200847526 九、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 係 天線，更具體而言 本發明概言之係關於射頻辨識（rfid) 關於配置成陣列形式之RFID夭綠 【先前技術】 線。200847526 IX. Description of the invention: [Technical field to which the invention pertains] An antenna, more specifically, an overview of the present invention relates to radio frequency identification (rfid) regarding RFID 配置 green configured in an array form [Prior Art] Line.
系統使用射頻傳輸對物體進行辨識、分類、定位以及追 蹤RFID系統包含一主要組件：_轉頻器或灯1〇標籤及一讀取 器。«係為躲產生供讀取器料之電㈣或脈衝之裝置。讀 取器則為用於起動及讀取來自轉頻㈣之發射議收器 組合（收發器>RFID標籤係貼於需要追縱之物體上，並可進行 程式化以廣播表示物體身份之_敎資料流，例如序號及型號、 價格、庫存碼以及日期。讀取器將會侧「貼標籤」之物體並更 連接至一大的網路，該大的網路將關於物體之資訊發送至感興趣 之各方，例如零售商及產品製造商。^^1]〇標籤被視為智慧條碼， 其可與一網路系統進行通信來追蹤與一指定標籤相關之每一物 體。因此’預計RFID標籤將廣泛應用於供應鏈管理中，例如應用 於運輸及搬運之追蹤。在此等供應鏈管理應用中，常常將商品包 裝於托板或大垛的容器中。在此等供應鏈管理應用中一直使用傳 統之喇9V形天線。第1圖顯示一喇叭形天線110，其與一 rFID讀 取器120相連，用於朝一包裝有貼rFID標籤之商品之托板130 廣播射頻（RF)能量。喇叭形天線丨1〇之性質使所廣播之RF能 量以較大扇形展開方式向外發射。對於大的托板130，RF信號強 度會不均勻，亦即並非托板130中所有貼RFID標籤之品項皆可被 讀取到。無疑地，其並不能有效地發射及接收RF信號。此外，此 6 200847526 往讀取處於某―㈣内之任—祕品項，甚至 :，i3°之外且並不打算讀取之品項。 ;逃應用’顯然需要開發_種便於讀取所期望物體空間中 之所有貼標籤品項而不會讀取非期望空間中之任 天線糸統。若一托板係為所期望物體空間，則該、之RFID 空間皆係為非期望空間。 之外之住何 【發明内容】 f % 本發明提供一種用於—射頻辨識（RFID)系統之陣 據本發明之-第-實施例，該陣列天線包含：1輪線天線。根 縱向全長，該縱向全長近似等於期望被該陣列天線所覆蓋具有一 間之一尚度，該傳輸線具有一終端耦接至一 RFID讀取器· ^ ^ 所 數個輻射元件，沿該縱向全長設置於該第一傳輪線上，、及複 ' ’其中該 期望空間係被該些輻射元件之輻射近似均勻地覆蓋。 ^ 根據本發明之一第二實施例，該陣列天線包含：一第一 得輪線， 具有一第一縱向全長，該第一縱向全長近似等於期望被該陣，The system uses RF transmission to identify, classify, locate, and track objects. The RFID system consists of a major component: _ transponder or lamp 1 〇 tag and a reader. «It is a device that hides electricity (4) or pulses for reading materials. The reader is used to start and read the combination of the transmitter and receiver from the frequency (four) (transceiver > RFID tag attached to the object that needs to be traced, and can be programmed to broadcast the identity of the object _敎 Data stream, such as serial number and model number, price, stock code, and date. The reader will be “labeled” on the side and connected to a large network that sends information about the object to the sensation. Interested parties, such as retailers and product manufacturers. The ^^1] tag is considered a smart bar code that can communicate with a network system to track every object associated with a given tag. Labels will be widely used in supply chain management, for example in transportation and handling tracking. In these supply chain management applications, goods are often packaged in pallets or large containers. In these supply chain management applications. A conventional Ra 9V antenna has been used. Fig. 1 shows a horn antenna 110 connected to an rFID reader 120 for broadcasting radio frequency (RF) energy to a pallet 130 of a product packed with rFID tags. The nature of the antenna 使1〇 causes the broadcasted RF energy to be emitted outward in a large fan-shaped manner. For a large pallet 130, the RF signal strength may be uneven, that is, not all RFID tags in the pallet 130. Items can be read. Undoubtedly, it can't effectively transmit and receive RF signals. In addition, this 6 200847526 reads the secret item in a certain (4), even: i3° And does not intend to read the item. The escape application 'apparently needs to develop _ kind of easy to read all the label items in the desired object space without reading any antenna system in the undesired space. If the board is the desired object space, then the RFID space is an undesired space. What is the outside of the space? [Invention] F % The present invention provides a frame for a radio frequency identification (RFID) system according to the present invention. In the first embodiment, the array antenna comprises: a first-line antenna. The longitudinal length of the root is approximately equal to a desired degree of coverage by the array antenna, and the transmission line has a terminal coupled to the RFID reader · ^ ^ a plurality of radiating elements disposed along the longitudinal length of the first transfer line, and wherein the desired space is approximately uniformly covered by the radiation of the radiating elements. ^ According to a second embodiment of the present invention The array antenna includes: a first obtained wheel line having a first longitudinal full length, the first longitudinal full length being approximately equal to a desired array,
