TW200839731A - Thermal control for LED backlight - Google Patents

Abstract

A backlighting system comprising: a controller; at least one luminaire comprising a plurality of LEDs; and at least one thermal sensor in communication with the controller, the controller being operative to control the luminance of the at least one luminaire responsive to the at least one thermal sensor. Preferably, the control of the luminance comprises: in the event that a temperature indication responsive to an output of the at least one thermal sensor is greater than a first pre-determined maximum, reducing the luminance of at least one of the at least one luminaire.

Description

200839731 IX. Invention Description: [Reference reference materials for related applications]

This application claims that on December 7th, 2006, the name of the invention of the 妲 此 此 日 日 日 日 日 日 日 日 二 二 二 二 二 二 二 二 二 二 二 二 二 二 二 二 二 二 二 二 二 二 二 二 美国 美国 美国 美国 美国 美国 美国 美国 美国Here, the way to rely on the _ special shot of the entire content. [Technical field to which the invention pertains]

The present invention relates to the field of the light-emitting diode Zhaoming toe, the moon, and more particularly, 'there is a kind of prevention against a JP#) y ^ ^ [the hand of the heat in the sequel [ Prior Art] Light-emitting diodes (Fig. and especially high-intensity and medium-intensity LED strings are widely and widely used in illumination equipment. LEDs with full high brightness can be used for monitoring including backlights based on liquid crystal displays (LCDs). And in many applications of televisions (hereinafter collectively referred to as a matrix display). In a large LCD matrix display, the LEDs are typically supplied in a series or series of series (10), thus sharing a common current. Supply - white backlight, through the use of two basic technologies - in the first technology, the use of - string or multiple strings, white light nLED, these white LEDs usually include - blue light with a light body, far disk The light body absorbs the blue light emitted by the It LED and emits white light. In the second technique t, one or more individual strings of colored LEDs are placed adjacently so that their combined light looks white light. Two strings of green LEDs are often used. Balance Each of a string of red and blue LEDs. 312XP/Invention Manual 縦)/97-02/96146435 5 200839731 f In any of the two techniques, the string of LEDs is located in a specific example On one or both sides of the matrix display, the light is expanded by a diffuser to appear behind the LCD. In another embodiment, the LEDs are located directly behind the LCD, and the light is diffused by a diffuser to avoid hot spots. In the case of a color LED, a mixer is additionally required to ensure that the colors of the color LEDs are not individually viewed, but the colors are mixed [rib = light / white light provided, wherein the mixer may be the diffuser A knife " Haiguang's white point is an important factor for control, and the efforts to make the sigma sigma sigma focus on the need for a correct white point. . The intensity of each string of the LED color string is controlled by both amplitude modulation (ΑΜ) and pulse width modulation (PWM) to achieve a total fixed sensation brightness. The fixed current of the led string is set to a value that is part of a white point correction procedure to set the white point produced by the different colored LED strings, and PWM is typically used to variably control the overall brightness of the monitor without affecting The white point is balanced. Accordingly, the current is held stationary under pulsation to maintain the white point between the different colored LED strings, and the PWM duty cycle is controlled to dim or brighten the backlight by adjusting the average current. It is best to step in and modify the cycle of each color to dimension m points in response to the color sensor. The color sensor is configured to receive the white light and, therefore, maintain a one-color dream control feedback loop. It is noted that different colored LEDs age at different rates or decrease their turns into a function of current. Therefore, the PWM duty cycle of each color must be modified over time to maintain the white point. In the case of using a single & LED like white light, a phase 312XP / invention manual (supplement) / 97-02/96146435 6 200839731 is provided, however, only the total brightness is controlled to Responding to a light detection community. It is noted that as the monochromatic LEDs age, their brightness is reduced as a function of current. In addition, their brightness is reduced as a function of LED temperature. An LCD matrix is not || The known problem is dynamic blur. One cause of dynamic blurring is that the reaction time of the LCD is limited, and in addition, the lcd exhibits sampling and retention characteristics. Therefore, f is delayed from the time the person writes the (four) pixel until the image changes. Furthermore, since each of the scans writes the parent pixel \ and then, each pixel is held until the next two scans, smooth dynamics are not possible. Eyes pay attention to the image in the wrong position until the next sample' and interpret this as blur or smear. This problem is solved by a scanning backlight in which the matrix display is horizontally divided into a plurality of regions, and the backlight of each region is illuminated for a short period of time in synchronization with the writing of the image. Ideally, just after the pixel reaction time, the backlight of the area is illuminated and the illumination is maintained for a predetermined illumination frame time. A scanning backlight for a matrix display is proposed in the International Patent Publication No. WO 2005/1 1 1976, issued to Fisekovic et al. The whole content. A sensing signal is provided in response to the plurality of illumination sources, wherein the sensing signal is sampled at different times in conjunction with the scanning period. Therefore, a single sensor responds to a plurality of illumination sources. Unfortunately, when the performance of the optical spacer is improved, thereby improving the scanning backlight and the operation of the matrix display, the single sensing will not fully receive the 312XP/invention specification (supplement) from the adjacent active area. /97-02/96146435 7 200839731 Light. "2: Γη: US Patent No. 6, 411, 046 issued to Singa, No. 6, 411, 046, which proposes to measure the color coordinates of each (10) light 1 at different temperatures and store the color coordinates. The expression is a function of the temperatures, the equations for the color coordinates as a function of temperature, the color coordinates and the lumen output portion of the line, and the color calculated according to the: the lumen output portion controls the #(10) <Light output and color to control the light output and color of the LED in the y luminaire, where the entire content is incorporated herein by reference. The above-mentioned patent issued to Muthu represents one of a plurality of closed loop techniques known in the art for controlling color. For example, Nana! The other (four) taught in EP 1067825, issued to Targetti on the 1st of the month, includes the direct detection of the light by a plurality of (four) light detections, and the provision of a second feedback means that compares the detections * and -敎 expected light:: The optical driver is tuned to minimize the difference between the detected light and the desired pupil. In any of the above closed loop feedback techniques, it is noted that led presents - a negative temperature coefficient with respect to brightness. Therefore, as the temperature increases, the brightness of the LEDs decreases. The closed loop feedback technique of the skill technology ::: The fixed current or a pulse width modulation duty cycle to compensate for this: II. Unfortunately, this increase in fixed current or duty cycle in response to the riser temperature causes still need to increase by a total of two or two constant currents or duty cycles. Therefore, in the conventional skill closed loop feed technology *f ' maintains - will cause the 相关 塾 out of control of the fixed correlated color temperature and bright 312XP / invention manual (supplement) /97-02/96146435 Ο 200839731 degrees. A reduction in the redundancy caused by the /JHL degree is slightly improved by a negative temperature coefficient with respect to the forward voltage drop of the LED. Therefore, by the reduction of the forward voltage drop • • The power consumption of the LED towel caused by the increase in the current of the micro-flat (4). In the case where the absolute value of the negative temperature coefficient of the shell is greater than the absolute value of the forward voltage drop temperature coefficient, thermal runaway may occur, thereby causing the LED to burn out. What is needed and what is not provided by the prior art is a means for preventing thermal runaway in an LED backlight system. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, it is a primary object of the present invention to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art. The present invention provides a backlight system that presents a plurality of lighting fixtures that are optimally disposed in a plurality of horizontally disposed regions. In one embodiment, each of the lighting fixtures includes a led string that can combine a plurality of colors that produce white light. In another embodiment, each lighting fixture is constructed of a single color LED (which is a white LED). An optical spacer is provided at any additional level to limit any light spillage from a region to an adjacent region. Further provided are at least two thermal sensors, the number of thermal sensors preferably being less than the number of regions. In an exemplary embodiment, a thermal sensor is provided for the upper and lower regions. Controlling to receive temperature readings from the thermal sensors is operable to compare the temperature readings to a maximum temperature. In the event that the temperature has reached or exceeded the maximum temperature and assuming that the temperature has not exceeded a threshold, the brightness of the LEDs is reduced to reduce power consumption and total temperature. In a specific example of 312XP/Invention Manual (Supplement)/97-02/96146435 9 200839731, the reduction in brightness results in a first-rate reduction in fixed current through the LEDs, and in another embodiment, the reduction in brightness results in a reduction Delete the work cycle. In the case of a colored LED, the correlated color temperature is maintained. In one embodiment, the controller calculates the temperature of each of the lighting fixtures of the lighting fixtures, and in another instance, the controller directly uses the input temperature.

