200900170 九、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係關於使用磷酸二躬二水合物粉末穩定舌▲ 疋董金屬 及氣味控制之方法。 【先前技術】 發明背景 最近30年來，含重金屬材料及廢料暴露於人類及環境 中及有害氣味的產生及來自固體廢料處理設施之潛在及已 觀察到之危害一直是廣泛性管理控制的基礎。重金屬浸出 及轉移至地表水體及地下水中受到極大關注，因為此^造 成飲用水供給及環境受到污染之危害。含重金屬材料及= 料，諸如產物或廢料、油漆殘餘物、淤泥、電鍍廢料、沈 積物、鑄造廠粉塵、鑄砂、鋼廠粉塵、粉碎器殘餘物、導 線絕緣物、垃圾焚化爐飛灰、焚化爐底漬、焚化爐混合灰 =、來自空氣污染控制裝置如旋風除塵器、靜電濾塵器及 衣式集塵器濾袋之除塵器殘餘物，若含有管制限值以上之 某』可'谷性重金屬，則將被美國環保局（U.S. EPA )依照 40 C’F’R· Part 261視為危險性者。任何固體廢料，只要因 為其被列舉於40 C.F.R, part 261 Subpart D中，或因 /、展見或夕種如Part 261 Subpart C中所定義之危險性 /特彳政均可被定義為危險性的。此等特徵為（1 )可 屬性’（2 )腐姓性’（3 )反應性，以及（4 )毒性，毒 系根據毋性特徵性浸出程序（TcLp )所測試。當含重金 5 200900170 屬材料及廢料非處於襯層填埋場中且暴露於直接地下水、 飲用水、雨水及地表水體時，該等廢料及材料亦可根據州 及聯邦地下水及地表水保護標準來管制，該標準對於重金 屬規定的總限值及浸出限值通常低於TCLP標準。在處理 或％定此等廢料及材料期間所產生之氣味，諸如來自垃圾 焚化爐灰渣及處理灰渣之操作之氣味，可能給該等設施之 操作者帶來問題，因為許多廢料產生及穩定操作係鄰近於 工業、商業及/或住宅區。氣味散發大多根據當地公害法令 規則來管w ’而-些地區則根據聯邦及旧州空氣品質規定 來管制。 4〇 C_F.R.，part 261.24(a)含有污染物及其相關最大允 4濃度之清單。無機物清單包括As、Ag、Ba、Cd、Cr、Pb、 Hg及Se。若在使用如4〇 c F R part 26i附錄2所說明之 TCLP分析進行測試時污染物超過其最大允許濃度，則將 此材料分類為危險性材料。TCLp測試使用於去離子水中 之稀乙fee ( TCLP流體2 )或於含氫氧化鈉緩衝液之去離子 水中之稀乙酸（TCLP流體n。兩種萃取物皆試圖模擬來 自刀解垃圾填埋場之浸出液特徵，其中假定受測試之危險 性廢料係在乙酸浸出條件下處置且因此經受乙酸浸出條 件目月ίι對於含有可浸出重金屬之廢料而言，若所界定金 屬之TCLP分析含量在0.2至1〇〇毫克/公升（mg/L)或百 萬分率（ppm)以上，則該廢料係因毒性特徵而被分類為 危險性廢料。TCLP測試係設計為模擬最劣的浸出情況， 亦即通$會存在於主動降解城市填埋場内部之浸出液。該 6 200900170 等填埋場中通常呈微酸性，pH值為大約5 + 〇 5。美國以外 的國豕亦使用T C L P測§式作為浸出性之量測方法，諸如臺 灣、菲律賓、泰國及加拿大。泰國亦限制Cu及Zn之溶解 度’因為此等金屬關係到泰國的地下水。瑞士及大多數歐 洲國家亦藉由使用模擬酸雨水之碳酸水的連續浸出方法進 行測試來量測重金屬及鹽，藉此管制固體廢料之處理。曰 本及英國使用類似的碳酸去離子水浸出測試來量測重金屬 之填埋場浸出潛勢。 另外，美國EPA陸地處置限制法規禁止在陸地處置經 執行TCLP分析時浸出超過最大允許濃度之經處理危險性 廢料。陸地處置規定要求，在置於地面蓄水區、廢料堆、 填埋場或如4〇 C_F.R· 260.10.中所定義之其他陸地處理單 元中之前，將危險性廢料處理至重金屬不會自在最大允許 濃度以上程度之固體廢料以通用處理標準（UTs )含量浸 出。 社會團體擁有管制可能成為公害之氣味之產生的當地 法令’且在-些狀況中f制者已制定最大允許氣味指數程 度。亦已根據美國清潔空氣法案及修正案且已由〇sha及 NIOSH制定出最大每小時平均及每日平均化學氣體及顆粒 含量。使用不同含量之活性碳與目標廢料或材料混合且利 用、、且〃有人類嗅覺之人員進行氣味指數測試為一種比較 氣味之方法。詢問該組人員以確認或否認氣味感覺，其與 目標廢料中所用之活性碳量相關而產生氣味指&。指數越 低，可能遇到的氣味就越強。可能因帶有氣味之氣體之散 7 200900170 發及轉移或擴散而存在某此^ 控制及減少該等有味上健康及環境釋放風險，且因此 的範圍。舉例而十，:之需要可能超出單純的損害議題 且可在人類暴露於較：致死:蛋曰氣味之叫氣體高度有毒 亡。 - 3置下持續極短時間後造成死 浸出測試使固靜疏來、L〆^ 料或土壤）經斤蘇"、匕括游泥、灰渣、殘餘物、材 (STL : 止乙酉夂'文出（TCLP) '緩衝檸檬酸浸出 l STLC ) '蒸餾水、人忐％ ^ / 、子山,| 。成雨水（SPLP、MEP)或碳酸水 次出（曰本、美國、盐 鸨士及USEPA SW-924 )。亦常使用 合成雨水浸出測試來量測重今 』董盃屬溶解度，且將其與地下水 及地表水之州及聯邦碑進隹 伽邦‘丰進仃比較，其中材料及廢料可就 地再使用或以襯層填埋場以外之方式處置。 合適之乙酸浸出測試包括USEpA sw_846手冊所描述 之毒性特徵性浸出程序（TCLp)及現在加拿大所採用之萃 取程序毒性測試（EPTox)。簡言之，在TcLp測試中， 將100公克廢料與2_ ml稀的緩衝乙酸一起翻轉18小 時。萃取溶液係由5.7ml冰乙酸及64 3 ml ι 〇Ν氫氧化鈉 配製’用試劑水補足為1 000 ml稀釋液。 合適之合成酸浸出測試包括現在美國針對在浸出液收 集及襯層填埋場以外再使用廢料之地點所用的USEPA S 846手冊所描述之合成沈澱劑浸出程序（)及多重萃 取程序測試（MEP)。簡言之，在SPLp測試中，:1〇卒〇 公克廢料與2000 ml稀硝酸及硫酸一起翻轉1 8小時。將萃 取溶液補足至pH值接近4.8以模擬密西西比州東西部之酸 200900170 雨水。MEP為多重萃取程序，其在第一次萃取物使用tclp 型測試，隨後進行9輪SPLP，所有測試報導浸出液值，且 因此試圖量測廢料基質之擴散潛勢。 合適之碳酸水浸出測試包括日本浸出測試，其在保持 在PH5.8至6_3的情況下將50公克複合廢料樣品於5〇〇ml 水中翻轉6小時，隨後離心並經0.45微米過濾之後進行分 析。另一合適之C〇2飽和蒸餾水方法為在兩（2 )個連續 之2000 ml水浴中使用1〇〇公克i立方公分之膠結廢料的 瑞士方案。量測各水浴之重金屬及鹽之濃度且取平均值， 隨後與瑞士標準比較。 合適之檸檬酸浸出測試包括加州健康安全法規之第22 章第66700節“環境健康，’中所述之加州廢料萃取測試 (WET)。簡言之，在WET測試中，將5〇公克廢料與5〇〇 公克檸檬酸鈉溶液在1000 ml滾筒中一起翻轉48小時之一 段時間。接著在經45微米之玻璃珠過渡器過濾、1〇〇…來 自滾筒之等分試樣之後，藉由感應耦合電漿法（lcp)分 析重金屬濃度。 合適之氣味量度測試將包括經活性碳改質之樣品，其 具有由人員組所得氣味之比較嗅覺量度。 本發明特別關注及注意的是，在TCLP、SPLp、MEp、 CALWET、酸雨水及酸雨源地表水條件下及在試圖模擬稀 文X /又出以測疋焚化爐灰渣殘餘物之危險性之管制測試 下包括As、Hg、Cd、Cr、Cu及Pb之個別重金屬基團 及.、組口之次出。另外，需要降低由處理及穩定灰渣所產 200900170 生之氣味，因為焚化爐灰渣之 — 相鄰工聿、芮酱κ 及％、疋通常係緊密靠近 處理及#定u ^ Λ 特疋狀況中，焚化爐灰渣 且因此研菸太；^ ηη 勹g制者的申訴， 本=發明用以降低氣味且允許進行穩定化。 s月提供一種降低在TCLp 酸雨水_ SPLP' MEP' CAL WET ' 西夂雨水及酸雨源地表水 Γΐί U w r 汁卜包括 As、Hg、Cd、Cr、 ^及Pb基團及其組合之 定# t 4 丁寸及潑料之次出性及減少該穩 =:產生之可感覺氣味的方法，該方法使用稀酸半 '曰種心水合物（DCPDH)[⑽ρ〇4·2Η2晴末狀 曰曰，此物質將經處理材料或廢料之重量增加降至最 許立即進行經穩定基質之處理及操作，而無需施用 7犯合’無固化要求及相關的臨時儲存堆所需之重複處 里且同％產生適合於挖掘機或裝載機裝載、卡車卸載及 陸地處置或立即再使用鋪展及壓實之自由流動且更具渗透 性之經穩定材料或廢料。本發明破認稀酸作為浸出流體之 用途，其中將向該等稀酸中添加DCPDH，且因此教示一種 稀酸半溶性穩定劑之用途。 與本發明不同，先前技術已教示藉由添加水溶性或以 水為主之物理封裝劑來穩定重金屬，且尚未能認知到不溶 於水或具有有限水溶性，而在稀乙酸（TCLP)、稀硫酸及 硝酸（SPLP/MEP )及稀檸檬酸（CALWET )中為半溶性或 可用性之穩定劑之價值，且未能提供具有降低氣味產生之 穩定方法。特定言之，O'Hara ( 4,737,356 )及 F〇rrester (5,245，114及5,430,233 )教示需要向焚化爐灰渣、廢機 10 200900170 動車輛粉碎物及導線絕緣物廢料及焚化爐底渣中添加水溶 性磷酸鹽’其水溶性為至少5gm/1〇〇m卜在較佳具體實例 中^ 1嶋水溶性碟酸，且其增加来自焚化爐灰潰之氣味。 先前技術中使用波特蘭水泥、石灰、水泥f灰、碟酸及电 合之穩定方法，亦因為了代表穩定後處理及處置困難之化 學反應向穩定配方中添加水（組合或作為水溶性試劑之部 分添加），而產生滲透性降低之基質或固體材料形式，然 而’本發明使用粉末狀DCPDH纟降低金屬溶解度而不合 顯著降低廢料渗透性，不會形成水泥樣非自由流動之材: 或廢料’無需固化時間，不會發生水合作用及相關的材料 及廢料重量增加，無需固化貯料堆所需之重複材料及土壤 處理，從而允許直接進行經穩定材料或廢料之處理、裝载、 處置或再使用。粉末狀DCPDH半溶性晶種穩定方法以基 =理操作’材料或廢料與DCPDH《間的充分濕潤稀酸 % 土兄接觸及混合將在TCLP、SPLP、MEP或CALWET萃取 谷器中叙生。儘管目前尚不瞭解氣味降低之確切原因，但 假疋氣味降低係由於充當由灰渣所產生之有機物及硫化物 之吸附劑的DCPDH之精細粉末及中性性質所致。用於預 測浸出潛勢之萃取方法均假定現場材料或廢料處置條件因 酸雨水或酸浸出液而經歷水合作用，且涉及一定程度的重 金屬與萃取流體在飽和環境中歷經一段最短時間的間歇混 口’且該水合作用可藉由萃取溶質添加及混合時期來模 擬。DCPDH晶種穩定方法因此利用管制萃取程序來允許穩 定後材料或廢料水合作用、重金屬與DCPDH之間的混合 11 200900170 及濕潤化學稀酸環境接觸。萃取測試因此充當稀酸授掉槽 反應器’ I向材料及廢料表面上之重金屬以及擴散至酸溶 液中者提供機會，以有充足的機會與dcpdh日日日種接觸， DCPDH晶種亦具有與稀酸可溶性及/或可用性重金屬形成 表面活性及/或可溶性賴之潛勢。本發明者研究發現較低 表面積非粉末形式《DCPDH在降低重金屬溶解度方面不 太有效lit i f DCPDH之暴露表面積之表面積及半溶性 對礦物形成潛勢發揮重要作用。乾燥晶種技術之一獨特益 處為可在現場將SPLP、MEP、TCLM CALWEt萃取流體 酸可溶性及粉末狀DCPDH &用於廢料或材料並乾燥混合 均勻，且因此使該等穩定劑之測試樣品在萃取溶液中在重 金屬存在下自由翻轉或混合一段既定萃取時間。此非膠結 且未反應之酸半溶性DCPDH粉末表面混合極大地改良= 如Pb、Cd、Cr、Νι及As之重金屬進入磷酸鈣磷灰石表面 之濕潤環境取代。萃取裝置有效地使重金屬進入溶液中以 及使4为DCPDH進入溶液中並且使剰餘DCPDH表面得 以潤濕接觸，且因此提供目前溶液可溶性及溶液表面反應 性重金屬優良的表面取代、吸附及沈澱之機會。在此化學 機制下，一部分或所有穩定劑因酸溶液而在溶液中可用， 且重金屬離子在溶液中可用，其繼而取代及交換不溶性磷 灰石表面上之鈣並與穩定劑一起在酸溶液中沈澱。 美國專利第5,202,033號描述一種使用固體廢料添加 劑與來自磷酸鹽、碳酸鹽及硫酸鹽來源之額外pH控制劑 之Μ合來減少固體廢料之Pb TCLP浸出的原位方法。 12 200900170 美國專利第5,037,479號揭示一種處理含有不可接受 含量之TCLP Pb (諸如鉛）之高度危險性廢料的方法，其 係藉由將固體廢料與選自由氧化鎂、氳氧化鎂、反應性碳 酸鈣及反應性碳酸鎂組成之群之緩衝劑及額外試劑混合， 其中該額外試劑為選自由三過磷酸鈣（Tsp )、磷酸銨、 磷酸二銨、磷酸、硼酸及金屬鐵組成之群的含有陰離子之 酸或鹽。 美國專利第4,889,640號揭示一種處理TCLp危險性鉛 之方法及混合物，其係藉由將固體廢料與選自由反應性碳 酸鈣、反應性碳酸鎂及反應性碳酸鎂鈣組成之群之試劑混 合。 吳國專利第4,652,381號揭示一種處理受電池廠廢料 如石瓜S义及重金屬污染之工業廢水之方法，其係藉由用碳酸 妈 ” L fee約氫氧化每處理該廢水以完成重金屬分離。然 而，此方法不適用於固體廢料情形。 然而，與本發明不同，先前技術解決方案無一教示用 特疋的稀酸半溶性乾燥粉末狀DCPDH晶種穩定含有一或 屬之3重金屬材料或廢料’同時亦形成適合於裝 載運輸處置及再使用之自由流動、更具滲透性之經穩 定所 ，而 嫌土貝’不會產生水泥樣降低之滲透性及強度，且不會 ▼來口化及相關的重複廢料處理的負#，且不降低氣味的 方法。特定t^ Q 先則技術未能教示酸半溶性及粉末狀 DCPDH晶種估渡击αη» _ 件重金屬有目的地浸入管制萃取容器中且隨 後該等金屬取_ # = _ 取代至DCPDH表面上並與特定酸半溶量之 13 200900170 ι在酸4液中沈澱及形成錯合物的機制。 【發明内容】 發明摘述 …本發明揭示-種含重金屬材料或廢料之穩定方法，其 系由使材料或廢料與酸半溶性粉末狀晶種接觸， 該晶種補充材料或廢料之浸出潛勢及所需自由流動及更具 滲透性之材料或廢料之處理特徵而無需水合作用、固化及 相關的額外廢料或材料臨時儲存、處理、運輸、處置成本， 减㈣料氣味降低。