200902172 九、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明涉及-種廢棄物處理方法及裝置。且體涉及一 種將生物源廢棄物置於密封容器巾進行處理以産生高附加 值産品的生物源廢棄物處理方法及事置。 【先前技術】 衆所周知，廢棄物的處理以及回收利用具有重要的社 會意義和經濟意義。長期以來人們致力於研究廢棄物的處 理和回收個方法，希望能夠達到廢棄物循環使用、節約 資源、保護環境的目的。 現有技術中，廢物處理和回收利用的方法有填埋處 理、焚燒處理、化學處理等多種方式。 填埋處理無法實現資源的充分再利用，並且對於那些 難以降解的物質’填埋處理對環境並不友好。 焚燒處理廢棄物時’在焚燒過程中產生大量有害氣 體丄造成大氣污染，_還存在安全隱患。並且對於含水 率冋的廢棄物’如污泥、㈣、生活垃圾等，焚燒前要先 通過脫水設備進行脫核理，而目前的脫水設備尚不足以 使脫水後廢棄物的含水率降低到能夠直接焚燒的好 =需要加人化石燃料助燃，因此處理成本高、處ς時= 學試劑 最終得 製造液 化子處理廢棄物時，通常首先使用酸、驗等化 進行分解’使廢棄物細微化，紐進行後續處理， 到符合要求的物質。例如，以生物源廢棄物爲原料 200902172 移到下個工業流 。這種方法，不 而且産量少，並 體燃料（乙醇等）的時候，爲了順利地轉 程，在前期處理時利用稀硫酸等化學試劑 但工藝時間長、工藝複雜、投入能源多， 且由於在前期處理時加入了酸、域等化學試劑，因此也不 是一種環境友好的方法。 (-200902172 IX. Description of the Invention: [Technical Field of the Invention] The present invention relates to a waste disposal method and apparatus. The invention relates to a biological source waste disposal method and an object for placing biological waste in a sealed container to be processed to produce a high value-added product. [Prior Art] It is well known that waste disposal and recycling have important social and economic significance. For a long time, people have been working on the treatment and recycling of waste, hoping to achieve the purpose of recycling waste, conserving resources and protecting the environment. In the prior art, waste treatment and recycling methods include landfill treatment, incineration treatment, and chemical treatment. Landfill treatments do not allow for adequate reuse of resources, and landfill treatments that are difficult to degrade are environmentally unfriendly. When incinerating wastes, 'a large amount of harmful gas is generated during the incineration process, causing air pollution. _ There are still safety hazards. And for wastes with a high moisture content, such as sludge, (4), domestic garbage, etc., it must be denucleated by dehydration equipment before incineration, and the current dewatering equipment is not enough to reduce the moisture content of waste after dewatering. The direct incineration is good = the need to add fossil fuels to support combustion, so when the treatment cost is high, when the sputum reagent is finally used to produce liquefied sludge treatment waste, it is usually first decomposed by acid, test, etc. to make the waste fine. New Zealand will be followed up to meet the required substances. For example, using bio-source waste as raw material 200902172 moved to the next industrial stream. This method does not require a small amount of production, and when using a body fuel (ethanol, etc.), in order to smoothly transfer, chemical reagents such as dilute sulfuric acid are used in the early stage treatment, but the process time is long, the process is complicated, and the energy input is large, and Chemicals such as acids and domains have been added to the pre-treatment, so it is not an environmentally friendly method. (-
總之，無論是使用填埋處理方式還是焚燒處理方式， 都不能産生高附加值的産品。而採用化學處理方法獲取高 附加值的産品也存在很大困難’因此上述三種處理方式不 符合節約資源、循環使用、保護環境的新理念。 亞臨界水處理廢棄物是近年來新興的廢棄物處理方式 ⑽趣麵測.丨）。所謂的㈣界水是減於臨界點 (臨界溫度374.代、臨界壓力22.1MPa)以下並且處於臨 界點附近的狀態的水。基於亞臨界水對物質的分解作用， 使廢棄物低分子化。吉田弘之綜述了通過亞臨界水在處理 農業、林業、畜産業領域廢棄物中應用的可能性。雖然該 方法對魚骨、魚鱗、污泥、廢木材等生物源廢棄物可 行極爲有效的處理，但是該處理方法所需要的溫度和壓力 (374.4°C、22.1MPa)都很高，因此對於設備的要求苛^， 而且能耗很大。此外，對於該處理方法所獲得的産品如何 進行後續的進一步分離，尚沒有相關的現有技術可供泉°。 【發明内容】 > 个：听要解決的技術間题在於，針對現有技術中、 棄物處理的不足，提出一種生物源廢棄物處理裝置、廢 法，用於處理生物源廢棄物，以產生具有高附加值 ^方 」座品， 6 200902172 使得所述线源廢棄物可以充分循環利用，並且操作條件 溫和簡便、處理效果好、能耗低、保護環境。 爲了解決上述的技術問題，本發明提供了一種生物源 廢棄物處理方法，包括以下步驟·· 步驟1 :將生物源廢棄物與水蒸汽混合均勻，使混合後 的溫度達到130〜19(TC，壓力達到並維^ 1 〜25分鐘； 步驟2 :將上述生物源廢棄物與水蒸汽的混合物的壓力 降到常壓’使生物源廢棄物發生低分子化； 步驟3 :對發生低分子化的混合物進行分離，得到最終 産物。 在步驟1中，在將生物源廢棄物與水蒸汽混合時，斜 生物源廢棄物進行攪拌，使生物源廢棄物與水蒸汽混合岣 勻。 = 進一步地’在上述生物源廢棄物處理方法的步驟1中， 在將生物源廢茶物與水蒸汽混合時，對生物源廢棄物進行 攪拌，使生物源廢棄物與水蒸汽混合均勻。爲了能達到使 生物源廢棄物與水蒸汽混合均勻同時又節省能源的目的， 更好地，步驟1中，在將生物源廢棄物與水蒸汽混合時， 當溫度達到130〜190°C，壓力達到1.5〜1.9MPa時，再對 生物源廢棄物進行攪拌。 進一步地，在上述生物源廢棄物處理方法的步驟2中， 將所述生物源廢棄物與水蒸汽的混合物的壓力降到常髮的 時間爲30〜60秒。 7 200902172 進-步地，在上述生物源廢棄物處理方法的步驟 對發生低分子化的混合物進行分離時，採用離心 」 置分離、加Μ分離、膜分離，或者上述分離方法的级人砰 爲了防止得到的低分子化混合物被氧化或雜菌侵口入， 在上述生物源廢棄物處理方法的步驟 混合物進行分離前，向其加人不活=子化的 的氮教、袅今访 孔體如惰性氣體中 的目二乳、乃飞氣專，以達到防氧化和一些微生物混入 分二理方法的步驟3中，對發生低 γ口物進订分離時，首先採用液固分離法，對 工固=合固分離，並收集低分子化液體 ==與發生低二==述=2 集後的低分子化 ：：广：熱交換；爲了降低收 合物進行液固分離之;Γ!: 對所述低分子化的混 對戶請的液體組分進行熱交^低分子化的液體組分之前， 源二的問題，本發明還提供了-種生物 反應容器，用於容納各種 攪拌裝置，置;^、十、W棄物進行水熱反應； 中的廢棄物； ' u Μ各态内，用於攪拌反應容器 水蒸氣輸入裂置，其與所述反應容器相連通，用於向 200902172 所述反應谷器輪入中壓水蒸氣. 減壓調整裝置，其入口盘所 反應容器内具有一定溫产、 反應谷器連接，用於對 及 Μ力的混合物體減髮至常歷； 分離裝置’其朗料壓 於對反應容器輪出産物 表置的出口相連通，用 後的混合物進行分離，以得到所达減壓調整裳置減壓 、社本l_L 』取、冬產物。 進一步地’上述的生物 拌裝置包括：-旋轉轴，—個〜、物處理裳置中的所述擾 構，所述旋轉軸水平地貫通所茱片’及動力機 設置在所述反應器内部的 ：應-盗；所述攪拌葉片 器外部的水平旋轉軸的一端連所j動力機構與反應 動。爲了使攪拌效果更好，w、，用於帶動所述旋轉軸轉 上的安裝方式進行特殊一十° M對攪拌葉片在水平旋轉軸 前傾斜地間隔設置在所二旋轉^將所述授拌葉片垂直向 以爲電動機。通過—控制’所述動力機構一般可 機，啓動/停止電動媸輪出控制指令給所述的電動 摔的時機繼㈣度軸機的魏，-來控， 反應容器的密封性，在所述旋轉神與所迷 轉轴與所述反，用於密―’ 更具體地’所雜縣置包_定件 蓋， 述固定件套設在所述旋轉轴上，並與戶斤述反應容 °°疋連接，所述墊圈套設在所述旋轉軸和固定件之間， 9 200902172 所述壓盍套設在所述旋轉軸上，壓在所述墊圈上，並與所 述固疋件相連接。爲了達到更好的密封效果，所述墊圈爲 多個，依次相疊地套設在所述旋轉軸上。另外，在所述壓 蓋與固t件的連接之處設有彈性元件，如爲彈簧或機械^ 衝部件，如油壓緩衝器、，以便在所述塾圈被磨損的情況下， 通過，性元件可以自動壓蓋，㈣水蒸驗漏，確保 反應谷㈣壓力的恒定。這樣，通過侧和壓蓋將旋轉轴 ，反應m封起來，使得反應容器的保溫性和氣密性非 苇好，以更好地完成混合物的低分子化反應。 上述生物源廢棄物處理裝置中所述減壓調整 。通過控制該減_整閱，來控制對反應容= 減壓時機及時間。 令σσ的 处的生物源廢辛物虛壬Γ恶+ -級分鮮^ 裝置中，所述分離裝置包括： 裝置用於對所述反應容:二:叙：’其中’所述-級分離 壓的混合物進行固液分離.Ί㈣所錢壓調整裝置減 分離裝置和/或所述反應容器^二級分離裝置與所述—級 出産物和/或所述„級；離 用於對所述反應容器輪 離，以得到最終産物。後的産物進行二次分 在上述的生物源廢棄物處理 裝置包括液固分離器、固體收容;;置中’所述的一級分離 所述液固分離器的人體收容槽，其中， 接，經過_分_㈣料壓調整裝置連 容槽，經過液时_固體 2賴述液體收 u體出口輪出到所述固體 10 200902172 收容槽。 另外，在所述液固分離器和所述減壓調整裝置之間還 包括第一熱交換器，用於保持進行液固分離時所述低分子 化的混合物的溫度與發生低分子化時的溫度相當；在所述 液固分離器和所述液體收容槽之間還包括第二熱交換器， 用於冷凝從所述液固分離器輸出的液體；所述第一熱交換 器或第二熱交換器可以爲盤管熱交換器。 上述的生物源廢棄物處理裝置中的所述液固分離器位 於高出所述減壓調整裝置5〜15米的位置。 在上述的生物源廢棄物處理裝置中，所述二級分離裝 置包括：離心分離裝置或/和靜置分離裝置或/和加壓分離 裝置或/和壓力分離裝置或/和膜處理裝置。由於這些分離 裝置可以利用公知技術中的分離裝置，因此，其結構在此 不再贅述。 另外，本發明中的所述反應容器可以爲多個，並列設 置，與所述反應容器連接的攪拌裝置、水蒸氣輸入裝置和 減壓調整裝置的個數與所述反應容器的個數相對應。 本發明中所述的生物源廢棄物包括農業、林業、工業、 畜牧業、漁業以及人們曰常生活産生的各種廢棄物。