The present invention provides a backlight system comprising: a controller; at least one lighting fixture 'comprising a plurality of LEDs; and at least a thermal sensor coupled to the controller, the controller being operable to control the at least one illumination The brightness of the appliance should be at least one thermal sensor. In a specific example, the control of: f includes: reducing at least one of the at least one lighting fixture in a case where the temperature ▲ reading of the output of the at least one thermal sensor is greater than a first predetermined maximum value The brightness of the lighting fixture. Additional features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description and claims. For a better understanding of the present invention and the disclosure of the present invention, reference should be made to the accompanying drawings. The present invention has been described with particular reference to the drawings, which are illustrated by way of example and only for the purpose of the description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are believed to be the most useful and can be readily understood. Narrative and present these characteristics. In view of the above, it is not intended to be more detailed than the basic knowledge required to show the structural details of the present invention, and the description of the drawings will make it obvious to those skilled in the art how to make 2 312 χ ρ / invention description (repair) /97-02/96146435 1〇200839731 Several forms of the invention are implemented. [Embodiment] This specific example enables a backlight system to be m ^ , and a plurality of brothers and a plurality of bundles are preferably arranged in a water-light configuration. In the oyster ^ Gandan system, the illuminating device of the 箄 之 之 包括 包括 包括 照明 照明 照明 照明 照明 照明 照明 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 In the specific example of the biliary armor of the other - _1 light multi-color, the mother is a clear-cut and 丄 旱 旱 、 、 、, address 1 ..., the month is a monochromatic LED (preferably white First LED). Any additional level of light overflow from the - area to an adjacent area is provided at any additional level: the field is limited to two thermal sensors, and the step of the Miyazaki test is provided at least. Ten pairs of upper and lower areas provide - thermal sensing - the controller receives the thermal sensing from the comparison to compare the temperature readings with - the most = number and the heart of the gentleman, W # take the big / dish . At this temperature, the temperature is reduced or the temperature is reduced and the temperature is reduced. In a specific example, the reduction of brightness, the length of the gamma, the gamma, the gamma, the gamma, the enthalpy, the enthalpy, the enthalpy, the gamma, the gamma, the gamma, the gamma, the gamma In the case of the color I 叩 .θ ^ ^ color LED, the correlated color temperature is maintained. In the example, the controller calculates the temperature of each of the illumination devices of the lighting fixtures, and enters the temperature at the other one. In the system, the controller directly uses the system description to describe that one is present at a level. The configuration is ^^^田式月先, however, this is by no means a limitation. The present invention can be equally applied to a non-defective and non-study type, first to enable the illuminator 312XP/invention specification (complement ())/97-02/96146435 11 200839731 having a backlight located on the "terminal" or "side" of the matrix display and a backlight for arranging the lighting fixtures, and prior to describing at least one specific example of the present invention, The application of the invention is not limited to the following description or "parts of the drawings". The invention can be applied to other specific examples or in a different manner. The words and terms used herein are used for the purpose of description and should not be considered as limiting.

FIG. 1 depicts a scanning block diagram of a matrix display for a matrix display according to the prior art, and the scanning backlight configuration 1 〇 is represented by a plurality of horizontal arrangement regions and between the regions The optical backlight. The scanning backlight configuration 10 includes: a matrix display _ 2 〇, which is divided into a plurality of light-emitting regions by a plurality of optical spacers 35 〇 'each of the light-emitting regions 3 包括 includes an illumination An appliance 4〇, a thermal sensor 5〇, and a color sensor, a plurality of color managers 70, each of the color managers 7 is associated with a specific illumination area 3〇; and a The controller 75. Each lighting fixture 40 is composed of at least one LED string 8〇. In an exemplary embodiment, the at least one LED string 8 includes a red LED string, a blue LED string and a green LED. The thermal sensor 5〇 can be configured to output a signal of the temperature of the LED of the reactive makeup 40 or can be configured to output a signal that reflects a predetermined position associated with each of the lighting fixtures 40. Color manager 70 is connected to receive the relevant heat The output and connection of the sensor 50 and the color sensor 60 are used to control the driving signal of the associated viscous state 40. Each color manager 7 further receives an illumination signal from the controller 75. 312ΧΡ/ Invention specification (supplement) /97-02/96146435 12 200839731 and two: Γ color manager 70 should be related to the thermal sensor 50 = two senses 60 to control the lighting device 4 LE LE D (four) drive: An appropriate color balance is maintained. The optical spacers are used to limit the illumination of each of the fixtures to the specific illumination area 30. In an exemplary embodiment, the crystal (FET) is electrically switched.夂τη 1家琢>文包