本發明特別關注粉末狀dcpdh在 e 萃取k序期間藉由表面取代或藉由與酸半溶性 一起沈殿來提供重金屬穩定㈣。DCPDH係以乾燥粉末狀 化學形您提供，且因此可與含重金屬材料在廢料產生之 刚，諸如在液流中在產生淤泥之廢水設施中或在管道中在 空氣污染控制及灰渣收集裝置之前接觸，或在廢料產生之 後在材料收集裝置中或廢料堆中接觸。 預期粉末狀DCPDH可用於RCRA遵守行動，使得自 廢水設施、熔爐、焚化爐及其他設施產生之廢料或材料不 超過根據TCLP之TCLP危險性廢料標準，或用於cERcl A (Superfund )反應，其中將穩定劑添加至先前產生之廢料 堆中或儲存容器中。施用粉末狀DCpDH之較佳方法為在 產生含重金屬材料之場所及設施内管線内使用，且因此粑 據RCRA被接觉為完全封閉的槽内或豁免tclp穩定方、、去 而無需RCRA Part B危險性廢料處理及儲存設施許可。 14 200900170 【實施方式】 詳細說明 王世界的環境法規，諸如由USEPA根據CAA、RCRA 及CERCLA頒布之法規，要求含重金屬廢料及材料製造者 以對環境安全且保護人類健康之方式處理該等材料及廢 料，並降低有害及毒性氣味之散發。回應於此等法規，環 境工程師及科學家已研發多種方法來控制重金屬及氣味散 發，其大多係經由施用化學品將材料及廢料之溶解度特徵 轉變為低溶形式，從而通過浸出測試且使廢料可就地再使 用或在當地填埋場處置，而無需另外及較為昂貴的控制措 施:諸如設計為提供金屬穩定及藉由空氣稀釋、添加氣味 遮蔽劑或氣體破壞來提供氣味及散發降低之危險性廢料處 置填埋場或設施。科學家以往主要集中於諸如錯、鑛、鉻、 申及水之單一重金屬’因為此等重金屬曾經且仍然是土壤 中金屬污染之最重要物質。諸如含錯油漆、焚化爐灰潰、、 鑄造廠及工廠飛灰、廢機動車輛粉碎物及導線粉碎殘餘物 之材料及清理地點廢料，諸如電池酸液及來自熔爐之礦逢 廢料，為主要的錯來源。然而，近來需要一種控制礦業廢 料、廢水游泥、粉碎器廢料、導線絕緣物、焚化爐飛灰、 焚化爐底渣、焚化爐混合灰，、杳、鐘狐 ’一 鑄仏廠粉塵、鋼廠粉塵及 受污染土射諸如As、Hg、Cd、Cr、pb、Cu及其組合之 各種重金屬之氣味散發及浸出的控制方法，以符合關於氣 味之公害管似TCLP以及spLp、驗、m及其他意欲 量測現場條件下金屬消化時之浸出及/或溶解度之措施，該 15 200900170 設備影響、低 地或易地再使 之水分含量下 方法係以快速、低操作者風險、低機械處理 成本、避免臨時儲存及固化時間以及允許就 用及在低於或處於對於壓實及處理而言二 處理之方式進行。 σ 土 本發明揭示一種含重全屬好 味降低方丨^ 或廢料之穩定方法及氣 木I旁低方法’其係經由播W极 η, 由使材枓或廢料與粉末狀DCPDH酸 +洛性穩定劑接觸。DCPDH可右4 α _ 有效地以乾燥粉末形式使 严並且較大粒徑顆粒具有較低有效性，1因此可盘含重 在廢料產生之前，諸如在液流中在產生廢㈣泥 :廠中或在管道中在空氣污染控制及灰渣收 接觸，或在廢料產生之後在諸如料斗、放卸闊、運送機、 邱普斯特爾罐（dumpstei·)或廢料堆之收集農置中接觸。 DCPDH係以乾燥形式施用，從而使得經穩定材料及廢料仍 可適合於充填材料或鬆散處理且仍具有較低滲透性，從而 允許浸出液或水流傳輸。當將經穩定廢料或材料用作基底 真料覆蓋物、堤壩或工程填料時，水流傳輪變得重要及 必需’由此消除擋水或浸出液產生棲留水位作用。 酸半溶性粉末狀DCPDH乾燥晶種穩定方法降低在 TCLP、SPLP、MEp、CALWET、DI、雨水以及地表水浸出 條件下以及在如由英國、泰國、日本、瑞士、德國、瑞典、 荷蘭之廢料控制規定所界定之管制水萃取測試條件下及在 關於廢料連續浸出之美國核協會標準下来自廢料之氣味及 包括As、Hg、Cd、Cr、Pb及Cu基團及其組合之含重金 屬廢料之浸出性，其中使用酸半溶性乾燥化學粉末狀 16 200900170 H曰曰種將經處理廢料之重量增加降至最低且允許 ^經敎基質之處理及操作而無固化要求或臨時儲 、重複處理’且產生適合於挖掘機或裝载機裝載、 卩载及陸地處置或立即再使用鋪展及壓實之自由流動 且更具滲透性之經穩定材料或廢料。 本發明提供—種降低在TCLP、SPLP、MEP、CALWET、 =雨水及㈣源地表水浸出條件下廢料氣味及包括A” Γ Pb及Cu基團及其組合之材料或廢料之浸出 2的方去，其使用稀酸半溶性dcpdh粉末狀晶種，此物 :將、：處理材料或廢料之重量增加降至最低且允許立即進 行二t疋基負之處理及操作而無需施用水及混合，無固化 要求及相關的g品時儲存堆所需之重複處理，且同時產生適 合於挖掘冑或裳載機Μ、卡車卸載及㊣地處置或直接再 吏用鋪展及壓貫之自由流動且更具滲透性之經穩定材料或 尾料。本發明確認稀酸作為浸出流體之用途，其中將向該 等稀酸中添加粉末狀DCPDH，且因此教示一種稀酸半溶性 穩定劑之用途。 與本發明不同’先前技術已教示藉由添加水溶性或以 水為主之物理封裝劑來穩定重金屬，且尚未能認知到不溶 於水’而在稀乙酸（TCLp )、稀硫酸及硝酸（SPLp/MEp ) 及稀棒樣酸（CALWET )中可溶且具有表面可用性之粉末 狀 DCPDH 之價值。特定言之，〇，Har< 4,737,356 )及 F〇rrester ( 5,245，U 4及5,430,233 )教示需要向焚化爐灰渣、廢機 動車輛粉碎物及導線絕緣物廢料及焚化爐底渣中添加水溶 17 200900170200900170 IX. INSTRUCTIONS OF THE INVENTION: TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method for stabilizing tongue ▲ 疋 Dong metal and odor control using diphosphoric acid dihydrate powder. [Prior Art] Background of the Invention For the past 30 years, the exposure of heavy metal materials and waste materials to humans and the environment and the generation of harmful odors and potential and observed hazards from solid waste treatment facilities have been the basis of extensive management control. Heavy metal leaching and transfer to surface waters and groundwaters have received great attention because of the pollution caused by the supply of drinking water and the environment. Contains heavy metal materials and materials such as products or scraps, paint residues, sludge, electroplating waste, sediments, foundry dust, foundry sand, steel mill dust, pulverizer residues, wire insulation, waste incinerator fly ash, Incinerator bottom stain, incinerator mixed ash =, dust collector residue from air pollution control devices such as cyclone dust collector, electrostatic dust filter and clothing dust collector filter bag, if there is a certain limit above the control limit Heavy metals will be considered dangerous by the US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) in accordance with 40 C'F'R· Part 261. Any solid waste may be defined as dangerous as long as it is listed in 40 CFR, part 261 Subpart D, or because of the dangers/specialties defined in Part 261 Subpart C of. These characteristics are (1) Attribute '(2) stagnation' (3) reactivity, and (4) toxicity, which is tested according to the sputum characteristic leaching procedure (TcLp). When materials and wastes containing heavy gold 5 200900170 are not in the lining landfill and are exposed to direct groundwater, drinking water, rainwater and surface waters, such wastes and materials may also be based on state and federal groundwater and surface water protection standards. Regulation, the standard limits for the heavy metals and the leaching limits are usually lower than the TCLP standard. Odors generated during the processing or % of such waste materials and materials, such as odours from waste incinerator ash and handling ash, may cause problems for operators of such facilities, as many wastes are generated and stabilized The operating system is adjacent to industrial, commercial and/or residential areas. Most of the odours are regulated according to local pollution laws and regulations, and some areas are regulated according to federal and old state air quality regulations. 4〇 C_F.R., part 261.24(a) contains a list of contaminants and their associated maximum allowable concentrations. The list of inorganic substances includes As, Ag, Ba, Cd, Cr, Pb, Hg, and Se. If the contaminant exceeds its maximum allowable concentration when tested using the TCLP analysis as described in Appendix 2 of 4 〇 c F R part 26i, the material is classified as a hazardous material. The TCLp test uses dilute fefe (TCLP fluid 2) in deionized water or dilute acetic acid in deionized water with sodium hydroxide buffer (TCLP fluid n. Both extracts attempt to simulate landfill from Knife Decomposition Leachate characteristics in which it is assumed that the hazardous waste under test is disposed of under acetic acid leaching conditions and is therefore subjected to acetic acid leaching conditions. For wastes containing leachable heavy metals, if the defined metal has a TCLP analysis content of 0.2 to 1 〇〇mg/L (mg/L) or parts per million (ppm), the waste is classified as hazardous waste due to toxicity characteristics. The TCLP test system is designed to simulate the worst leaching conditions, ie pass $ will