200837457 九、發明說明： 【先前技術】 、近年來可用於公眾的顯示裝置的數量與種類已經大幅地 成長。電腦(不論是桌上$、膝上型、或是筆記型）、個人 數位助理（PDA)、行動電話、以及薄型LCD τν均係範例。 雖然某些該些裝置可使用普通的環境光來照明該顯示器， 不過大部分包含一被稱為背光的光板來讓人能夠觀看該顯 許多此類背光的種類係屬於「邊緣光」或「直接光」。 該些種類在該等光源相對於該背光之輸出區域的放置並1不 相同’其t該輸出區域界定該顯示裝置的可觀看區域。在 邊緣光月光中’ 一或多個光源會被佈置在對應於該輸出區 域之地區外面的背光構造的外邊界或外邊緣中。該等光源 通常將光發射至-光導之中，其長度與寬度具有該輸出區、 域的尺寸等級並且可從該處擷取光以照明該輸出區域。於 直接光#光中會將光源之—陣列直接佈置在該輸出區域 後面，並且會將一擴散器放置再該等光源的前面用以提供 一更均勻的光輸出。特定的直接光背光還會併入一邊緣安 裝光，並且因而利用一直接光與邊緣光照明之組合來照 明。 在某二應用中，利用來自產生不同顏色的光的數個不同 光源的光來照明一顯示器。因為人眼辨別顏色變化的容易 度大於冗度ft：化，所以，要有效地混合產生不同顏色的光 源來為該顯示器提供白色的照明光可能非常困難。於該些 127937.doc 200837457 情況中非常重要的係，來自要被混合的不同光源的光在該 顯不影像上係均勻，所以顏色以及亮度同樣係均勻。 【發明内容】 於一態樣中’本揭示内容提供一種照明發光單元，其包 • 含一基板以及一被定位在該基板近端的至少一第一光源。 该第一光源能夠產生大體上沿著一大致上正交於該基板之 照明軸的照明光。該照明發光單元還包含一細長的反射空 ( 腔’其包含一面向該基板向下凹陷的彎曲反射器。該彎曲 反射器在大致上正交於該基板的平面中包含一橢圓斷面。 違第一光源會被定位在該反射空腔的第一線焦點近端，而 該反射空腔的一輸出表面會被定位在該反射空腔的第二線 焦點近端。 於另一態樣中，本揭示内容提供一種顯示器，其包含一 具有一照明側的影像形成面板，以及一被佈置在該影像形 成面板的該照明側的背光單元。該背光單元包含一包含一 I 弟一輸入表面的光導以及包含一輸出表面的至少一照明發 光單元。該輸出表面會被定位在該光導的該第一輸入表面 近知。照明發光單元包含一基板，以及被定位在該基板近 端的至少一第一光源。該第一光源能夠產生大體上沿著一 •大致上正交於該基板之照明軸的照明光。該照明發光單元 還包含一細長的反射空腔，其包含一面向該基板向下凹陷 的彎曲反射器。該彎曲反射器在大致上正交於該基板的平 面中包含一橢圓斷面。該第一光源會被定位在該反射空腔 的弟一線焦點近端’而該反射空腔的輸出表面會被定位在 127937.doc 200837457 該反射空腔的第二線焦點近端。 於另一態樣中，本揭示内容提供一種背光，其包含一包 含一第一輸入表面的光導以及包含一被定位在該光導之第 一輸入表面近端的輸出表面的至少一照明發光單元。該照 明發光單元進一步包含一基板，以及被定位在該基板近端 的至少一第一光源。該第一光源能夠產生大體上沿著一大 致上正交於該基板之照明軸的照明光。該照明發光單元進 一步包含一細長的反射空腔，其包含一面向該基板向下凹 陷的彎曲反射器。該彎曲反射器在大致上正交於該基板的 平面中包含一橢圓斷面。該第一光源會被定位在該反射空 腔的第一線焦點近端，而該反射空腔的輸出表面會被定位 在該反射空腔的第二線焦點近端。 從下文的詳細說明中將會明白本揭示内容的前述與其他 態樣。不過，上面的發明内容並不應被視為係限制本發明 所主張的主要内谷’本發明的主要内容僅單獨由隨附的申 請專利範圍來定義，其範圍可能會在申請過程中進行修 正。 【實施方式】 本揭示内容係可應用至照明的標誌與顯示器（例如液晶 顯示器（LCD，或LC顯示器））；並且亦可應用至使用被定位 在該顯示面板之側的光源來照明的顯示器，稱為邊緣光顯 示器。咸信本揭示内容特別適用於藉由不同顏色之光源來 照明的顯示器。咸信本揭示内容同樣可應用至提供空間照 明的系統。 … 127937.doc 200837457 一般而言，本揭示内容提供一種照明發光單元，其包含 一具有一彎曲反射器的細長反射空腔。在某些具體實施例 中，該彎曲反射器具有一橢圓斷面，其形成一第一線焦點 與一第二線焦點。一或多個光源可能會被放置在該第一線 焦點近端，使得由該等光源所產生的光會被該彎曲反射器 引導至該第二線焦點。該細長反射空腔還包含一輸出表 ' 面，其會被定位在該第二線焦點近端。於一或多個光源包 含產生不同光之波長的光源的具體實施例中，此光會被允 許在大致上平行該等第一與第二線焦點的方向中於該空腔 内擴大，使得能夠混合各種波長，藉此提供均勻白光至顯 示器、標誌等。 在某些具體實施例中，該照明發光單元的輸出表面可被 定位在一光導的一輸入表面近端，用以為該等顯示器、標 誌等提供一背光。於此等具體實施例中，該第二線焦點會 被定位在該光導的該輸入表面近端。因為由該等光源所發 I 射的光的一實質部分均會被該彎曲反射器引導至該第二線 焦點，该光的此實質部分會被引導至該光導之中。進一 步，放置該光導之該輸入表面於該第二線焦點處提供薄光 導的目的’因為透射穿過該輸出表面的光應該在該光導的 職=向_包含其最窄輪廓。換言之，將該輸人表面定位 在該第二線焦點處能夠讓該光導捕捉由該照明發光單元所 發射之接近全部的光。 本揭示内容的該等照明發光單元可用來為顯示器、區域 照明、招牌等提供光。舉例來說，圖1說明一邊緣光顯示 127937.doc 200837457 器1 0 0的一具體實施例，其包含一包含照明發光單元丨2 〇的 背光112。舉例來說，此顯示器1 〇〇可用在LCD監視器或 LCD-TV之中。於此示範性具體實施例中，該顯示器1〇〇使 用一液晶（LC)影像形成面板150，其通常包含被佈置在面 板平板154間的一LC層152。該等平板154通常由玻璃形 成，且可能包含在其内部表面上之電極結構及對齊層，用 於控制LC層152中之液晶的方位。該等電極結構一般會被 配置成用以界定LC面板像素，也就是，該lc層1 52中液晶 之方位之區域可獨立於相鄰像素而被控制。亦可配合該等 平板154中的一或多者包含一彩色濾光片，用以在該顯示 的影像上賦予顏色。 在LC層152上方定位一上吸收偏光器156且在lc層Γ52下 方定位一下吸收偏光器16〇。在所說明的具體實施例中， 上及下吸收偏光器1 56、160係位於該LC面板150的外面。 吸收偏光器156、160以及顯示面板150會結合控制來自背 光112的光透射穿過顯示面板15〇至觀看者。在某些示範性 具體實施例中，當該LC層1 52的一像素未被啟動時，其便 不會改變通過其中的光的偏光。據此，當該等吸收偏光器 156、160垂直對齊時，通過下吸收偏光器ι6〇的光便會被 該上吸收偏光器1 5 6吸收。當該像素被啟動之後，通過其 中的光的偏光便會被旋轉，使得透射穿過該下吸收偏光器 160的至少某些光同樣會透射穿過該上吸收偏光器156。舉 例來說’使用一控制器18〇來選擇性啟動Lc層152之不同的 像素便可讓特定所需位置處的光離開該顯示器丨〇()，從而 127937.doc -10- 200837457 形成-由觀看者所見的影像。舉例來說，該控制器刚可 能包含電職電視控❹，其接收並顯示電視影像。舉例 來說’可將-或多個選用層158提供在上吸收偏光器156上 方’用以對顯示表面提供機械及/或環境保護。在一示範 性具體實施例中，層158可能包含—位於吸收偏光器156上 方的硬塗層。 某些類型的LC顯示器可以不同於本文所述的方式操 作，因此，細節不同於本文所述之系統。舉例來說，可將 吸收偏光器平行對齊且該LC面板可在處於未啟動狀態時來 旋轉光的偏光。無論如何，此類顯示器之基本結構仍類似 於本文所述者。 忒月光112包含一光導i 3 〇與一或多個照明發光單元 120 ’該等照明發光單元12()產生該照明光並且將該照明光 引導至該光導13G之中。該等照明發光單元⑽包含一或多 個光源124 ’用以產生該照明光。示意性顯示該等光源 124。於大部分的情況中，料光源124係小型的發光二極 體（LED)。就此方面來說，「咖」係指—會發射光的二極 體，不論係可見光、紫外光、或紅外光。其包含市售 「LED」^不同調包裝或囊封半導體裝置，不論係習知或 超輻射種類。倘若該LED發射不可見光（例如紫外光），且 於其發射可見光的某些情況巾，其會被封裝以包含一鱗光 體（或者其可旎會照明一被佈置在遠端的磷光體）而將短波 長光轉換成較長波長的可見光，從而會在某些情況中產生 一會發射白光的裝置。「LED晶粒」係最基本形式的LED， 127937.doc 200837457 也就是’其形式為由半導體處理程序所製成的個別組件或 曰曰片。該組件或晶片可能包含適合應用功率來供能給該裝 置的電接點。該組件或晶片的個別層與其他功能元件通常 形成在晶圓級上，且最終的晶圓接著便可能會被切割成個 別部件，以便產生多個LED晶粒。 若需要的話，可以使用其他的可見光發射器（例如線性 冷陰極螢光燈（CCFL)或是熱陰極螢光燈（HCFL))來取代離 ( 政的led光源作為本文所揭示的背光，或者除了本文所揭 示的背光之外還可以使用其他的可見光發射器。此外，亦 可以使用混合系統，舉例來說（CCFL/LED)其包含冷白光 與暖白光（CCFL/HCFL)，例如用以發射不同頻譜的系統。 光發射器之組合可能具有各種形式，並且包含LED與 CCFL，例如多個CCFL、不同顏色的多個CCFL、以及複數 個 LED與 CCFL。 舉例來說，在某些應用中，可能會希望利用不同的光源 I (例如長圓柱CCFL或是線性表面發光光導）來取代該列離散 光源124 ’用以沿著其長度來發光並且會被耗合至一遠端 主動組件（例如LED晶粒或素燈泡），並且以與其他列之 光源相同的方式來運作。美國專利案第5,845,038號 • (Lundin等人）與第6,367,941號（Lea等人）之中揭示此等線性 表面發光光導之範例。光纖耦合雷射二極體與其他半導體 發射器同樣係已知的，且於該些情況中，該光纖波導的輸 出端可被視為係一關於其在本文所揭示之照明發光單元中 之放置的光源。這同樣適用於具有小型發光區域的其他被 127937.doc -12- 200837457 動光學組件’例如透鏡、偏轉器、窄光導、以及類似的組 件’用以偏離接收自一主動組件（例如燈泡或LED晶粒）的 光。此被動組件的一範例係一侧發光封裝led的模製囊封 物或透鏡。 在某些具體實施例中，該背光112連續地發射白光，且 該影像形成面板150係結合一彩色濾光片矩陣以形成多色 像素群組（例如黃色/藍色（Y/B)像素、紅色/綠色/藍色 (RGB)像素、紅色/綠色/藍色/白色（RGBW)像素、紅色/黃 色/綠色/藍色（RYGB)像素、紅色/黃色/綠色/青色/藍色 (RYGCB)像素、或是類似的顏色），使得所顯示的影像係 多色的。或者，可以使用顏色順序技術來顯示多色影像， 八中並不會使用白光來連續背照明該面板1 5〇且調變該 面板150中的多色像素群組來產生顏色，取而代之的係， 該背光112本身内分離的不同顏色光源（舉例來說，選自下 面顏色：紅色、橘色、琥珀色、黃色、綠色、青色、藍色 (其包含寶藍色以及白色’其組合方式如上所述）會被調 變，使得該背光會以快速重複連續的方式閃爍一空間均勾 的彩色光輸出(例如紅色，接著綠色，接著藍色）。接著， 此彩色調變背光便會結合一 λ 惶具有一像素陣列（而不具有 任何彩色濾光片矩陣）的顯 ”、、不裔核、、且，該像素陣列會同步 於該为光被調變，用以太敕乂 t心在整個像素陣列上產生可達成顏色 的整個色域（在用於續皆出& & ^ °亥月先之中的光源的假定之下），其前 提係該調變必須夠伊 …“在該觀察者的視覺系統中產生 臨夺的顏色混合。美國專利 兮刃茶弟5,337,〇68號（Stewart等人） 127937.doc 200837457 與第6,762,743號（Y〇shihara等人）之中便說明顏色順序顯示 器的範例，亦稱為場順序顯示器。於某些情況中，可能會 希望僅提供單色顯示器。於該些情況中，背光112可能包 含濾光片或是主要會在一可見波長或顏色之中發射的特定 光源。 該照明發光單元120可能包含一細長反射空腔120，其會 被用來收集來自該等光源124的光並且將其引導至該光導 130。該光導130會將照明光從該等光源124導引至該面板 15〇後面的區域，並且將該光引導至該面板15〇。該光導 130可能會接收透過單一邊緣或是多個邊緣的照明光。於 其他具體實施例中（未說明）該光可能會透過該光導130之邊 緣以外的光麵合機制被麵合至該光導13 〇。一基底反射器 114可能會被定位在該光導13〇中與該顯示面板15〇不同的 另一側上。該光導130可能包含光擷取特徵132，其會被用 來從該光導130中擷取光以便照明該顯示面板150。舉例來 說，該等光擷取特徵132可能包含位於該光導130之表面上 的擴散點，其會將光直接引導向該顯示面板150或引導向 該基底反射器114。可以使用其他方式來從該光導130中擷 取光。 該基底反射器114較佳的係具有極高的反射性，以增強 面板效率。舉例來說，該基底反射器114針對由該等光源 所發射的可見光的平均反射率可能至少為9〇%、95%、 98%、99%、或更高。該基底反射器U4可能係一以鏡面' 擴散、或是鏡面/擴散組合為主的反射器，不論是否具有 127937.doc -14· 200837457 空間均勻性或經過圖案化。在某些情況中，該基底反射器 114可能係由一具有高反射率塗層的剛性金屬基板所製 成，或者會將一高反射率膜層壓至一支樓基板。