The LED string 80, as well as pulse width modulation by the FET::I, is maintained in order to maintain the appropriate color: kilo-scale. The controller 75 is operative to cause the illumination of each of the first regions of the illumination regions 3 to be synchronized with the full scan and update of the matrix display 2G via the associated color manager 70. The scanning backlight arrangement 10 is operable to maintain a uniform uniform color throughout the mother-lighting region of the illumination region, however, each illumination region 30 requires an individual color sensor, thermal sensor, and color. Managers are expensive. 2A depicts a high level block diagram of a scanning backlight arrangement 100 in accordance with the teachings of the present invention, in which a single color sensor 60 and two: thermal sensor 50 are provided, the thermal sensors and particular lighting fixtures. Associated. The light-emitting backlight configuration 100 includes a matrix display 12A, which is divided into a plurality of light-emitting regions 3A by a plurality of learning partitions 35, each of the light-emitting regions includes a lighting fixture 4; a color management 13: and a controller 140. Each lighting fixture 4 is constructed of at least one lED string 8〇. In an exemplary embodiment, the at least one UD string 8A includes: a red LED string, a blue LED string, and a green LED string. The at least one illuminating area 30 is provided with a color sensor 6 〇 and at least two illuminating devices 4 〇 312XP / invention manual (supplement) / 97-02 / 96146435 13 200839731 - each lighting fixture is provided with a thermal sensor 5 . In an exemplary bean example, two thermal sensors 50 are provided, the first thermal sensor 5 providing information about the LED string 8 of the lighting fixture 4 associated with the upper illumination region 30. And the second thermal sensor 50 provides temperature information about the LED string 80 of the lighting fixture 40 associated with the lower lighting zone: 3〇. The color content sensor 60 is configured to provide optical sensing information from a particular one of the light emitting regions 3, and in a specific example, from a light emitting region 30 configured with a thermal sensor 50. Optical sensing information, however, does not in any way limit. In another specific example (not shown), a color sensor 6 is disposed in a light-emitting area 30 having a configuration-thermal sensor 50. The scanning backlight configuration 100 is described as having a thermal sensing n 5 配置 disposed in an upper illuminating region 3 〇 and a lower illuminating region 30, which is in no way a limitation. The temperature sensor 50 can be provided to other illuminating regions (10) and not provided in the upper or lower illuminating regions 3 without exceeding the scope of the present invention. In another specific example (not shown), an additional thermal sensor 5 is provided. Preferably, sufficient lighting fixtures 40 are selected to accommodate the thermal sensors 5A to approximate the temperature of the LED strings 80 in all of the lighting fixtures as further described below. The color manager 130 is coupled to receive the output of each of the thermal sensors 5 and the output of the color sensing thief 60. The color manager j is further coupled to control a drive signal for each of the lighting fixtures, receive an illumination signal from the controller 140, and transmit temperature information received from the thermal sensor 5 to the controller 140. In operation, the color manager 130 is responsive to at least two thermal sensors 312XP/invention manual (supplement)/97-02/96146435 14 200839731 5 and the color sensor 60 to control-and such illumination Each of the LED strings 80 of the appliance 40 is driven by a drive signal. In a specific example, the processor 130 calculates each of the illuminators that do not have a thermal sensor 50 and 40's temperature and generation-control signals to respond to the temperature. In an exemplary and physical calculation, the calculation includes interpolating (assuming a linear relationship) of the temperature of each of the lighting fixtures according to the position of the temperature sensors 5〇 (assuming a linear relationship) In the specific example, the relationship is determined according to the design of the monitor and the thermodynamics of the physical layout. In yet another specific example, the relationship is determined based on actual measurements of ▲ ^ or = production or work samples. In response to the provincial and other estimates of the temperature and the input of the actual temperature measurement of the thermal sensor 5, the color manager 130 calculates the color coordinates of each of the LED strings 80 of each of the lighting fixtures. In response to the color sensing input and the color of the color coordinates described above, the 130 series operation is performed to calculate an appropriate driving signal for each of the LED strings 80 of each of the lighting fixtures for the matrix display. Each photo shows a uniform color balance. In particular, the drive signals for each particular color UD string 8 of different lighting fixtures 40 may be different and are individually determined. The illumination of each of the lighting fixtures 4 is limited to a particular illumination area 3 by optical spacers 35. In an illustrative embodiment, each LED string 80 is controlled by an electronically controlled switch such as a field effect transistor (FET), and the LED string 80 is pulse width modulated via the FET to maintain the proper color balance. . In a specific example, the LED strings 80 are preselected to be sufficiently uniform so that the only substantial difference in color output between the LED strings 80 of different lighting fixtures is the temperature difference 312XP/invention specification (supplement)/97-02 /96146435 15 200839731 :: Fruit. In another specific example, it is preferred to measure during the initial calibration phase: the illumination of the second! 0 is used as the part of the manufacturing process. The values are stored in the color*sq 13G towel for use in (4) Although the driving signal is controlled by color per-led _ 8 〇. Therefore, the = color sensor 60 is simultaneously matched with at least two thermal sensors 5 〇, and all of the scanning backlight configuration i 00 is made by & The color of the coffee (four).

The controller 140 is operable to enable each of the illuminations ... 40 ' via the color manager (10) to synchronize the illumination of each of the illumination regions (10) with the entire scan and update of the matrix display 120. Therefore, the scanning backlight configuration 1GG is operable to maintain a fixed color throughout each of the light emitting regions 3(), and does not require a different color sensor and heat for each of the light emitting regions 3〇 Sensor. A specific example of providing a single color sensor 6A has been described above, however, this is by no means a limitation. The invention is equally applicable to a specific example of providing more than one color sensor 60. In the case where a plurality of color sensors 6 are provided, the average of the color sensors can be used. In another case, a first color sensor 60 can be used to control the color of the first plurality of illumination regions 30 (including the illumination region having the first color sensor 6〇), and a The two color sensors 6 are configured to control the color of the first plurality of light emitting regions 30 (including the light emitting regions having the second color sensors 6 〇). Therefore, the matrix display 120 can be subdivided into a suitable number of groups according to the number of color sensors 6〇, and each can be used.

