29 : web 3 1 : long slit 3 2 : Material sheet 3 3 : bending line 3 4 : strip 3 5 : material sheet portion 3 6 : material sheet portion 3 7 : position 38 : surface 40 : open end point G : gap J : recessed distance 3 5 0 : Beam-76 200902181 5 40 : 541 : 542 : 543 : 5 44 ·· 5 4 4a 546 : 547 : 54 8 : 549 : 55 1·· 5 5 2 : 5 5 3 : 5 54 : 5 5 5 : 5 5 6 : 5 60 : 561 : 5 62 : 5 62a 5 62b 5 63 : 5 63 a Lip side material piece long slit bending line strip: narrow arcuate part center point end part curved part curved part Part of the arrow center line part of the tongue side second part of the piercing material sheet bending line: fold line • fold line long cut line 5 6 3 b : fold line 200902181 5 64: long cut 5 6 5: piercing perforation 5 6 6 : top 5 6 7 : notch 567a: notch 567b: notch 5 6 8 : edge 5 6 9 : curved strip 5 7 1 : blade 571a: blade 57 1 b : blade 5 7 2 : center portion 5 72a : U shape Material sheet 5 7 2b · U-shaped material sheet 5 76 : long slit 5 77 : long slit 5 7 8 : center portion 580 : opening 5 8 1 : box beam 5 82 : region 5 8 3 : rivet 6 1 1 : material sheet 6 1 2 : Polyline 6 1 3 : Polyline -78- 200902181 6 1 4 : Polyline 6 1 5 : Polyline 6 1 6 : Polyline 6 1 7 : Polyline 6 1 8 : Side edge 6 1 9 : Notch 621 : Tab 622 : Opening 623 : Opening 624 : Long slit 6 3 1 : Column 6 3 6 : Panel 63 7 : Panel 638 : Panel 639 : Panel 641 : Material sheet 642 : Polyline 643 : Polyline 644 : Polyline 645 : Polyline 646 : Polyline 647 : Polyline 649: Tab 65 1 : Long slit -79 200902181 652 : 65 6 : 65 7 : 661 : 662 : 663 : 664 : 666 : 667 : 66 8 · · 68 1 : 6 82 : 6 8 3 : 684 : 6 8 7 : 68 8 : 68 9 : 690 : 691 : 692 : 69 3 : 694 : 695 : U-cut flat material piece long slit corrugated material piece fold line tab opening material piece opening long cut box beam bending line length Cutting tongue arrow corner lip surface material piece long slit bending line lower edge lip 6 9 6: face 200002181 697 : tongue 698 : lower surface 7 0 1 : material piece 702 : Feed coil 7 0 3 : Cutter 704 : Coil 706 : Leveling device 7 0 7 : Press belt roller 7 〇 8 : Web 709 : Die cutting machine 7 1 0 : Roller 7 2 1 : Material sheet 722 : Bending Line 722a: bending line 722b: bending line 722c: bending line 722d: bending line 723: long slit 724: tab 724a: tab 725: opening 7 2 6 : panel 7 2 7 : web portion 7 2 7 a : web 200902181 7 2 7 b : web 7 2 8 chord part 7 2 8 a : chord 7 2 8 b : chord 729 : end flange 730 : notch 7 3 1 : top 7 3 4 : head 741 : cylindrical member 7 4 2 : web 7 4 3 : chord 744 : inner diameter 7 4 6 : outer diameter 8 0 1 : material piece 8 02 : bending line 8 02a : bending line 802b : bending line 8 02c : bending line 8 0 2 d : bending line 8 0 3 : bending line 804 : long slit 8 0 5 : side flange 8 0 6 : material piece part 8 0 7 : box beam 200902181 8 0 8 : 8 09 : 8 10: 8 11: 812 : 8 13: 814 : 8 15: 8 16: 8 17: 8 18: 8 19: 820 : 821 : 822 : 823 : 824 : 826 : 827 : 83 1: 832 : 83 3 : 834 : 8 3 7 : Open opening guard plate material sheet bending line opening material piece Part of the curved line outer edge side wall part box beam opening arrow material piece slit opening tab flange groove bending line bending line bending line bending line bending line -83- 200902181 8 3 8 : groove 840 : panel 841 : material Sheet 842: Long slit 843: Box 844: Opening 846: Mold 847: Side 8 4 8: Plunger 849: Catheter 850: Edge 8 6 1 : Material sheet 8 62: Bending line 863: Side 8 64: Clamp 865: Box 866: arrow 867: material piece portion 8 6 8 : arrow 869 : pocket 8 7 1 : arrow 872 : corner 901 : material piece 902 : side wall portion - 84 - 200902181 90 3 : cross support 9 0 4 : bending line 906: step portion 9 0 7 : bending line 9 0 8 : rail 9 9 9 : bending line 9 1 1 : bending line 912 : opening 913 : opening □ 9 1 4 : component 9 3 1 : material sheet 9 3 2 : long slit 9 3 3 : bending line 9 3 4 : material sheet portion 9 4 1 : material sheet 9 4 2 : outer casing 943 : long slit 943 a : long slit 943 b : long slit 943 c : long slit 943 d : Long slit 944 : Ear 946 : Bending line 9 4 7 : Shoulder - 85 - 200902181 94 8 : Strip 9 4 8 a : Strip 948b : Strip 9 4 8 c : Strip 9 4 8 d : Narrow Article 9 4 9 : Point portion 949a: arcuate end point 9 5 1 : central axis 9 5 2 : lip 95 3 : tongue 9 5 6 : bending line 95 7 : long slit 9 5 8 : arcuate end point 9 5 9 : edge portion 960: long slit portion 961: shaft 9 6 2 : roller 963: opening 9 64 : opening 965 : opening 9 7 1 : material sheet 972 : bending line 973 : bending line 9 7 4 : bending line 200002181 9 7 5 : bending Line 976: Bending line 9 8 1 : Long slit 9 8 1a: Long slit 9 8 1b·· Long slit 98 1c : Long slit 9 8 1 d '· Long slit 9 8 1 e : Long slit 982 : Edge 9 8 3 : arcuate end point 9 8 4 : strip 9 8 6 : strip 98 7 : long slit 98 8 : opening 9 8 9 : arcuate end point 9 9 1 : edge part 9 9 2 : strip 9 9 3 : edge Part 9 9 4 : Edge Part 996: Bow End 9 9 7 : Strip