合宜的高 反射率材料包含：可購自3M公司的VikuitiTM增強鏡面反射 器（ESR)多層聚合物膜；藉由使用一 0.4密耳厚的異辛基丙 烯酸壓敏黏著劑將一載有硫酸鋇的聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯膜 (2密耳厚）層壓至VikixitiTM ESR膜所製成的膜，所生成的層 壓膜本文中稱為「EDR II」膜；可購自Toray Industries, Inc·的E-60系列LumirrorTM聚酯膜；多孔的聚四IL乙稀 (PTFE)膜，例如可購自 W. L. Gore & Associates，Inc.的 膜；可購自Labsphere，Inc.的SpectralonTM反射材料；可購 自 Alanod Aluminum-Veredlung GmbH & Co·的 MiroTM陽極 處理I呂膜（其包含MiroTM 2膜）；可購自Furukawa Electric Co·，Ltd.的MCPET高反射率發泡薄片：以及可購自Mitsui Chemicals，Inc·的 White RefstarTM膜與 MT膜。 該基底反射器114大致上可能平坦且平滑，或者其可能 具有一與其相關聯的結構表面，用以增強光散射或混合。 此結構表面可被加諸在（a)該基底反射器114的反射表面之 上，或是（b)被塗敷至該反射表面的一透明塗層之上。於前 者的情況中，可以將一高反射膜層壓至一其中已經事先形 成一結構表面的基板，或者可將一高反射膜層壓至一平坦 基板（例如一薄金屬板，如可購自3M公司的VikuitiTM耐久 增強鏡面反射器-金屬（DESR-M)反射器）接著形成該結構表 面，例如利用壓印操作。於後者的情況中，則可以將一具 127937.doc -15- 200837457 有一結構表面的透明膜層壓至一平坦的反射表面，或是可 以將-透日請塗敷至該反射器並且接著於該透明膜的^端 賦加一結構表面。 该背光112可能還會在不包含照明發光單元的邊緣中包 含位於沿該背光112之外邊界中的側面與末端(未顯示)。此 等側面較佳的係具有襯裡或者具備高反射率的垂直壁，以 便降低光損失並且改良再循環效率。可以使用與用於基底 反射器114相同的反射材料來形成該些壁，或者可以^用 -不同的反射材料。於示範性具體實施例中，該等側壁具 有擴散反射性。 光管理膜的配置1 7 0 (其亦可被稱為光管理單元)係被定 位在背光112與影像形成面板150之間。該等光管理膜 影響傳播自背光m的照明光，以便改良該顯示系統⑽的 操作。舉例來說，光管理膜的配置17〇可能包含一擴散器 172。擴散器172係用來擴散接收自該等光源124的光^其 會提高入射在面板150之上的照明光的均勻度。結果，觀 看者所看見的影像便會具有更均勻的亮度。 擴散層172可為任何合宜的擴散膜或擴散器。舉例來 說’擴散層m可能包含任何合宜的擴散材料。在某此且 體實施例中，該擴散層172可能包含—由聚甲基丙稀酸甲 醋(PMMA)製成的聚合物基質’其具有各種分散相，該等 相位包含玻璃、聚笨乙烯珠、以及，顆粒。示範性擴 散盗可能包含可講自美國明尼蘇達州聖保羅市的3 Μ公司 的Scotched擴散膜’其型號為_____ 127937.doc -16- 200837457 70 ° 光管理單元170亦可能包含一反射偏光器174。該等光源 124通常會產生非偏光，但是下吸收偏光器160卻僅透射單 一偏光狀態；因此，由光源12 4所產生的光之中約一半不 會透射穿過至LC層152。不過，反射偏光器174可用來反射 會在下吸收偏光器1 60之中被吸收的光。所以，便可藉由 在該反射偏光器174與該反射基板102之間的反射來再循環 此光。被反射偏光器174反射的光至少一部分可能會被消 偏光’接著便會在偏光狀態下被送回該反射偏光器丨74， 用以透射穿過該反射偏光器174與該下吸收偏光器16〇而抵 達LC層152。依此方式，該反射偏光器174便可用來提高由 该專光源124所發射的光抵達LC層152的比例，從而提供一 較亮的顯示器輸出。 可以使用任何合宜類型的反射偏光器作為該反射偏光器 174 ’舉例來說，多層光學膜（M〇F)反射偏光器；擴散反 射式偏光膜（DRPF)(例如連續/分散相位偏光器）；線栅反射 偏光器；或膽固醇反射偏光器。 MOF與連續/分散相位反射偏光器皆依賴於至少兩種材 料（通常為聚合材料）之間的折射率差異，用以選擇性地反 射一種偏光狀態的光，同時透射具有正交偏光狀態的光。 在共同擁有之美國專利案第5,882,774號（J〇nza等人）之中說 明MOF反射偏光器之某些範例。m〇f反射偏光器之商用範 例包含可從3M公司購得之VikuhiTM dbef d2〇〇及dbef_ D440多層反射偏光器，其包含擴散表面。 127937.doc 200837457 可配合本揭示内容使用的DRPF的範例包含如在共同擁 有之美國專利案第5,825,543號（Ouderkirk等人）之中所述的 連續/分散相位反射偏光器，以及在共同擁有之美國專利 案第5,867,316號（Carlson等人）之中所述的擴散反射多層偏 光器。在美國專利案第5，751，388號（Lars on)之中說明其他 合宜類型的DRPF。 可配合本揭示内容使用的線栅偏光器的某些範例包含在 美國專利案第6,122,103號（Perkins等人）之中所述的範例。 明確地說，線柵偏光器可從位於美國猶他州歐瑞市的 Moxtek Inc·處購得。 可配合本揭示内容使用的膽固醇偏光器的某些範例包含 在美國專利案第5,793,456號（Broer等人）以及美國專利公開 案第2002/0159019號（Pokorny等人）之中所述的範例。膽固 醇偏光器經常會在輸出側之上具備一四分之一波阻滯層， 以便讓透射穿過該膽固醇偏光器的光會被轉換成線性偏 光。 在某些具體實施例中，可能會在該擴散器172與該反射 偏光器174之間提供一偏光控制層178。偏光控制層的範例 包含一四分之一波阻滯層與一偏光旋轉層（例如一液晶偏 光旋轉層）。偏光控制層【78可用來改變從反射偏光器i 74 處反射的光的偏光’以便提高透射穿過反射偏光器174的 再循環光的比例。 光官理膜之配置1 70亦可能包含一或多個亮度增強層。 亮度增強層係一包含用以將離軸光重新引導至更接近於該 127937.doc •18- 200837457 顯不器之軸的方向中的表面結構的層。此會增加透過IX層 152之軸上傳播的光之數量，因而會增加由觀看者所見的 影像的梵度。亮度增強層的一範例係稜形亮度增強層，其 具有透過折射及反射來重新引導照明光的數個稜形脊狀 物。可用於顯示器100之中的稜形亮度增強層之範例包含 可從3M公司購得之Vikuiti™ BEF II及BEF III系列的稜形 膜’其包含 BEF II 90/24、BEF II 90/50、BEF IIIM 90/50 及 BEF IIIT。 圖1中所說明的示範性具體實施例顯示被佈置在該反射 偏光器174與該影像形成面板15〇之間的一第一亮度增強層 176a。稜形亮度增強層通常會在一維度之中提供光學增 盈。於光管理層的配置170之中可能還包含一選用的第二 党度增強層176b，其稜形結構會被定向成正交於該第一亮 度增強層176a的稜形結構。此組態會在兩個維度之中提高 該顯示器100的光學增益。在其他示範性具體實施例中， 焭度增強層176a、176b可能會被定位在背光112與反射偏 光器174之間。 光管理單元170之中的不同層可能係獨立的。於其他具 體實施例中，可以將該光管理單元170中的該等層的二兩 或更多層層壓在一起，舉例來說，如共同擁有之美國專利 申請公開案第2006/0082698號（Ko等人）中所討論者。於其 他示範性具體實施例中，該光管理單元170可能包含由一 間隙分離的兩個子裝配件，舉例來說，如共同擁有之美國 專利申請公開案第2006/0082700號（Gehlsen等人）中所述 127937.doc -19- 200837457 者。 可配合顯示器（舉例來說，圖1的顯示器100)來使用的背 光200的一具體實施例係說明在圖2A至B之中。背光200包 含一包含一輸出表面220的照明發光單元210以及一包含一 第一輸入表面232的光導230。該照明發光單元210的輸出 表面220會被定位在該光導230的第一輸入表面232近端。 雖然描述為包含一照明發光單元210，不過該背光2〇〇可能200837457 IX. Invention Description: [Prior Art] The number and types of display devices available to the public in recent years have grown significantly. Computers (whether on the table $, laptop, or notebook), personal digital assistants (PDAs), mobile phones, and thin LCD τν are examples. While some of these devices can illuminate the display using ordinary ambient light, most include a light panel called a backlight to allow viewing of the many types of such backlights that are "edge light" or "direct light." "." The categories are different in the placement of the light sources relative to the output area of the backlight and the output area defines a viewable area of the display device. In the edge light moonlight, one or more light sources will be disposed in the outer or outer edge of the backlight configuration outside of the area corresponding to the output area. The light sources typically emit light into the -lightguide having a length and width having a size rating of the output region, domain and from which light can be extracted to illuminate the output region. In direct light #light, the array of light sources is placed directly behind the output area, and a diffuser is placed in front of the light sources to provide a more uniform light output. The particular direct light backlight also incorporates an edge mount light and is thus illuminated with a combination of direct light and edge light illumination. In some applications, a display is illuminated with light from a plurality of different light sources that produce different colors of light. Since the ease with which the human eye recognizes color changes is greater than the redundancy, it may be very difficult to effectively mix light sources of different colors to provide white illumination for the display. It is very important in the case of the 127937.doc 200837457 that the light from the different sources to be mixed is uniform over the visible image, so the color and brightness are also uniform. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In one aspect, the present disclosure provides an illumination lighting unit including a substrate and at least a first light source positioned at a proximal end of the substrate. The first source is capable of producing illumination light substantially along an illumination axis substantially orthogonal to the substrate. The illumination unit further includes an elongated reflective cavity (the cavity comprising a curved reflector that is recessed downwardly toward the substrate. The curved reflector includes an elliptical section in a plane substantially orthogonal to the substrate. The first light source is positioned at a proximal end of the first line focus of the reflective cavity, and an output surface of the reflective cavity is positioned at a proximal end of the second line focus of the reflective cavity. The present disclosure provides a display including an image forming panel having an illumination side, and a backlight unit disposed on the illumination side of the image forming panel. The backlight unit includes an input surface including an I-different a light guide and at least one illumination light unit including an output surface. The output surface is positioned near the first input surface of the light guide. The illumination light unit includes a substrate and at least one positioned at a proximal end of the substrate a light source capable of generating illumination light substantially along an illumination axis substantially orthogonal to the substrate. The illumination unit further includes a thin a reflective cavity comprising a curved reflector recessed downwardly toward the substrate. The curved reflector includes an elliptical section in a plane substantially orthogonal to the substrate. The first source is positioned at the reflection The cavity of the cavity is near the end of the focus' and the output surface of the reflective cavity is positioned at 127937.doc 200837457. The second line of focus of the reflective cavity is proximal. In another aspect, the disclosure provides a backlight A light guide comprising a first input surface and at least one illumination unit including an output surface positioned at a proximal end of the first input surface of the light guide. The illumination unit further includes a substrate and is positioned At least a first light source at a proximal end of the substrate. The first light source is capable of generating illumination light substantially along an illumination axis substantially orthogonal to the substrate. The illumination illumination unit further includes an elongated reflective cavity. A curved reflector is formed that is recessed downwardly toward the substrate. The curved reflector includes an elliptical section in a plane substantially orthogonal to the substrate. The source will be positioned at the proximal end of the first line focus of the reflective cavity, and the output surface of the reflective cavity will be positioned at the proximal end of the second line focus of the reflective cavity. As will be apparent from the detailed description below The foregoing and other aspects of the present disclosure are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. The main content of the present invention is defined solely by the scope of the accompanying claims. The scope may be corrected during the application process. [Embodiment] The present disclosure is applicable to a sign and display of illumination (such as a liquid crystal display (LCD, or LC display)); and may also be applied to use where the use is located. A display that illuminates the light source on the side of the display panel, referred to as an edge light display. The disclosure of the present disclosure is particularly applicable to displays that are illuminated by light sources of different colors. The disclosure of the present disclosure is equally applicable to systems that provide spatial illumination. . ... 127937.doc 200837457 In general, the present disclosure provides an illumination lighting unit that includes an elongated reflective cavity having a curved reflector. In some embodiments, the curved reflector has an elliptical cross-section that forms a first line focus and a second line focus. One or more light sources may be placed at the proximal end of the first line focus such that light generated by the light sources is directed by the curved reflector to the second line focus. The elongated reflective cavity also includes an output surface that is positioned at the proximal end of the second line focus. In a particular embodiment where the one or more light sources comprise light sources that generate wavelengths of different light, the light is allowed to expand within the cavity in a direction substantially parallel to the first and second line focuss, enabling Various wavelengths are mixed to provide uniform white light to the display, logo, and the like. In some embodiments, the output surface of the illumination unit can be positioned at a proximal end of an input surface of a light guide to provide a backlight for the displays, logos, and the like. In these particular embodiments, the second line focus is positioned at the proximal end of the input surface of the light guide. Because a substantial portion of the light emitted by the light sources is directed by the curved reflector to the second line focus, this substantial portion of the light is directed into the light guide. Further, the input surface on which the light guide is placed provides the purpose of providing a thin light guide at the second line focus 'because the light transmitted through the output surface should contain its narrowest profile at the position of the light guide. In other words, positioning the input surface at the second line focus enables the light guide to capture nearly all of the light emitted by the illumination unit. The illumination lighting units of the present disclosure can be used to provide light for displays, area lighting, signage, and the