線所覆蓋之一空間之一高度；複數個第/輻射元件，沿該 天 向全長設置於該第一傳輸線上；—第二傳輸線，具有亦近似等、 該所期望空間之該高度之一第二縱向金長，該第二傳輪線係實柄 平行於該第一傳輸線，但與該第一傳輸線於一水平方向上相隔貝 第一預定距離；以及複數個第二輻射元件，沿該第二縱向全長j 置於該第二傳輸線上，該些第一與第二輻射元件中之垂直相鄰= 射元件係於該垂直方向上相隔至少一第二預定距離，其中該田 望空間係被該第一與複數個第二輻射元件之韓射近似斤期 蓋。 I 7 200847526 根據本發明之一第三實施例，該第二實施例之天線系統係靠近 複數個吸收板安裝，該些吸收板係用於衰減會照射不位於該天線 系統所訊問托板上之附近貼標籤品項的非期望輻射以及散射，其 中非期望輻射係來自該天線系統，而散射則來自托板。 根據本發明之一第四實施例，前述吸收板不應直接靠近該天線 系統佈置，乃因其將影響其輻射效能，應在天線正後方放置一導 電板，以使天線背向輻射改為朝向所量測之托板。 然而，結合附圖閱讀下文對具體實施例之說明，將能最佳地理 r ' 解本發明之構造及操作方法、及其其他目的和優點。 【實施方式】 本發明提供一種RF1D陣列天線系統，其具有較佳之選擇性覆 蓋，即完整覆蓋一所期望空間，而幾乎不覆蓋該所期望空間以外 之空間。 第2圖例示根據本發明一第一實施例，用於向一托板130發射 一射頻辨識信號的一基本陣列天線210。天線210具有一由較緊密 , 相間之輻射體215形成之陣列，該些輻射體215發射RF1D信號之 f \ 平面波或接近平面波。在一給定發射能階下，托板130中之貼標 籤品項將以較高之能量接收R FID信號，故此一陣列天線能較傳統 喇α八形天線更佳地讀取托板130。 RHD系統係為背向散射系統，其中信號被發射至一 RFID標 籤，經RFID標籤調變後散射回至一讀取器天線。即便不考量在產 生調變時與標籤天線效率相關之額外損耗，發射功率亦會在與標 籤天線間來回傳播期間大幅衰減。結果使背向散射信號大大減 弱。因此，RFID讀取器需要輻射出很大之功率且須具有一極低雜 8 200847526 訊接收器，以提供一足夠之動態範圍。為提高系統之訊雜比，本 發明提出對RFID系統使用多個獨立之埠，包括個別之天線。具有 多個獨立之RF1D天線埠顯然優於傳統之單埠RFID讀取器系統。 第3A圖例示根據本發明一第二實施例之一改良式陣列天線 310。改良式陣列天線310具有以一 5吋（〃)之水平間距（A)並排 佈置之二陣列320及330。陣列320上之輻射體325輻射出一+45。 之極化信號。陣列330上之輻射體335則輻射出一-45°之極化信 號。輻射體325及335具有一 4"之垂直間距（B)。典型RFID信 號之波長係為約13〃，藉由使輻射體間距保持大約為RFID信號之 波長，使來自該些輻射體之輻射維持同相，不會相互抵消。在輻 射體角度325及335提供極化分集之同時，輻射體間距則提供空 間分集。 天線系統310之各陣列320或330可按照與Burnside等人（亦 為本發明之發明人）於2007年5月17日提出申請之第11/750,307 號美國專利申請案中所揭示之貨架天線相同之方式加以構造。陣 列天線之各輻射元件可係為耦接至分散式天線之頂板之突起導電 條帶。該些導電條帶與該頂板間之耦合可藉由直接電連接、電容 耦合或電感耦合來達成。熟習此項技術者亦可瞭解，導電片或導 電迴路亦可用作該些輻射元件。該些導電片或導電迴路可藉由電 連接、電容耦合或電感耦合而耦合至該頂板。a height of one of the spaces covered by the line; a plurality of the first/radiation elements disposed on the first transmission line along the full length of the day; the second transmission line having an approximate height, the height of the desired space a second longitudinal length, the second transfer line is parallel to the first transmission line, but spaced apart from the first transmission line by a first predetermined distance in a horizontal direction; and a plurality of second radiating elements along the first Two longitudinal full lengths j are disposed on the second transmission line, and the vertically adjacent ones of the first and second radiating elements are at least a second predetermined distance apart from the vertical direction, wherein the field space is The first and the plurality of second radiating elements are similar to each other. I 7 200847526 According to a third embodiment of the present invention, the antenna system of the second embodiment is mounted adjacent to a plurality of absorbing plates for attenuating illumination that is not located on the interrogation plate of the antenna system. Undesired radiation and scattering of the label item are nearby, where the undesired radiation is from the antenna system and the scattering is from the pallet. According to a fourth embodiment of the present invention, the absorbing plate should not be disposed directly adjacent to the antenna system, because it will affect its radiation efficiency, and a conductive plate should be placed directly behind the antenna to change the antenna back radiation to the direction. The measured pallet. However, the construction and operation of the present invention, as well as other objects and advantages thereof, will be best understood from the following description of the embodiments. [Embodiment] The present invention provides an RF1D array antenna system having a preferred selective coverage that completely covers a desired space without covering a space other than the desired space. Figure 2 illustrates a basic array antenna 210 for transmitting a radio frequency identification signal to a pallet 130 in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention. Antenna 210 has an array of relatively dense, interphase radiators 215 that emit