所述 來自農業的生物源廢棄物例如土壤、稻穀殼、稻草、農作 物猎稈、大蒜、紅薯、向日蔡等；所述來自林業的生物源 廢棄物例如竹類、杉樹類、銀杏樹等；所述來自工業的生 物源廢棄物例如砂糖製造殘渣、豆腐渣、酒糟等；所述來 自畜牧業的生物源廢棄物包括畜産污泥、雞糞、豬糞、牛 11 200902172 糞、鳥羽毛等；所述來自漁業的生物源廢棄物包括水産廢 棄物例如蟹殼、貝殼、魚皮、蝦殼和扇貝的腸腺、碎海帶、 海藻、海草等；所述來自日常生活的生物源廢棄物例如生 活垃圾、下水道、湖泊和河川的污泥、廢紙、食物殘潰、 醫療廢棄物等。 通過本發明所述的方法及裝置處理各種生物源廢棄 物，操作方便，能耗低，操作條件溫和簡便，處理效果好， 處理後可得到高附加值的産品，如有些可以作爲燃料、肥 料、飼料等直接使用，有些也可作爲醫藥、化妝品、調味 料、營養保健品等的原料，使得所述生物源廢棄物可以充 分循環利用，順應了保護環境、循環利用、節約資源、變 廢爲寶的生産理念。 下面結合具體實施例和附圖對本發明的技術方案進行 詳細地說明。 【實施方式】 第一圖爲本發明所述生物源廢棄物處理裝置一具體實施例 的結構不意圖。 第二圖爲本發明所述生物源廢棄物處理裝置一具體實施例 中的轴封裝置的結構示意圖。 第三圖爲本發明所述生物源廢棄物處理方法一具體實施例 的流程圖。 【圖式簡早說明】 本發明爲了處理生物源廢棄物，以產生具有高附加值 的產品，使得所述生物源廢棄物可以充分循環利用，提供 12 200902172 了-種生物源廢聽處理裝置及料 體實施例的示意圖如第一圖所示，：：凌置的-個具 物源廢棄魏轉置包括：容納各所涉及到的生 應的反應容器1、·反應容ϋ中廢、的/1進行水熱反 反應容器中輸入中壓水蒸氣的水蒸 見拌裝置2、向 閥4、用於分離和容納反應容器中壓力H3、減壓調整 液固分離裝置5和二級分離裝置6。臀後的液固成分的 其中，所述反應容器i是由耐中壓 應容器的上枝置至少—個料σ11,^辟成，在反 ㈣出口 L反應容器]的容積爲3器的下—方設 上㈣置有溫度傳感器和壓力傳感器 ^應谷裔1 檢測反應容器1内的溫度和壓力。 未不出），用於 根貫=。：，_置2，攪拌裝置2包括-m反應^ i的水平旋轉轴2卜 旋轉軸2〗上設置有—個以上的勝葉1内部的 22間隔地絲錢熟21上 ，將授拌葉片 可以將攪拌荦27 ，、、、 j更好的攪拌效果， 上/ = 向前傾斜地安裳在水平旋轉軸21 機構2各“外部的水平旋轉轴21的-端連接有動力 機構j如笔動機23，用於帶動旋轉軸21旋轉。 的壓Ϊ了^所述反應容器1在反應過程中能夠保持值定 對應設置第一:和排^處 i乐一么封精，所述第一、二密封 有技術中常用的密封裝置，例如電動球形_， 200902172 關門&㈣高溫、耐壓力的材料製成；在反應容器1與 所返攪拌4置2相接觸的部位，反應容器1的 机 置有軸封裝置7。 另^又 古+所述的軸封裝置7的結構示意圖如第二圖所示，包括： 口疋，71，其套設在所述旋轉軸21上，並通過螺栓與所述 反，容器1固定連接；墊圈72,其套設在所述旋轉軸、21和 固定件，用於密封；壓蓋73，其套設在所述旋轉轴 Y上，壓在所述墊圈72上，並通過螺栓與所述固定件” 相連接在螺栓連接壓蓋處設有彈菁74，當内側的起 作用的=圈72被磨損的情況下，彈簧％會自動壓緊壓蓋 水蒸氣泄漏，確保反應容器1内壓力恆定。所述 _ 可以爲多個，如1〜6個，並且爲圓球狀塾圈， 和二好的密封效果’在本實施例中，由於在-定溫度 ^力；，狀墊圈容易損壞，因此圓球狀墊圈優選爲 定件6個。在反應容器上焊接有祕與所述固 所述水蒸氣輸入裝置3具有産生中 :把所産生的水蒸氣供給反應容器1的水蒸氣=以 在管這上設有調節閥，用於調節輸入反應容器丨中的水墓 ，的流量。水蒸氣輸人裝置3位於反應容器丨和水平旋轉 的上方位置並且基本處於水平方向，賴設置可以使 ，物取大程度的接觸到中壓水蒸氣。反應容器i中的壓 力由中壓水蒸氣的輸入量來調節，此外，由於溫度對庫於 14 200902172 :壓水瘵氣的壓力，所以反應容器内的溫度也是由中壓水 蒸氣的輸入量來調節。 …s、在反應谷益1的上部通過管道與減壓調整閥4連接， 減m閥4通過管道經由消音器（圖中未示出）連接至 液固分離萝菩 〜』艾王 π立、15。連接消音器的好處在於降低設備工作時產 、木曰，使該廢棄物處理設備可以設置在市内地段且 合環境保護的要求。 付 所、十、減【凋整閥4可以是電動閥、也可以是手動閥。 調整閱4具有以下兩方面的作用:⑴在反應階 過給定應容器1的壓力悝定。反應容11 1内的壓力超 、 守，開啓壓力調解閥，放出反應容器1内的壓力， :(適2=時候關閉閥門，使反應容器1内保持給定的壓 . 貫現反應容器1内的壓力驟降。當反應容器工中 壓給定的溫度和壓力下反應—定時間後，開啓減 壓^驟降H容产器1内的壓力驟降至常壓。通過上述 用 及液_固分離器51、固體收容槽52以 1連接，爲了I所述液固分離器51通過管道與反應容哭 成。所述㈣㈣溫度，鮮道獅保溫材料製 器，例如常規使_ 技術中f用的液固分離 因此節約能源 -外力而是借助：:機’該液固分離器不需要使 逮轉動，心實現液産物的巨大動能來帶動其高 200902172 所述液固分離器51位於高出減壓調整裝置5〜15米的 位置，進行液固分離後’利用重力使分離後的液體和固體 收納到所述固體收容槽52和液體收容槽53中。液固分離 器51的高度設置應當適宜。在此高度下，待分離的物質既 可以獲得很好的液固分離’又不會因爲反應産物的巨大動 f 能而使液固分離51損壞。一般而言，爆破時間與液固分 離器51的高度設置緊密相關，即··爆破時間越短，爆破後 反應産物沖出管道的速度越大，液固分離器51需設置爲更 高的高度；相反，爆破時間越長，爆破後反應產物沖出管 道的速度越低，此時，液固分離器51可設置爲較低高度。 高度過高，待分離的物質不能到達液固分離器51，高度過 低，高速沖出的反應産物會將液固分離器51損壞。 另外’由於從反應容器1經減壓調整閥4出來的反應 産物或多或少會有熱量損失，所以在所述液固分離裝置5 之所還可以設置第—熱交換器54，以保持進行液固分離時 的孤度與反應Μ的溫度相當。在所述液體收容槽％之前 =以設置第二熱交換器55，設置熱交換㈣目的在於使 ^體=純速冷凝液化，獲得更好的分離效果。所使用的 ”、、乂 =:二用常規的熱交換器，例如爲盤管熱交換器。 還可以ir::離後得到的低分子化固體組分及液體組分 選可以進仃二次分離，_ 靜置分離裝置、加壓離裝置6包括離⑽離裝置、 置，或以上各種分離力分離裝置、膜處理裝 棄物，在反應容n丨卜、^5裝置。對於—些生物源廢 中！過低分子化爆破處理後，其有效 16 200902172 組分從反應容器排出口 12排出，對於排出的有效組分經過 不活性氣體，如惰性氣體處理，再經過上述二級分離裝置6 的處理，最終得到提取物，即製品。 基於本發明要解決的技術問題，本發明還提供了生物 源廢棄物處理方法，結合上述裝置，一具體實施例的處理 流程如第三圖所示，具體如下所述： 步驟S1 :將生物源廢棄物通過反應容器進料口加入反 應容器内； 步驟S2 :關閉進料口，向反應容器中輸入水蒸汽，保 持反應容器内的溫度和壓力爲給定值，然後開啓攪拌馬 達，將生物源廢棄物攪拌一定時間並混合均勻； 步驟S3 :開啓減壓調整閥，將反應容器的壓力驟降至 常壓； 步驟S4 :通過液固分離裝置將壓力驟降得到的反應産 物進行液固分離； 步驟S5 :對液固分離後的有效産物進行二次分離，得 到最終提取物，即製品。 上述過程是較優的過程，其中，步驟S2中的攪拌也可 以是在將生物源廢棄物通過反應容器進料口加入反應容器 内時開始，並且是邊攪拌邊慢慢加入生物源廢棄物。 在本實施例中，當反應容器的溫度和壓力達到給定值 並保持其恆定的同時，才開啓攪拌馬達，攪拌加入的生物 源廢棄物。爲了使生物源廢棄物在反應容器中得到充分攪 拌，可以間隔地改變攪拌葉片的轉動方向。 17 200902172 通過調節水蒸氣的輸入量來調節反應容器内的壓力和 溫度，使反應容器内的壓力和溫度達到給定值，並保持一 段時間，一般地，反應容器内的壓力給定值爲1.5〜 1.9MPa，溫度給定值爲130〜190。。，保持1〜25分鐘。上 述數值範圍根據處理的廢棄物的種類以及最終產物的不同 而不同。一般而言，對於那些難以低分子化的無機物質、 蛋白類等生物源廢棄物，例如下水道污泥、污染土壤、畜 産廢棄物、酒糟、廢紙、扇貝的腸腺、動物屍體等，需要 較高的溫度和壓力、較長的反應時間，例如：溫度約爲170 〜190°C、壓力約1.70Mpa〜1.9Mpa、反應時間15分鐘或更 長甚至於25分鐘，以使這些物質充分低分子化；對於那些 易於低分子化的礙水化合物等生物源廢棄物，例如稻穀 殼、稻草、向日葵、竹類、海藻、花卉等，較低的溫度和 壓力、較短的反應時間，例如溫度約130〜150°C以下、壓 力約1.50Mpa〜1.60Mpa以下、反應時間3〜10分鐘即可實 現這些物質的低分子化。 步驟S3中，當處於一定溫度和壓力環境中的生物源廢 棄物在反應容器内被攪拌給定時間後，開啓減壓調整閥將 反應容器的壓力驟降至常壓。 爆破時間，即從給定壓力驟降至常壓所需要的時間， 對於生物源廢棄物最終産物的粒徑大小及分佈、産物組成 及其含量等等至關重要。一般而言，在壓力相同的情況下， 壓力驟降的速率越大，粒徑越小且分佈越窄；相反，壓力 驟降的速率越小，粒徑越大，分佈越寬。 18 200902172 所述爆破時間的確定與生物源廢棄物的種類以及最終 産物的用途相關。一方面，爆破時間與生物源廢棄物的種 類有關，對於那些難以低分子化的無機物質、蛋白類等生 物源廢棄物，例如污染土壤、蟹殼、蝦殼、畜産廢棄物、 酒糟、廢紙、扇貝的腸腺等，需要較短的爆破時間，例如 35〜40秒，以使這些物質的低分子化程度更高；對於那些 易於低分子化的碳水化合物等生物源廢棄物，例如稻榖 殼、稻草、碎海帶、花卉等，可以使用較長的爆破時間， 例如50〜60秒，即可實現這些物質的低分子化。另一方面， 爆破時間與最終産物的用途相關。例如對於最終産物用作 飼料、肥料時，可以使用相對較短的爆破時間，但對於最 終産物用作醫藥、化妝品、調味料、營養保健品等原料時， 需要更短的爆破時間。本發明中，爆破時間爲30〜60秒。 甴於壓力驟降所生成的物質以很高的速度沖出所述反應産 物排出管道和壓力調解閥後，沖向位於其垂直上方的液固 分離器，分離得到的固體物質通過固體排出管道收納至位 於其下方的固體收容槽中；經過固液分離裝置處理，冷凝 得到的液體物質通過液體排出管道收納至位於其下方的液 體收容槽中。 還可以對經過液固分離的産物進行二次分離，以得到 最終的提取物，即製品。 通過控制裝置對本發明所述的處理裝置進行控制，可 以實現本發明所述的處理方法，例如，在反應容器中設置 溫度傳感器和壓力傳感器，用於採集反應容器中的溫度和 19 200902172 壓力，並將數值傳遞給一中央處理器，如計算機。反應容 器的進料口及排出口設置執行機構，以自動打開反應容器 的進料口及排出口，在水蒸氣輸入裝置設置自動閥門，將 減壓調整設置爲自動閥門，各分離裝置也採用自動裝置。 將反應的執行過程編成程序存入中央處理器，如計算機， 由中央處理器根據程序進行處理過程的控制。該過程爲一 典型的過程控制，根據本發明提供的方法實現該過程控制 對於自動控制領域的技術人員來說屬於常規技術，因此， 在此不再贅述。 根據本發明所述的方法可以對很多種生物源廢棄物進 行處理，達到廢物利用的目的，所述的生物源廢棄物包括 農業、林業、工業、畜牧業、漁業以及人們日常生活産生 的各種廢棄物。所述來自農業的生物源廢棄物例如土壤、 稻穀殼、稻草、農作物稭桿、大蒜、紅薯、向日葵等；所 述來自林業的生物源廢棄物例如竹類、杉樹類、銀杏樹等； 所述來自工業的生物源廢棄物例如砂糖製造殘渣、豆腐 渣、酒糟等；所述來自畜牧業的生物源廢棄物包括畜産污 泥、雞糞、豬糞、牛糞、鳥羽毛等；所述來自漁業的生物 源廢棄物包括水産廢棄物例如蟹殼、貝殼、魚皮、蝦殼和 扇貝的腸腺、碎海帶、海藻、海草等；所述來自日常生活 的生物源廢棄物例如生活垃圾、下水道、湖泊和河川的污 泥、廢紙、食物殘渣、醫療廢棄物等。 對應于本發明所述的處理方法，對各種不同的生物源 廢棄物進行處理所需的條件及生成物的一些具體實施例如 20 200902172 表1所示： 表1 廢棄物名稱 生成物的利用 溫度條件 壓力條件 減壓時間 茶果 醫藥、食油、化妝品 145。