be present in the active degradation of the leachate inside the urban landfill. The 6 200900170 and other landfills are usually slightly acidic, with a pH of about 5 + 〇 5. The country outside the United States also uses TCLP as the leaching property. Measurement methods such as Taiwan, the Philippines, Thailand and Canada. Thailand also limits the solubility of Cu and Zn' because these metals are related to groundwater in Thailand. Switzerland and most European countries It also controls the treatment of solid waste by measuring heavy metals and salts by continuous leaching method using simulated acid rainwater carbonated water. Sakamoto and the United Kingdom use similar carbonated deionized water leaching tests to measure the filling of heavy metals. In addition, the US EPA Land Disposal Regulations prohibit the leaching of hazardous wastes exceeding the maximum allowable concentration when performing TCLP analysis on land. The land disposal regulations require that they be placed in surface water storage areas and waste piles. Before the landfill or other land treatment units as defined in 4〇C_F.R· 260.10., the hazardous waste is treated to a level of solid waste that does not exceed the maximum allowable concentration of the heavy metal to the general treatment standard (UTs). Content leaching. Social groups have local laws that regulate the generation of odours that may become nuisances. In some cases, the system has established the maximum allowable odour index. It has also been based on the US Clean Air Act and amendments and has been And NIOSH has developed the maximum hourly average and daily average chemical gas and particle content. The amount of activated carbon is mixed with the target waste or material and used by people who have a human sense of smell to test the odour index as a method of comparing odors. Ask the group to confirm or deny the smell sensation, which is used in the target waste. The amount of activated carbon is related to the amount of activated carbon. The lower the index, the stronger the odor that may be encountered. It may be due to the odor of the gas, and the transfer or diffusion may exist. There is a risk of health and environmental release, and therefore the scope. For example, ten: the need may exceed the simple damage issue and can be exposed to humans: lethal: the smell of egg tart is highly toxic. - 3 After a very short period of time, the test results in a dead leaching test to make the static sluice, L〆^ material or soil) through the jinsu", including mud, ash, residue, and material (STL: 酉夂乙酉夂' (TCLP) 'Buffered citric acid leaching l STLC ) 'Distilled water, human 忐% ^ / , Zishan, | It is rainwater (SPLP, MEP) or carbonated water (Sakamoto, USA, Salt Gentleman and USEPA SW-924). Synthetic rainwater leaching tests are also often used to measure the solubility of the genus Dongba, and compare it with the state of groundwater and surface water and the federal monument into the 隹 邦 bang 'Fengjin ,, where materials and waste can be reused locally. Or dispose of it other than a lining landfill. Suitable acetic acid leaching tests include the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLp) described in the USEPA sw_846 manual and the Extractive Toxicity Test (EPTox) currently used in Canada. Briefly, in the TcLp test, 100 grams of waste was flipped together with 2_ml of dilute buffered acetic acid for 18 hours. The extraction solution was prepared from 5.7 ml of glacial acetic acid and 64 3 ml of sodium hydroxide, and was made up to a dilution of 1 000 ml with reagent water. Suitable synthetic acid leaching tests include the synthetic precipitant leaching procedure () and the multiple extraction procedure test (MEP) described in the USEPA S 846 manual for use in re-use of leaching and landfill sites. In short, in the SPLp test, 1 〇 〇 gram of waste was inverted with 2000 ml of dilute nitric acid and sulfuric acid for 18 hours. The extraction solution was made up to a pH of approximately 4.8 to simulate the acidity of the East and West of Mississippi 200900170 Rainwater. The MEP is a multiple extraction procedure that uses the tclp type test in the first extract followed by 9 rounds of SPLP, all of which report the leachate value and therefore attempt to measure the diffusion potential of the waste matrix. A suitable carbonated water leaching test includes a Japanese leaching test which inverts 50 grams of the composite waste sample in 5 liters of water for 6 hours while maintaining the pH of 5.8 to 6_3, followed by centrifugation and filtration through 0.45 micrometers for analysis. Another suitable C〇2 saturated distilled water process is the Swiss scheme of using 1 gram of i cubic centimeter of cemented waste in two (2) consecutive 2000 ml water baths. The concentrations of heavy metals and salts in each water bath were measured and averaged and subsequently compared to Swiss standards. Suitable citric acid leaching tests include the California Waste Extraction Test (WET) described in Chapter 22, Section 66700 of the California Health and Safety Regulations, “Environmental Health,”. In short, in the WET test, 5 gram of waste is associated with 5 gram grams of sodium citrate solution were flipped together in a 1000 ml roller for a period of 48 hours. Then filtered through a 45 micron glass bead transition, 1 〇〇 aliquot from the roller, by inductive coupling The plasma method (lcp) analyzes the concentration of heavy metals. A suitable odour measurement test will include a sample modified with activated carbon having a comparative olfactory measure of the odor obtained by the group of people. The present invention is of particular interest and concern in TCLP, SPLp , Asse, Hg, Cd, Cr, Cu under the surface water conditions of MEp, CALWET, acid rainwater and acid rain source, and under the control test of attempting to simulate the rarity X / again to test the ash residue of the incinerator And the individual heavy metal groups of Pb and the second out of