f\plane waves or near plane waves of the RF1D signal. At a given emission level, the tagged item in the pallet 130 will receive the R FID signal at a higher energy, so that the array antenna can read the pallet 130 better than the conventional alpha alpha-eight antenna. The RHD system is a backscatter system in which the signal is transmitted to an RFID tag that is modulated by the RFID tag and scattered back to a reader antenna. Even if the additional loss associated with the efficiency of the tag antenna is not considered in the modulation, the transmit power is greatly attenuated during propagation back and forth between the tag antenna and the tag antenna. As a result, the backscatter signal is greatly reduced. Therefore, RFID readers need to radiate a lot of power and must have a very low noise 8 200847526 receiver to provide a sufficient dynamic range. To increase the signal-to-noise ratio of the system, the present invention proposes the use of multiple independent antennas for the RFID system, including individual antennas. Having multiple independent RF1D antennas is clearly superior to conventional RFID reader systems. Figure 3A illustrates an improved array antenna 310 in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention. The modified array antenna 310 has two arrays 320 and 330 arranged side by side at a horizontal pitch (A) of 5 Å. Radiator 325 on array 320 radiates a +45. Polarized signal. Radiator 335 on array 330 radiates a polarization signal of -45°. Radiators 325 and 335 have a 4" vertical spacing (B). A typical RFID signal has a wavelength of about 13 Å. By keeping the distance between the emitters approximately the wavelength of the RFID signal, the radiation from the radiators remains in phase and does not cancel each other out. While the radiator angles 325 and 335 provide polarization diversity, the radiator spacing provides spatial diversity. The arrays 320 or 330 of the antenna system 310 can be the same as the shelf antennas disclosed in U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 11/750,307, the entire disclosure of which is assigned to- The way it is constructed. Each of the radiating elements of the array antenna can be a protruding conductive strip coupled to the top plate of the distributed antenna. The coupling between the conductive strips and the top plate can be achieved by direct electrical connection, capacitive coupling or inductive coupling. Those skilled in the art will also appreciate that conductive sheets or conductive circuits can also be used as the radiating elements. The conductive sheets or conductive loops can be coupled to the top plate by electrical, capacitive or inductive coupling.
第3B圖例示用於讀取托板130之第3A圖所示改良式RFID陣 列天線310。+45°與-45°極化信號同樣激發托板130中各容器間之 水平及垂直間隙。因此，即使該些容器裝有大的導電結構，第3A 9 200847526 圖之天線系統310之陣列320及330亦皆有望形成能透過該垛容 器之RJFID信號。Fig. 3B illustrates an improved RFID array antenna 310 shown in Fig. 3A for reading the pallet 130. The +45° and -45° polarization signals also excite the horizontal and vertical gaps between the containers in the pallet 130. Therefore, even if the containers are provided with a large conductive structure, arrays 320 and 330 of the antenna system 310 of Figs. 3A 200847526 are also expected to form an RJFID signal that can pass through the container.
在另一應用中，使用二RFID讀取器天線系統來訊問一垛容器。 一個讀取器天線系統位於該碌之二側之一上，或者甚至亦位於該 躁之頂部與底部上。該些天線系統可藉由不同之埠連接至^^1〇讀 取器系統。如此一來，該多個天線系統便可在該垛容器經過該些 天線時訊問該碌之不同侧。此將大大改良對該賴有側之照射， 並對位於該垛内之貼標籤品項提供更高讀取率。 如前面所述，在緊密相間之各RFID讀取器系統間會存在相當大 之干擾。然而，在另-應用中，可能將不同網路之相同rfid讀取 Is相互緊靠放置。舉例而言’相鄰之倉庫門σ可具有相同之 系統。由於該些門口非常靠近’因而必須將該多個系統與相鄰 RHD讀取器間之干擾以及來自容器之非期望反射相隔離，尤其考 量到來自容器之反射常是不可控制的1此，本發明提出靠近天 線陣列整合某種吸收性材料’以便在反射信號到達相鄰讀取器天 線系統之前便被吸收。 第4圖例示根據本發明一第三實施例之 p早刘大踝糸統 400,其附近設置有-吸收板4HW車列天線⑽發射並接收一 r肋 信號420。當射至吸收板410上時，來自該操容器13〇的非期望反 射信號會因此強烈衰減’而使其不會照射任何鄰近之腿d讀 取器天㈣統。讀板41G可㈣統RF㈣體或者㈣㈣如二 泡物等低損耗材料隔開之薄電阻片層製成。陣列天線则及吸收 板形成-理想之照射體，其滿足通常與當今咖托板讀取器 200847526 系、、充相關之良好照射要求與低干擾要求。如第4圖所示，儘管吸 收板410_置於陣列天線31()後面，然而熟習此項技術者可將 吸收板410放置於任何需要衰減非期 望反射信號430之處。 