〇 1.3MPa> 45Sec> 魚皮 化妝品 155〇C> 1.4MPa> 48Sec> 蟹的甲殼貝 殼 醫藥、特殊肥料成分 160°C> 1.5MPa> 30Sec> 蝦殼 醫藥、特殊肥料成分 165〇C> 1.55MPa> 30Sec> 雞冠 醫藥、肥料、飼料 150°C> 1.3MPa> 40Sec> 扇貝的中腸腺 肥料，食料、調味料 180°C> 1.7MPa> 35Sec> 下水道污泥 肥料、燃料 168〇C> 1.55MPa> 48Sec> 湖沼的污泥 肥料 165〇C> 1.55MPa> 48Sec> 河川的污泥 肥料 168〇C> 1.6MPa> 45Sec> 竹、細竹類 醫藥、飼料、肥料 160°C> 1.5MPa> 35Sec> 農業殘渣 醫藥、飼料、肥料 165〇C> 1.55MPa> 48Sec> 水産業殘渣 醫藥，飼料、肥料 165〇C> 1.55MPa> 45Sec> 污染土壤 清淨化 185〇C> 1.75MPa> 35Sec> 各種中草藥 醫藥、醫藥中間體 155〇C> 1.4MPa> 45Sec> 海草 醫藥、保健品 155〇C> 1.4MPa> 45Sec> 生活垃圾 肥料，燃料 175〇C> 1.65MPa> 40Sec> 花卉 食油、醫藥、化妝品 148〇C> 1.3MPa> 45Sec> 油泥 燃料 175〇C> 1.65MPa> 50Sec> 製造食品的污 泥 肥料 165〇C> 1.55MPa> 50Sec> 動物屍體及肉 食品加工薇的 下腳料 飼料、肥料 185〇C> 1.75MPa> 45Sec> 另外，根據本發明所述的方法，利用本發明所述的處 理裝置在對各種廢棄物處理時，對處理後的産物進行檢 測，經過檢測的一些具體實施例如表2所示： 表2 21 200902172 廢棄物名稱 溫度 CC) 攪拌的持續 時間(min) 壓力 (Mpa) 減壓 時間 (sec) 分子徑 O.D (nm) 細菌的數 (cfu/g) 稻榖殼 140 5 1.6 55 0.54 未檢出 稻草 138 3 1.55 60 0.23 未檢出 擠奶 135 7 1.55 45 0.22 未檢出 下水道污泥 170 22 1.85 45 0.32 100 cfu/g 畜産廢棄物 168 15 1.82 40 0.22 未檢出 水産廢棄物 175 10 1.65 45 0.23 未檢出 土壤 155 9 1.55 35 0.98 50 cfu/g 食品殘 >查 148 9 1.6 45 0.45 未檢出 砂糖製造殘 渣物 155 6 1.65 35 0.33 未檢出 酒糟 170 18 1.75 35 0.32 未檢出 豆腐渣 140 7 1.45 45 0.28 未檢出 竹類 138 1 1.45 50 0.54 未檢出 大蒜 145 1 1.44 35 0.43 未檢出 鳥羽毛 148 8 1.55 50 0.45 未檢出 廢紙 169 20 1.8 35 0.77 未檢出 茶果 157 4 1.67 45 0.25 未檢出 碎海帶 148 4 1.48 55 0.33 未檢出 紅薯 148 12 1.77 37 0.26 未檢出 海藻 130 6 1.55 36 0.33 未檢出 向曰葵 135 6 1.56 36 0.23 未檢出 感染性醫療 廢棄物 175 6 1.7 35 0.22 未檢出 另外，根據本發明的處理方法，不同的廢棄物可以處 理成具有不同用途的産物，一些具體實施例如表3所示： 表3 22 200902172 廢棄物名稱 稻榖殼 稻草 擠奶 下水道污泥 畜產廢棄物 水産廢棄物 -----^取物名 料、砷 n 工’固體^^~，氣 物木材加工 食品殘渣 jBlf 豆腐渣 宇·^~~~~^~~~二~工榮的消香 料，肥料化 寺）1造的— _竹類^ 大蒜 碎海帶 紅薯 海藻 向曰葵 ϊϊτ 生醫療廢棄 物 食用油，藥品 向安全的一般廢棄物的轉換 料，消毒材料 微量元素單機能肥，蚪 @斗’家畜飼育用舖的來稈 特殊藥品 湯料等食品，佐料錮 藥品（抗癌劑等） 藥品，食品In short, neither the landfill treatment nor the incineration treatment can produce high value-added products. The use of chemical treatment methods to obtain high value-added products is also very difficult. Therefore, the above three treatment methods do not meet the new concept of saving resources, recycling, and protecting the environment. Subcritical water treatment waste is an emerging waste treatment method in recent years (10) Fun surface measurement. The so-called (four) boundary water is water that is reduced to a critical point (critical temperature 374. generation, critical pressure 22.1 MPa) and is in a state near the critical point. Based on the decomposition of substances by subcritical water, the waste is reduced in molecular weight. Yoshida Yoshida reviewed the possibility of applying subcritical water in the treatment of waste in agriculture, forestry, and livestock industries. Although the method is extremely effective for the treatment of biological waste such as fish bones, fish scales, sludge, waste wood, etc., the temperature and pressure required for the treatment method (374.4 ° C, 22.1 MPa) are high, so for the equipment The requirements are harsh and the energy consumption is high. In addition, there is no relevant prior art for the subsequent further separation of the products obtained by the treatment process. [Summary of the Invention] > A: The technical problem to be solved is that, in view of the deficiencies in the prior art and the disposal of discarded materials, a biological waste disposal device and a waste method are proposed for treating biological wastes to generate With high added value ^ square", 6 200902172 makes the line source waste can be fully recycled, and the operating conditions are mild and simple, the treatment effect is good, the energy consumption is low, and the environment is protected. In order to solve the above technical problem, the present invention provides a biological source waste treatment method, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Mixing the biological source waste with water vapor uniformly, so that the temperature after mixing reaches 130 to 19 (TC, The pressure reaches and is maintained for 1 to 25 minutes; Step 2: The pressure of the mixture of the above-mentioned biological waste and water vapor is reduced to normal pressure to make the bio-source waste low-molecular; Step 3: For the occurrence of low molecular weight The mixture is separated to obtain a final product. In step 1, when the biological source waste is mixed with water vapor, the oblique biological source waste is stirred to mix the biological source waste with the water vapor to be evenly distributed. In the first step of the method for treating the biological waste, when the biological waste tea is mixed with the steam, the biological waste is stirred to uniformly mix the biological waste with the steam. The waste is mixed with water vapor evenly while saving energy. Better, in step 1, when the biomass waste is mixed with steam, when the temperature reaches 130 to 190 ° C, when the pressure reaches 1.5 to 1.9 MPa, the biomass waste is stirred. Further, in the second step of the biological waste treatment method, the biological waste and water vapor are The pressure of the mixture is reduced to a normal time of 30 to 60 seconds. 7 200902172 In the step of the above-mentioned biological waste treatment method, when the mixture having a low molecular weight is separated, the separation is performed by centrifugation. ΜSeparation, membrane separation, or the above-mentioned separation method, in order to prevent the obtained low molecular weight mixture from being oxidized or contaminated by bacteria, before the separation of the mixture of the above-mentioned biological waste treatment methods is carried out, Inactive = sub-chemical nitrogen, 袅 袅 袅 如 如 如 如 如 如 如 如 如 如 如 如 如 如 如 惰性 惰性 惰性 惰性 惰性 惰性 惰性 惰性 惰性 惰性 惰性 惰性 惰性 惰性 惰性 惰性 惰性 惰性 惰性 惰性 惰性 惰性 惰性 惰性 惰性 惰性 惰性When the oral substance is separated and separated, the liquid-solid separation method is first used to separate the solid-solid solution and collect the low-molecularization liquid == and the low-molecularization after the occurrence of the lower two ==== 2 sets: wide: heat exchange; Reducing the solids for liquid-solid separation; Γ!: Before the liquid component of the low-molecularization of the mixed liquid, the liquid component of the low molecular weight, the problem of the source two, the present invention also Provided a biological reaction vessel for accommodating various agitation devices, and placing; ^, ten, W waste for hydrothermal reaction; waste in the 'u Μ state, for stirring the reaction