like. For example, Figure 1 illustrates a particular embodiment of an edge light display 127937.doc 200837457 device 100 that includes a backlight 112 that includes an illumination light unit 丨2 〇. For example, this display 1 can be used in an LCD monitor or LCD-TV. In this exemplary embodiment, the display 1 uses a liquid crystal (LC) image forming panel 150 that typically includes an LC layer 152 disposed between the panel plates 154. The plates 154 are typically formed of glass and may include electrode structures and alignment layers on their interior surfaces for controlling the orientation of the liquid crystals in the LC layer 152. The electrode structures are typically configured to define LC panel pixels, i.e., the region of the orientation of the liquid crystal in the lc layer 152 can be controlled independently of adjacent pixels. One or more of the plates 154 may also be included to include a color filter for imparting color to the displayed image. An upper absorption polarizer 156 is positioned over the LC layer 152 and the absorption polarizer 16 is positioned below the lc layer 52. In the illustrated embodiment, the upper and lower absorption polarizers 1 56, 160 are located outside of the LC panel 150. The absorption polarizers 156, 160 and display panel 150 in combination control the transmission of light from the backlight 112 through the display panel 15 to the viewer. In some exemplary embodiments, when a pixel of the LC layer 152 is not activated, it does not change the polarization of light passing therethrough. Accordingly, when the absorption polarizers 156, 160 are vertically aligned, the light passing through the lower absorption polarizer ι6 is absorbed by the upper absorption polarizer 156. When the pixel is activated, the polarization of the light passing therethrough is rotated such that at least some of the light transmitted through the lower absorption polarizer 160 is also transmitted through the upper absorption polarizer 156. For example, 'using a controller 18 选择性 to selectively activate different pixels of the Lc layer 152 allows light at a particular desired location to leave the display 丨〇(), thereby forming 127937.doc -10- 200837457 - by The image seen by the viewer. For example, the controller may just contain an electric TV monitor that receives and displays television images. For example, - or multiple optional layers 158 may be provided above upper absorption polarizer 156 to provide mechanical and/or environmental protection to the display surface. In an exemplary embodiment, layer 158 may comprise a hard coat layer over absorbing polarizer 156. Certain types of LC displays can operate differently than those described herein, and thus, the details are different than the systems described herein. For example, the absorbing polarizers can be aligned in parallel and the LC panel can rotate the polarized light of the light when in an unactivated state. In any event, the basic structure of such displays is still similar to that described herein. The moonlight 112 includes a light guide i 3 〇 and one or more illumination lighting units 120' that illuminate the illumination light and direct the illumination light into the light guide 13G. The illumination unit (10) includes one or more light sources 124' for generating the illumination. The light sources 124 are shown schematically. In most cases, the source 124 is a small, light-emitting diode (LED). In this respect, "cafe" means a dipole that emits light, whether it be visible light, ultraviolet light, or infrared light. It includes commercially available "LED"^ differently packaged or encapsulated semiconductor devices, whether of the conventional or super-radiation type. If the LED emits invisible light (eg, ultraviolet light) and in some cases where it emits visible light, it will be packaged to contain a scale (or it can illuminate a phosphor disposed at the distal end) The conversion of short-wavelength light into longer-wavelength visible light, in some cases, produces a device that emits white light. "LED dies" are the most basic form of LEDs, 127937.doc 200837457 is also the form of individual components or dies that are made by semiconductor processing procedures. The component or wafer may contain electrical contacts suitable for the application of power to power the device. Individual layers and other functional components of the component or wafer are typically formed at the wafer level, and the resulting wafer may then be diced into individual components to produce a plurality of LED dies. If necessary, other visible light emitters (such as linear cold cathode fluorescent lamps (CCFL) or hot cathode fluorescent lamps (HCFL)) can be used instead of the polarized light source as the backlight disclosed herein, or in addition to Other visible light emitters may be used in addition to the backlights disclosed herein. In addition, hybrid systems may also be used, for example (CCFL/LED) which comprise cool white light and warm white light (CCFL/HCFL), for example to emit differently A system of spectrums. A combination of light emitters may take various forms and include LEDs and CCFLs, such as multiple CCFLs, multiple CCFLs of different colors, and multiple LEDs and CCFLs. For example, in some applications, It may be desirable to replace the column of discrete light sources 124' with different light sources I (e.g., long cylindrical CCFLs or linear surface light guides) for illumination along their length and to be consumed to a remote active component (e.g., LED crystals). Granules or light bulbs, and operate in the same way as other columns of light sources. US Patent No. 5,845,038 • (Lundin et al.) and No. 6,367,941 (Lea et al. An example of such linear surface illuminating lightguides is