200900934 九、發明說明： 【先前技術】 -些數位媒體播放器具有用以收納抽取式記憶卡之槽， 抽取式記憶卡向數位媒體播放器提供額外記憶體以儲存數 位媒體内容。除了向數位媒體播放器提供更多記憶體以 外，抽取式記憶卡還可用以組織及儲存不同類型之數位媒 體内容。舉例而言’使用者可在一抽取式記憶卡上儲存特 定種類之歌曲且可在另一抽取式記憶卡上儲存不同種類之 歌曲。以此方式，使用者可簡單地在數位媒體播放器中調 換記憶卡以聽取不同類型之歌曲種類。當數位媒體播放器 在記憶卡插入於其記憶卡槽中的情況下開啟電源時，數位 媒體播放器可能不兵口曉何種數位媒冑内容儲存於記憶卡 上。因此，在開啟電源時，數位媒體播放 建立與儲存於記憶卡上之數位媒體内容相關的中== 料庫。掃描及建立資料庫之此過程可能相對耗時。舉例而 言，數位媒體播放器可能需要兩分鐘以上之時間來掃描及 建立完整兩十億位元組記憶卡之資料庫。每當數位媒體播 放器在記憶卡插人於播放器中的情況下開啟電源時皆重整 資料庫_即使尚未對記憶卡進行任何改變仍冑需要重整資 料庫。因為使用者在能夠利用數位媒體播放器來播放數位 媒體内容之前需要等待重整資料庫，所以㈣者可能變得 失望且決定使用無記憶卡之數位媒體播放器，以便避免延 遲。 【發明内容】 I30867.doc 200900934 本發明係由申請專利制界定，且不應將此部分中之任 何内容視為對彼等申請專利範圍之限制。 藉由引言，下文所描述之實施例提供一種用於避免重整 與數位媒體内容相關之中繼資料資料庫及用於提供改良的 使用者經驗之數位媒體播放器及方法。在一實施例中，儲 2與數位媒體内容相關之中繼資料資料庫的數位媒體播放 益=定在數位媒體播放器電源關閉的同時抽取式記憶體裝 置疋否與數位媒體播放器連接。數位媒體播放器僅在判定 位媒體播放器電源關閉的同時抽取式記憶體裝置與數 位媒體播放器連接時才重整資料庫。在另一實施例令，數 ㈣體播放器判定倚存於抽取式記憶體裝置上之數位媒體 自從資料庫經最後更新以來是否改變。若判定儲存於 抽取式記憶體裝置上之數位媒體内容自從資料庫經最後更 新以來改變，則數位媒體播放器重整資料庫。 ^ A轭例中，儲存媒體傳送協定資料庫之數位媒體 放盗判定儲存於與數位媒體播放器連接之抽取式記憶體 、置上的數位媒體内容自從媒體傳送協定資料庫經最後更 :以來改變。數位媒體播放器接著利用與儲存於抽 '^置中之數位媒體内容相關的中繼資料來重整媒體傳 ^協定眘M /¾ JL. t 、 。在又一實施例中，數位媒體播放器將數位 相關内奋儲存於抽取式記憶體裝置中、將與數位媒體内容 哥之輔助資訊儲存於數位媒體播放器之記憶體中，且將 2資訊儲存於抽取式記憶體裝置中。以此方式，輔助資 利用抽取式記憶體裝置來攜帶且在抽取式記憶體裝置 130867.doc 200900934 j放成與第二數位播放器進行通信時可由第二數位播放 窃存取。本發明揭示其他實施例，且實施例中之每一者可 經單獨地使用或經共同組合地使用。 現將參看隨附圖式來描述實施例。 【實施方式】 見轉至圖式，圖1為一實施例之數位媒體播放器_的說 明。數位媒體播放器100可採取任何形式，諸如（但不限 於）攜f型音訊播放器（例如，MP3播放器）、攜帶型視訊 播放器、蜂巢式電話、汽車立體聲系统，等等。儘管使用 術扣播放器’但應理解，& 了播放數位媒體内容以外， 數位媒體播放器還可能能夠記錄數位媒體内容（自内部源 或外部源）。數位媒體内《可採取任何適當形式，諸如（但 不限於），音訊檔案或視訊檔案（具有或無音訊）。 如圖1所不，此實施例之數位媒體播放器100包含記憶體 110以及經組態以收納抽取式記憶體裝置之槽12〇(例如， 具有配合電連接器）^抽取式記憶體裝置可採取任何適當 形式，諸如，記憶卡（例如，SD卡）或記憶棒。在此等實施 Η中抽取式记憶體裝置將採取抽取式記憶卡200之形 ， ^ 本文中將使用各種術語來描述經置放成與數 位媒體播放态1〇〇進行通信之抽取式記憶體裝置“列如，將 抽取式記憶體裝置插入至播放器1〇〇中、連接抽取式記憶 體裝置與播放器100 ’ $等）。應顯然的是，無需特定機 制，且不應將任何内容曲解於申請專利範圍中。另外，抽 取式記憶體褒置可直接地經置放成或經由一或多個組件而 130867.doc 200900934 間接地經置放成與數位媒體播放器1〇〇進行通信，本文中 可能或可能不展示或描述該一或多個組件。數位媒體播放 器100中之記憶體110亦可採取任一形固態、磁性、光 予等等）’但較佳的是，記憶體J i 0為非揮發性記憶體（例 如’快閃記憶體）。亦應注意，數位媒體播放器⑽内部之 記憶體110可為抽取式的，類似於抽取式記憶卡2〇〇。 亦如圖1所示，數位媒體播放器100包含若干組件：微處 理器U0、RAM _例如，SRAM)、使用者介面裝置 150、通用串列匯流排（刪）介面⑽及記憶卡插入偵測電 ，17〇。數位媒體播放器⑽之其他组件未展示於圖^以 簡化圖式J_可包括（例如）用以允許數位媒體檔案及其他 資料在數位媒體播放器⑽與其他裝置之間進行無線傳輸 的組件。應注意’雖然圖”之組件經展示為彼此獨立， 但可組合此等組件中之-或多者。舉例而$，雖然在， 中將微處理器130及RAM 140展示為兩個獨立組件，但微 處理器130及RAM 140可為相同晶粒或封裝之一部分。 在此實施例中’數位媒體播放器⑽之操作通常由執行 作為韌體112而儲存於記憶體11〇中之電腦可讀程式碼的微 處理器130控制。應注意，雖然圖1中展示微處理器13〇， 但不同形式之電路可用以執行本文中所描述之功能中的一 些或全部(以及其他功能）。”電路"可包括一或多個組件且 為純硬體實施例及/或經組合硬體/軟體（或韌體）實施例。 因此，"電路"可採取微處理器或處理器及儲存可由（例 如）(微）處理器、邏輯間1關、特殊應用積體電路 130867.doc 200900934 (ASK：)、可程式化邏輯控制器及嵌入式微控制器執行之電 腦可讀程式碼(例如，軟體或韌體)的電腦可讀媒體中之一 或夕者之形式。應注意’中請專利範圍中所闡述之"電路” 可月匕或可％不包括a憶卡插人偵測電路⑺，其在下文得 以描述。另外，δ己憶卡插入侦測電路17〇可能或可能不包 括微處理器。 在操作中’數位媒體播放器1〇〇使用其使用者介面裝置 150以允許❹者選擇及播_存於記憶體U0中或儲存於 抽取式記憶卡咖中之數位媒嫌内容。使用者介面ΛΙ 可包括(例如)用以顯示可用數位媒體槽案及相關資訊(例 如，專輯曲目⑽um art))清單之顯示袈置、用以允許使用 者選擇數位媒體檔案之滾輪或箭㈣，及^提供選定數 位媒體檔案之音訊輸出的耳機插孔或揚聲器。若選定數位 媒體檔案含有視訊，則視訊可顯示於顯示裝置上。 -般而言’數位媒體播放器⑽可儲存具有關於儲存於 記憶體U0及/或抽取式記憶卡謂中之數位媒體構案之資 訊的-或多個資料庫。在選擇及播放數位媒體内容之過程 中，可藉由數位媒體播放器100來使用此等資料庫。在一 些情形下，可藉由經由USB介面16G或圖未展示之其他 組件（例# ’無線傳輸器）而連接至數位媒體播玫器^的主 機（例如，PC、另-數位媒體播放器，等等）來使用此等資 料庫。雖然可使用任何數目及類型之資料庫，但在此特： =例中，使用兩個資料庫：使用者介面資料庫m及i 體傳送協定（MTP)資料庫118，其在此實施例中皆儲存於記 130867.doc -10- 200900934 憶體110中（但必要時，資料庫⑴] 體中）。庫注音, 1』储存於不同記憶 型不應被曲解〜於申主實專施例中所使用之資料庫的數目及類 使用者介面資料：圍中，除非彼處有明確閣述。 存於記憶體==_資料庫118兩者皆儲存與儲 相關时繼資料。中憶卡200中之數位媒體内容 訊。中繼資料之實例7 關於數位媒體内容之資 於播放之數位媒括(但不限於)允許使用者選擇用 Λ $體内谷的資訊（例如，歌曲名稱、專輯名 稱、次唱/演奏者名稱， 率、編碼方法(例如，：::： 播放的專輯上之歌曲乂库望用以適當地定序歌曲 人序，荨等），及關於數位媒體内容 :關：訊(例如’專輯曲目、歌曲/專輯之持續時間，等 專）。令繼資料可蚀+& '儲存於數位媒體内容自身之檔案中（例 標㈣塊中）’或可儲存於獨立位置中（例如， 輯曲目之训g影像可與數位媒體内容播案獨立地被儲 盡管一些形式之中繼資料可與來自檑案系統之資訊 卜例如，歌曲之標題可與實際樓案名稱相同），但一般 而r令繼資料通常為不同於通常自檔案系統資訊所搜集 之貝況（例如’檔案名稱及檔案大小）的資訊。 實也例中之數位媒體播放器i 〇〇可以町p模式或大量 儲存類（魔)模式來操作’其中數位媒體播放器1〇〇充當標 準磁碟機。MTP為由如⑽灿所指定之協定且主要結合數 位權利管理（職）而加以使用。由_所保護之數位媒體 130867.doc 200900934 f 7今通吊經加密需要許可證，其可儲存於數位媒體播放 器100上。當數位媒體檔案αΜΤρ模式而儲存於數位媒體 播放盗100中時，微處理器130藉由使用ΜΤΡ堆疊而根據 ΜΤΡ協定來將一檔案中之數位媒體内容及另一檔案中之相 關許可證錯存於記憶體11〇中。在此實施例中，心㈣ 數位媒體内容之許可證儲存於數位媒體播放器ι〇〇之記憶 體no令。因此’可使用數位媒體播放器1〇〇(且不使用不 同數位媒體播放器⑽，因為其將不具有所需許可證）來僅 播放儲存於抽取式記憶卡·上之受保護數位媒體内容。 (在一替代實施例t ’受保護數位媒體内容與相關許可證 兩者皆儲存於抽取式記憶卡200上以使内容可攜帶及可播 放於任何適當裝置中。）當數位媒體播放器100連接至主機 裝置f冑位媒體播放器100協商與主機裝置之⑽接觸 且將含有MTP資料庫118之檔案發送至主機裝置。自此資 料庫118中之中繼資料’主機褒置將能夠顯示儲存於數位 媒體播放器100之記憶體11〇及/或抽取式記憶卡·中之數 :媒體内容的表示。因為主機裝置對儲存於記憶體或 ▲ 200中之數位媒體内容的認識來自附p資料庫，所以 較佳的是，使MTP資料庫118保持最新。否則，在建立 MTP資料庫之後添加至記憶體ιι〇或卡細的 將不可為主機裝置所見。 内谷 料庫116亦含有與餘存於記憶體U〇及抽取 式。己憶卡200中之數付拔种如+ 苇體内谷相關的中繼資料。雖妙 MTP資料庫1 18用以允許主機萝 千主機裳置檢視以MTP模式而儲存 J30S67.doc 12- 200900934 於數位媒體播放器1 〇〇中的數位媒體内容，但在此實施例 中’使用者介面資料庫116由數位媒體播放器1〇〇用以存取 及播放MTP儲存及非MTP儲存之數位媒體内容。舉例而 言’數位媒體播放器1〇〇可使用使用者介面資料庫116中之 中繼資料以在其顯示幕上顯示歌曲標題、演唱/演奏者等 等以供使用者選擇且接著使用中繼資料來知曉如何解碼及 播放選定歌曲。 雖然使用者介面資料庫11 6可與MTP資料庫i〗8相同，作 在此實施例中，使用者介面資料庫資料庫118之 子集，因為數位媒體播放器100不需要儲存κΜτρ資料庫 Π8中之所有中繼資料來執行其操作。如此，使用者介面 資料庫116可自儲存於ΜΤΡ資料庫118中之十繼資料的子集 被建置，或其可自ΜΤΡ資料庫i 18被獨立地建置。使用者 介面資料庫116亦可含有未儲存於Μτρ資料庫118中之資 訊。在一目前較佳實施例中，使用者介面資料庫丨16自記 憶體11〇被複製且暫時儲存於RAM 中，ram wo較佳 小於記憶體H)0(例如，320 κ)且亦可允許較快地存取使用 者介面資料庫。若在使用者介面資料庫儲存於RAM 140中 的同時對其進行任何改變’則該等改變可經更新至儲存於 3己憶體11 0中之使用者介面資料庫丨丨6。 如同MTP資料庫！ ！ 8，較佳的是使使用者介面資料庫⑴ 保持取新，否貝，丨’在建立使用者介面資料庫之後添加至記 或卡2〇0的數位媒體内容將不可由數位媒體播放器 存在可觸發使用者介面資料庫116及資料庫11 8 130867.doc •13- 200900934 之重整的特定動作。舉例而言，若將記憶卡2〇〇移除且重 新插入至數位媒體播放器100中，則有可能的是在卡2〇〇 在播放器100外部時，將卡200插入至修改（例如，添加、 移除、重新命名，等等）儲存於卡2〇〇中之數位媒體内容的 主機裝置或另一數位媒體播放器中。在此情形下，使用者 介面資料庫116及MTP資料庫118將不會準確地表示卡2〇〇 之當前狀態。 為了使使用者介面資料庫1 1 6保持最新，微處理器13 〇可 使使用者介面資料庫116在特定條件下重整。在轉至一些 實例之前，應注意，可重整使用者介面資料庫116與Μτρ 資料庫118兩者。然而，因為此實施例中之數位媒體播放 器1〇〇在獨自地操作時僅使用使用者介面資料庫116且不使 用MTP資料庫118來存取數位媒體内容，所以僅使用者介 面資料庫11 6將由此實施例中之數位媒體播放器1 〇〇重整。 (MTP資料庫118可由稍後連接至播放器ι〇〇之主機裝置重 整。）然而，應注意，可重整使用者介面資料庫【丨6與Μτρ 貢料庫118兩者（或僅重整MTP資料庫11 8)。因此，除非本 文中有明確闡述，否則哪些及多少資料庫被重整不應被曲 解於申請專利範圍中。 如上文所提及，存在使用者介面資料庫n6可能不再為 最新的若干情形。一種此情形為數位媒體播放器1〇〇連接 至具有修改儲存於記憶體110及/或卡2〇〇中之數位媒體内 谷之能力的主機裝置時。若主機裝置添加、刪除、重新命 名等等儲存於播放器100中之數位媒體内容中之任一者， 130867.doc •14- 200900934 則使用者介面資料庫116將不再準確地表示儲存於播放器 100中之數位媒體内容。為了確保使用者介面資料庫116將 為最新’可將播放器100設計成使得至能夠修改數位媒體 内容之主機裝置之連接的债測將觸發使用者介面資料庫 116之重整。可（例如）藉由偵測來自usb介面16〇之電力中 斷或判定播放器100經由USB介面16〇而完全協商咖協定 來偵測連接。 另凊形為將s己憶卡200移除且與播放器丨〇〇重新連接 時。在記憶卡200在播放器1〇〇外部的@日寺，有可能的是， 記憶卡200連接至修改儲存於卡2〇〇上之數位媒體内容的主 機裝置或另-數位媒體播放器。另外，重新插人至播放器 1〇〇中之記憶卡可為具有在使用者介面資料庫116中未指定 之數位媒體内容的不同卡。因此，若在數位媒體播放器 100電源開啟的同時，數位媒體播放器⑽偵測到記憶卡插 入至卡槽120中（例如，藉由微處理器130監視卡槽120之接 針輸出（pin-out))，則數位媒體播放器1〇〇可執行使用者介 面資料庫116之重整。應注意，播放器1〇〇可重整整個使用 者介面貧料庫116 (包括儲存於記憶體11()中之數位媒體内 容114的項目，即使卡插入將不損害此等項目），或播放器 1〇〇可僅重整使用者介面資料庫116中之與儲存於卡2〇〇上 之數位媒體内容相關的項目（如由（例如）使用者介面資料庫 11 6中之旗標所指示）。 若數位媒體播放器1〇〇電源關閉，則將不供電給微處理 器130，且因此，將不能夠監視卡槽12〇之接針輸出以判定 130867.doc 15 200900934200900934 IX. Description of the Invention: [Prior Art] - Some digital media players have slots for accommodating removable memory cards, and removable memory cards provide additional memory to digital media players for storing digital media content. In addition to providing more memory to digital media players, removable memory cards can also be used to organize and store different types of digital media content. For example, a user can store a particular type of song on a removable memory card and can store different types of songs on another removable memory card. In this way, the user can simply swap the memory card in the digital media player to listen to different types of songs. When the digital media player turns on the power while the memory card is inserted in its memory card slot, the digital media player may not know what digital media content is stored on the memory card. Therefore, when the power is turned on, the digital media play establishes a medium== library associated with the digital media content stored on the memory card. This process of scanning and building a database can be relatively time consuming. For example, a digital media player may take more than two minutes to scan and build a database of two-billion-bit memory cards. Whenever the digital media player turns on the power while the memory card is plugged into the player, the database is reorganized _ even if no changes have been made to the memory card, the database needs to be reorganized. Since the user needs to wait for the reorganization database before being able to play the digital media content using the digital media player, the (4) person may become disappointed and decide to use the digital media player without the memory card to avoid delay. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention is defined by the patent application system and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the patent application. By way of introduction, the embodiments described below provide a relay data repository for avoiding reorganization related to digital media content and a digital media player and method for providing improved user experience. In one embodiment, the digital media playback of the relay data repository associated with the digital media content is determined to be whether the removable memory device is connected to the digital media player while the digital media player is powered off. The digital media player only reorganizes the database when it determines that the bit media player is powered off while the removable memory device is connected to the digital media player. In another embodiment, the digital player determines whether the digital media that is dependent on the removable memory device has changed since the last update of the database. If it is determined that the digital media content stored on the removable memory device has changed since the last update of the database, the digital media player reorganizes the database. ^ A yoke example, the digital media spoofing of the storage media transfer protocol database is stored in the removable memory connected to the digital media player, and the digital media content placed thereon has changed since the media transfer agreement database . The digital media player then uses the relay data associated with the digital media content stored in the device to reconfigure the media to pass the protocol M/3⁄4 JL.t. In another embodiment, the digital media player stores the digital correlation in the removable memory device, stores the auxiliary information of the digital media content in the memory of the digital media player, and stores the information in the digital media player. In the removable memory device. In this manner, the auxiliary device is carried by the removable memory device and can be accessed by the second digit when the removable memory device 130867.doc 200900934 j is placed in communication with the second digital player. Other embodiments are disclosed, and each of the embodiments can be used alone or in combination. Embodiments will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. [Embodiment] Turning to the drawings, Fig. 1 is a description of a digital media player_ of an embodiment. The digital media player 100 can take any form, such as, but not limited to, a f-type audio player (e.g., an MP3 player), a portable video player, a cellular phone, a car stereo system, and the like. Despite the use of the buckle player, it should be understood that the digital media player may be capable of recording digital media content (either from an internal source or an external source) in addition to playing digital media content. "Digital media may take any appropriate form, such as (but not limited to), audio files or video files (with or without audio). As shown in FIG. 1, the digital media player 100 of this embodiment includes a memory 110 and a slot 12 configured to receive the removable memory device (eg, having a mating electrical connector). Take any appropriate form, such as a memory card (eg, an SD card) or a memory stick. In such implementations, the removable memory device will take the form of a removable memory card 200. ^ Various terms will be used herein to describe the removable memory that is placed in communication with the digital media playback state. The device "columns, inserts the removable memory device into the player, connects the removable memory device to the player 100', etc.) It should be apparent that no specific mechanism is required and nothing should be Misinterpreted in the scope of the patent application. In addition, the removable memory device can be placed directly or through one or more components to communicate with the digital media player 1100. The one or more components may or may not be shown or described herein. The memory 110 in the digital media player 100 may also take any form of solid state, magnetic, light, etc.) but preferably, memory The body J i 0 is a non-volatile memory (for example, 'flash memory'). It should also be noted that the memory 110 inside the digital media player (10) can be removable, similar to the removable memory card 2 . Such as As shown in FIG. 1, the digital media player 100 includes a plurality of components: a microprocessor U0, a RAM _, for example, an SRAM, a user interface device 150, a universal serial bus (deletion) interface (10), and a memory card insertion detection power. 17. Other components of the digital media player (10) are not shown in the drawings to simplify the drawing. J_ may include, for example, to allow digital media files and other data to be wirelessly transmitted between the digital media player (10) and other devices. Components. It should be noted that the components of the 'Although' are shown as being independent of one another, but one or more of these components may be combined. For example, while microprocessor 130 and RAM 140 are shown as two separate components, microprocessor 130 and RAM 140 may be part of the same die or package. The operation of the 'digital media player (10) in this embodiment is typically controlled by a microprocessor 130 executing a computer readable program code stored in the memory 11 as a firmware 112. It should be noted that although the microprocessor 13 is shown in Figure 1, different forms of circuitry may be used to perform some or all of the functions (and other functions) described herein. A "circuit" may include one or more components and is a purely hardware embodiment and/or a combined hardware/software (or firmware) embodiment. Thus, a "circuit" may take the form of a microprocessor or processor And storing computer readable code executable by, for example, a (micro)processor, a logic 1 switch, a special application integrated circuit 130867.doc 200900934 (ASK:), a programmable logic controller, and an embedded microcontroller ( For example, software or firmware) in the form of one of the computer readable media or the eve of the evening. It should be noted that the 'circuits' described in the scope of the patent can be used for months or may not include a memory card. Measuring circuit (7), which is described below. In addition, the delta recall card insertion detection circuit 17 may or may not include a microprocessor. In operation, the 'digital media player 1' uses its user interface device 150 to allow the latter to select and broadcast the digital media content stored in the memory U0 or stored in the removable memory card. The user interface ΛΙ can include, for example, a display device for displaying a list of available digital media slots and related information (eg, album track (10) um art), a scroll wheel or arrow for allowing the user to select a digital media file (4), And ^ provides a headphone jack or speaker for the audio output of the selected digital media file. If the selected digital media file contains video, the video can be displayed on the display device. In general, the 'digital media player (10) can store - or a plurality of databases having information about the digital media composition stored in the memory U0 and/or the removable memory card. These databases may be used by the digital media player 100 during the selection and playback of digital media content. In some cases, the host can