RFID閘門系統係為一種特殊之刪ρ托板讀取器系統，其將 RFID讀取器置於你丨‘In another application, a two RFID reader antenna system is used to interrogate a container. A reader antenna system is located on one of the two sides, or even on the top and bottom of the cassette. The antenna systems can be connected to the ^1〇 reader system by different methods. In this way, the plurality of antenna systems can interrogate the different sides of the battery while the container passes through the antennas. This will greatly improve the side-to-side illumination and provide a higher read rate for the labelled items located within the cassette. As mentioned earlier, there can be considerable interference between closely spaced RFID reader systems. However, in another application, it is possible to place the same rfid read Is of different networks close to each other. For example, adjacent warehouse gates σ may have the same system. Since the gates are very close together, the interference between the multiple systems and the adjacent RHD readers and the undesired reflections from the containers must be isolated, especially considering that reflections from the containers are often uncontrollable. The invention proposes to integrate some kind of absorptive material near the antenna array to be absorbed before the reflected signal reaches the adjacent reader antenna system. Fig. 4 is a view showing a p-early Liu Datong system 400 according to a third embodiment of the present invention, in which a absorbing plate 4HW train antenna (10) is disposed and receives a r rib signal 420. When incident on the absorbing plate 410, the undesired reflected signal from the container 13 will be strongly attenuated so that it does not illuminate any adjacent leg d readers. The reading plate 41G can be made of (4) RF (4) or (4) (4) thin resistive layers separated by low loss materials such as blister. The array antenna and the absorbing plate form an ideal illuminating body that meets the good illumination requirements and low interference requirements typically associated with today's coffee tray readers 200847526. As shown in Fig. 4, although the absorbing plate 410_ is placed behind the array antenna 31(), those skilled in the art can place the absorbing plate 410 wherever it is desired to attenuate the undesired reflected signal 430. The RFID gate system is a special type of slab reader system that puts the RFID reader in your ‘
、1』如門口處。rFIE)閘門系統係在托板經過RnD 閘門糸統時執行讀取。辟妙 貝取顯然’设計目標係完全讀取承載於該托板 内之所有貼&籤叩項，而不讀轉托板之外之任何品項。然而， f吸收體處理必須以不會影響對托板之所期望照射之方式來設計。 、為達成該目標，必須首先瞭解需要吸收與不需要吸收之信號。所 期望信號非常明顯，乃因其自讀取器天線向外朝托板傳播。需要 吸收之非期望信號則係來自讀取器天線之雜散轄射以及托板散 射。應注意’來自托板之散射可能非常顯著，尤其是#托板裳有 大型金屬結構時。由於閘門系統在任何情況下皆須良好地發揮作 用，因而吾人必須假定托板散射非常顯著。因而，問門讀取器系 統必須環繞有一將在此種托板散射照射周圍區域之前反射及/或吸 ( 收此種托板散射之結構。因此，此種結構必須具有某一合理尺寸 環繞托板的盡可能多之側面，並包含足夠之吸收體，以衰減兮門 門結構之外之非期望信號。 所期望信號直接照射位於此一閘門系統之讀取器天線正前方之 托板。由於閘門系統之輻射位準受到管理機構之限制，因而吸收 板之存在將勢必亦會降低所期望信號位準。為減輕此種負面影 響，不應將吸收板緊靠閘門陣列天線周圍設置。事實上，最佳= 將閘門讀取器天線安裝於一反射金屬板前面，藉以使來自閘門读 11 200847526 取器天線之背向輻射朝托板反射，以增強對托板之照射。 第5圖係為根據本發明一第四實施例之一閘門結構500之俯視 圖，該閘門結構500具有背後分別帶反射板530及540之讀取器 天線510及520。閘門結構500二側上之雙重天線510及520形成 一讀取器網路，以為閘門結構500二側間之通道空間提供更佳之 覆蓋。圖中顯示托板130正移動通過該通道空間。該二天線510 及520係為類似於第3A圖中所示之陣列天線。吸收板553及557 係與天線510設置於閘門結構500之同一側上’露出反射板530 f 、中位於天線510正後方之一部分。反射板530之該外露部分用於 將天線510之背向輻射反射至該通道空間。類似地，吸收板552 及556係與天線520設置於閘門結構500之同一侧上，露出反射 板540中位於天線520正後方之一部分。反射板540之該外露部 分用於將天線520之背向輻射反射至該通道空間。吸收板553、 557、552及556吸收散射RFID信號。該些外露部分之尺寸取決 於閘門結構500所適合之托板130之大小。除側面吸收板553、 U 557、552及556外，該閘門結構亦可包含一前板562及一背板572。 前板562可利用一鉸鏈564回轉打開，或者僅作為一種輕質撓性 材料而輕易推開，鉸鏈574上之背板572亦為如此，使托板130 能夠移入及移出該通道空間。前板562及背板572各自既可為反 射性，亦可為吸收性，視在一特定應用中照射或干擾何者較受關 切而定。閘門結構500亦可具有一頂板（未顯示）及一底板（未 顯示）。頂板與底板二者皆可為反射性、吸收性、或者既為反射性 亦為吸收性，且甚至亦可包含一天線系統。總之，該些處理板一 12 200847526 前板、背板、頂板或底板〜可將該通道空間與其周圍環境隔離。 第5圖中所示之閘門結構5〇〇須能夠應對極為嚴酷之環境，包 括大且重之托板、托板搬運機、堆高機等。吸收板553、557、552 及556必須由具有良好結構之材料製成。大多數商業用吸收體無 法承受此種壞境。解決該問題之一種方式係使用一耐用罩來保護 此等商業用吸收體。另一方式則是尋求更適合之材料及結構。 第6圖係為具有一五層式結構之一實例性吸收板6〇〇之剖視 圖。一底層61〇[〇]係為一金屬薄板或金屬薄膜，其在背面上覆蓋 有一堅勃之外皮（未顯示）。底層61〇[〇]可粘固至第5圖所示閘門 結構500之反射板530及540上。各個層610[1:4]係為藉由低損耗 間隔物620隔開之電阻性薄膜。在該實例性吸收板6〇〇中，將該 些電阻性薄膜層610[1:4]之電阻值分別表示為247、575、1150及 U50歐姆/平方。