disclosed. Fiber-coupled laser diodes are also known as other semiconductor emitters, and in such cases the output of the fiber-optic waveguide can be considered as a A light source for its placement in the illumination lighting unit disclosed herein. The same applies to other 127937.doc -12-200837457 moving optics components having small illumination areas such as lenses, deflectors, narrow light guides, and the like. The component 'is used to deviate from light received from an active component, such as a bulb or LED die. An example of such a passive component is a molded encapsulant or lens of a light-emitting package led. In some embodiments, The backlight 112 continuously emits white light, and the image forming panel 150 is combined with a color filter matrix to form a multi-color pixel group (eg, yellow/blue (Y/B) pixels, red/green/blue (RGB). ) pixels, red/green/blue/white (RGBW) pixels, red/yellow/green/blue (RYGB) pixels, red/yellow/green/cyan/blue (RYGCB) pixels, or similar colors) ,Make The displayed image is multi-colored. Alternatively, the color sequential technique can be used to display the multi-color image, and the white light is not used to continuously backlight the panel and modulate the multi-color pixel group in the panel 150. The group produces a color, which is replaced by a different color source separated by the backlight 112 itself (for example, selected from the following colors: red, orange, amber, yellow, green, cyan, blue (which includes royal blue) And the white 'as its combination is as described above) will be modulated so that the backlight will flash a spatially uniform colored light output (eg, red, then green, then blue) in a fast repeating continuous manner. Then, the color-modulated backlight combines with a λ 惶 having an array of pixels (without any color filter matrix), a non-nuclear core, and the pixel array is synchronized with the light Modulation, used to generate the entire color gamut of the color that can be achieved on the entire pixel array (under the assumption of the light source used in the continuous && ^ ° Haiyue first), the premise This modulation must be sufficient... "The resulting color mixture in the viewer's visual system." An example of a color sequential display, also referred to as a field sequential display, is illustrated in U.S. Patent No. 5,337, 〇68 (Stewart et al.) 127, 937, doc. In some cases, it may be desirable to provide only a monochrome display. In such cases, backlight 112 may contain a filter or a particular source that will primarily emit in a visible wavelength or color. The illumination lighting unit 120 may include an elongated reflective cavity 120 that will be used to collect light from the light sources 124 and direct it to the light guide 130. The light guide 130 directs illumination light from the light sources 124 to the area behind the panel 15 turns and directs the light to the panel 15A. The light guide 130 may receive illumination light through a single edge or multiple edges. In other embodiments (not illustrated), the light may be incident to the light guide 13 through a light-fitting mechanism other than the edge of the light guide 130. A base reflector 114 may be positioned on the other side of the light guide 13 that is different from the display panel 15A. The light guide 130 may include a light extraction feature 132 that may be used to extract light from the light guide 130 to illuminate the display panel 150. For example, the light extraction features 132 may include a diffusion point on the surface of the light guide 130 that directs light directly toward the display panel 150 or toward the base reflector 114. Other means can be used to extract light from the light guide 130. The base reflector 114 is preferably highly reflective to enhance panel efficiency. For example, the average reflectance of the base reflector 114 for visible light emitted by the light sources may be at least 9〇%, 95%, 98%, 99%, or higher. The base reflector U4 may be a reflector that is specularly diffused or mirrored/diffused, whether or not it has 127937.doc -14· 200837457 spatial uniformity or patterned. In some cases, the base reflector 114 may be formed from a rigid metal substrate having a high reflectivity coating or a high reflectivity film laminated to a floor substrate. Suitable high reflectivity materials include: VikuitiTM Enhanced Specular Reflector (ESR) multilayer polymer film available from 3M Company; one loaded with barium sulfate by using a 0.4 mil thick isooctyl acrylic pressure sensitive adhesive A polyethylene terephthalate film (2 mil thick) laminated to a film made of VikixitiTM ESR film, and the resulting laminate film is referred to herein as an "EDR II" film; available from Toray Industries, Inc.'s E-60 series LumirrorTM polyester film; porous polytetra-ethylene (PTFE) film, such as film available from WL Gore & Associates, Inc.; SpectralonTM reflective material available from Labsphere, Inc. MiroTM anodized Ilu film (which contains MiroTM 2 film) available from Alanod Aluminum-Veredlung GmbH &Co.; MCPET high reflectivity foamed sheet available from Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd.: and available for purchase White RefstarTM film from Mitsui Chemicals, Inc. and MT film. The base reflector 114 may be substantially flat and smooth, or it may have a structural surface associated therewith to enhance light scattering or mixing. The surface of the structure can be applied to (a) the reflective surface of the substrate reflector 114 or (b) to a clear coating applied to the reflective surface. In the former case, a highly reflective film may be laminated to a substrate in which a structural surface has been previously formed, or a highly reflective film may be laminated to a flat substrate (for example, a thin metal plate such as is commercially available). 