vessel water vapor input crack And communicating with the reaction vessel for introducing medium-pressure water vapor into the reaction trough of 200102172. The pressure-reducing adjustment device has a certain temperature production in the reaction vessel of the inlet tray, and the reaction valley is connected. The mixture of the pair and the force is reduced to the normal calendar; the separation device's material is connected to the outlet of the reaction vessel, and the mixture is separated to obtain the decompression adjustment. Set the decompression, socialize l_L 』 take, winter products. Further, the above-mentioned bio-mixing device includes: - a rotating shaft, - a disturbing structure in the object processing skirt, the rotating shaft horizontally penetrates the cymbal sheet ' and the power machine is disposed inside the reactor : should be stolen; one end of the horizontal rotating shaft outside the stirring blade is connected to the dynamic mechanism of the reaction mechanism. In order to make the stirring effect better, w, the mounting method for driving the rotating shaft to rotate is performed by a special ten° M. The stirring blades are arranged obliquely spaced in front of the horizontal rotating shaft at the two rotations. The vertical direction is the motor. By controlling - the power mechanism is generally operable, starting/stopping the electric cymbal wheeling control command to the timing of the electric slamming, following the (four) degree machine, the sealing of the reaction vessel, Rotating God and the turning axis and the opposite, for the dense - 'more specifically' miscellaneous county package _ fixed cover, the fixing member is sleeved on the rotating shaft, and reacts with the household疋°疋, the gasket is sleeved between the rotating shaft and the fixing member, 9 200902172, the pressing sleeve is sleeved on the rotating shaft, pressed on the washer, and the fixing member Connected. In order to achieve a better sealing effect, the plurality of washers are sleeved on the rotating shaft in sequence. In addition, a resilient member, such as a spring or a mechanical component, such as a hydraulic buffer, is provided at the junction of the gland and the solid member, so that, in the event that the loop is worn, The sexual components can be automatically capped, and (4) the water is steamed to check for leaks, ensuring a constant pressure in the reaction valley (4). Thus, the rotating shaft and the reaction m are sealed by the side and the gland, so that the heat retention and airtightness of the reaction vessel are not good, so that the low molecular weight reaction of the mixture is better accomplished. The pressure reduction adjustment described in the above biological waste disposal device. Control the reaction volume = decompression timing and time by controlling the subtraction_reading. In the apparatus for the sigma sigma of the sigma sinus sinus sinus sinus sinus sinus sinus sinus sinus sinus sinus sinus sinus sinus sinus sinus sinus sinus sinus Pressurizing the mixture for solid-liquid separation. Ί (4) the pressure regulating device minus the separation device and / or the reaction vessel ^ secondary separation device and the -stage product and / or the level; The reaction vessel is rotated to obtain a final product. The latter product is subjected to secondary separation in the above-mentioned biological waste disposal device including a liquid-solid separator, solid storage; and the first-stage separation of the liquid-solid separator described in The human body receiving groove, wherein, is connected, passes through the _ minute_(four) material pressure adjusting device, and passes through the liquid tank. When the liquid passes through the liquid, the liquid is discharged to the solid body 10 200902172 receiving groove. Between the liquid-solid separator and the pressure-reducing adjustment device, further comprising a first heat exchanger for maintaining the temperature of the low-molecularization mixture at the time of liquid-solid separation is equivalent to the temperature at which the molecularization occurs; The liquid-solid separator and the liquid container Also included is a second heat exchanger for condensing the liquid output from the liquid-solid separator; the first heat exchanger or the second heat exchanger may be a coil heat exchanger. The liquid-solid separator in the material processing device is located 5 to 15 meters above the decompression adjusting device. In the above-mentioned biological waste disposal device, the secondary separation device includes: a centrifugal separation device or And the static separation device or/and the pressure separation device or/and the pressure separation device or/and the membrane treatment device. Since these separation devices can utilize the separation device in the known art, the structure thereof will not be described herein. The number of the reaction vessels in the present invention may be plural, and may be arranged in parallel, and the number of the stirring device, the steam inlet device, and the pressure reducing adjusting device connected to the reaction vessel corresponds to the number of the reaction vessels. The biological source wastes described in the present invention include agriculture, forestry, industry, animal husbandry, fisheries, and various wastes that people often live in. The biological wastes from agriculture Such as soil, rice husk, straw, crop stalk, garlic, sweet potato, sag, etc.; the biological source waste from forestry such as bamboo, cedar, ginkgo, etc.; Wastes such as sugar making residue, bean curd residue, distiller's grains, etc.; the biological source waste from animal husbandry includes livestock sludge, chicken manure, pig manure, cattle 11 200902172 feces, bird feathers, etc.; Waste