be connected to the digital media player via a USB interface 16G or other components not shown (eg, a 'wireless transmitter') (eg, a PC, another digital media player, Etc.) to use these databases. Although any number and type of databases can be used, in this example: = two databases are used: a user interface database m and an inbound transfer protocol (MTP) database 118, in this embodiment They are stored in the memory of 130867.doc -10- 200900934 (but if necessary, in the database (1)]). Note: 1 "Storage in different memory types should not be misinterpreted - the number and type of databases used in the application of the application. User interface information: unless there is a clear statement. Stored in the memory == _ database 118 both store and store relevant time-dependent data. Digital media content in Zhongyi Card 200. Example 7 of relay data The digital media content for digital media content (but not limited to) allows the user to select information for the $ body valley (eg, song name, album name, secondary singer/player name) , rate, encoding method (for example, :::: the song on the album that is played on the album is used to properly sequence the songs, etc.), and on the digital media content: off: (for example, 'album tracks, The duration of the song/album, etc.). The data is eroded + & 'stored in the file of the digital media content itself (in the case of the standard (four) block)' or can be stored in a separate location (for example, the track The training g image can be stored independently with the digital media content broadcast. Although some forms of relay data can be combined with the information from the file system, for example, the title of the song can be the same as the actual project name), but generally The information is usually different from the information collected from the file system information (such as 'file name and file size'). In the example, the digital media player i can be used in the p mode or a large number of storage classes. "Magic" mode to operate 'where the digital media player 1 is used as a standard disk drive. MTP is used by the agreement specified by (10) Can and is mainly used in conjunction with digital rights management (title). Digital media protected by _ 130867.doc 200900934 f 7 This pass encryption requires a license, which can be stored on the digital media player 100. When the digital media file αΜΤρ mode is stored in the digital media player 100, the microprocessor 130 uses ΜΤΡ Stacking and arbitrarily storing the digital media content in one file and the related license in another file in the memory 11〇 according to the ΜΤΡ agreement. In this embodiment, the license of the heart (four) digital media content is stored in the digital device. The media player's memory is no. So 'you can use the digital media player 1 (and don't use a different digital media player (10) because it will not have the required license) to play only in the extraction Protected digital media content on a memory card. (In an alternate embodiment t 'protected digital media content and associated licenses are stored on removable memory card 20 0 to make the content portable and playable in any suitable device.) When the digital media player 100 is connected to the host device, the media player 100 negotiates (10) contact with the host device and will contain the file of the MTP database 118. Sended to the host device. The relay data from the database 118 will be able to display the number of memory 11 〇 and/or removable memory card stored in the digital media player 100: representation of the media content Since the host device's knowledge of the digital media content stored in the memory or ▲ 200 comes from the p-database, it is preferable to keep the MTP database 118 up-to-date. Otherwise, it is added to the memory after the MTP database is created. Body 卡 or card will not be visible to the host device. The inner grain reservoir 116 also contains and remains in the memory U 〇 and the extraction mode. It has been recalled that the number of cards in the card 200 is such as + 苇 body-related relay data. Although the MTP database 1 18 is used to allow the host to host the viewing and store the digital media content in the digital media player 1 以 in the MTP mode, but in this embodiment 'use The interface database 116 is used by the digital media player 1 to access and play digital media content of MTP storage and non-MTP storage. For example, the 'digital media player 1' can use the relay material in the user interface database 116 to display the song title, singer/player, etc. on the display screen for the user to select and then use the relay. Information to know how to decode and play the selected song. Although the user interface database 116 can be the same as the MTP database i8, in this embodiment, the user interface database library 118 is subset, because the digital media player 100 does not need to store the κΜτρ database Π8 All relay data to perform its operations. Thus, the user interface database 116 can be built from a subset of the ten data stored in the database 118, or it can be independently created from the database i 18. The user interface database 116 may also contain information that is not stored in the Μτρ database 118. In a presently preferred embodiment, the user interface database 〇 16 is copied from the memory 11 且 and temporarily stored in the RAM. The ram wo is preferably smaller than the memory H) 0 (eg, 320 κ) and may also be allowed. Access the user interface database faster. If the user interface database is stored in the RAM 140 while making any changes thereto, then the changes can be updated to the user interface database 储存6 stored in the 3 memory. Just like the MTP database! ! 8. It is preferable to keep the user interface database (1) fresh, no, and the digital media content added to the note or card 2〇0 after the user interface database is created will not be available by the digital media player. The specific actions of the reorganization of the user interface database 116 and the database 11 8 130867.doc • 13- 200900934 can be triggered. For example, if the memory card 2 is removed and reinserted into the digital media player 100, it is possible to insert the card 200 into the modification when the card 2 is external to the player 100 (eg, Add, remove, rename, etc.) a host device or another digital media player stored in the digital media content in the card. In this case, the user interface database 116 and the MTP database 118 will not accurately represent the current state of the card 2〇〇. In order to keep the user interface library 116 up to date, the microprocessor 13 can cause the user interface database 116 to be reorganized under certain conditions. Before moving on to some examples, it should be noted that both the user interface database 116 and the Μτρ database 118 can be reformed. However, since the digital media player 1 in this embodiment uses only the user interface database 116 and does not use the MTP database 118 to access digital media content when operating alone, only the user interface database 11 6 The digital media player 1 in this embodiment is reformed. (The MTP database 118 can be reorganized by a host device that is later connected to the player ι.) However, it should be noted that the user interface database [丨6 and Μτρ tributary library 118 can be reformed (or only The entire MTP database 11 8). Therefore, unless and where explicitly stated in this document, which and how many databases are reorganized should not be misinterpreted in the scope of patent application. As mentioned above, there are several situations in which the user interface database n6 may no longer be up to date. One such situation is when the digital media player is connected to a host device having the ability