the group. In addition, it is necessary to reduce the odor generated by the treatment and stabilization of ash, 200900170, because the ash of the incinerator - adjacent work, 芮 κ and疋, usually close to the treatment and #定u ^ Λ special conditions, incinerator ash and therefore smoke too; ^ ηη 勹g system complaints, this = invention to reduce odor and allow stabilization. s month provides a reduction in TCLp acid rain _ SPLP' MEP' CAL WET 'Western rainwater and acid rain source surface water Γΐ U U wr juice including As, Hg, Cd, Cr, ^ and Pb groups and their combinations t 4 □ inch and the second nature of the splash and reduce the stability =: the method of producing a sensible odor, the method uses dilute acid semi-曰 曰 heart hydrate (DCPDH) [(10) ρ 〇 4 · 2 Η 2 晴 曰曰, this substance reduces the weight of the treated material or waste to the earliest possible treatment and operation of the stabilized substrate, without the need to apply the 7 duplicates required for the non-cure requirements and associated temporary storage reactors. The same amount produces a free-flowing and more permeable stabilized material or waste suitable for excavator or loader loading, truck unloading and land disposal or immediate reuse of spreading and compaction. The present invention breaks down dilute acid as leaching fluid Use, which will be in the dilute acid Add DCPDH, and thus teach the use of a dilute acid semi-soluble stabilizer. Unlike the present invention, the prior art has taught to stabilize heavy metals by adding water-soluble or water-based physical encapsulants, and has not yet been known to be insoluble. The value of stabilizers that are semi-soluble or usable in water or with limited water solubility in dilute acetic acid (TCLP), dilute sulfuric acid and nitric acid (SPLP/MEP) and dilute citric acid (CALWET), and fail to provide a reduction Stabilization of odour production. In particular, O'Hara (4, 737, 356) and F〇rrester (5, 245, 114 and 5, 430, 233) teach the need to incinerate ash, waste machine 10 200900170 moving vehicle smash and wire insulation waste and incineration The water-soluble phosphate added to the bottom slag has a water solubility of at least 5 gm/1 〇〇m. In a preferred embodiment, the water-soluble dish acid is added, and it increases the odor from the incinerator. The prior art uses Portland cement, lime, cement f ash, dish acid and electricity to stabilize the method, and also adds water to the stable formulation due to the chemical reaction that is difficult to handle and handle after stabilization (combination or as a water-soluble reagent) Partially added), resulting in a reduced permeability matrix or solid material form, however, 'the present invention uses powdered DCPDH纟 to reduce metal solubility without significantly reducing waste permeability, and does not form cement-like non-free-flowing materials: or waste 'No curing time, no hydration and associated material and waste weight increase, no need to cure the repetitive materials and soil treatment required for the storage pile, allowing direct handling, loading and disposal of stabilized materials or waste materials Or use it again. The powdered DCPDH semi-soluble seed stabilizing method will be described in the TCLP, SPLP, MEP or CALWET extraction troughs by the contact or mixing of the material or waste with the DCPDH. Although the exact cause of the odor reduction is not known at present, the false odor reduction is due to the fine powder and neutral nature of DCPDH which acts as an adsorbent for the organic matter and sulfide produced by the ash. The extraction methods used to predict the leaching potential assume that the on-site materials or waste disposal conditions undergo hydration due to acid rain or acid leaching, and involve a certain degree of intermittent mixing of heavy metals and extraction fluids in a saturated environment for a short period of time. 'And this hydration can be simulated by extracting solute addition and mixing periods. The DCPDH seed stabilization method therefore utilizes a controlled extraction procedure to allow for stabilization of material or waste hydration, mixing of heavy metals with DCPDH 11 200900170 and wet chemical dilute acid environments. The extraction test thus acts as a dilute acid-removing tank reactor, providing opportunities for heavy metals on the surface of materials and waste as well as for diffusion into acid solutions, with sufficient opportunity to contact dcpdh daily, DCPDH seeds also have Dilute acid solubility and/or availability of heavy metals form the potential for surface activity and/or solubility. The present inventors have found that a lower surface area non-powder form "DCPDH is less effective in reducing the solubility of heavy metals. The surface area and semi-solubility of the exposed surface area of lit i f DCPDH play an important role in the formation potential of minerals. One of the unique benefits of dry seeding technology is that SPLP, MEP, TCLM CALWEt extraction fluids are acid soluble and powdered DCPDH & can be used on waste or materials and dried and mixed evenly, and thus the test samples of these stabilizers are The extraction solution is free to be flipped or mixed for a predetermined extraction time in the presence of heavy metals. The surface mixing of this non-cemented and unreacted acid semi-soluble DCPDH powder is greatly improved = the heavy metals such as Pb, Cd, Cr, Ν and As are replaced by the wet environment of the calcium phosphate apatite surface. The extraction device effectively allows heavy metals to enter the solution and allows 4 to be DCPDH into the solution and wet contact of the remaining DCPDH surface, and thus provides excellent surface substitution, adsorption and precipitation opportunities for solution solubility and solution surface reactive heavy metals. . Under this chemical mechanism, some or all of the stabilizers are available in solution due to the acid solution, and heavy metal ions are available in solution, which in turn replaces and exchanges the calcium on the surface of the insoluble apatite and is in the acid solution together with the stabilizer. precipitation. U.S. Patent No. 5,202,033 describes an in situ process for reducing Pb TCLP leaching of solid waste using a combination of a solid waste additive and an additional pH control agent from phosphate, carbonate and sulfate sources. 