A color sensor' is used to control one or more of the illumination regions 30 in the group. X 312XP/Invention Manual (Supplement)/97-02/96146435 16 200839731 A specific example of providing two thermal sensors 50 has been described above, however, this is by no means a limitation. The present invention is equally applicable to a specific example in which two or more thermal sensors 50 are provided. The temperature of the LED string 80 in the light-emitting region 3A where the thermal sensor 50 is not present is calculated based on the thermal sensor 50 provided by the light-emitting region 30. The individual thermal sensors 5A are used to determine the temperature of the associated LED string 80 of the lighting fixture 40 provided with the thermal sensor 50. 2B depicts a high level block diagram of a scanning backlight configuration 200 in accordance with one of the principles of the present invention, wherein a single color sensor 6A and two thermal sensors 50 are provided, the thermal sensors being fixed in opposite directions These lightings are in the forefront position. The scanning backlight configuration 200 includes a matrix display 120, and is divided into a plurality of light-emitting regions 30 by a plurality of optical spacers 35. Each of the light-emitting regions 30 includes a lighting fixture 4; The manager 130; and a controller 140. Each of the illuminators 40 is constructed of at least one LED string 80 and the lighting fixtures 4 are affixed to a frame 210. In an exemplary embodiment, the at least one LED string 80 includes a red LED string, a blue LED string, and a green lED string. At least one of the illumination areas 3 is provided with a color sensor 6 〇 and at least two temperature sensors 50 are provided for fixing to predetermined positions relative to the plurality of luminaires 40. In an exemplary embodiment, two thermal sensors 50 are provided, the first thermal sensor 50 providing temperature information associated with the area above the frame 21 and the second thermal sensor 50 providing information about the frame 21〇 Temperature information for the area below. The color sensor 60 is configured to provide optical sensing information from a specific one of the light emitting regions 30, in a specific example, from a light emitting region 3 configured with a thermal sensor 5〇 312XP/Invention Manual (Repair)/97·02/96146435 17 200839731 For optical sensing information, however, this is by no means a limitation. In another specific example (not shown), the color sensor 60 is disposed in a light-emitting area where no thermal sensor 5 is disposed. The scanning backlight configuration 2 is described as having a thermal sensing state 50 disposed in the upper region of the frame 210 and in the region below the frame 21, however, this is by no means a limitation. The temperature sensor 5A can be provided in other areas of the frame 210 and not provided in the upper or lower area without departing from the scope of the present invention. In another specific example (not shown), provided