to modify the contents of the digital media stored in the memory 110 and/or the card 2A. If the host device adds, deletes, renames, etc. any of the digital media content stored in the player 100, 130867.doc • 14- 200900934, the user interface database 116 will no longer accurately store the playback. Digital media content in device 100. In order to ensure that the user interface database 116 will be up to date, the player 100 can be designed such that the connection to the host device capable of modifying the digital media content will trigger the reorganization of the user interface database 116. The connection can be detected, for example, by detecting a power interruption from the usb interface 16 or determining that the player 100 has completely negotiated the coffee protocol via the USB interface 16〇. Another shape is to remove the suffix card 200 and reconnect with the player 丨〇〇. In the @日寺 where the memory card 200 is external to the player 1, it is possible that the memory card 200 is connected to a host device or another digital media player that modifies the digital media content stored on the card. Additionally, the memory card reinserted into the player can be a different card having digital media content not specified in the user interface database 116. Therefore, if the digital media player 100 is powered on, the digital media player (10) detects that the memory card is inserted into the card slot 120 (for example, by the microprocessor 130 monitoring the pin output of the card slot 120 (pin- Out)), the digital media player 1 can perform the reorganization of the user interface database 116. It should be noted that the player 1 may reorganize the entire user interface library 116 (including the items of the digital media content 114 stored in the memory 11 (), even if the card insertion will not damage such items), or play The device 1 may only reorganize items in the user interface database 116 associated with digital media content stored on the card 2 (eg, as indicated by, for example, a flag in the user interface database 116) ). If the digital media player 1 power is off, no power will be supplied to the microprocessor 130, and therefore, the pin output of the card slot 12 will not be monitored to determine 130867.doc 15 200900934
在播放器100電源關閉的同時是否插入記憶卡。因此，作 為避免受損害資料庫之預防措施，數位媒體播放器1〇〇可 經设s十以母當在記憶卡插入於卡槽丨2 〇中的情況下而使數 位媒體播放器100電源開啟時重整使用者介面資料庫丨16。 因為重整總疋發生在電源開啟時，所以避免過時之使用者 介面為料庫1 16的可能性。然而’如上文在背景部分中所 描述，重整使用者介面資料庫丨16之過程可相對耗時。舉 例而言，數位媒體播放器1 〇〇可能需要兩分鐘以上之時間 來重整用於完整二十億位元組型記憶卡之資料庫丨18。因 為每當播放器100電源開啟時將遭遇此延遲（即使在播放器 100電源關閉時未自槽120中移除記憶卡200)，所以使用者 可變得失望且決；t不將抽取式記憶卡2⑻與數位媒體播放 器100—起使用以避免此延遲。 為了避免使用者介面資料庫之不需要的重整，在此實施 例中，數位媒體播放器100包含記憶卡插入偵測電路Η。， 記憶卡插入偵測電路170偵測抽取式記憶卡何時插入於數 位媒體播放器⑽中。記憶卡插入備測電路17〇較佳由即使 S數位媒體播放器1 〇 〇電源關閉時仍提供電力之電、、也 電，因此，即使當數位媒體播放器100電源關閉時，2 170仍可彳貞測記憶卡之插人。當在記憶卡插人於卡槽 的情況下而使數位媒體播放器100電源開啟時，數a位女 播放器1 00檢查記憶卡插入偵測電路1 7〇以判定在 、 播放器100電源關閉的同時是否插入抽取式二憶=位媒體 自動地重整使用者介面資料庫丨丨6。僅在 h力 而非 疋在數位媒體 130867.doc -16- 200900934 播放器1 00電源關閉的同時記憶卡插入於數位媒體播放器 100中時才重整使用者介面資料庫丨丨6 ;否則，避免重整操 作0Whether the memory card is inserted while the player 100 is powered off. Therefore, as a precaution to avoid the damaged database, the digital media player 1 can be set to enable the digital media player 100 to be turned on when the memory card is inserted in the card slot 2 Time to reorganize the user interface database 丨16. Since the total reorganization occurs when the power is turned on, the possibility of the outdated user interface being the repository 1 16 is avoided. However, as described above in the background section, the process of reforming the user interface database 可 16 can be relatively time consuming. For example, the Digital Media Player 1 may take more than two minutes to reform the database for a full 2 billion-bit memory card. Because this delay will be encountered whenever the player 100 is powered on (even if the memory card 200 is not removed from the slot 120 when the player 100 is powered off), the user can become disappointed and decide; t does not take the removable memory Card 2 (8) is used in conjunction with digital media player 100 to avoid this delay. In order to avoid unnecessary re-engineering of the user interface database, in this embodiment, the digital media player 100 includes a memory card insertion detecting circuit. The memory card insertion detecting circuit 170 detects when the removable memory card is inserted into the digital media player (10). The memory card insertion test circuit 17 is preferably powered by electricity even when the S-digital media player 1 is powered off, so that even when the digital media player 100 is powered off, the 2 170 can still be used. Measure the insertion of the memory card. When the digital media player 100 is powered on when the memory card is inserted into the card slot, the number a female player 100 checks the memory card insertion detecting circuit 1 7 to determine that the player 100 is powered off. At the same time, whether or not the removable second memory = bit media is automatically inserted to automatically reconfigure the user interface database 丨丨 6. The user interface database 丨丨6 is only re-constructed when the memory card is inserted in the digital media player 100 while the power is turned off in the digital media 130867.doc -16- 200900934; otherwise, Avoid reorganization operations 0
圖2為實施例之記憶卡插入偵測電路丨70的說明。應注 意，圖2所示之實施例僅為實例，且記憶卡插入偵測電路 17〇可採取其他形式。因此，除非本文中有明確闡述，否 則圖2所不之組件不應被曲解於申請專利範圍中。如圖2所 示在此實把例中，5己憶卡插入偵測電路1 70包含一 D正反 器m及複數個電阻器…^⑼。在一實施例中，正反 器175才木取74 175正反器之形式（零件號則礼¥(：1(}1751^狀 PbF)且為積體電路之—部分，且電阻器ri、及们為具 有以下各別電阻（具有5%容限）之灿4〇2電阻器：ι〇〇歐姆、 47千歐姆及1()千歐姆。當然，可使用其他值及設計。舉例 而言’可使用另一類型之鎖存器，而非D正反器。 在此實施例中，正反器175由電池（未圖示，但提供圖2 所不之CHG_〇UT 幻供電’使得即使當數位媒體播放器 1〇〇電源關閉時’正反器175仍可操作。至正反器175之時 脈的輸人連接至記憶卡槽12G。當記憶卡插人至槽12〇中 寺槽120將U提供至時脈輸入，從而使時脈自低轉至 高。自槽120中移除卡會使時脈自高轉至低。正反器175之 D輸入連接至即使當數位媒體播放器⑽電源_時仍將作 號（CHG_〇UT)提供至D輸人之電池。因為d輸人總是處二 高狀態’所以當記憶卡插入於槽12〇中時，Q將為高(因為 卡插入使時脈自低轉至高）。將Q輸出提供至微處理器 130867.doc 200900934 130隨後自槽120中移除卡不會影響此實施例中Q之值， 口為脈之改變未重設正反器丨7 〇，且來自電池之恆定信 號連接至正反器170上之反相清零輸入。然而，正反器175 可自來自微處理器之信號被重設。 圖3為說明記憶卡插入偵測電路17〇之操作的流程圖 300。如圖3所示，在數位媒體播放器⑽電源開啟的同 時，微處理器130重整使用者介面資料庫116(動作31〇)。如 上文所論述，各種情形可觸發重整，包括（但不限於）微處 理器130偵測到來自記憶卡槽12〇之插入信號的改變(例 女移除°己憶卡’且隨後’插入記憶卡），或微處理器1 30 偵測到數位媒體播放器連接至能夠修改儲存於所插入記憶 卡上之數位媒體内容的主機裝置。可以任—適當方式來重 整使用者介面資料庫116。舉例而言，整個資料庫叫包 括來自内部記憶體n〇之項目）可被擦除且自零開始被重新 建置。或者，僅經識別為屬於卡(但不屬於内部記憶體"〇) 之彼等項目可被擦除且自零開始被重新建置。作為另一替 代例’項目可在重整過程期間保持於資料庫中且被驗證， 其中過時之項目被移除或被修改，而非擦除資料庫項目及 重新建置資料庫。在使用者介面資料庫116已被重整之 後U處理斋130將記憶卡插入偵測電路17〇清零(動作 320)。在此實施例巾’微處理器13〇藉由確定適當俨號來 執行此動作以將正反器清零。將正反器175清零意”輸出 將為低。 如上文所提及，即使當數位媒體播放器1〇〇電源關閉 130867.doc 200900934 時，仍將電力提供至記憶卡插入偵測電路170。因此，記 憶卡插入偵測電路〗70可偵測在數位媒體播放器】〇〇電源關 閉的同日·^ δ己憶卡是否插入至記憶卡槽1中（動作33〇)。具 體σ之，©自槽1 20中移除記憶卡且將相同或不同記憶卡 插入至槽12〇中時，卡之插入使時脈信號自低轉至高，此 使Q輸出亦自低轉至高。（因為記憶卡槽120未連接至正反 器175之清零輸入，所以記憶卡之後續移除將不會使卩輸出 自咼轉至低。） 當數位媒體播放器100稍後電源開啟時，微處理器130經 歷電源開啟(或啟動)常式，其一部分判定記憶卡偵測電路 170是否偵測到在播放器1〇〇電源關閉的同時記憶卡插入至 槽120中（動作34〇)。若記憶卡偵測電路i 7〇偵測到在播放器 ⑽電源關_同時記憶卡插入至槽12〇中（例士〇，Q輸出為 回而非低），且若微處理器13〇偵測到當前在卡槽12〇中存 =卡（若沒有卡在卡槽12〇中，則在資料庫包括用以指定 外。卩數位媒體内容之攔位時資料庫重整可能不為必要 的），則微處理器13〇將知曉存在於槽120中之卡可能不含 有與在使用者介面資料庫116經最後重整時（亦即，在 出，盈最後重设為零時）相同的數位媒體内容。因此，使用 者介面資料庫116可能不為準確的，且微處理器130將讀取 卡上之數位媒體内容且重整使用者介面f料庫116 350)。 ^而右5己憶卡偵測電路1 70未偵測到在播放器丨〇〇電源 關閉的同時記憶卡插入至槽12〇中(例如，Q輸出仍為低):、 130867.doc 200900934 則微處理器130將知曉電源開啟時在槽〗20中之卡與上次使 用者介面資料庫116被重整時（亦即，在(^輸出經最後重設 為零時）槽120中之卡相同。因為微處理器13〇知曉可能尚 未對卡上之數位媒體内容進行任何改變（因為卡在電源關 閉期間未插入至播放器10〇中，所以不存在使另—裝置改 變卡上之數位媒體内容的機會），所以微處理器13〇可繼續 進行電源開啟程序而不重整使用者介面資料庫丨16(動作 6〇)此將避免不需要的啟動延遲，該啟動延遲可使使用 者失望且使其失去使用抽取式記憶卡之信心。 存在可與此等實施例一起使用之許多替代例。舉例而 σ ，可藉由在播放器1 〇〇電源關閉的同時偵測抽取式記憶 卡來觸發使用者介面資料庫116之重整，而非基於偵測到 在播放器100電源關閉的同時記憶卡之插入來觸發使用者 介面資料庫116之重整。在使用者介面資料庫116不具有用 以區別儲存於卡上與儲存於内部記憶體丨1〇中之數位媒體 内容之欄位的情形下’此替代例可能為較佳的。在此等情 形下，可能需要資料庫重整以避免向使用者呈現播放不再 可用於數位媒體播放器100之數位媒體内容的選項。在又 一實施例中’微處理器13〇可在重整資料庫時儲存正反器 1 7 5之狀態且稍後比較正反器〗7 5之當前狀態與所儲存狀 態，而非在資料庫重整後即將正反器175清零且稍後在卩之 值為高時觸發新重整。