12 200900170 US Patent No. 5,037,479 discloses a method of treating highly hazardous waste containing unacceptable levels of TCLP Pb (such as lead) by combining solid waste with magnesium oxide, barium magnesium oxide, reactive calcium carbonate. And a buffer of a group consisting of reactive magnesium carbonate and an additional reagent, wherein the additional reagent is an anion selected from the group consisting of trisodium superphosphate (Tsp), ammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, phosphoric acid, boric acid, and metallic iron Acid or salt. U.S. Patent No. 4,889,640 discloses a method and mixture for treating TCLp hazardous lead by mixing solid waste with a reagent selected from the group consisting of reactive calcium carbonate, reactive magnesium carbonate, and reactive calcium magnesium carbonate. U.S. Patent No. 4,652,381 discloses a method of treating industrial wastewater contaminated by battery plant waste such as sorghum and heavy metals by treating the wastewater with a carbonic acid salt to reduce the separation of heavy metals. This method is not applicable to the case of solid waste. However, unlike the present invention, none of the prior art solutions teach the use of characteristic dilute acid semi-soluble dry powdered DCPDH seed crystals to stabilize the inclusion of one or three heavy metal materials or waste materials. At the same time, it also forms a free-flowing, more permeable, stable place suitable for loading, transportation, disposal and reuse. However, it does not produce cement-like permeability and strength, and it will not be related to the mouth and related. Repeated waste treatment of negative #, and does not reduce the odor of the method. Specific t ^ Q first technology failed to teach acid semi-soluble and powdered DCPDH seed crystals to estimate αη» _ pieces of heavy metals purposefully immersed in the control extraction container And then the metal takes _# = _ to the DCPDH surface and precipitates with the specific acid half-dissolved 13 200900170 ι in the acid 4 solution and forms a complex mechanism. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention discloses a method for stabilizing a heavy metal-containing material or waste material by contacting a material or waste material with an acid semi-soluble powdery seed crystal, the leaching potential of the seed material supplement material or waste material and The processing characteristics of free flowing and more permeable materials or wastes are required without the need for hydration, solidification and associated additional waste or materials for temporary storage, handling, transportation, disposal costs, and reduced (four) material odor reduction. Powdered dcpdh provides heavy metal stabilization by surface substitution during e-extraction k-sequence or by semi-solubility with acid. (4) DCPDH is provided in a dry powdered chemical form, and thus can be produced with waste metal-containing materials. Immediately, such as in a liquid stream in a sludge-producing wastewater facility or in a pipeline prior to exposure to an air pollution control and ash collection device, or in a material collection device or in a waste heap after waste generation. Expected powdered DCPDH Can be used in RCRA compliance actions, resulting in waste or materials from wastewater facilities, furnaces, incinerators and other facilities Passing TCLP hazardous waste standards according to TCLP, or for cERcl A (Superfund) reactions, in which stabilizers are added to previously generated waste piles or storage containers. A preferred method of applying powdered DCpDH is in the production of heavy metals. The material is used in the pipeline and in the facility, and therefore the RCRA is considered to be completely enclosed in the tank or exempt from tclp stability, without the need for RCRA Part B hazardous waste treatment and storage facilities. 14 200900170 Ways] Detailed description of Wang World's environmental regulations, such as those issued by USEPA under CAA, RCRA and CERCLA, requiring manufacturers of heavy metal scrap and materials to treat such materials and wastes in a manner that is environmentally safe and protects human health and reduces Discharge of harmful and toxic odors. In response to these regulations, environmental engineers and scientists have developed a variety of methods to control heavy metals and odor emissions, mostly by applying chemicals to convert the solubility characteristics of materials and waste into a low-soluble form, thereby passing the leaching test and making the waste available. Reuse or disposal at a local landfill without additional and more expensive controls: such as designing to provide metal stabilization and dilution by air, addition of odor masking or gas damage to provide odour and emission reduction of hazardous waste Dispose of landfills or facilities. In the past, scientists have focused on single heavy metals such as faults, mines, chromium, and water. Because these heavy metals were and still remain the most important substances in metal pollution in the soil. Materials such as mis-paints, incinerator ash, foundry and factory fly ash, waste motor vehicle pulverized materials and wire smash residues, and site cleaning wastes, such as battery acid and mine waste from the furnace, are the main Wrong source. However, recently, there is a need for a control of mining waste, wastewater sludge, pulverizer waste, wire insulation, incinerator fly ash, incinerator bottom slag, incinerator mixed ash, sputum, Zhonghu 'a cast smelting plant dust, steel mill Dust and contaminated