includes aquatic waste such as crab shells, shells, fish skin, shells of prawn and scallops, broken seaweed, seaweed, seaweed, etc.; such biological wastes from daily life such as domestic garbage, sewers, lakes and rivers Sludge, waste paper, food residue, medical waste, etc. The method and the device according to the invention treat various biological wastes, the operation is convenient, the energy consumption is low, the operating conditions are mild and simple, the treatment effect is good, and after treatment High value-added products can be obtained, such as some can be used directly as fuel, fertilizer, feed, etc., and some can also be used as medicine, cosmetics, seasonings, camps. The raw materials such as health care products can make the biological wastes fully recyclable, and conform to the production concept of protecting the environment, recycling, saving resources, and turning waste into treasure. The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and drawings. [Embodiment] The first figure is not intended to be a structural embodiment of the biological waste disposal apparatus of the present invention. The second figure is a schematic structural view of a shaft sealing device in a specific embodiment of the biological waste disposal device of the present invention. The third figure is a flow chart of a specific embodiment of a biological waste disposal method according to the present invention. [Description of the drawings] The present invention is directed to the treatment of biological wastes to produce products with high added value, so that the biological wastes can be fully recycled, providing 12 200902172 - a biological source waste listening device and The schematic diagram of the embodiment of the material body is as shown in the first figure:: a set of discarded material transpositions including: the housing of each of the involved reaction vessels, the reaction volume, and/or 1 Carrying out the steaming of the medium-pressure steam in the hydrothermal reaction vessel, the mixing device 2, the valve 4, the pressure H3 for separating and accommodating the reaction vessel, the pressure-reducing liquid-solid separation device 5 and the secondary separation device 6 . In the liquid-solid component after the buttocks, the reaction vessel i is formed by at least one material σ11, ^ from the upper branch of the medium-pressure resistant container, and the volume of the reaction container at the opposite (four) outlet L is 3 - The temperature is set on (4) The temperature sensor and the pressure sensor are placed. ^Guugu 1 Check the temperature and pressure inside the reaction vessel 1. Not yet), used for roots =. :, _ set 2, the stirring device 2 includes -m reaction ^ i horizontal rotation axis 2 rotation axis 2 〗 on the set of more than one victor 1 inside the 22 spacing of the wire cooked 21, the mixing blade can be Mixing 荦27, ,,,j, better stirring effect, upper / = slanting forward on the horizontal rotating shaft 21 mechanism 2 "The outer end of the horizontal rotating shaft 21 is connected with a power mechanism j such as a pen motor 23 , for driving the rotating shaft 21 to rotate. The reaction vessel 1 can maintain a corresponding value in the reaction process during the reaction: first, and the sealing device, the first and second sealing There are sealing devices commonly used in the art, such as electric spherical _, 200902172 closing & (d) high temperature, pressure resistant materials; in the reaction vessel 1 and the returning stirring 4 placed 2, the reaction vessel 1 is placed The shaft sealing device 7. The structural schematic diagram of the shaft sealing device 7 is also shown in the second figure, and includes: a port, 71, which is sleeved on the rotating shaft 21, and is passed through a bolt and a bolt. In contrast, the container 1 is fixedly connected; a gasket 72 is sleeved on the rotating shaft, 21 and the fixing member For sealing; a gland 73 is sleeved on the rotating shaft Y, pressed against the washer 72, and connected to the fixing member by bolts, and an elastic cyanine 74 is arranged at the bolt connecting gland. When the inner active = ring 72 is worn, the spring % automatically presses the gland water vapor leak to ensure that the pressure inside the reaction vessel 1 is constant. The _ may be plural, such as 1 to 6, and is a spherical rim, and a good sealing effect. In this embodiment, since the temperature is at a constant temperature, the gasket is easily damaged. The spherical gasket is preferably six pieces. The water vapor inlet device 3 is welded to the reaction vessel, and the water vapor is supplied to the reaction vessel 1 to provide water vapor to the reaction vessel 1 to provide a regulating valve for regulating the input. The flow of the water tomb in the reaction vessel. The water vapor input device 3 is located above the reaction vessel and horizontally rotated and is substantially horizontal, so that the material can be brought into contact with the medium pressure water vapor to a large extent. The pressure in the reaction vessel i is regulated by the input amount of the medium pressure water vapor. In addition, since the temperature is compared with the pressure of the pressurized water helium in 14 200902172, the temperature in the reaction vessel is also the input amount of the medium pressure water vapor. Adjustment. ...s, connected to the pressure reducing adjustment valve 4 through the pipeline in the upper part of the reaction valley Yi 1, and the m valve 4 is connected to the liquid-solid separation Luo Tao by the pipe via a muffler (not shown). 