狀態之差異將指示卡被移除及/或 插入至卡槽12〇中且將觸發資料庫重整。 應庄忍在數位媒體播放器1 〇〇電源開啟的同時，微處 130867.doc •20· 200900934 理器130可直接地監視卡槽120且基於插入信號是否藉由卡 槽120而提供至微處理器130來觸發使用者介面資料庫n6 之重整。然而，微處理器130亦可藉由監視正反器175之q 輸出來偵測電源開啟時卡之插入。 在上述實施例中，資料庫重整係藉由將記憶卡插入至卡 槽120中來觸發-在數位媒體播放器1〇〇電源關閉的同時（如 使用記憶卡插入偵測電路17〇所偵測），或在數位媒體播放 裔100電源開啟的同時（如自來自卡槽12〇之插入線或使用 記憶卡插入偵測電路170所偵測）。在任一情形下，記憶卡 自播放器100中之移除提供記憶卡上之數位媒體内容被修 改的可能性，且該可能性為使用者介面資料庫116被重整 的原因 '然而’有可能的是，資料庫重整可能為不必要 的因為卡上之數位媒體内容在卡在播放器100外部時可 能尚未改變。 為了在此等情形下避免使用者介面資料庫〗16之不需要 的重整，微處理器130可實施圖4之流程圖400中所示的方 法。具體言之，微處理器130可判定儲存於記憶卡上之數 位媒體内4自從資料庫經最後更新以來是否改變（動作410) 且在判疋儲存於記憶卡上之數位媒體内容自從資料庫經最 :更新X來改變時重整資料庫（動作倒）。藉由此方法，若 ^ 數位媒體内容尚未改變（或換言之，若所插入 "卡上之數位媒體内容與儲存於數位媒體播放器中之使 用者介面資料庙 、 一致），則微處理器1 3 0避免重整資料 庫。此方法可姑Y 、 、-、早獨地使用或經組合上述實施例使用以用 130867.doc -21 · 200900934 於在數位媒體播放器100電源關閉的同時進行記憶卡之移 除/插入偵測。又，此方法可在數位媒體播放器1〇〇之電源 開啟常式期間被使用及/或可在數位媒體播放器⑽已經開 啟電源時被使用。此方法亦可在數位媒體播放器刚連接 至能夠修改卡中之數位媒體内容的裝置時被使用以偵測此 裝置是否實際上修改數位媒體内容。以此方式，微處理哭 uo可判定主機裝置是否實際上修改數㈣體内容，μFIG. 2 is an illustration of the memory card insertion detecting circuit 70 of the embodiment. It should be noted that the embodiment shown in Fig. 2 is merely an example, and the memory card insertion detecting circuit 17 can take other forms. Therefore, components not shown in Figure 2 should not be misinterpreted in the scope of the patent application unless explicitly stated herein. As shown in Fig. 2, in the example, the 5 card recall detection circuit 1 70 includes a D flip-flop m and a plurality of resistors ... (9). In one embodiment, the flip-flop 175 is in the form of a 74 175 flip-flop (the part number is ¥(:1(}1751^ PbF) and is part of the integrated circuit, and the resistor ri, They are Can 4 〇 2 resistors with the following individual resistances (with 5% tolerance): ι ohm, 47 kHz and 1 () kilo ohms. Of course, other values and designs can be used. For example 'Another type of latch can be used instead of a D flip-flop. In this embodiment, the flip-flop 175 is made of a battery (not shown, but provides the CHG_〇UT phantom power supply of Figure 2) Even when the digital media player 1 power is turned off, the flip-flop 175 is still operable. The input to the clock of the flip-flop 175 is connected to the memory card slot 12G. When the memory card is inserted into the slot 12, the temple is The slot 120 provides U to the clock input to cause the clock to go from low to high. Removing the card from the slot 120 causes the clock to go from high to low. The D input of the flip 175 is connected even when the digital media is playing. When the power supply (10) is still _, the number (CHG_〇UT) is still supplied to the D input battery. Since the d input is always in the second high state, so when the memory card is inserted into the slot 12 In the middle, Q will be high (because the card insertion turns the clock from low to high). Providing the Q output to the microprocessor 130867.doc 200900934 130 and subsequently removing the card from the slot 120 does not affect the Q in this embodiment. The value, the mouth pulse change does not reset the flip 丨 7 〇, and the constant signal from the battery is connected to the inverting clear input on the flip flop 170. However, the flip flop 175 can be self-processor The signal is reset.Figure 3 is a flow chart 300 illustrating the operation of the memory card insertion detection circuit 17. As shown in Figure 3, while the digital media player (10) is powered on, the microprocessor 130 reconfigures the user interface. Database 116 (action 31). As discussed above, various situations may trigger a reforming, including but not limited to, the microprocessor 130 detects a change in the insertion signal from the memory card slot 12 (the female removal) The memory card is 'received' and then 'inserted into the memory card', or the microprocessor 1 30 detects that the digital media player is connected to a host device capable of modifying the digital media content stored on the inserted memory card. To reconfigure the user interface database 116 For example, the entire database, including items from internal memory, can be erased and re-established from scratch. Or, only recognized as belonging to the card (but not internal memory "〇) Their items can be erased and re-established from scratch. As an alternative, the project can be kept in the database and verified during the re-engineering process, where obsolete items are removed or modified, Instead of erasing the database item and re-establishing the database, after the user interface database 116 has been reformatted, the U processing chip 130 clears the memory card insertion detecting circuit 17 (act 320). The towel 'microprocessor 13' performs this action by determining the appropriate apostrophe to clear the flip flop. Clearing the flip-flop 175 will mean that the output will be low. As mentioned above, even when the digital media player 1 power is turned off 130867.doc 200900934, power is supplied to the memory card insertion detecting circuit 170. Therefore, the memory card insertion detecting circuit 70 can detect whether the digital media player 〇〇 〇〇 〇〇 己 己 己 己 己 己 ( ( 动作 动作 动作 动作 动作 动作 动作 动作 动作 动作 动作 动作 动作 动作 动作 动作 动作 动作 动作 动作 动作 动作 动作 动作 动作 动作 动作When the memory card is removed from the slot 1 20 and the same or a different memory card is inserted into the slot 12, the insertion of the card causes the clock signal to go from low to high, which causes the Q output to also go from low to high (because of the memory card). The slot 120 is not connected to the clear input of the flip flop 175, so subsequent removal of the memory card will not cause the 卩 output to be automatically turned to low.) When the digital media player 100 is powered on later, the microprocessor 130 After experiencing the power-on (or startup) routine, a part of it determines whether the memory card detection circuit 170 detects that the memory card is inserted into the slot 120 while the player 1 is powered off (act 34). If the memory card is detected Test circuit i 7〇 detected in the player (10) Off _ while the memory card is inserted into the slot 12〇 (eg, the Q output is back instead of low), and if the microprocessor 13 detects that it is currently stored in the card slot = = card (if there is no card in In the card slot 12, the database 13〇 will know the card existing in the slot 120 when the database includes a database to specify that the database media content is not necessary for the interception of the digital media content. It may not contain the same digital media content as when the user interface database 116 was last reformed (ie, when the output is finally reset to zero). Therefore, the user interface database 116 may not be accurate. And the microprocessor 130 will read the digital media content on the card and reform the user interface f library 116 350). ^ The right 5 memory card detection circuit 1 70 is not detected in the player 丨〇〇 The memory card is inserted into the slot 12 while the power is off (for example, the Q output is still low): 130867.doc 200900934 The microprocessor 130 will know the card in slot 20 and the last user interface when the power is turned on. When the database 116 is reformed (that is, in the slot 120 when the output is finally reset to zero) The card is the same. Because the microprocessor 13 knows that there may not have been any changes to the digital media content on the card (because the card was not inserted into the player 10 while the power was off, there is no other device to change the digits on the card) The opportunity for the media content), so the microprocessor 13 can continue the power-on procedure without re-constructing the user interface library 丨 16 (action 6 此) which will avoid unwanted startup delays, which can cause the user to delay Disappointing and losing the confidence to use a removable memory card. There are many alternatives that can be