低損耗間隔物62〇具有丨〃之厚度，並可由發泡物 或任何其他介電常數非常接近自由空間之材料製成。有一對RF透 明之堅韌外皮630粘固至頂部電阻性薄膜層61〇[4]上。事實上， 堅初外皮630可作為一保護層覆蓋整個吸收板6〇〇。舉例而言，堅 章刀外皮630可由ABS塑膠製成。模擬已證實，吸收板6〇〇在rfID 頻率、+Λ60度之入射角條件下能極佳地工作，而此最適合於閘門 應用。熟習此項技術者亦可得知吸收板6〇〇之各種變化形式，例 如改變層之數ϊ及相關電阻值抑或間隔物62〇之厚度。 第7圖係為一閘門天線結構700之剖視圖，閘門天線結構700 包含一金屬接地平面71〇、複數個吸收板6〇〇、一閘門讀取器天線 系統720、複數個發泡間隔物732及736以及一覆蓋整個閘門天線 13 200847526 結構700且對RF透明之堅韌外皮740。閘門讀取器天線72〇可具 有如第3A圖中所示排列成二陣列形式之斜角輻射體。由於閘門讀 取器天線720係設計用於在自由空間中運作而非相對接地平面或 吸收體運作，因而其最佳係藉由間隔物732設置於離金屬接地平 面710大約3〃之位置。閘門讀取器天線72〇在正向及背向上皆輻 射一信號。若間距大約為3〃，則背向輻射信號將受到金屬接地平 面710反射並趨於在相位上與正向輻射信號相加，以照射閘門天 線結構700前面之托板（未顯示）。因此，該方法將提供大得多的 托板照射功率，此應使得對存在於托板内之貼標籤品項進行尤佳 之激發。如第3A圖中所示，陣列天線31〇提供極化分集以及空間 分集。吸收板600吸收自托板反射之非期望信號，且亦防止直接 輻射之信號洩漏出閘門結構（未顯示）。應注意，第7圖所示結構 代表第5圖中所不的一包含例如反射板530、天線51〇及吸收板 553和557之側壁。 由於該閘門結構必須能夠耐受與此等倉庫應用相關之顛簸情 形，因而整個結構必須製作得非常耐用，以承受外部衝擊。如第6 圖中所示，吸收板600已设汁成具有良好的結構。閘門讀取琴天 線720亦須製作成具有類似之耐用性。此係藉由將所提出之間門 讀取器天線720安裝於金屬接地平面71 〇之外露段上方之發、、包門 隔物732及736中來達成。在RHD頻率下，發泡間隔物732之厚 度應大約為3"。隨後將另一發泡間隔物736貼附至閘門讀取器天 線720之頂部。最後，以堅韌、薄且對RF透明之外皮囊封整 個閘門天線結構700,以提供一能抵抗任何磨損衝擊之外部保護。 200847526 在典型倉庫應用中，閘門天線結構7〇〇可係為大約4〃至5" 厚、5呎（）至12’高及3，至1〇，寬。由於在其構造中所用之材料，考 里到其大小，其將為一重量相對輕之結構。其玎永久安裝至一固 定結構上，或者安裝於輪子上以便能容易地來回移動。由閘門天 線板700構成之閘門結構5〇〇可具有感測器，以用於偵測托板正 在接近或離開。該些感測器用於控制該閘門結構之一讀取器系 統，以使該讀取器系統僅在該托板位於該閘門結構内期間讀取該 托板内之貼標籤品項。這是有必要的，乃因處於閘門以外之托板 將往往在周圍區域中散射rFID信號並又造成顯著之環境標籤混 亂，而此係不能令人接受的。閘門感測器信號玎直接輸入至讀取 器系統或者輸入至一系統控制電腦。在該二種情況下，在托板進 入閘門之前，讀取器中之所有貼標籤品項皆基本上清除去。讀取 器隨後讀取貼標籤品項，直至托板離開閘門為止。藉由此種方式， 閘門讀取器系統會集中於托板内之貼標籤品項，並將對放於閘門 結構附近但不在該托板上之貼標籤品項之誤讀取最小化。藉助此 種方法，所提出之閘門結構便能夠接近100%地讀取托板中之貼標 籤品項，且最小限度地讀取不存在於托板上之貼標籤品項，而此 正是本設計之目標所在。 以上說明提供諸多不同實施例或用於實施本發明不同特徵之實 施例。為幫助闡明本發明，闡述了各組件及方法之具體實施例。 %然’其僅僅為實施例，而並非旨在脫離申請專利範圍中所述内 容來限制本發明。 儘管本文將本發明顯示及描述為實施成一或多個特定實例之形 15 200847526 式，然而並非旨在將其限定為所示之細節，乃因可對其作出各種 修改及結構性改動，此並不背離本發明之精神且仍屬於申請專利 範圍之等價内容之範疇及範圍内。相應地，適於以一種與下文申 請專利範圍所述之本發明範圍相一致之方式廣義地看待隨附申請 專利範圍。 【圖式簡單說明】 所包含的構成本說明書之一部分之附圖旨在繪示本發明之某些 態樣。藉由參照附圖中所示之實例性且因此非限定性實施例，本 發明以及隨本發明提供之系統之組件及操作之概念將變得更加一 目了然，在附圖中，相同之參考編號（若其出現於不止一個視圖 中）標識相同之要件。與本文所作說明相結合地參閱一或多個該 些附圖，將可更佳地理解本發明。應注意，附圖中所示之特徵未 必係按比例繪製。 第1圖例示具有一喇叭形天線之一傳統RFID讀取器； 第2圖例示根據本發明一第一實施例，用於向一托板發射射頻 辨識（RFID)信號的一基本陣列天線； 第3A圖例示根據本發明一第二實施例之一改良式RHD陣列天 線； 第3B圖例示使用第3A圖之改良式RFID陣列天線來讀取一托 板； 第4圖例示根據本發明一第三實施例之一 R；FID陣列天線系統， 其附近設置有一吸收板； 第5圖係為根據本發明一第四實施例之一閘門結構之俯視圖， 該閘門結構具有背後帶反射板之讀取器天線； 16 200847526 第6圖例示具有一五層式結構之一實例性吸收板；以及 第7圖係為一閘門陣列天線結構之剖視圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 110 ： 喇u八形天線 120 ： RFID讀取器 130 ： 托板 210 ： 陣列天線 215 ： 轄射體 310 ： 改良式陣列天線 320 ： 陣列 325 ： 輻射體 330 ： 陣列 335 ： 輻射體 400 ： RFID陣列天線系統 410 ： 吸收板 420 ： RFID信號 430 ： 非期望反射信號 500 ： 閘門結構 510 ·· 讀取器天線 520 ： 讀取器天線 530 ： 反射板 540 ： 反射板 552 ： 吸收板 553 ： 吸收板 556 ： 吸收板 557 ： 吸收板 562 ： 前板 564 ： 鉸鏈 572 ： 背板 574 ： 鉸鏈 600 ： 吸收板 610[0] :底層 610[1:4]： 電阻性薄膜層 620 ： 低損耗間隔物 630 ： 堅韌外皮 700 ： 閘門天線結構 710 : 金屬接地平面 720 ： 閘門讀取器天線系統 732 ： 發泡間隔物 736 ： 發泡間隔物 740 ： 堅韌外皮 17, 1 " as at the door. The rFIE) gate system performs reading when the pallet passes through the RnD gate system. It is clear that the design goal is to completely read all the stickers & tags that are carried in the pallet, without reading any items other than the pallet. However, the f absorber treatment must be designed in a manner that does not affect the desired illumination of the pallet. In order to achieve this goal, we must first understand the signals that need to be absorbed and do not need to be absorbed. The desired signal is very noticeable because it propagates outward from the reader antenna towards the pallet. The undesired signals that need to be absorbed are from the spurs of the reader antenna and the plate scatter. It should be noted that the scattering from the pallet may be very significant, especially when the pallet is covered with a large metal structure. Since the gate system must function well under all circumstances, we must assume that the pallet scattering is very significant. Thus, the door reader system must be surrounded by a structure that reflects and/or absorbs such a plate before it is scattered to illuminate the surrounding area. Therefore, such a structure must have a reasonable size to surround the support. As many sides as