15. The advantage of connecting the silencer is to reduce the production and rafting of the equipment during operation, so that the waste disposal equipment can be installed in the city and meet the requirements of environmental protection. Pay, ten, reduce [falling valve 4 can be an electric valve or a manual valve. Adjustment 4 has the following two functions: (1) The pressure of the given container 1 is determined at the reaction stage. The pressure in the reaction volume 11 1 is exceeded, the pressure regulating valve is opened, and the pressure in the reaction vessel 1 is released. ((Appropriate 2 = time to close the valve to maintain a given pressure in the reaction vessel 1) The pressure drops rapidly. When the reaction vessel is pressed at a given temperature and pressure for a certain period of time, the pressure is reduced and the pressure in the H-capacitor 1 is suddenly reduced to the normal pressure. The solid separator 51 and the solid storage tank 52 are connected by one, and the liquid-solid separator 51 is cried by a pipe and a reaction volume for the purpose of the above. (4) (4) Temperature, fresh lion insulation material manufacturer, for example, conventionally The liquid-solid separation used thus saves energy - external force is by means of: "The machine's liquid-solid separator does not need to make the rotation, the heart realizes the great kinetic energy of the liquid product to drive its high 200902172. The liquid-solid separator 51 is located higher. After the liquid-solid separation is performed at a position of 5 to 15 meters of the pressure-reducing device, the separated liquid and solid are stored in the solid storage tank 52 and the liquid storage tank 53 by gravity. The height setting of the liquid-solid separator 51 should be set. Suitable. At this height, to be divided The material can obtain both good liquid-solid separation and does not damage the liquid-solid separation 51 due to the large dynamic energy of the reaction product. In general, the blasting time is closely related to the height setting of the liquid-solid separator 51, that is, · The shorter the blasting time, the higher the speed at which the reaction product rushes out of the pipeline after blasting, and the liquid-solid separator 51 needs to be set to a higher height; on the contrary, the longer the blasting time, the lower the speed at which the reaction product rushes out of the pipeline after blasting. At this time, the liquid-solid separator 51 can be set to a lower height. If the height is too high, the substance to be separated cannot reach the liquid-solid separator 51, and the height is too low, and the high-speed reaction product will damage the liquid-solid separator 51. In addition, since the reaction product from the reaction vessel 1 through the pressure reducing adjustment valve 4 has more or less heat loss, the first heat exchanger 54 can be disposed in the liquid-solid separation device 5 to maintain The degree of solitude at the time of liquid-solid separation corresponds to the temperature of the reaction enthalpy. Before the liquid accommodating tank % = the second heat exchanger 55 is provided, and heat exchange is provided (four) for the purpose of liquefaction of the body = pure speed condensing, obtaining more it is good Separation effect. The used ",, 乂 =: two conventional heat exchangers, such as coil heat exchangers. It can also be ir:: the low molecular weight solid components and liquid components obtained after the separation can be The second separation, the static separation device, and the pressure separation device 6 include a separation device (10), a separation force separation device, or a membrane treatment device, and a reaction capacity. For some biological sources waste! After low molecular molecular blasting treatment, its effective 16 200902172 components are discharged from the reaction vessel discharge port 12, and the discharged effective components are treated with inert gas, such as inert gas, and then passed through the above two The treatment of the stage separation device 6 finally obtains the extract, that is, the product. Based on the technical problem to be solved by the present invention, the present invention also provides a biological source waste treatment method, in combination with the above device, the processing flow of a specific embodiment is as follows. As shown in the figure, the details are as follows: Step S1: adding biological waste into the reaction vessel through the feed port of the reaction vessel; Step S2: closing the feed port and inputting water vapor into the reaction vessel Keeping the temperature and pressure in the reaction vessel as a given value, then turning on the agitating motor, stirring the biological waste for a certain time and mixing uniformly; Step S3: opening the pressure reducing regulating valve, and suddenly reducing the pressure of the reaction vessel to normal pressure; Step S4: performing liquid-solid separation of the reaction product obtained by sudden pressure drop by a liquid-solid separation device; Step S5: performing secondary separation on the effective product after liquid-solid separation to obtain a final extract, that is, a product. The above process is a preferred process in which the agitation in the step S2 can also be started when the biological source waste is introduced into the reaction vessel through the feed port of the reaction vessel, and the biomass waste is slowly added while stirring. In the present embodiment, the stirring motor is turned on while the temperature and pressure of the reaction vessel reach a given value and kept constant, and the added biological waste is stirred. In order to sufficiently agitate the biological source waste in the reaction vessel, the direction of rotation of the stirring blade can be changed at intervals. 