used with these embodiments. For example, σ can be detected by the removable memory card while the player 1 is powered off. The reorganization of the user interface database 116 is triggered instead of triggering the reorganization of the user interface database 116 based on detecting the insertion of the memory card while the player 100 is powered off. This alternative may be preferred where the user interface database 116 does not have a field for distinguishing between digital content stored on the card and stored in the internal memory. In such situations, database reorganization may be required to avoid presenting the user with the option to play digital media content that is no longer available to the digital media player 100. In still another embodiment, the 'microprocessor 13' can store the status of the flip-flop 175 while reforming the database and later compare the current state of the flip-flop 7.5 with the stored state, rather than the data. After the library is reorganized, the flip flop 175 is cleared and the new reorganization is triggered later when the value of 卩 is high. The difference in status will indicate that the card has been removed and/or inserted into the card slot 12 and will trigger a database reorganization. At the same time that the digital media player 1 〇〇 power is turned on, the micro-130867.doc • 20· 200900 934 processor 130 can directly monitor the card slot 120 and provide the micro-processing based on whether the insertion signal is provided by the card slot 120. The device 130 triggers the reorganization of the user interface database n6. However, the microprocessor 130 can also detect the insertion of the card when the power is turned on by monitoring the q output of the flip flop 175. In the above embodiment, the database reorganization is triggered by inserting the memory card into the card slot 120 - while the digital media player 1 is powered off (eg, using the memory card insertion detection circuit 17) Measured), or when the digital media is turned on (for example, from the insertion line from the card slot 12 or using the memory card insertion detection circuit 170). In either case, the removal of the memory card from the player 100 provides the possibility that the digital media content on the memory card is modified, and the likelihood that the user interface database 116 has been reorganized is 'but' possible However, database reorganization may be unnecessary because the digital media content on the card may not have changed when it is external to the player 100. In order to avoid unwanted refactoring of the user interface library 16 in such situations, the microprocessor 130 may implement the method illustrated in the flowchart 400 of FIG. Specifically, the microprocessor 130 can determine whether the digital media stored in the memory card has changed since the last update of the database (act 410) and the digital media content stored on the memory card is determined from the database. Most: Update X to reorganize the database when it changes (action reversal). By this method, if the digital media content has not been changed (or in other words, if the digital media content inserted in the " card is consistent with the user interface data stored in the digital media player), the microprocessor 1 3 0 Avoid reorganizing the database. This method can be used, or used alone or in combination with the above embodiment to use 130867.doc -21 · 200900934 for memory card removal/insertion detection while the digital media player 100 is powered off. . Moreover, the method can be used during the power-on mode of the digital media player and/or can be used when the digital media player (10) has been powered on. The method can also be used when the digital media player is just connected to a device capable of modifying the digital media content in the card to detect whether the device actually modifies the digital media content. In this way, the micro-processing cry can determine whether the host device actually modifies the number of contents (4), μ
/ V 在偵測到至主機裝置之USB連接之後自動地觸發使用者介 面資料庫116之重整。 彳適田方法可用以判定儲存於記憶卡上之數位媒體内 容自從資料庫經最後更新以來是否改變。舉例而言，卡上 每數位媒體内谷植案的詳細清單可儲存於數位媒體播 放器⑽之内部記憶體110中。每當將卡插入至播放器1〇〇 中時可建立類似清單，且可比較類似清單與所健存清單以 判定資料庫重整是否為必要的。因為此清單之建立可為相 對耗時過程’戶斤以微處理器13〇可使用來自記憶卡之棺案 配置表（FAT)的資訊作為快捷方式（A。·)。舉例而言， 微處理器13(>可在建置使用者介面資料庫116時對記憶卡之 FAT表目錄結構執行總和檢查碼㈣以_)操作且將總和 檢查碼值儲存於數位媒體播放器⑽之記憶體⑽中。在電 二=微處理器13。可對插入於卡槽12〇中之記憶卡的 構執行新總和檢查碼計算且比較新總和檢查 碼值與儲存於記憶體m中之總和檢查碼值 目錄結構尹之信r日。 马FAT表 值（且因此’ FAT表目錄結構之總和檢查碼 130867.doc -22· 200900934 值）係基於記憶卡之内容，所以在計算總和檢查碼時，總 和私查碼值提供對於記憶卡上之内容而言相對唯一的數 目。並且，計算總和檢查碼值比產生儲存於記憶卡上之數 位媒體内容之充分唯一的詳細清單快得多，因為fat表目 錄結構相對較小。總和檢查碼值之匹配將指示卡上之數位 媒體内容未被修改，且可避免資料庫重整。對比而言，總 和檢查碼值之不匹配將指示卡中之數位媒體内容被修改， 且將執行資料庫重整。 作為另一替代例’微處理器13〇可比較fat表中之一或 多個欄位，而非比較總和檢查碼值。適當FAT攔位包括 FSI—Free_Count欄位及 FSI_Nxt—Free攔位。FSI—Free—c〇unt 欄位含有卷上之最後已知的自由叢集計數（亦即，其指示 在卷上有多少叢集為自由的）。FSI_Nxt_Free攔位指示驅動 器應開始尋找自由叢集時的叢集號。此等值（當自更新使 用者介面資料庫1丨6之時間未改變時）指示記憶卡上之數位 媒體内谷亦未改變的高機率。儘管比較此等攔位比計算總 矛h查馬值快，但此專攔位中之值可能不如總和檢查碼值 一樣為唯一的，因為可在多個組態的情況下獲得給定叢集 號。因此，此等欄位之使用可導致比使用總和檢查碼值時 更多的錯誤肯定/否定。 如上文所論述’儘管在上文說明中僅重整使用者介面資 料庫1 1 6 ’但當重整操作發生時，可重整使用者介面資料 庫116與MTP資料庫118兩者（或僅重整Μτρ資料庫118)。對 於重整MTP資料庫118連同（或替代）使用者介面資料庫116 130867.doc •23· 200900934/V automatically triggers the reorganization of the user interface database 116 after detecting a USB connection to the host device. The 彳田 method can be used to determine whether the digital media content stored on the memory card has changed since the last update of the database. For example, a detailed list of valleys per digital media on the card can be stored in the internal memory 110 of the digital media player (10). A similar list can be created each time a card is inserted into the player 1〇〇, and a similar list and a list of lives can be compared to determine if a database reorganization is necessary. Because this list can be created as a shortcut (A..) for the relative time-consuming process, the microprocessor 13 can use the file configuration table (FAT) from the memory card. For example, the microprocessor 13 (> may perform a sum check code (4) on the FAT table directory structure of the memory card when the user interface database 116 is built, and store the sum check code value in the digital media play. In the memory (10) of the device (10). In the electric two = microprocessor 13. A new sum check code calculation can be performed on the memory card inserted in the card slot 12, and the new sum check code value and the sum check code value stored in the memory m can be compared with the directory structure Yin Zhixin r. The horse FAT table value (and therefore the sum of the 'FAT table directory structure check code 130867.doc -22· 200900934 value) is based on the content of the memory card, so when calculating the sum check code, the sum of the private check code values is provided on the memory card. Relatively unique number in terms of content. Also, calculating the sum check code value is much faster than producing a sufficiently unique detailed list of digital media content stored on the memory card because the fat table directory structure is relatively small. A match between the sum check code values will indicate that the digital media content on the card has not been modified and database reorganization can be avoided. In contrast, a mismatch in the sum check code value will indicate that the digital media content in the card has been modified and a database reorganization will be performed. As a further alternative, the microprocessor 13 can compare one or more fields in the fat table instead of comparing the sum check code values. Appropriate FAT blocks include the FSI-Free_Count field and the FSI_Nxt-Free block. The FSI-Free-c〇unt field contains the last known free cluster count on the volume (i.e., it indicates how many clusters are free on the volume). The FSI_Nxt_Free block indicates the cluster number at which the drive should start looking for free clusters. This value (when the time since the update of the user interface database 1丨6 has not changed) indicates a high probability that the digital media on the memory card has not changed. Although comparing these intercepts is faster than calculating the total spear h, the value in this exclusive bit may not be as unique as the sum check value because a given cluster number can be obtained in multiple configurations. . Therefore, the use of these fields can result in more false positives/negations than when using the sum check code value. As discussed above, although only the user interface database 1 16 ' is reworked in the above description, when the reorganization operation occurs, both the user interface database 116 and the MTP database 118 can be reformed (or only Reorganize the Μτρ database 118). For reforming the MTP database 118 along with (or instead of) the user interface database 116 130867.doc • 23· 200900934