soils such as As, Hg, Cd, Cr, pb, Cu and combinations thereof, odor emission and leaching control methods to comply with odor-related TCLP and spLp, inspection, m and others Measures intended to measure the leaching and/or solubility of metals during on-site conditions. The 2009 200900170 equipment impact, low or easy to re-method moisture method is fast, low operator risk, low mechanical treatment costs, avoid Temporary storage and curing times are allowed and used in a manner that is below or in the process of compaction and processing. σ soil The invention discloses a method for stabilizing the reduction of the genus or the waste material and the low-method of the gas-wood I, which is via the so-called W-pole η, from the crucible or waste material and the powdered DCPDH acid + Luo Contact with a stabilizer. DCPDH can be right 4 α _ effectively to make the strict and larger particle size particles less effective in the form of dry powder, 1 therefore the disc weight can be used before the waste is generated, such as in the liquid stream in the production of waste (four) mud: in the plant Or in the pipeline in contact with air pollution control and ash collection, or in the collection of agricultural equipment such as hoppers, dumpers, conveyors, dumpsters or waste dumps after waste generation. The DCPDH is applied in dry form so that the stabilized material and waste can still be adapted to the filling material or loosely treated and still have a lower permeability to allow the leachate or water stream to be transported. When stabilized waste or materials are used as substrate mulch covers, dams or engineered fills, the water flow wheel becomes important and necessary' thereby eliminating the retention of water or leachate from the water level. The acid semi-soluble powdered DCPDH dry seed stabilization method is controlled under TCLP, SPLP, MEp, CALWET, DI, rainwater and surface water leaching conditions as well as in waste control such as by the United Kingdom, Thailand, Japan, Switzerland, Germany, Sweden, and the Netherlands. Leaching of waste-containing odors and heavy metal-containing wastes including As, Hg, Cd, Cr, Pb and Cu groups and combinations thereof under defined controlled water extraction test conditions and under the standards of the American Nuclear Society for continuous leaching of waste materials Sexuality, in which an acid semi-soluble dry chemical powder is used. 16 200900170 H曰曰 The weight increase of the treated waste is minimized and the treatment and operation of the substrate are allowed without curing or temporary storage, repeated treatment and production Suitable for excavator or loader loading, skimming and land disposal or immediate reuse of spread and compacted free-flowing and more permeable stabilized materials or waste. The present invention provides a method for reducing the odor of waste and the leaching of materials or wastes including A" Γ Pb and Cu groups and combinations thereof under TCLP, SPLP, MEP, CALWET, = rainwater, and (iv) source surface water leaching conditions. It uses a dilute acid semi-soluble dcpdh powdered seed crystal, which minimizes the weight increase of the treated material or waste material and allows immediate treatment and operation without the application of water and mixing, without The re-treatment required for the curing requirements and the relevant g-product storage piles, and at the same time, it is suitable for excavation or skid-mounted machine rafts, truck unloading and proper disposal or direct re-use of the free flow and penetration of the spread and pressure Stabilizing material or tailings. The present invention recognizes the use of dilute acid as a leaching fluid in which powdered DCPDH will be added to the dilute acid and thus teaches the use of a dilute acid semi-soluble stabilizer. 'Previous techniques have taught to stabilize heavy metals by adding water-soluble or water-based physical encapsulants, and have not yet been known to be insoluble in water' in dilute acetic acid (TCLp), dilute sulfuric acid and nitric acid (SP) Lp/MEp) and the value of powdered DCPDH which is soluble and surface usable in CALWET. In particular, 〇, Har< 4,737,356 and F〇rrester (5,245, U 4 and 5,430,233) teaches the need Adding water soluble to incinerator ash, waste motor vehicle pulverized material and wire insulation waste and incinerator bottom slag 17 200900170
性碟酸鹽’其水溶性為至少5gm/100ml，在較佳具體實例 中為100%水溶性磷酸，其增加氣味。先前技術中使用波 特蘭水泥、石灰、水泥窯灰、磷酸及組合之穩定方法，亦 因為了代表穩定後處理及處置困難之化學反應向穩定配方 中添加水（組合或作為水溶性試劑之部分添加），而產生 滲透性降低之基質或固體材料形式，然:而，本發明使用粉 末狀DCPDH轉低氣味及金屬溶解度w會顯著降低^ 增加滲透性，$會形成水泥樣非自由流動之材料或廢料， 無需固化時間，不會發生水合作用及相關的材料及廢料重 量增加，無需固化貯料堆所需之重複材料及土壤處理，從 而允許直接進行經穩定材料或廢料之處理、裝載、處置或 再使用及緊密靠近住宅及商業區進行處理。粉末狀DcpM 酸半溶性晶種穩定方法以基本原理操作，材料或廢料與粉 末狀DCPDH之間的充分湛、列從私 门的死刀濕潤稀酸環境接觸及混合將在 TCLP、SPLP、驗或CALWET萃取容器中發生。用於預 測浸出潛勢之萃取方法均假定現場㈣或廢料處置條件因 酸雨水或酸浸出液而經歷水合作i且涉及—定程度的重 金屬與卒取流體在飽和環境中歷經—段最短時間的間歇混 合，且該水合作用可藉由萃取溶質添加及混合時期來模 擬。粉末狀DCPDH穩定方法κ 、 ^ 去因此利用管制萃取程序來允The disc acid salt' has a water solubility of at least 5 gm/100 ml, and in a preferred embodiment is 100% water soluble phosphoric acid which increases the odor. The prior art uses Portland cement, lime, cement kiln ash, phosphoric acid and a combination of stabilization methods, as well as the addition of water to the stable formulation (combined or as part of a water-soluble reagent) for chemical reactions that represent stable post-treatment and handling difficulties. Adding), resulting in a reduced permeability matrix or solid material form, however: the use of powdered DCPDH in the present invention to reduce odor and metal solubility w will significantly reduce ^ increase permeability, $ will form a cement-like non-free flowing material Or waste, no curing time, no hydration and associated material and waste weight increase, no need to cure the repetitive materials and soil treatment required for the storage pile, allowing direct handling of stable materials or waste, loading, Dispose of or reuse and be in close proximity to residential and commercial areas for disposal. Powdered DcpM Acid Semi-Soluble Seed Stabilization Method operates on a basic principle, with sufficient Zhan between the material or waste and the powdered DCPDH, and the contact from the private die-wet dilute acid environment and mixing will be in TCLP, SPLP, or Occurs in the CALWET extraction vessel. The extraction methods used to predict the leaching potential assume that the site (iv) or waste disposal conditions experience hydration due to acid rain or acid leaching and involve a certain degree of heavy metal and the stroke fluid in a saturated environment. Mixing, and the hydration can be simulated by extracting solute addition and mixing periods. The powdered DCPDH stabilization method κ, ^ is therefore allowed to use the controlled extraction procedure