3M's VikuitiTM Durable Enhanced Specular Reflector-Metal (DESR-M) Reflector) then forms the surface of the structure, for example using an embossing operation. In the latter case, a transparent film having a structured surface of 127937.doc -15-200837457 can be laminated to a flat reflective surface, or a transparent surface can be applied to the reflector and then The surface of the transparent film is provided with a structural surface. The backlight 112 may also include sides and ends (not shown) located along the outer boundary of the backlight 112 in the edges that do not include the illumination lighting unit. These sides are preferably lined or have vertical walls of high reflectivity to reduce light loss and improve recycling efficiency. The walls may be formed using the same reflective material as used for the base reflector 114, or - different reflective materials may be used. In an exemplary embodiment, the sidewalls have diffuse reflectivity. The light management film arrangement 170 (which may also be referred to as a light management unit) is positioned between the backlight 112 and the image forming panel 150. The light management films affect the illumination light propagating from the backlight m to improve the operation of the display system (10). For example, the configuration 17 of the light management film may include a diffuser 172. Diffuser 172 is used to diffuse light received from the sources 124 to increase the uniformity of illumination light incident on panel 150. As a result, the image seen by the viewer will have a more uniform brightness. Diffusion layer 172 can be any suitable diffusion film or diffuser. For example, the diffusion layer m may contain any suitable diffusion material. In some embodiments, the diffusion layer 172 may comprise a polymer matrix made of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) having various dispersed phases, the phases comprising glass, polystyrene Beads, and, particles. An exemplary spread pirate may include a Scotched diffuser film from the 3 Μ company of St. Paul, Minnesota, USA _____ 127937.doc -16- 200837457 70 ° light management unit 170 may also include a reflective polarizer 174. The light sources 124 typically produce non-polarized light, but the lower absorption polarizer 160 transmits only a single polarized state; therefore, about half of the light produced by the light source 124 is not transmitted through the LC layer 152. However, the reflective polarizer 174 can be used to reflect light that would be absorbed in the lower absorption polarizer 160. Therefore, the light can be recirculated by reflection between the reflective polarizer 174 and the reflective substrate 102. At least a portion of the light reflected by the reflective polarizer 174 may be depolarized and then returned to the reflective polarizer 74 in a polarized state for transmission through the reflective polarizer 174 and the lower absorption polarizer 16 The LC layer 152 is reached. In this manner, the reflective polarizer 174 can be used to increase the proportion of light emitted by the dedicated light source 124 to the LC layer 152, thereby providing a brighter display output. Any suitable type of reflective polarizer can be used as the reflective polarizer 174', for example, a multilayer optical film (M〇F) reflective polarizer; a diffuse reflective polarizing film (DRPF) (eg, a continuous/dispersive phase polarizer); Wire grid reflective polarizer; or cholesterol reflective polarizer. Both MOF and continuous/dispersed phase reflective polarizers rely on refractive index differences between at least two materials, typically polymeric materials, to selectively reflect light in a polarized state while transmitting light having a crossed polarized state. . Some examples of MOF reflective polarizers are described in commonly-owned U.S. Patent No. 5,882,774 (J〇nza et al.). Commercial examples of m〇f reflective polarizers include VikuhiTM dbef d2(R) and dbef_D440 multilayer reflective polarizers available from 3M Company, which contain a diffusing surface. 127937.doc 200837457 An example of a DRPF that can be used in conjunction with the present disclosure includes a continuous/dispersive phase-reflecting polarizer as described in commonly-owned U.S. Patent No. 5,825,543 (Ouderkirk et al.), and commonly owned United States. A diffusely reflective multilayer polarizer as described in Patent No. 5,867,316 (Carlson et al.). Other suitable types of DRPF are described in U.S. Patent No. 5,751,388 (Lars on). Some examples of wire grid polarizers that can be used in conjunction with the present disclosure include the examples described in U.S. Patent No. 6,122,103 (Perkins et al.). Specifically, wire grid polarizers are commercially available from Moxtek Inc. of Ory, Utah, USA. Some examples of cholesterol polarizers that can be used in conjunction with the present disclosure include the examples described in U.S. Patent No. 5,793,456 (Broer et al.) and U.S. Patent Publication No. 2002/0159019 (Pokorny et al.). Cholesterol polarizers often have a quarter-wave retardation layer on the output side to allow light transmitted through the cholesterol polarizer to be converted to linear polarization. In some embodiments, a polarization control layer 178 may be provided between the diffuser 172 and the reflective polarizer 174. An example of a polarization control layer includes a quarter wave retardation layer and a polarization rotation layer (e.g., a liquid crystal polarization rotation layer). A polarization control layer [78 can be used to vary the polarization of light reflected from the reflective polarizer i 74 to increase the proportion of recycled light transmitted through the