External jaw thermal sensor 50. Preferably, a sufficient area is selected to accommodate the heat 50 to approximate the temperature of the LED string 80 in all of the illumination zones as will be further explained below. Color manager 130 is coupled to receive the output of each of thermal sensor 5's output and receive color sensor 60. The color manager 13 is further connected to control the transfer of each -4G, receive an illumination signal from the controller 1-40, and transmit the temperature-receiving signal received from the thermal sensor 5 to the controller 140. . In operation, the color manager 13 should return 5 y, y, and the color sensor 60 to control a drive signal associated with each of the LED strings 8G of the lighting fixtures 4A. In a specific example, color manager 130 calculates the approximate temperature of each lighting fixture 4 and generates a ## to respond to the temperature. In an exemplary embodiment, the temperature is interpolated according to the position of the temperature sensor 50 to the temperature of the device. In another exemplary embodiment, the relationship between the design of the monitor and the physical layout of the physical structure I χ μ and the engraving as " / to determine the relationship. In yet another example, according to one or more production or The actual measurement of the engineering image 130 depends on the 312XP/invention specification (supplement)/97-02/96146435 18 200839731. The relationship should be calculated, and the color manager 13 calculates each LED string of each lighting fixture 40. The color coordinates of 80. The response color sensing H6 input and the above calculated color coordinate color manager 130 are operated to calculate an appropriate driving signal for each of the lighting devices 4以便 for the matrix display Each of the lighting fixtures 40 achieves a uniform color balance. The illumination of each of the lighting fixtures 40 is limited by the optical partition 35 to the -light area/in the exemplary embodiment. By controlling the power of a transistor (10), the switch controls each (10) string of 8 turns, and performs pulse width modulation via the pair of (10) strings to maintain the proper color balance. In one example, Preselecting these LED strings 80 as charging The average sentence is divided so that the only substantial difference in color output between the LED strings 80 of the appliance 40 is the result of temperature differences. In another embodiment, it is preferred to measure each-to-last 80 during the initial correction phase. The illumination output is used as the part of the manufacturing process: 'and the values are stored in the color manager 13A so that the appropriate drive signal can be used to control each color in color. Because of this 0', = The single color sensor 6 〇 simultaneously cooperates with at least two thermal sensors 5 〇 以 工 扫描 扫描 扫描 工 工 工 工 工 工 工 控制器 控制器 控制器 控制器 控制器 控制器 控制器 控制器 控制器 控制器 控制器 控制器 控制器 控制器 控制器 控制器 控制器 控制器 控制器 控制器 控制器 控制器 控制器 控制器 控制器The device 13 enables each of the illumination regions 3G to be scanned and updated in synchronization with each of the illumination regions. Therefore, the scanning monthly configuration 200 is operable to Each of the illuminating regions 3 发 发 : : : : : : : : : : : 维持 维持 维持 维持 维持 维持 312 312 312 312 312 312 312 312 312 312 312 312 312 312 312 312 312 312 312 312 312 312 312 312 Invention description (supplement) /97-02/96146435 19 200839731 Thermal sensor. The specific example of providing a single-color sensor 6A has been described above, however, this is by no means a limitation. The present invention is equally applicable to providing more than one color--color sensing II 60 In the case where a plurality of color sensors (9) are provided, the average of the color sensors can be used. In another case, the f-color sensor 60 can be used to control the first plurality of a light-emitting area 3 (K includes a light-emitting area having the light-emitting area of the first-color sensor 6G) and a second color sensor 60 may be used to control the second plurality of light-emitting areas 3 (including having the first The color % of the light-emitting area of the two color sensors. Thus, the matrix display 120 can be subdivided into an appropriate number of sets of color sensors depending on the number of color sensors 6 to control one or more of the groups. The two thermal sensors 5 have been described above. A specific example of this, however, this is by no means a limitation. The present invention is equally applicable to a specific example in which two or more thermal sensors 50 are provided. The temperatures of the L E D strings 8 计算 are calculated based on the inputs provided by the thermal sensors 5 及 and their relative positions relative to the luminaire 40 . 2C depicts a high level block diagram of a scanning backlight arrangement 300 in accordance with one of the principles of the present invention, wherein a plurality of lighting fixtures 31 are comprised of a string of white light LEDs or a plurality of strings of monochrome LEDs 320, and There is provided a single photodetector 303 and two thermal sensors 50 that are fixed at predetermined positions relative to the luminaires. The scanning backlight configuration 300 includes a matrix display 12A, which is divided into a plurality of light-emitting regions 30 by a plurality of optical spacers 35 312 χ / / invention manual (supplement) / 97-〇 2/96146435 20 200839731, the light-emitting regions 3 Each of the illumination areas includes a lighting fixture 310; a brightness controller 34A; and a controller 140. Each lighting fixture 310 is fixed in a frame 21A. ^) A light-emitting area 30 is provided with a photodetector 33A, and at least two temperature sensors 50 are provided for fixing at predetermined positions with respect to the plurality of lighting fixtures 31A. In an exemplary embodiment, two thermal sensors 5 are provided, and the first thermal sensor 50 provides a 3 hole and a first thermal sensor 5 associated with the area above the frame 21〇. Provides temperature information about the area under the frame 2丨〇. The photodetector 33G is configured to provide optical sensing information from a specific one of the light emitting regions 30, and in a specific example, from a light emitting region 3 configured with a thermal sensor 5 Learning to sense information 'and 'this does not mean limitation. In another embodiment (not shown), the photodetector 330 is disposed in a light-emitting area in which a thermal sensor 5 is not disposed. The scanning backlight arrangement 3 is described as having a thermal sensor 50 disposed in the area above the frame 210 and in the area below the frame 21Q, however, this is by no means a limitation. The temperature sensor 5A can be provided in other areas of the frame 210 and not provided in the upper or lower area without departing from the scope of the present invention. In another embodiment (not shown), an external thermal sensor 50 is provided. Preferably, a sufficient area is selected to accommodate the click, so that the temperature of the LEDs 320 in all of the light-emitting areas 30 can be approximated as will be further explained below. A single photodetector 330 has been described above, however, this is by no means a limitation. In another embodiment, two illuminators are provided for each illuminating region 3: detector 3300 without departing from the scope of the invention. . 312XP/Invention Manual (Supplement y97_02/96146435 21 200839731 The brightness controller 340 is configured to receive the output of the photodetector 33〇 and the 14G system is configured to receive the output of each _thermal sensor. The 340 is further coupled to control the drive signal of each of the lighting fixtures 3π and receive the illumination signal from the controller 14G. Optionally, the truth controller 340 receives the thermal sensor from the controller: temperature information. In operation, the brightness controller 34G is responsive to the light detector 330 to control a drive signal associated with each string of monochrome (10) (four) of the lighting fixtures 310 to maintain a response to an illumination signal level from the controller 14 The total brightness. As further described below, the controller 14 operates to control the temperature component of the frame 210, and in the event that the temperature component has exceeded a maximum magical temperature but does not exceed a critical temperature, The brightness level is reduced by adjusting to the illumination signal level of the redundancy controller 340. In a specific example, the temperature component includes the location of the temperature sensor based on the temperature sensor The temperature of each of the luminaire luminaire Si 31〇

In the C case, 'based on the design of the monitor and the physical layout = sub = fixed _. In yet another embodiment, the relationship is determined based on actual measurements of one or more production or smuggling samples. In the case where the temperature component has exceeded the critical temperature, a lighting fixture 31 is turned off, and an overheating message is transmitted to a host (n. in response to a feedback signal from the illumination level detector that is rotated from the controller 140, The brightness controller 340 is operable = each of the monochromatic LEDs 32 of the Mingyi 4 310 generates an appropriate drive nickname to achieve a uniform brightness of the matrix display 12(). Preferably, by ^ 312XP / invention specification (complement ( ) ) / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / : an electronically controlled switch such as a field effect transistor (FET) to control each string of pixels 320, and pulse width modulation of each string of monochrome coffee (4) via the FET to maintain the proper balance. The single-light detection crying 330 is combined with at least two thermal sensors 5〇 to control the scanning backlight: the color of all the monochromatic LEDs 320 of 300.

The controller 140 is operative to enable each of the illumination devices 310 via the brightness controller 34 to synchronize the illumination of each of the illumination regions 3() with the full scan and update of the matrix display port 20.