而言存在若干優點。在轉至彼等優點之前，應注意，重整 MTP資料庫118可藉由在播放器1〇〇電源關閉的同時偵測記 憶卡插入（例如，藉由使用記憶卡插入偵測電路丨7〇)、藉由 判疋儲存於抽取式記憶體裝置上之數位媒體内容自從資料 庫經最後更新以來改變、藉由偵測USB資料傳送或藉由任 一其他適當技術來觸發。因此，上文所描述之與記憶卡插 入偵測電路1 70之使用及數位媒體内容是否改變之判定（例 如，使用總和檢查碼值，等等）有關的實施例可（但不必）組 合重整MTP資料庫11 8之以下實施例被使用。 在一些數位媒體播放器中，Μτρ資料庫僅藉由主機裝置 (而非藉由數位媒體播放器）來改變，且此改變發生在主機 修改（例如，添加、刪除，等等）播放器之内部記憶體或抽 取式記憶卡上的數位媒體内容時（儘管當藉由播放器自身 進行記錄時一些播放器可能能夠改變MTp資料庫）。對於There are several advantages to this. Before moving to their advantages, it should be noted that the reforming MTP database 118 can detect the insertion of the memory card while the power of the player 1 is turned off (for example, by using a memory card to insert the detection circuit 丨7〇) By judging that the digital media content stored on the removable memory device has changed since the last update of the database, by detecting USB data transfer or by any other suitable technique. Thus, the embodiments described above in connection with the use of the memory card insertion detection circuit 170 and the determination of whether the digital media content has changed (e.g., using a sum check code value, etc.) may, but need not, be combined. The following embodiments of the MTP database 11 8 are used. In some digital media players, the Μτρ database is only changed by the host device (rather than by the digital media player), and this change occurs inside the host modification (eg, add, delete, etc.) player. When the digital media content on the memory or removable memory card is used (although some players may be able to change the MTp database when recording by the player itself). for
此配置而έ存在若干缺點。舉例而言，因為Μτρ資料庫儲 存於播放器上，所以ΜΤΡ資料庫不會與抽取式記憶卡一起 行進。因此，當將抽取式記憶卡自第一播放器中移除且插 入至第二播放器中時，連接至第二播放器之主機將不能夠 ^視（或組織、複製，等等）卡上的Μτρ儲存之數位媒體内 容，因為主機檢視卡上之内容所需要的Μτρ資料庫儲存於 第-播放器中。用以處理此問題之一方式為將Μτρ資：庫 之複本儲存於卡上，因此，ΜΤΡ資料庫可利用卡來攜帶。 然而，若在將ΜΤΡ資料庫寫入至卡期間卡被抽出，I Β < 只J此方 古易受ΜΤΡ資料庫訛誤（corruption)的影響。 θ 两Γ見服此等 130867.doc -24· 200900934 缺點’在此實施例中，當將新卡插入於播放器丨〇〇令時及/ 或當將卡中之數位媒體内容修改（例如，添加、刪除，等 荨）時’數位媒體播放器i 〇〇更新MTP資料庫〗1 8。（如上文 所述，數位媒體播放器1〇〇較佳（但未必）亦更新使用者介面 資料庫116。）在MTP資料庫118被更新的情況下，連接至 播放器100之主機裝置將能夠讀取由不同主機裝置儲存於 卡上之數位媒體内容。 在上述實例中，利用由另一主機裝置以MTP模式而儲存 之數位媒體内容的中繼資料來更新MTP資料庫11 8。應注 思，亦可利用非MTP儲存之數位媒體内容（亦即，使用 M S C模式而儲存之數位媒體内容）的中繼資料來更新μ τ p 資料庫11 8 °以此方式’將利用卡上之所有數位媒體内容 (㈣料之内容及MSC儲存之内容)的中繼資料來更新 ΜΤΡ育料庫118。此避免與一些數位媒體播放器所遭遇的 互操作性問題。當數位媒體内容藉由Msc卡讀取器而載入 至抽取式記憶卡上時或當將播放器i 〇〇用作非Μτρ主機裝 置（例如，APple Mac、以叫父系統、未以Μτρ模式操作之 ΜΤΡ裝置，等等）上之MSC卡讀取器時，此内容之中繼資 料未儲存於MTP資料庫118中。因為Μτρ主機裝置僅可看 見中繼資料儲存於MTP資料庫118中之内容，所以卡中的 MSC儲存之内容對ΜΜτρ主機為不可見的。此使得使用混 合式系統來管理數位媒體内容變得困難或不可能。藉由利 用來自MTP儲存之内容與MSC儲存之内容兩者的中繼資料 來更新MTP資料庫118，Μτρ主機將能夠檢視卡上之所有 130S67.doc -25- 200900934 内谷，而不管内容是否使用MTP來儲存。 …如上文所描述’可以任一適當方式來重整資料庫。若資 料庫允5f以不同於與播放器⑽之内部記憶體上之數位 媒體内容相關的項目方式標記與卡上之數位媒體内容相關 的項目，則當自播放器刚中移除卡時，播放器⑽可刪除 (或清空(flush)’’)外部項目(因為彼内容將不再可用於播 口）右彼卡稍後重新插入至播放器1〇〇中則播放器1〇〇 J自卡上之内容讀取，繼資料且重整資料庫。然而，一問 題可隨輔助資訊（諸如，專輯曲目及播放清單資訊卜起出 現。此辅助資訊通常由主機裝置儲存於播放器1〇〇之内部 3體m中（不儲存於抽取式卡中），且指向資訊之位置的 =儲存於資料庫中。冑資料庫中之外部項目被清空時， 指標及所儲存輔助資訊亦同樣被清空。因此’當將卡重新 ，入至播放盗100中時，輔助資訊將不為可用的。類似問 題發生在將卡插人至不具有輔助資訊之第二播放器中時， :非發生在將卡重新插入至播放器100中時(因為輔助資訊 取初儲存於播放器1〇〇中，而非儲存於第二播放器中）。為 ^解決此問題，在此實施例中’將辅助資料之複製複本儲 子於°己^卡中’藉此使得可利用卡來攜帶輔助資料。以此 ，—田將卡插入至第二播放器中時，第二播放器將向其 M'P貢料庫添加自卡中所讀取之中繼資料與輔助資料兩 者因為僅將辅助資料之複本（而非ΜΤΡ資料庫之複製複 本）儲存於卡中，所以避免上文所述之資料庫轨誤的可能 130867.doc -26- 200900934 如上文所描述，本文中所描述之實施例中的每—者可經 單獨地或組合地使用。圖5呈現說明可如何共同使用心 實施例中之每一者之實施例的流程圖500。現轉至圖5，當 播放器1GG電源開啟時或當卸下將播放器⑽附接至主機裝 置之USB電、纜時（動作5〇5)，微處理器⑽執行卡處理常式 (card handler routine)。首先，進行是否存在外部記憶卡L 判定（動作51G)。若不存在㈣記憶卡，时處理常式之操 作完成（動作515)。然而，若存在外部記憶卡，則進行關於 自從最後資料庫更新以來是否插人卡之判定（動作52〇)。可 ⑴如）使用上文所描述之記憶卡插入债測電路】來進行此 判定（儘管可使用其他㈣技術）。若自從最後資料庫更新 、、/未插人卡貝I丨進行關於USB資料是否被傳送之判定 (動作525)。若在播放器⑽連接至主機裝置的同時刪資 料被傳送，則有可能的是，外部卡中之内容改變，且因 此’倉料庫可能過時。若無任何刪資料被傳$，則卡處 理常式之操作完成（動作515)。否則，若對判定520或525之 回答為是’則清空MTP資料庫118中之外部卡項目（動作 53〇)’且刪除來自内部儲存之MTP資料庫資料夾（folder)的 外部播放清單及專輯曲目㈣（動作奶）。儘管在此實例中 將播放π早與專輯曲目兩者皆用作輔助資訊，但應注意， 可僅使用播放清單資訊或可僅使用專輯曲目。X ,可使用 其他形式之辅助資訊。 接下來，將ΜΤΡ資料庫118中之内部項目傳送至使用者 介面資料庫U6(動作545)。接著針對職傳送之内容而掃 130867.doc -27- 200900934 描内部料na記M)11G且料添加至使用者介面資料 庫叫且，視情況，添加至MTP資料庫丨⑽動作wo)。接 者，掃描外部記憶卡（儲存器），且將項目添加至使用者介 面資料庫U6及MTP資料庫118⑽作555)。最後將外部卡 =所發現之任何播放清單或專輯曲目檔案複製至内部Μτρ 資料庫資料夾（動作560)。 當播放器100電源開啟或自至主機裝置之刪連接被卸 Π執行上述過程。若實情為’在播放器⑽電源開啟的 二日可將記憶卡插入至播放器！⑽中（動作57〇)，則進行關於 卡令之内容是否與最後資料庫更新時之内容相同的判定 (動作575)。可（例如）使用上文所描述之技術中的任一者來 定。若卡内容相同’則卡處理常式之操作完成 (動作515)。否則，執行動作53〇_56()。 以執行特定功能 ，此等不為限制 述之動作可以任 以下申請專利範圍中之一些可陳述操作 或經組態以用於特定任務之組件。應注魚 性限制。亦應注意，申請專利範圍中所闡 何人序（未必以其被闡述之次序）來執行。 :述詳細描述意欲被理解為本發明可採取之選定形式的 :二不？被理解為本發明之界定。僅以下申請專利 辜已圍（包括所有均等物）意欲界定本發明之範嘴。最後，應 :意：本文中所描述之較佳實施例中之任—者的任—離： 可經早獨地使用或經彼此組合地使用。 ’ 【圖式簡單說明】 圖1為一實施例之數位媒體播放器的說明 130867,d〇c •28- 200900934 圖2為一實施例之記憶卡插入偵測電路的說明。 圖3為說明一實施例之記憶卡插入偵測電路之操作的、、辛 程圖。 圖4為說明用於避免重整與數位媒體内容相關之中繼資 料資料庫之另一實施例之方法的流程圖。 圖5為說明用於使用抽取式記憶體裝置來改良數位媒# 播放器之經驗之一實施例之方法的流程圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 100 110 112 114 116 118 120 130 140 150 160 170 175 200 R1 R2 R3 130867.doc 數位媒體播放器 記憶體 韌體There are several disadvantages to this configuration. For example, because the Μτρ database is stored on the player, the database does not travel with the removable memory card. Therefore, when the removable memory card is removed from the first player and inserted into the second player, the host connected to the second player will not be able to view (or organize, copy, etc.) the card. The Μτρ stores the digital media content, because the Μτρ database required for the content on the host view card is stored in the first player. One way to deal with this problem is to store a copy of the Μτρ: library on the card, so the database can be carried by the card. However, if the card is extracted during the writing of the database to the card, I Β < only J is affected by the database corruption. θ Γ Γ 此 130 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 Add, delete, etc.) 