reflective polarizer 174. The configuration of the photonic film 1 70 may also include one or more brightness enhancement layers. The brightness enhancement layer is a layer comprising a surface structure for redirecting off-axis light into a direction closer to the axis of the 127937.doc • 18-200837457 display. This increases the amount of light propagating through the axis of the IX layer 152, thus increasing the vanguard of the image seen by the viewer. An example of a brightness enhancement layer is a prismatic brightness enhancement layer having a plurality of prismatic ridges that redirect illumination light through refraction and reflection. Examples of prismatic brightness enhancement layers that can be used in display 100 include the VikuitiTM BEF II and BEF III series of prismatic films available from 3M Company, which include BEF II 90/24, BEF II 90/50, BEF IIIM 90/50 and BEF IIIT. The exemplary embodiment illustrated in Figure 1 shows a first brightness enhancement layer 176a disposed between the reflective polarizer 174 and the image forming panel 15A. A prismatic brightness enhancement layer typically provides optical gain in one dimension. An optional second-party enhancement layer 176b may also be included in the configuration 170 of the light management layer, the prismatic structure being oriented to be orthogonal to the prismatic structure of the first brightness enhancement layer 176a. This configuration increases the optical gain of the display 100 in two dimensions. In other exemplary embodiments, the intensity enhancement layers 176a, 176b may be positioned between the backlight 112 and the reflective polarizer 174. The different layers in the light management unit 170 may be independent. In other embodiments, two or more layers of the layers in the light management unit 170 can be laminated together, for example, as commonly owned U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2006/0082698 ( Discussed in Ko et al.). In other exemplary embodiments, the light management unit 170 may include two sub-assemblies separated by a gap, for example, as commonly-owned U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2006/0082700 (Gehlsen et al.). 127937.doc -19- 200837457. A specific embodiment of a backlight 200 that can be used with a display (for example, display 100 of Figure 1) is illustrated in Figures 2A-B. The backlight 200 includes an illumination unit 210 including an output surface 220 and a light guide 230 including a first input surface 232. The output surface 220 of the illumination unit 210 will be positioned at the proximal end of the first input surface 232 of the light guide 230. Although described as including an illumination unit 210, the backlight 2 may
包含被疋位在該光導230的相同或其他邊緣中的二或多個 照明發光單元。 該照明發光單元21 0包含一基板2 1 8以及被定位在該基板 21 8近端的一或多個光源216。每一個光源216均能夠產生 大體上沿著一大致上正交於該基板218之照明軸217的照明 光。孩單元210進一步包含一細長的反射空腔212，其包含 一面向該基板2 1 8向下凹陷的彎曲反射器214。 該基板2 1 8可能係任何合宜的材料。在某些具體實施例 中，該基板218可能具反射性，用以反射在朝該基板218之 方向傳播之來自該等光源216的光。該反射基板218針對由 該等光源216所發射的可見光的平均反射率可能至少為 90% ' 95%、98%、99%、或更高。該反射基板218可能係 :以鏡面、擴散、或是鏡面/擴散組合為主的反射器，不 間疋否具有工間均句性或經過圖案化。在某些情況中，該 反射基板218可㈣由—具有高反射率塗層㈣性金屬基 板所製成’或者會將一高反射率膜層壓至一支撐基板。合 且的N反射率材料包含·可購自⑽公司的靴UhiTM增強鏡 127937.doc -20 - 200837457 面反射器（ESR)多層聚合物膜；藉由使用一 0.4密耳厚的異 辛基丙烯酸壓敏黏著劑將一載有硫酸鋇的聚對苯二甲酸乙 二酯膜（2密耳厚）層壓至VikuitiTM ESR膜所製成的膜，所生 成的層壓膜本文中稱為「EDR II」膜；可購自Toray Industries，Inc·的 E-60 系列 1^1!11^1：1*〇1^1^聚醋膜；多孔的聚四 氟乙稀（PTFE)膜，例如可購自W. L. Gore & Associates， Inc.的膜；可購自 Labsphere，Inc.的 SpectralonTM 反射材 料；可購自 Alanod Aluminum-Veredlung GmbH & Co.的 MiroTM陽極處理鋁膜（其包含MiroTM 2膜）；可購自 Furukawa Electric Co.，Ltd.的 MCPET高反身于率發泡薄片·’ 以及可購自 Mitsui Chemicals，Inc·的 White RefstarTM膜與 MT膜。 該反射基板218大致上可能平坦且平滑，或者其可能具 有一與其相關聯的結構表面，用以增強光散射或混合。此 結構表面可被加諸在（a)該基板218的反射表面之上，或是 (b)被塗敷至該反射表面的一透明塗層之上。於前者的情況 中，可以將一高反射膜層壓至一其中已經事先形成一結構 表面的基板，或者可將一高反射膜層壓至一平坦基板（例 如一薄金屬板，如可購自3M公司的VikuitiTM耐久增強鏡面 反射器-金屬（DESR-M)反射器）接著形成該結構表面，例如 利用壓印操作。於後者的情況中，則可以將一具有一結構 表面的透明膜層壓至一平坦的反射表面，或是可以將一透 明膜塗敷至該反射器並且接著於該透明膜的頂端賦加一結 構表面。 127937.doc -21 - 200837457 該等光源216可能會被定位在該基板218近端，使得該等 光源216位於該基板218之上、被嵌入在該基板218之中， 或疋位於該基板21 8下方。舉例來說，該等光源2丨6及用於 提供電流給該等光源216的導體可能會被定位在該基板218 之上。於其他具體實施例中，該等光源2丨6可能會被定位 在一撓性基板近端，例如美國專利申請公開案第 2005/0116235號（Schultz等人）中所述者，其標題為 「ILLUMINATION ASSEMBLY 丨。Two or more illumination lighting units that are clamped in the same or other edges of the light guide 230 are included. The illumination unit 207 includes a substrate 2 18 and one or more light sources 216 positioned at the proximal end of the substrate 218. Each of the light sources 216 is capable of producing illumination light generally along an illumination axis 217 that is substantially orthogonal to the substrate 218. The child unit 210 further includes an elongated reflective cavity 212 that includes a curved reflector 214 that is recessed downwardly toward the substrate 2 18 . The substrate 2 18 may be any suitable material. In some embodiments, the substrate 218 may be reflective to reflect light from the light sources 216 propagating in the direction of the substrate 218. The reflective substrate 218 may have an average reflectance for visible light emitted by the light sources 216 of at least 90% '95%, 98%, 99%, or higher. The reflective substrate 218 may be a reflector that is mirror-finished, diffused, or mirrored/diffused, without intervening or patterned. In some cases, the reflective substrate 218 can be (d) made of a high reflectivity coated (tetra) metal substrate or a high reflectivity film laminated to a support substrate. The combined N-reflectance material comprises a UhiTM enhanced mirror available from (10) Company 127937.doc -20 - 200837457 Surface Reflector (ESR) multilayer polymer film; by using a 0.4 mil thick isooctyl acrylic acid Pressure Sensitive Adhesive A polyethylene terephthalate film (2 mil thick) loaded with barium sulfate