17 200902172 Adjust the pressure and temperature in the reaction vessel by adjusting the input of water vapor, so that the pressure and temperature in the reaction vessel reach a given value and maintain for a period of time. Generally, the pressure in the reaction vessel is given a value of 1.5. ~ 1.9MPa, the temperature is given as 130~190. . Keep it for 1 to 25 minutes. The above numerical range differs depending on the type of waste to be treated and the final product. In general, for biological wastes such as inorganic substances and proteins that are difficult to be low molecular weight, such as sewage sludge, contaminated soil, livestock waste, distiller's grains, waste paper, intestinal glands of scallops, animal carcasses, etc., High temperature and pressure, long reaction time, for example, temperature is about 170 ~ 190 ° C, pressure is about 1.70Mpa ~ 1.9Mpa, reaction time is 15 minutes or longer or even 25 minutes, so that these substances are sufficiently low molecular For biological wastes such as water-blocking compounds that are prone to low molecular weight, such as rice husks, straw, sunflowers, bamboos, algae, flowers, etc., lower temperature and pressure, shorter reaction time, such as temperature The molecular weight of these materials can be reduced by 130 to 150 ° C or less, a pressure of about 1.50 Mpa to 1.60 Mpa or less, and a reaction time of 3 to 10 minutes. In step S3, when the biological waste in a certain temperature and pressure environment is stirred in the reaction vessel for a given time, the pressure reducing regulator valve is opened to suddenly reduce the pressure of the reaction vessel to a normal pressure. The blasting time, which is the time required to drop from a given pressure to atmospheric pressure, is critical to the particle size and distribution, product composition and content of the final product of the biological waste. In general, at the same pressure, the rate of pressure dip is greater, the smaller the particle size and the narrower the distribution; conversely, the smaller the rate of pressure dip, the larger the particle size and the wider the distribution. 18 200902172 The determination of the blasting time is related to the type of biological waste and the use of the final product. On the one hand, the blasting time is related to the type of waste from biological sources. For those biological sources such as inorganic substances and proteins that are difficult to be low molecular weight, such as contaminated soil, crab shells, shrimp shells, livestock waste, distiller's grains, and waste paper. The intestinal gland of scallops, etc., requires a short blasting time, for example 35 to 40 seconds, to make these substances more low-molecular; for biological wastes such as carbohydrates that are easy to be low molecular weight, such as rice bran Shells, straw, broken kelp, flowers, etc., can be used for a long time, such as 50 to 60 seconds, to achieve the low molecular weight of these substances. On the other hand, the blasting time is related to the use of the final product. For example, when the final product is used as feed or fertilizer, a relatively short blasting time can be used, but when the final product is used as a raw material for medicine, cosmetics, seasonings, nutraceuticals, etc., a shorter blasting time is required. In the present invention, the blasting time is 30 to 60 seconds. The substance generated by the sudden pressure drop is punched out of the reaction product discharge pipe and the pressure regulating valve at a high speed, and is rushed to the liquid-solid separator located vertically above the solid matter, and the separated solid matter is stored through the solid discharge pipe. To the solid storage tank located below it; after being treated by the solid-liquid separation device, the liquid substance obtained by condensation is stored in the liquid storage tank located below through the liquid discharge pipe. It is also possible to subject the liquid-solid separated product to secondary separation to obtain the final extract, i.e., the product. The processing method of the present invention can be implemented by controlling the processing device of the present invention by a control device, for example, a temperature sensor and a pressure sensor are disposed in the reaction vessel for collecting the temperature in the reaction vessel and the pressure of 19 200902172, and Pass the value to a central processing unit, such as a computer. The feeding port and the discharge port of the reaction container are provided with an actuator to automatically open the feeding port and the discharging port of the reaction container, and an automatic valve is arranged in the steam input device, and the decompression adjustment is set as an automatic valve, and each separating device is also automatically used. Device. The execution process of the reaction is programmed into a central processing unit, such as a computer, and controlled by the central processing unit according to the program. The process is a typical process control. The process control according to the method provided by the present invention is a conventional technique for those skilled in the art of automatic control, and therefore, details are not described herein. According to the method of the present invention, a wide variety of biological wastes can be disposed for the purpose of waste utilization, including agricultural, forestry, industrial, animal husbandry, fishery, and various wastes generated by people's daily life. Things. The biological source waste from agriculture such as soil, rice husk, straw, crop straw, garlic, sweet potato, sunflower, etc.; the biological source waste from forestry such as bamboo, cedar, ginkgo, etc.; Bio-source waste from industry such as sugar production residue, bean curd residue, distiller's grains, etc.; the biological source waste from animal husbandry includes livestock sludge, chicken manure, pig manure, cow dung, bird feather, etc.; Bio-source waste includes aquatic waste such as crab shells, shells, fish skins, shell glands of prawn shells and scallops, broken seaweed, seaweed, seaweed, etc.; such biological wastes from daily life such as domestic garbage, sewers, Sludge, waste paper, food waste, medical waste, etc. in lakes and rivers. Corresponding to the treatment method of the present invention, the conditions and preparations for the treatment of various different biological wastes are as follows, for example, 20 200902172 Table 1: Table 1 Utilization temperature conditions of waste name products Pressure condition decompression time tea fruit medicine, cooking oil, cosmetics 145. 