possible, and containing enough absorber to attenuate unwanted signals outside the structure of the door. The desired signal directly illuminates the pallet directly in front of the reader antenna of the gate system. The radiation level of the gate system is limited by the regulatory body, so the presence of the absorption plate will inevitably lower the desired signal level. To mitigate this negative impact, the absorber should not be placed close to the gate array antenna. , best = install the gate reader antenna in front of a reflective metal plate, so that the back radiation from the gate read the 200847526 antenna is reflected toward the pallet to enhance the illumination of the pallet. In accordance with a top plan view of a gate structure 500 in accordance with a fourth embodiment of the present invention, the gate structure 500 has reader antennas 510 and 520 with reflectors 530 and 540, respectively, on the back. The dual antennas 510 and 520 on the two sides of the gate structure 500 form a reader network to provide better coverage of the channel space between the two sides of the gate structure 500. The figure shows that the pallet 130 is moving through the channel space. The lines 510 and 520 are similar to the array antennas shown in Fig. 3A. The absorption plates 553 and 557 are disposed on the same side of the gate structure 500 as the antenna 510. The exposed reflector 530f is located directly behind the antenna 510. A portion of the exposed portion of the reflector 530 is used to reflect the back radiation of the antenna 510 to the channel space. Similarly, the absorber plates 552 and 556 are disposed on the same side of the gate structure 500 as the antenna 520, exposing the reflector 540. The portion is located directly behind the antenna 520. The exposed portion of the reflector 540 is used to reflect the back radiation of the antenna 520 to the channel space. The absorption plates 553, 557, 552, and 556 absorb the scattered RFID signal. The size depends on the size of the pallet 130 to which the gate structure 500 is suitable. In addition to the side absorbing panels 553, U 557, 552 and 556, the gate structure may also include a front panel 562 and a back panel 572. The front panel 56 2 can be opened by a hinge 564, or simply pushed away as a lightweight flexible material, as is the backing plate 572 on the hinge 574, allowing the pallet 130 to move into and out of the passage space. The front panel 562 and Each of the backing plates 572 can be either reflective or absorptive, depending on whether a particular application is irradiated or interfered with. The gate structure 500 can also have a top plate (not shown) and a backplane (not shown). Both the top plate and the bottom plate may be reflective, absorptive, or both reflective and absorptive, and may even include an antenna system. In summary, the processing plates are 12 200847526 front plates, back plates, The top or bottom plate ~ isolates the channel space from its surroundings. The gate structure 5 shown in Fig. 5 is not required to be able to cope with extremely harsh environments, including large and heavy pallets, pallet handlers, stackers, and the like. The absorbing plates 553, 557, 552 and 556 must be made of a material having a good structure. Most commercial absorbers cannot withstand such a situation. One way to solve this problem is to use a durable cover to protect these commercial absorbent bodies. Another way is to find a more suitable material and structure. Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of an exemplary absorbent panel 6 having a five-layer structure. A bottom layer 61 〇 [〇] is a thin metal sheet or metal film which is covered with a sturdy outer skin (not shown) on the back surface. The bottom layer 61 〇 [〇] can be adhered to the reflection plates 530 and 540 of the shutter structure 500 shown in Fig. 5. Each of the layers 610 [1:4] is a resistive film separated by a low loss spacer 620. In the exemplary absorber sheet 6, the resistance values of the resistive film layers 610 [1:4] are represented as 247, 575, 1150 and U50 ohms/square, respectively. The low loss spacer 62 has a thickness of tantalum and can be made of a foam or any other material having a dielectric constant very close to free space. A pair of RF transparent tough outer skin 630 is adhered to the top resistive film layer 61 〇 [4]. In fact, the initial sheath 630 can cover the entire absorbent panel 6 as a protective layer. For example, the knives skin 630 can be made of ABS plastic. The simulation has confirmed that the absorbing plate 6 极 works extremely well at rfID frequency and incident angle of + Λ 60 degrees, which is most suitable for gate applications. Those skilled in the art will also be aware of various variations of the absorbing panel, such as varying the number of layers and the associated resistance or the thickness of the spacer 62. Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view of a gate antenna structure 700. The gate antenna structure 700 includes a metal ground plane 71〇, a plurality of absorber plates 6〇〇, a gate reader antenna system 720, a plurality of foam spacers 732, and 736 and a tough outer skin 740 that covers the entire gate antenna 13 200847526 structure 700 and is transparent to RF. The gate reader antenna 72A may have a bevel radiator arranged in a two-array format as shown in Fig. 3A. Since the gate reader antenna 720 is designed to operate in free space rather than operating relative to the ground plane or absorber, it is preferably disposed by spacer 732 about three feet from the metal ground plane 710. The gate reader antenna 72 辐 radiates a signal both in the forward direction and in the back direction. If the pitch is approximately 3 〃, the back-illuminated signal will be reflected by the metal ground plane 710 and tend to phase add to the forward radiated signal to illuminate the pallet (not shown) in front of the gate antenna structure 700. Therefore, the method will provide much greater pallet illumination power, which should be particularly stimulating for the labeling items present in the pallet. As shown in Figure 3A, array antenna 31 provides polarization diversity as well as spatial diversity. Absorber plate 600 absorbs undesired signals reflected from the pallet and also prevents direct radiated signals from leaking out of the gate structure (not shown). It should be noted that the structure shown in Fig. 7 represents a side wall including, for example, the reflection plate 530, the antenna 51, and the absorption plates 553 and 557. Since the gate structure must be able to withstand the turbulence associated with such warehouse applications, the entire structure must be made to be extremely durable to withstand external shocks. As shown in Fig. 6, the absorbing plate 600 has been made to have a good structure. The gate reading piano antenna 720 must also be made to have similar durability. This is accomplished by mounting the proposed inter-reader antenna 720 in the hair above the exposed portion of the metal ground plane 71, the door spacers 732 and 736. At the RHD frequency, the thickness of the foamed spacer 732 should be approximately 3". Another foamed spacer 736 is then attached to the top of the gate reader antenna 720. Finally, the gate antenna structure 700 is sealed with a tough, thin and RF transparent outer skin to provide an external protection against any wear shock. 200847526 In typical warehouse applications, the gate antenna structure 7〇〇 can be approximately 4〃 to 5" thick, 5呎() to 12’ high and 3, to 1〇 wide. Due to the material used in its construction, it will be a relatively light weight structure to its size. The crucible is permanently mounted to a fixed structure or mounted on wheels for easy movement back and forth. The gate structure 5A formed by the gate antenna panel 700 can have a sensor for detecting that the pallet is approaching or leaving. The sensors are used to control a reader system of the gate structure such that the reader system reads the labeling item within the pallet