A specific example of providing a single photodetector 33A has been described above, however, this is by no means a limitation. The invention is equally applicable to a specific example of providing more than one photodetector 330. In the case where a plurality of photodetectors 33 are provided, the average of the photodetectors 33 can be used. In another case, a first photodetector 33A can be used to control the color of the first plurality of illumination regions 30 (including the illumination region having the first photodetector 33), and a second can be used. The photodetector 33 is configured to control the color of the second plurality of light emitting regions 30 (including the light emitting regions having the second photodetectors 33). Thus, depending on the number of photodetectors 33, the matrix can be displayed as 120 subdivided into a suitable number of sets, and each photodetection state 330 can be used to control one or more of the illumination regions 3〇 in the set. Specific examples of providing two thermal sensors 5A have been described above, however, this is by no means a limitation. The invention is equally applicable to a specific example in which more than two thermal sensing 50 are provided. The temperature of the LEDs 320 of the lighting fixture 310 is calculated based on the input from the provided thermal sensor 5 312 XP / invention specification (supplement) / 97-02/96146435 23 200839731 and their relative position relative to the lighting fixture 310. 3A depicts the operation of the color manager 130 of FIG. 2A to control the color of the lighting fixture 40 for each of the illumination regions 30 in accordance with the color sensor 60 and the thermal sensor 50 in accordance with one aspect of the present invention. High level flow chart. In stage 1 000, the position of the body of the lighting fixture 40 having an associated thermal sensor 5 is input and the lighting fixture 40 that does not present a thermal sensor 5 is input and the thermal sensor 50 is provided. The actual relationship between the two. Thus, as shown above, 'providing at least two thermal sensors 5 〇, and stage 1 〇〇〇 further providing all of the positional information about the lighting fixtures 40 that do not provide the illumination area 30 of a thermal sensor 50 and their mutual relationship. In a specific example, as described above, the position of the body can calculate a linear relationship for all of the lighting fixtures 4 located between the lighting fixtures 40 provided with the thermal sensors. In another embodiment, the physical location further includes a predetermined thermal relationship between the illumination fixture 4 and the temperature of all other illumination fixtures 1-40 in the scanning backlight configuration 100. The predetermined relationship can be determined based on the design and the physical layout or based on actual measurements of one or more production or engineering samples. In an exemplary embodiment, thermal sensor 50 is provided in the lower and lower lighting fixtures 40 in the direction of normal heat flow. In the case where a plurality of 々 color sensors 60 are provided, their physical positions are entered and their relationship to each of the illuminating regions 30. / In ^^1 〇 10, the reading of each thermal sensor 50 is input, which is related to the LED temperature of a string 80 of the lighting fixtures associated with the thermal sensor 5A. In the optional stage 1〇2〇, an estimate is calculated for each lighting fixture that does not have a 312XP/invention specification (supplement)/97-02/96146435 200839731 thermal sensing state 50 illuminating zone 3〇. Calculate the temperature. In an exemplary embodiment, the calculation includes interpolation of the temperature of each of the lighting fixtures 4 that are located between the lighting fixtures 4 of the thermal sensor 50 (assuming a linear temperature relationship). In another embodiment, the thermodynamic relationship entered in stage 1000 is used to calculate the estimated temperatures. In stage 1 030, the illumination color from the color sensor 6 is input. In a specific example of providing a plurality of color sensors 60, each output is input and assigned to an area of the subgroup or averaged as described above. In stage 〇4〇, use the temperature reading entered in stage 1010, the optional estimated temperature calculated in stage 1〇2〇, and the illumination color entered in stage 1 030 to calculate each lighting fixture to be controlled. 40 color drive signal. In one embodiment, the lumen output portion and color coordinates associated with the LED light source of each LED string 80 are separately estimated from the input or calculated estimated temperature, and the response is determined from the input of color sensor 60. The signals are used to calculate the drive signals. In another embodiment, the phase is used to determine the driving signal for the lighting fixture 4 having the associated color sensor 60. The driving signals of the other lighting fixtures 40 are calculated to become the determining driving signals. And a function of the calculated temperature of each of the lighting fixtures. In stage 1050, the calculated drive signal is preferably 'adjusted to each LED string 80 of each lighting fixture 4' according to stage 1040. Each of the lighting fixtures 40 is controlled by a cycle. In an exemplary embodiment, the drive signals are output to become PWM control signals to enable and disable the LED strings. 312XP/Invention Manual (Repair) /97-〇2/96h6435 25 200839731 Figure 3B depicts the operation of the color manager 130 of Figure 2B to control according to the color sensor 6 and the temperature sensor $ A high-level process of coloring of the lighting fixture 40 for each of the illuminating regions 30. In stage 2000, the physical locations of the thermal sensors 50 are input, and the lighting fixture 40 is input and the thermal sensors are provided 5 The thermodynamic relationship between the days. In a specific example, as described above, the physical location makes it possible to have a linear temperature relationship calculated for all known people. It can be based on the design and physical layout or on one or more production or engineering samples. The thermostat relationship determines the thermodynamic relationship. In an exemplary embodiment, it is preferred to provide a thermal sensation in the upper and lower positions of the frame 210 fixed at a particular position relative to the plurality of lighting fixtures 4q in the normal heat flow direction. Measure = 50. In the case where a plurality of color sensors 60 are provided, their physical positions are entered and their relationship to each of the illuminating regions 30. In stage 2010, an input is received from each thermal sensing. Readings of the device 5 (In an optional phase 2020, an estimated temperature is calculated for each illumination cry 40 of a light-emitting region 3〇. In an exemplary embodiment, the: is located in the thermal sensors Interpolation of the temperature of each illumination crying device (assuming a linear temperature relationship). In another specific example; using the thermodynamic relationship entered in phase 2000 to calculate the estimated temperature • In stage 2030, the illumination color from color sensor 6 is input. In a specific example of providing a plurality of color sensors 60, each output is input and assigned to an area of the subgroup or averaged as described above. 