〇1.3MPa>45Sec> Fish skin cosmetics 155〇C>1.4MPa>48Sec> Crab shellfish medicine, special fertilizer component 160°C>1.5MPa>30Sec> Shrimp shell medicine, special fertilizer ingredient 165〇C> 1.55MPa>30Sec> cockscomb medicine, fertilizer, feed 150°C>1.3MPa>40Sec> Midgut gland fertilizer for scallops, foodstuffs, seasonings 180°C>1.7MPa>35Sec> Sewer sludge fertilizer, fuel 168〇C>1.55MPa>48Sec> Sludge fertilizer 165〇C>1.55MPa>48Sec> River sludge fertilizer 168〇C>1.6MPa>45Sec> Bamboo, fine bamboo medicine, feed, fertilizer 160°C> 1.5MPa>35Sec> Agricultural residue Medicine, feed, fertilizer 165〇C>1.55MPa>48Sec> Aquatic residue medicine, feed, fertilizer 165〇C>1.55MPa>45Sec> Contaminated soil purification 185〇C> 1.75MPa>35Sec> Various Chinese herbal medicines, medicines Body 155〇C>1.4MPa>45Sec> Seaweed Medicine, Health Products 155〇C>1.4MPa>45Sec> Domestic Waste Fertilizer, Fuel 175〇C>1.65MPa>40Sec> Flower oil, medicine, cosmetics 148〇C>1.3MPa>45Sec> sludge fuel 175〇C>1.65MPa>50Sec> sludge fertilizer for manufacturing food 165〇C>1.55MPa>50Sec> Animal Carcass and Meat Food Processing Weed Waste Feed, Fertilizer 185〇C>1.75MPa>45Sec> In addition, according to the method of the present invention, the treatment device according to the present invention is used for treating various wastes. After the product is tested, some specific implementations are shown in Table 2: Table 2 21 200902172 Waste name temperature CC) Duration of stirring (min) Pressure (Mpa) Decompression time (sec) Molecular diameter OD (nm ) Number of bacteria (cfu/g) Rice husk 140 5 1.6 55 0.54 Undetected straw 138 3 1.55 60 0.23 Undetected milking 135 7 1.55 45 0.22 Undetected sewage sludge 170 22 1.85 45 0.32 100 cfu/ g Livestock waste 168 15 1.82 40 0.22 Undetected aquatic waste 175 10 1.65 45 0.23 Undetected soil 155 9 1.55 35 0.98 50 cfu/g Food residue>Check 148 9 1.6 45 0.45 Not detected Sugar residue 155 6 1.65 35 0.33 Undetected distiller's grains 170 18 1.75 35 0.32 Undetected bean curd 140 7 1.45 45 0.28 Undetected bamboo 138 1 1.45 50 0.54 Undetected garlic 145 1 1.44 35 0.43 Not detected Bird feather 148 8 1.55 50 0.45 Undetected waste paper 169 20 1.8 35 0.77 Undetected tea 157 4 1.67 45 0.25 Undetected broken kelp 148 4 1.48 55 0.33 Undetected sweet potato 148 12 1.77 37 0.26 Undetected seaweed 130 6 1.55 36 0.33 Undetected to Hollyhock 135 6 1.56 36 0.23 Undetected infectious medical waste 175 6 1.7 35 0.22 Not detected In addition, according to the treatment method of the present invention, different wastes can be processed to have different The products of the use, some specific implementations are shown in Table 3: Table 3 22 200902172 Waste name rice husk straw straw milking sewage sludge livestock waste aquatic waste ----- extract material, arsenic n Solid ^^~, gas wood processed food residue jBlf tofu slag yu·^~~~~^~~~ 二~工荣的消香料,肥化寺)1造— _竹^ Garlic kelp sweet potato seaweed To the hollyhock Medical waste edible oil, medicine to safe general waste conversion material, disinfection material trace element single function fertilizer, 蚪@斗' livestock breeding stalk special medicine soup and other foods, seasoning 锢 medicine (anti-cancer Agent, etc.) medicine, food
通過本發明 物，操作方便，能耗低，操作條件溫和簡便，處理效果好> 處理後可得到高附加值的産品，如有些可以作爲燃料、用 料、飼料等直接使用，有些也可作爲醫藥、化妝品、調^ 料、營養保健品等的原料，使得所述生物源廢棄物可以3Through the invention, the operation is convenient, the energy consumption is low, the operating conditions are mild and simple, and the treatment effect is good> After the treatment, high value-added products can be obtained, for example, some can be directly used as fuel, materials, feed, etc., and some can also be used as Raw materials such as medicines, cosmetics, spices, nutraceuticals, etc., so that the biological waste can be 3
分循環利用，順應了保護環境、循環利用、節約資源、窄 廢爲寶的生産理念。 、/' S 23 200902172 最後所應說明的是：以上實施例僅用以說明本發明而 非限制，儘管參照較佳實施例對本發明進行了詳細說明， 本領域的普通技術人員應當理解，可以對本發明進行修改 或者等同替換，而不脫離本發明的精神和範圍，其均應涵 蓋在本發明的權利要求範圍當中。 【主要元件符號說明】 1 反應容器 11 進料口 12 排出口 13 連接件 2 攪拌裝置 21 水平旋轉軸 22 攪拌葉片 23 電動機 3 水蒸氣輸入裝置 4 減壓調整閥 5 液固分離裝置 51 液固分離器 52 固體收容槽 53 液體收容槽 54 第一熱交換器 55 第二熱交換器 6 二級分離裝置 7 軸封裝置 71 固定件 72 墊圈 73 壓蓋 74 彈簧 24It is recycled and recycled, which conforms to the production concept of protecting the environment, recycling, saving resources and narrow waste. The present invention is intended to be illustrative only and not limiting, although the invention is described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments. The invention may be modified or equivalently substituted without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is intended to be included within the scope of the appended claims. [Main component symbol description] 1 Reaction vessel 11 Feed port 12 Discharge port 13 Connection member 2 Stirring device 21 Horizontal rotating shaft 22 Stirring blade 23 Motor 3 Water vapor input device 4 Pressure reducing valve 5 Liquid-solid separation device 51 Liquid-solid separation Solid 52 storage tank 53 liquid storage tank 54 first heat exchanger 55 second heat exchanger 6 secondary separation device 7 shaft sealing device 71 fixing member 72 gasket 73 gland 74 spring 24