only during the time the pallet is in the gate structure. This is necessary because the pallets outside the gate will tend to scatter the rFID signal in the surrounding area and cause significant environmental label clutter, which is unacceptable. The gate sensor signal is either directly input to the reader system or input to a system control computer. In either case, all of the label items in the reader are substantially removed before the pallet enters the gate. The reader then reads the label item until the pallet leaves the gate. In this manner, the gate reader system concentrates on the labeling items within the pallet and minimizes mis-reading of the labelled items placed near the gate structure but not on the pallet. With this method, the proposed gate structure can read the labeling items in the pallet close to 100%, and minimally read the labeling items that are not present on the pallet, and this is the design of the design. The goal is. The above description provides many different embodiments or embodiments for implementing different features of the invention. To assist in the clarification of the invention, specific embodiments of the various components and methods are set forth. The present invention is intended to be limited only by the scope of the claims. The present invention has been shown and described herein as being embodied in the form of one or more specific examples. It is within the scope and scope of equivalents of the scope of the invention and the scope of the invention. Accordingly, the scope of the accompanying claims is to be construed broadly in the scope of the scope of the invention as described in the appended claims. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in FIG. The concept of the components and the operation of the system and the system provided by the present invention will become more apparent by reference to the exemplary embodiments of the accompanying drawings. If it appears in more than one view, it identifies the same element. The invention will be better understood by reference to one or more of these drawings in conjunction with the description herein. It should be noted that the features shown in the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale. Figure 1 illustrates a conventional RFID reader having a horn antenna; Figure 2 illustrates a basic array antenna for transmitting a radio frequency identification (RFID) signal to a pallet in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention; 3A illustrates an improved RHD array antenna according to a second embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 3B illustrates an improved RFID array antenna of FIG. 3A for reading a pallet; and FIG. 4 illustrates a third according to the present invention. One embodiment of the R; FID array antenna system is provided with an absorption plate in the vicinity thereof; FIG. 5 is a plan view of a gate structure according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention, the gate structure having a reader with a reflector on the back Antenna; 16 200847526 Figure 6 illustrates an exemplary absorption plate having a five-layer structure; and Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view of a gate array antenna structure. [Major component symbol description] 110: Rao-eight antenna 120: RFID reader 130: Pallet 210: Array antenna 215: Array 310: Modified array antenna 320: Array 325: Radiator 330: Array 335: Radiator 400: RFID array antenna system 410: Absorber 420: RFID signal 430: Undesired reflected signal 500: Gate structure 510 · Reader antenna 520: Reader antenna 530: Reflector 540: Reflector 552: Absorb Plate 553 : Absorbing plate 556 : Absorbing plate 557 : Absorbing plate 562 : Front plate 564 : Hinge 572 : Back plate 574 : Hinge 600 : Absorbing plate 610 [0] : Bottom layer 610 [1:4]: Resistive film layer 620 : Low loss spacer 630 : Tough skin 700 : Gate antenna structure 710 : Metal ground plane 720 : Gate reader antenna system 732 : Foam spacer 736 : Foam spacer 740 : Tough skin 17