'In the order: 312 ΧΡ / invention manual (supplement) / 97-02/96146435 26 200839731 2040 'Use the temperature readings entered in the stage 2〇i〇, the optional estimated temperature and stage in the stage 2020 The illumination color 'color' input in 2〇3〇 calculates a driving signal for controlling the color of each lighting fixture 40. In a specific example, the LEDs constituting each LED string 80 are estimated by estimating the temperature based on the calculation. The lumen output portion and color coordinates associated with the light source and the adjustment-reacting PWM signal from the input of color sensor 60 calculate the drive signals. In stage 2〇5〇, the drive signal is preferably controlled according to stage 2〇4〇 to adjust each lighting fixture 4〇 by adjusting the PWM duty cycle associated with each string 8〇 of each lighting fixture 4〇. In an exemplary embodiment, the drive signals are output as pWM control signals to enable and disable the LED string 80. Figure 4 depicts a high level flow diagram of the operation of control of 140 in any of Figures 2A-2C to prevent thermal runaway in accordance with one of the principles of the present invention. In stage 3000, the physical locations of the thermal sensors 5〇 are input, and the thermal (mechanical relationship) between the input illumination states 40 and 310 and the thermal sensors 5 are provided. In a specific example, As described above, this physical location enables a linear temperature relationship calculated for all of the lighting fixtures 40 and 310. The thermodynamic relationship can be determined based on the design and physical layout or based on actual measurements of one or more production or engineering samples. In an exemplary embodiment, the thermal sensor 50 is preferably provided in the upper and lower positions of the frame 21A fixed relative to the particular position of the plurality of lighting fixtures 40 and 310 in the normal heat flow direction. In stage 3010, a reading from each thermal sensor 5 is input. In optional stage 3020, for each illuminator 3 〇 each illuminator 312XP / invention specification (supplement) / 97-02 / 96146435 27 200839731 Calculate an estimated temperature with 40 and 310. In an exemplary embodiment, the calculation includes interpolation of the temperature of each of the lighting fixtures 40 and 310 between the thermal sensors 50 (hypothesis) One Linear temperature relationship). In another embodiment, the thermodynamic relationship entered in stage 3000 is used to calculate the estimated temperatures. In stage 3030, the temperature is compared to a maximum safe operating temperature. In an implementation stage 3010 In a specific example, the temperature of each of the lighting fixtures 40 and 310 is compared to the maximum safe operating temperature. In another embodiment, the temperature reading from the thermal sensor 50 is used directly. In yet another embodiment, Using a function of temperature reading from thermal sensor 50. In the event that the temperature is less than the maximum safe operating temperature, stage 3010 is preferably implemented again after a predetermined waiting time. In stage 3030, the temperature is not less than the maximum. In the case of a safe operating temperature, the temperature is compared to a critical temperature in stage 3040. In a specific example of implementation stage 3010, the temperature of each lighting fixture 40 and 310 is compared to the critical temperature. In the example, the temperature reading from the thermal sensor 50 is used directly. In yet another embodiment, a function of temperature reading from the thermal sensor 50 is used. In the case where the degree is greater than the critical temperature, at least one of the lighting fixtures 40 and 310 is turned off in stage 3060. In a preferred embodiment, all of the lighting fixtures 40 and 310 are turned off, and in another preferred embodiment, each One luminaire 40 and 310 are turned off, thereby reducing overall brightness by 50% and power loss. In stage 3070, an over temperature reading is sent to a host. In stage 3030, the temperature is less than the maximum safe operating temperature 312XP/ SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION (SUPPLEMENT) /97-02/96146435 28 200839731 'In the stage 3050, the brightness of the lighting fixtures 40 and 3i is reduced to reduce the power and power> and its total heat. In the specific shot, it is preferable to adjust the brightness level signal output by the device 14 to reduce the brightness by a predetermined f °. In another embodiment, it is preferable to adjust the output of the controller 14G. The level signal is used to reduce the brightness by a predetermined amount. The color temperature of the illuminator #4〇 is maintained in the case of the color LED string, and then the above stage 3010 is carried out. Thus, the present embodiment enables the backlight system to present a plurality of lighting fixtures that are optimally configured in a plurality of horizontally disposed areas. In the specific case, each of the special lighting fixtures is clearly visible - JLi Λ 兮 明 明 明 明 明 明 明 明 明 明 明 明 明 明 明 明 明 明 明 明 明 明 明 明 明 明 明 明 明 明 明In another embodiment, each of the lighting fixtures is comprised of a single color LED (preferably a white LED). The optical spacers are provided at any additional level to limit any light spillage from the -region to the adjacent regions. Further, at least two thermal sensors are provided, and the number of thermal sensors is preferably less than the number of regions. In the exemplary embodiment, for the upper region and the lower region. A thermal sensor. — A controller connects to &amp; temperature readings from the Yanhai #热感(九) and can compare the temperature readings to a maximum temperature. In the case where the temperature has reached: exceeding the maximum temperature and assuming that the temperature has not exceeded a critical value, 'reduce the brightness of the LEDs' to reduce power consumption and total temperature: in a specific example, the reduction in brightness leads to a first-class The reduction of the solid-current of the LEDs and, in another embodiment, the reduction in brightness results in a reduced duty cycle. In the case of a colored LED, the correlated color temperature is maintained. In one embodiment, the controller calculates the temperature of each of the lighting fixtures - illumination 312XP / invention specification (supplement) / 97-02/96146435 29 200839731, and in another embodiment, the controller is directly Use this input temperature. And (d) some of the features of the present invention that are clearly described in the context of the individual embodiments may be provided in combination. Conversely, various features of the invention are set forth in the <RTIgt; </ RTI> <RTIgt; </ RTI> <RTIgt; All technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention pertains, unless otherwise defined, although it may be similar or equivalent in the practice or testing of the present invention. The method described herein is described herein, but only the appropriate methods are described herein. All publications, patent applications, and other references herein are hereby incorporated by reference. In addition, the materials, methods, and examples are merely illustrative and are not intended to be limiting. Those skilled in the art will recognize that the invention is not limited to the above. And more particularly, the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and includes combinations and sub-combinations of the various features described above and those skilled in the art Modifications and modifications in the prior art. [FIG. 1] In the drawings, FIG. 1 depicts a high level f-block diagram of a scanning backlight configuration in accordance with one of the prior art techniques. The patterned backlight arrangement presents a plurality of horizontally disposed regions and optical spacers between the regions; κ 312 ΧΡ / invention specification (supplement) / 97 from / 9 (10) 30 200839731 FIG. 2A depicts a scanning backlight in accordance with one of the principles of the present invention A high level block diagram of a configuration in which a single color sensor and two thermal sensors are provided, the thermal sensors being associated with a particular lighting fixture; 'FIG. 2B depicting a "scanning" principle in accordance with the present invention A high level block diagram of a backlight configuration in which a single color sensor and two thermal sensing a are provided, the subtraction H being fixed at a predetermined position relative to the lighting fixtures; 'Figure 2C depicts a - a high-level block diagram of a scanning backlight configuration in which the lighting fixtures are composed of monochromatic LEDs like white light (10), and in which a single photodetector and two heaters are provided 'these thermal sensors The device is fixed in relation to the lighting fixtures; 'Figure 3A depicts the color manager of Figure 2A operating in accordance with one of the principles of the present invention to control each of the illumination regions in accordance with the color sensors and thermal sensors High level flow chart with color; FIG. 3A illustrates the operation of the color manager of FIG. 2 in accordance with one of the principles of the present invention to control the illumination of each illuminating region according to the color sensors and thermal sensors High level flow chart of color; and Figure 4 depicts a high level flow chart of the operation of the control person of any of Figures 2A to 2C to prevent thermal runaway in accordance with one of the principles of the present invention. 】 10 Scanning backlight configuration 20 Matrix display 30 Light-emitting area 312ΧΡ/Invention manual (supplement)/97-〇2/%146435 31 200839731