廢枓之水合作用 '重金屬與粉末狀DCPDH 充當稀酸授拌槽反應器，其向材二：二取測試因此 以及擴散至酸溶液中者提供機會， ^ 上之重金屬 乂有充足的機會與粉末 18 200900170 狀DCPDH晶種接觸，DCPDH晶種亦具有與稀酸可溶性及/ 或可用性之重金屬形成表面活性及/或半溶性礦物之潛勢。 粉末狀DCPDH技術之一獨特益處為可在現場將SPLP、 MEP、TCLP及CALWET萃取流體酸半溶性粉末狀DCPDH 施用於廢料或材料並乾燥混合均勻，且因此使該等穩定劑 之測試樣品在萃取溶液中在重金屬存在下自由翻轉或混合 一段既定萃取時間。此非膠結且未反應之酸半溶性粉末狀 DCPDH表面混合極大地改良諸如Pb、Cd、Cr、及Cu之 重金屬進入DCPDH表面之濕潤環境中取代。萃取裝置有 效地使重金屬進入懸浮液溶液中以及使酸半溶性粉末狀 DCPDH進入懸浮液及溶液中，且因此提供目前溶液可溶性 重金屬優良的表面取代、吸附及沈殿之機會。在此化學機 制下，一部分粉末狀DCPDH因酸溶液而在溶液中可用， 且重金屬離子在溶液中可用，其繼而取代及交換不溶性 DCPDH表面上之鈣並與某些半溶性DCPDH —起在萃取酸 溶液中沈澱。 預期粉末狀DCPDH及有效程度較低之精細顆粒 DCPDH可用於RCRA遵守行動，使得自採礦作業、廢水 設施、熔爐、焚化爐及其他設施產生之材料不超過根據TCLP 之適當 TCLP 危險性廢料標準，或用於 CERCLA (Superfund )反應，其中將穩定劑添加至先前產生且現在 根據RCRA作為危險性廢料預處置來管制之廢料堆或儲存 容器中。施用 DCPDH之較佳方法為以粉末形式且在產生 含重金屬材料之場所及設施内管線内使用，且因此根據 19 200900170 RCRA被接受為完全封閉的槽内或豁免TCLP穩定方法而 無需RCRA Part B危險性廢料處理及儲存設施許可。 視其他廢料處理要求，諸如強度、滲透性、氣味控制 及其他重金屬控制而定，DCPdh亦可與以下各物組合使 用：波特蘭水泥、水泥窯灰、石灰窯灰、矽酸鹽、石灰、 白雲石石灰、氧化鎂、生石灰、磷酸鹽、石灰、硫酸鐵、 硫敲亞鐵、氣化鐵、鐵粉、鐵屑、氯化物、碳酸鹽、磷酸 一錢（MAP)、磷酸二銨（DAp)、過磷酸鈣（ssp)、 二過磷酸鈣（tsp )、六偏磷酸鹽（HMp)、多磷酸四鉀、 4駄一鈣、磷酸二鈣、磷酸一鈣、磷岩、所有上述乾燥磷 酉久之叔末形式及其組合。在某些狀況中，可提供數種諸 如鐵、減其他錯合劑之添加劑，其亦可提供錯合填灰石 或低溶解度㈣（諸如魏㈣、水磷㈣礦㈣硫銘鐵 礦）之單步驟形成。穩定劑組合類型、尺寸、劑量率、接 觸持續時間及刻方式可針對各類型之含重金屬材料或廢 料進行設計。 儘管目前確切的穩定形成分子尚未知，但預期當重金 屬與粉城DCPDH衫劑在萃取分析期間在利之萃取 ^體存在下接料，化合物開始經由分子取代、水性沈殿 ’表面吸附形成’諸如羥磷灰石及金屬磷酸鹽沈澱物，豆 師度小於原先在材料或廢料中之重金屬元素或分子。特 疋言之，As、Hg、Pb、〇、Pu β 、& . 、 及Ccl進入磷氯鉛礦及鈣磷 火石之錯合及/或雙晶作用，悬可 + 了此猎由在標準溫度及壓力 下在萃取器流體^ DCPDH添加至材料或廢料中發生。 20 200900170 確切的氣味控制方法目The decomposed water cooperation 'heavy metal and powdered DCPDH acts as a dilute acid tank reactor, which provides a chance for the material to be used in the second and second tests, and the diffusion to the acid solution. ^The heavy metal bismuth has ample opportunity Powder 18 200900170 Contact with DCPDH seeds, DCPDH seeds also have the potential to form surface active and/or semi-soluble minerals with heavy metals that are soluble and/or usable. One of the unique benefits of powdered DCPDH technology is the ability to apply SPLP, MEP, TCLP and CALWET extraction fluid acid semi-soluble powdered DCPDH to waste or materials in the field and dry and mix evenly, and thus the test samples of these stabilizers are extracted. The solution is free to flip or mix for a given extraction time in the presence of heavy metals. This non-cemented and unreacted acid semi-soluble powdered DCPDH surface blend greatly improves the replacement of heavy metals such as Pb, Cd, Cr, and Cu into the wet environment of the DCPDH surface. The extraction unit effectively enters the heavy metal into the suspension solution and allows the acid semi-soluble powdered DCPDH to enter the suspension and solution, and thus provides an excellent opportunity for surface replacement, adsorption, and immersion of the solution soluble heavy metal. Under this chemical mechanism, a portion of the powdered DCPDH is available in solution due to the acid solution, and heavy metal ions are available in solution, which in turn replaces and exchanges calcium on the surface of the insoluble DCPDH and extracts acid from some semi-soluble DCPDH. Precipitate in solution. It is expected that powdered DCPDH and the less effective fine particles DCPDH can be used in RCRA compliance actions such that materials from mining operations, wastewater facilities, furnaces, incinerators and other facilities do not exceed the appropriate TCLP hazardous waste standards in accordance with TCLP, or Used in the CERCLA (Superfund) reaction where a stabilizer is added to a waste heap or storage container that was previously produced and is now regulated according to RCRA as a pre-disposal of hazardous waste. A preferred method of applying DCPDH is in powder form and in the production of pipelines containing heavy metal materials and in pipelines within the facility, and thus is accepted as a completely closed tank or exempted from the TCLP stabilization method according to 19 200900170 RCRA without the risk of RCRA Part B License for waste disposal and storage facilities. Depending on other waste disposal requirements, such as strength, permeability, odour control and other heavy metal controls, DCPdh can also be used in combination with: Portland cement, cement kiln dust, lime kiln dust, niobate, lime, Dolomite lime, magnesia, quicklime, phosphate, lime, ferric sulfate, thiophene ferrous, gasified iron, iron powder, iron filings, chloride, carbonate, MAP, DAP ), superphosphate (ssp), diperphosphate (tsp), hexametaphosphate (HMp), tetrapotassium polyphosphate, 4 駄 monocalcium phosphate, dicalcium phosphate, monocalcium phosphate, phosphate rock, all of the above dry phosphorus The long-term uncle form and its combination. In some cases, several additives such as iron and other miscible agents may be provided, which may also provide a list of mismatched limestone or low solubility (IV) (such as Wei (four), water phosphorus (four) ore (four) sulfur Ming iron ore) The steps are formed. The type, size, dosage rate, duration of contact, and engraving of the stabilizer combination can be designed for each type of heavy metal containing material or waste. Although the exact stable formation molecules are not known at present, it is expected that when heavy metals and powder DCPDH shirts are picked up in the presence of the extract in the extraction analysis, the compound begins to form via the molecular substitution, aqueous surface formation, such as hydroxyphosphorus. Gray stone and metal phosphate precipitates, the degree of the bean is less than the heavy metal elements or molecules originally in the material or waste. In particular, As, Hg, Pb, 〇, Pu β, & . , and Ccl enter the miscedence and/or twin action of the chlorite and calcium phosphate, and the hang can be used in this standard. Temperature and pressure occur in the extractor fluid ^DCPDH added to the material or waste. 20 200900170 The exact odour control method