'Digital Media Player i 〇〇 Update MTP Library〗 1 8. (As described above, the digital media player preferably (but not necessarily) also updates the user interface database 116.) In the event that the MTP database 118 is updated, the host device connected to the player 100 will be able to Reading digital media content stored on the card by different host devices. In the above example, the MTP repository 11 is updated with the relay material of the digital media content stored by the other host device in the MTP mode. It should be noted that the relay data of non-MTP stored digital media content (that is, digital media content stored using MSC mode) can also be used to update the μ τ p database 11 8 ° in this way 'will be used on the card The relay material of all digital media content (the contents of (4) and the contents stored by the MSC) is updated to the nursery library 118. This avoids interoperability issues with some digital media players. When the digital media content is loaded onto the removable memory card by the Msc card reader or when the player i is used as a non-Μρρ host device (for example, APple Mac, called parent system, not in Μτρ mode) When the MSC card reader is operated on the device, etc., the relay data of this content is not stored in the MTP database 118. Since the Μτρ host device can only see the contents of the relay data stored in the MTP database 118, the contents stored by the MSC in the card are invisible to the ΜΜτρ host. This makes it difficult or impossible to manage digital media content using a hybrid system. By updating the MTP database 118 with relay data from both the MTP stored content and the MSC stored content, the Μτρ host will be able to view all 130S67.doc -25- 200900934 valleys on the card, regardless of whether the content is used or not. MTP to store. ...can be reorganized in any suitable manner as described above. If the database allows 5f to mark items related to the digital media content on the card in an item manner different from the digital media content on the internal memory of the player (10), then when the card is removed from the player, the player plays (10) can delete (or flush '') external items (because the content will no longer be available for the broadcast port). The right card is later reinserted into the player 1 and the player is 1 card. The content is read, followed by the data and the database is reorganized. However, a problem may occur with auxiliary information such as album tracks and playlist information. This auxiliary information is usually stored by the host device in the internal 3 body of the player (not stored in the removable card). = and the location of the information is stored in the database. When the external item in the database is cleared, the indicator and the stored auxiliary information are also cleared. Therefore, 'when the card is re-entered, the player is locked into the 100. Auxiliary information will not be available. A similar problem occurs when a card is inserted into a second player that does not have auxiliary information: does not occur when the card is reinserted into the player 100 (because the auxiliary information is initially available) Stored in the player 1 , instead of being stored in the second player. In order to solve this problem, in this embodiment, 'copying the auxiliary data to the memory card' The card can be used to carry auxiliary materials. In this way, when the field card is inserted into the second player, the second player will add the relay data and auxiliary read from the card to its M'P tributary library. The data is only because A copy of the aid material (rather than a copy of the database) is stored on the card, so avoid the possibility of a database track error as described above. 130867.doc -26- 200900934 As described above, the implementation described herein Each of the examples can be used individually or in combination. Figure 5 presents a flow diagram 500 illustrating an embodiment of how each of the embodiments can be used together. Turning now to Figure 5, when the player 1GG power When turned on or when removing the USB cable and cable that attaches the player (10) to the host device (ACT 5〇5), the microprocessor (10) executes a card handler routine. First, whether or not there is external memory. The card L is judged (action 51G). If the (four) memory card does not exist, the operation of the time processing routine is completed (act 515). However, if there is an external memory card, a determination is made as to whether or not the card has been inserted since the last database update. (Action 52〇). This determination can be made (1) by using the memory card described above to insert the debt measurement circuit (although other (4) techniques can be used). If it is updated from the last database, / or the card is not inserted, a determination is made as to whether or not the USB data is transmitted (ACT 525). If the deleted material is transmitted while the player (10) is connected to the host device, it is possible that the contents of the external card are changed, and thus the magazine may be out of date. If no deleted data is transmitted, the card processing routine is completed (act 515). Otherwise, if the answer to decision 520 or 525 is ', then the external card item in MTP database 118 is cleared (action 53)' and the external playlist and album from the internally stored MTP database folder are deleted. Track (4) (Action Milk). Although both the play π early and the album track are used as auxiliary information in this example, it should be noted that only the playlist information may be used or only the album track may be used. X, other forms of auxiliary information can be used. Next, the internal items in the database 118 are transferred to the user interface database U6 (act 545). Then scan for the contents of the job transfer. 130867.doc -27- 200900934 The internal material na is recorded as M) 11G and added to the user interface database and, if necessary, added to the MTP database (10) action. The receiver scans the external memory card (storage) and adds the item to the user interface database U6 and the MTP database 118 (10) as 555). Finally, the external card = any playlist or album track file found is copied to the internal ρτρ database folder (act 560). The above process is performed when the player 100 is powered on or disconnected from the host device. If the fact is 'on the second day of the player (10) power on, you can insert the memory card into the player! (10) (Operation 57), a determination is made as to whether the content of the card is the same as the content of the last database update (ACT 575). It can be determined, for example, using any of the techniques described above. If the contents of the card are the same, the operation of the card processing routine is completed (ACT 515). Otherwise, action 53〇_56() is performed. To perform a particular function, such acts are not limited. Some of the scope of the following claims may be stated as operating or configured for a particular task. Fish restrictions should be noted. It should also be noted that the order of persons illustrated in the scope of the patent application (not necessarily in the order in which they are stated) is to be performed. The detailed description is intended to be understood as the selected form of the invention: It is to be understood as a definition of the invention. Only the following patent applications have been included (including all equivalents) to define the scope of the invention. Finally, it should be understood that any of the preferred embodiments described herein may be used independently or in combination with each other. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is an illustration of a digital media player in an embodiment. 130867, d〇c • 28- 200900934 FIG. 2 is an illustration of a memory card insertion detecting circuit of an embodiment. Figure 3 is a block diagram showing the operation of the memory card insertion detecting circuit of an embodiment. 4 is a flow chart illustrating a method for avoiding another embodiment of a relay metadata repository associated with digital media content. 5 is a flow chart illustrating a method for an embodiment of the experience of using a removable memory device to improve a digital media player. [Main component symbol description] 100 110 112 114 116 118 120 130 140 150 160 170 175 200 R1 R2 R3 130867.doc Digital media player Memory Firmware
數位媒體内容 使用者介面資料庫 媒體傳送協定（MTP)資料庫 卡槽/槽/記憶卡槽 微處理器 RAM 使用者介面裝置 通用串列匯流排（USB)介面 s己憶卡插入偵測電路/正反器 D正反器 抽取式記憶卡 電阻器 電阻器 電阻器 -29-Digital Media Content User Interface Library Media Transfer Protocol (MTP) Library Card Slot / Slot / Memory Card Slot Microprocessor RAM User Interface Device Universal Serial Bus (USB) Interface s Recall Card Insertion Detection Circuit / Forward and reverse device D forward and reverse device removable memory card resistor resistor resistor -29-