C 35 Optical Separator 40 Lighting Fixture 50 Thermal Sensor 60 Color Sensor 70 Color Manager 75 Controller 80 LED String 100 Scanning Backlight Configuration 120 Matrix Display 130 Color Manager 140 Controller 200 Scanning Backlight Configuration 210 Frame 300 Scanning Backlight Configuration 310 Lighting Fixture 320 Monochrome LED 330 Light Detector 340 Brightness Controller 312XP / Invention Manual (Supplement) /97-02/96146435 32

Claims (1)

200839731 X. Patent application scope: 1. A backlight system comprising: a controller; at least - (four) having 'including a plurality of UDs; and at least one thermal sensor connected to the controller, the controller Operating w:rs, wood to control the brightness of the at least one lighting fixture to return at least a thermal sensor, wherein the control comprises: - at least one of the temperature readings of the output of the thermal sensor is greater than - In the tenth month of the first predetermined maximum value, the brightness of the lighting fixture to at least one of the lighting fixtures is reduced. 2 · If the patent application scope is the first source system of the old country brother, the control of the brightness further includes: the temperature reading in the reaction uhai to the thermal sensing is greater than a second predetermined maximum In the case of a value, the at least the illuminator and the lighting fixture are disabled. 3. The f-light source system of claim 2, wherein the controller: the step-by-step operation to detect the output of the at least the thermal sensor is greater than the second predetermined maximum value In the case, transfer _ to a host. 4. The backlight system of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the controlling of the brightness further comprises: reacting - reacting the temperature reading of the at least one thermal sensor to be greater than the first-predetermined maximum In the case of a value, the brightness of the at least one illuminator lighting fixture is reduced. The backlight system of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the brightness is reduced by a predetermined amount. 312XP/Inventive Specification (Repair)/97-02/96146435. 6. The backlight system of any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the temperature reading comprises an interpolated temperature reading for each of the at least one lighting fixture. The backlight system of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein at least one thermal sensor of the at least one thermal sensor is associated with a particular lighting fixture of the at least one illumination appliance. 8. The backlight system of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the medium/to ν thermal sensor comprises a plurality of thermal sensors, each of the plurality of thermal sensors The device is fixed at a specific position relative to the at least one lighting fixture. 9. The backlight system of claim 8, wherein the at least one lighting fixture is fixed to a frame exhibiting the upper surface, and wherein the specific position of the thermal sensor of the plurality of thermal sensors is The phase/association of the frame. 10. The backlight system of claim 8, wherein the at least one lighting fixture comprises a plurality of lighting fixtures arranged horizontally and vertically, and wherein the thermal sensor of the plurality of thermal sensors is in a specific position Associated with one of the plurality of lighting fixtures stacked in the horizontal configuration. The backlight system of any one of claims 1 to 3 further includes a light sensor configured to receive light from the at least one lighting fixture and a photo sensor and The brightness control of the controller is 312 ΧΡ / invention manual (supplement) / 97-02/96146435 34 200839731 where the at least one lighting device is returned to the brightness controller, and wherein the brightness controller is operated The light sensor cooperates to maintain the brightness of the at least one lighting fixture to respond to the controller. 12. A method of backlighting, comprising providing at least one lighting fixture, the at least one lighting fixture comprising a plurality of LEDs; sensing a temperature component associated with the providing at least one lighting fixture and, at the sensing temperature component In the case of greater than a first predetermined maximum value, the brightness of the at least one lighting fixture providing the at least one lighting fixture is reduced. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising: disabling the at least one lighting fixture providing the at least one lighting fixture in the event that the sensing temperature component is greater than a second predetermined maximum value. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising: transmitting an over temperature reading in the event that the sensed temperature component is greater than the second predetermined maximum. The method of any one of claims 12 to 14, wherein the providing at least one lighting fixture comprises a plurality of lighting fixtures, and wherein the brightness of the at least one lighting fixture providing the at least one lighting fixture is reduced This includes reducing the brightness of all lighting fixtures that provide a plurality of lighting fixtures. 16. The method of any one of claims 12 to 14, wherein the brightness is reduced by a predetermined amount. 17. The method of any one of claims 12-14, wherein sensing a temperature component associated with the providing at least a xiaoming appliance into 312XP/invention specification (supplement)/97-02/96146435 35 200839731 The step includes interpolating a temperature component to at least one of the lighting fixtures. The method of any one of claims 12 to 14, wherein the sensing temperature component is associated with the particular lighting fixture that provides one of the at least one lighting fixture. The method of any one of claims 12 to 14, wherein the sensing temperature component comprises a plurality of sensing temperature components, each of the sensing temperature components being associated with a temperature component The providing a particular location of the at least one lighting fixture is associated. The method of any one of claims 12 to 14, further comprising: providing a frame, the frame exhibiting an upper surface; and fixing the providing at least one lighting fixture to the providing frame, wherein the sensing temperature The ingredients are associated with the top of the providing frame. The method of any one of claims 12 to 14, wherein the providing at least the lighting fixture comprises a plurality of lighting fixtures, the method further comprising: horizontally arranging and vertically stacking the plurality of lighting fixtures, And the middle=temperature component is associated with one of the plurality of illumination features provided by the horizontal configuration stack. The method of any one of claims 12 to 14, further comprising: providing a configuration for receiving the chalk sensor; the light of the light of the lighting fixture is provided to maintain the provision At least one lighting fixture brightness level 312XP / invention manual (supplement) /97-02/96146435 36 200839731 light sensor; and package == degree level 'to return the temperature component should be sensed, wherein the control 23. a backlight system comprising: at least one color sensor; - a controller 'returns at least one color sensor; ^ H' includes a plurality of color l-shirt sensors each - a color sensor and The at least one illuminating device is associated with the lighting device; and the at least one thermal sensor of the ', , L, and the at least one thermal sensor is connected to the controller, and the controller is operated to control the at least one, the daily call Ming Cry + Ancient ώ: T2々# 4, 丨,,, W /, the redundancy and color temperature, in return should be at least a thermal sensation: i device and the at least - color sensor, to &amp; box ΐ: back At least the temperature reading of the output of the thermal sensor should be greater than - pre-captured large values Case, the at least reduce at least one of the lighting fixture Sho out as having a brightness, reduce color temperature while maintaining the brightness of the lighting fixture. The backlight system of claim 23, wherein the controller: determines the first driving signal of the at least one lighting fixture having the associated-color sensor to respond to the color sense And a second driving signal of the lighting fixture that does not have an associated color sensor, such as the first driving signal and the at least one thermal sensor. 312ΧΡ/Invention Manual (supplement)/97-02/96146435