^ w^ j肉禾知，但預期係由於DCPDH 之及附本質及中性Η佶w 可加i# $ M a # 範圍。亦可能是改變溫度及壓力 了加速或輔助礦物形成 要m力μ、贝由, 右而要限制成本及為可能因需 旻&力及溫度控制裝置 萨宁彡。此， 谷13而複雜化之選用場地為主之 私疋刼作做準備，則對 為最佳的。 本申明案而言t亥等方法並未被視 合適穩定劑之會你1 h J_1* / 、匕括但不限於粉末形式及各種精細 顆粒形式之磷酸二鈣-永 士、、t 水合物（dcpdh)。根據本發明之 6所用之DCPDH言式劑量及所選擇之粒徑視多種因素 而疋’包括與毒物學及地點環境控制目標相關之所需溶解 度降低潛勢、戶斤需氣味控制、所需礦物毒性及所需石廣物形 成已發現焚化爐底逢廢料巾〇.5重量％粉末狀dcpdh之 里及奶σ羡化爐灰渣中2.0重量％粉末狀DCPDH之量，足 以達成初始TCLP Pb及TCLP Pb及Cd穩定，使其分別低 於5.0及1.〇之RCRA限值並降低氣味。然而，前述内容 並不意欲排除DCPDH或與其他試劑（若需要）之組合之 更高或更低的用量，因為已證實廢料中大於2重量％DCpDH 之量亦有效，但成本較高。以下實施例僅用於說明本發明， 而並不意欲藉此以任何方式限制本發明。 實施例1 在本實施例中，用不同量之磷酸（75% H3P〇4)及DCPDH 穩定垃圾焚化爐底渣，其中在TCLP萃取前進行〇天樣品 固化。隨後測試經穩定及未經穩定之灰渣之TCLP Pb、Cd、 Cr及Cu及灰渣產物之可感覺氣味。根據聯邦登錄，第55 21 200900170 卷，第 126 期，第 26985-26998 頁（1990 年 6 月 29 曰） (其以引用的方式併入本文中）中所述之TCLP程序萃取 樣品。在藉由ICP分析之前消化浸出液。磷酸鹽混合物形 成具有低於20 PSI無側限強度之適合於陸地處置、通過油 漆過濾測試之自由流動性灰渣。樣品氣味藉由將灰渣與不 同含量之活性碳混合且隨後由一組9名人員感覺氣味來測 試。藉由將平均氣味感覺指數乘以33且得到〇至99之最 大氣味指數來計算各樣品之氣味指數。指數數值越低，小 組人員所遇到的氣味就越強。 表1^ w^ j meat and know, but it is expected that due to the nature of DCPDH and the neutral Η佶w can add i# $ M a # range. It is also possible to change the temperature and pressure to accelerate or assist in the formation of minerals. It is necessary to limit the cost and the right to limit the cost and possibly the need for 旻 & force and temperature control devices. Therefore, it is best to prepare for the private use of the site that is complicated by the Valley 13. For the purposes of this application, methods such as thai are not considered to be suitable stabilizers. 1 h J_1* /, including but not limited to powder form and various fine particle forms of dicalcium phosphate - yongshi, t hydrate ( Dcpdh). The DCPDH speech dose and the selected particle size used in accordance with the present invention are based on a variety of factors, including the required solubility reduction potential associated with toxicological and site environmental control objectives, the need for odour control, and the desired minerals. Toxicity and the formation of the required stone aggregates have been found to be sufficient for the initial TCLP Pb and TCLP in the amount of 2.0% by weight of powdered DCPDH in the waste in the incinerator at the bottom of the waste material, in the powdered dcpdh, and in the milk slag furnace ash. Pb and Cd are stable, lower than the RCRA limits of 5.0 and 1. respectively and reduce the odor. However, the foregoing is not intended to exclude higher or lower amounts of DCPDH or a combination with other reagents, if desired, since it has been demonstrated that greater than 2% by weight of DCpDH in the waste is also effective, but at a higher cost. The following examples are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention in any way. Example 1 In this example, the waste incinerator bottoms were stabilized with different amounts of phosphoric acid (75% H3P〇4) and DCPDH, wherein the crucible samples were cured prior to TCLP extraction. The tangible odor of the TCLP Pb, Cd, Cr and Cu and ash products of the stabilized and unstabilized ash was subsequently tested. Samples were extracted according to the TCLP procedure described in Federal Register, vol. 55 21 200900170, vol. 126, pp. 26985-26998 (June 29, 1990), which is incorporated herein by reference. The leachate was digested prior to analysis by ICP. The phosphate mixture forms a free-flowing ash suitable for terrestrial disposal and tested by paint filtration with an unconfined strength of less than 20 PSI. The sample odor was tested by mixing the ash with a different amount of activated carbon and then feeling the odor by a group of nine people. The odor index of each sample was calculated by multiplying the average odor sensation index by 33 and obtaining the maximum odor index of 〇 to 99. The lower the index value, the stronger the odor of the group. Table 1
穩定劑劑量（％) 〇 0.4% Η3Ρ04 0.4%粉末狀DCPDH TCLP Cd/Pb/Cr/As (ppm)氣味程度 0.148/8.03/0.23/0.005 35·3 (基線） 0.140/0.80/0.48/0.036 31.5 0.09/0.73/<0.01/<0.0l 69.2 (最小氣味） 表1中之上述結果容易地確立本發明方法用以乾燥穩 定金屬，從而降低浸出性及氣味，同時亦產生適合於處理 及處置之廢料而無需固化時間的操作性。根據如表1中所 提供之粉末狀及精細顆粒DCPDH使重金屬穩定及降低氣Stabilizer dosage (%) 〇0.4% Η3Ρ04 0.4% powdered DCPDH TCLP Cd/Pb/Cr/As (ppm) Odor degree 0.148/8.03/0.23/0.005 35·3 (baseline) 0.140/0.80/0.48/0.036 31.5 0.09 /0.73/<0.01/<0.0l 69.2 (minimum odor) The above results in Table 1 readily establish that the method of the present invention is used to dry stable metals, thereby reducing leaching and odor, while also producing suitable for handling and disposal. Waste without the operability of curing time. Stabilizing and reducing heavy metals based on powdered and fine-grained DCPDH as provided in Table 1
味之有效性，據信等同於低於i重量％含重金屬材料或廢 料之量的粉末狀DCPDH應為有效的。 A 雖然已參考本發明之較佳具體實例特定展示及描述本 發明，但熟習此項技術者應瞭解可在不背離如所附申請專 利範圍所界定之本發明之精神及範疇的情況下對其作出多 22 200900170 種形式及細節上的修改。 【圖式簡單說明】 (無） 【主要元件符號說明 (無）The effectiveness of the taste, it is believed that powdered DCPDH equivalent to less than i by weight of heavy metal-containing material or waste should be effective. Although the present invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to the preferred embodiments of the present invention, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the invention can be practiced without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. Make more than 22 200900170 forms and details of the changes. [Simple description of the diagram] (none) [Main component symbol description (none)