is laminated to a film made of VikuitiTM ESR film. The resulting laminated film is referred to herein as "EDR". II" film; E-60 series 1^1!11^1:1*〇1^1^ polyester film available from Toray Industries, Inc.; porous polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) film, for example Film available from WL Gore & Associates, Inc.; SpectralonTM reflective material available from Labsphere, Inc.; MiroTM anodized aluminum film available from Alanod Aluminum-Veredlung GmbH & Co. (which contains MiroTM 2 film) MCPET high reflexive foamed sheet available from Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd. and White RefstarTM film and MT film available from Mitsui Chemicals, Inc. The reflective substrate 218 may be substantially flat and smooth, or it may have a structured surface associated therewith to enhance light scattering or mixing. The surface of the structure can be applied over (a) the reflective surface of the substrate 218 or (b) onto a clear coating applied to the reflective surface. In the former case, a highly reflective film may be laminated to a substrate in which a structural surface has been previously formed, or a highly reflective film may be laminated to a flat substrate (for example, a thin metal plate such as is commercially available). 3M's VikuitiTM Durable Enhanced Specular Reflector-Metal (DESR-M) Reflector) then forms the surface of the structure, for example using an embossing operation. In the latter case, a transparent film having a structured surface may be laminated to a flat reflective surface, or a transparent film may be applied to the reflector and then a top end of the transparent film may be added. Structural surface. 127937.doc -21 - 200837457 The light sources 216 may be positioned at the proximal end of the substrate 218 such that the light sources 216 are located above the substrate 218, embedded in the substrate 218, or located on the substrate 21 8 Below. For example, the light sources 2丨6 and conductors for providing current to the light sources 216 may be positioned over the substrate 218. In other embodiments, the light sources 2丨6 may be positioned at a proximal end of a flexible substrate, such as described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2005/0116235 (Schultz et al.), entitled ILLUMINATION ASSEMBLY 丨.
ζh J 该照明發光單元2 1 〇可能還包含位在沿該單元2丨〇之外邊 界中的侧面與末端（未顯示），此等側面與末端較佳的係具 有襯裡或者具備高反射率的垂直壁，以便降低光損失並且 改良再循環效率。可以使用與用於反射基板218相同的反 射材料來形成該些壁，或者可以使用一不同的反射材料。 於示範性具體實施例中，該等側壁具有擴散反射性。該等 末端還包含其他反射器，舉例來說，轉動鏡、傾斜鏡膜 等。 被定位在該基板218近端的係一或多個光源216。光源 216可此包含任何合宜的光源或光源之組合，舉例來說， * 針對圖1之光源124所述的光源。 •该照明發光單元21 0還包含包含該彎曲反射器214的細長 反射空腔212。在某些具體實施例中，該彎曲反射器214會 面向該基板218向下凹陷。該彎曲反射器214可能具有任何 合宜的斷面形狀，舉例來說，圓柱形、球形、矩形等。在 某些具體實施例中，該彎曲反射器214在大致上正交於該 127937.doc -22- 200837457 基板218的平面中包含一橢圓斷面。舉例來說，於圖2B中 所說明的具體實施例中，該彎曲反射器214在x-z平面中具 有橢圓斷面。 —顧1而言’橢圓會被定義為一密閉的幾何圖形，其形狀 # 1¾ —細長圓形且對稱於兩個不同長度的軸，也就是，長 轴與短轴。舉例來說，圖3說明一彎曲反射器3 14的斷面 圖’其在圖式之平面中具有一橢圓斷面。圖3還包含一被Ζh J The illumination unit 2 1 〇 may also include side and end (not shown) located in the outer boundary of the unit 2 , which are preferably lined or have high reflectivity Vertical walls to reduce light loss and improve recycling efficiency. The walls may be formed using the same reflective material as used for the reflective substrate 218, or a different reflective material may be used. In an exemplary embodiment, the sidewalls have diffuse reflectivity. The ends also include other reflectors, for example, rotating mirrors, tilting mirrors, and the like. One or more light sources 216 are positioned at the proximal end of the substrate 218. Light source 216 can comprise any suitable source or combination of light sources, for example, * for the light source 124 of Figure 1. • The illumination lighting unit 210 also includes an elongated reflective cavity 212 comprising the curved reflector 214. In some embodiments, the curved reflector 214 will be recessed downwardly toward the substrate 218. The curved reflector 214 may have any suitable cross-sectional shape, for example, cylindrical, spherical, rectangular, or the like. In some embodiments, the curved reflector 214 includes an elliptical cross-section in a plane that is substantially orthogonal to the 127937.doc -22-200837457 substrate 218. For example, in the particular embodiment illustrated in Figure 2B, the curved reflector 214 has an elliptical cross-section in the x-z plane. - As for the 1 ellipse, the ellipse is defined as a closed geometry whose shape # 13⁄4 - is elongated and symmetrical to two axes of different lengths, that is, the long axis and the short axis. For example, Figure 3 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a curved reflector 3 14 having an elliptical cross-section in the plane of the drawing. Figure 3 also contains a
豐加在該彎曲反射器314之上的橢圓302的輪廓，以達說明 的目的。橢圓302包含一長軸350以及一短軸352。該橢圓 還包έ 一第一焦點354與一第二焦點35ό。對被放置在該彎 曲反射器314的第一焦點354處的光源來說，入射在該彎曲 反射器314上之來自該光源的光將會被反射透過該第二焦 點 356 〇 返回參考圖2Α至Β，該反射空腔212係延伸在一與y軸一 致的軸中。換言之，該反射空腔212可被視為藉由沿著y軸 來投射該彎曲反射器214的橢圓斷面所形成的。該彎曲反 射器214會在遠離該輸出表面22〇的方向中會聚於該基板 218。該輸出表面220可能具有任何合宜的形狀。進一步， 該輸出表面220可能會大致上正交於該基板218 ;或者，該 輸出表面220可能會與該基板218傾斜一角度。 ▲於該彎曲反射器2U具有橢圓斷面的具體實施例中，該 彎曲反射器214形成一第一線焦點222，於所說明的具體實 施例中，該第一線焦點222大致上會平行乂軸。 該第一線焦 點222所指的係該彎曲反射器214的橢圓斷面 的第一焦點的 127937.doc -23 - 200837457 集合。該反射空腔212還包含一第二線焦點224，其所指的 係該彎曲反射器214的橢圓斷面的第二焦點的集合。如所 說明，該等光源216會被定位在該第一線焦點222近端。進 一步，該反射空腔212的輸出表面220會被定位在該第二線 焦點224近端。因為該光導230的輸入表面232係被定位在 該反射空腔2 12的輸出表面220近端，所以該輸入表面232 同樣會被定位在該第二線焦點224近端。 該彎曲反射器214可係任何合宜類型的反射器，舉例來 說，一金屬化反射器；或是一多層介電反射器，其包含聚 合物多層光學膜（MOF)反射器。舉例來說，反射器214可 包含ESR。於其他具體實施例中，該反射空腔212可能包 含一具有一表面214的實心光學體，該表面會完全内反射 來自該等光源216的至少一部分光。 該彎曲反射器214可能會被定位成讓由該彎曲反射器214 部分形成的橢圓的長軸會平行該基板218。於其他具體實 施例中，該長轴可能會被定位在與該基板2 1 8形成一角度 處，使得該彎曲反射器的第二線焦點224會靠近該光導230 的輸入表面232的中央區。 該彎曲反射器214與該基板218形成一空間226。空間226 可能會被填充或者可能為空的。於空間226被（例如）一透明 的光學體填充的具體實施例中，該反射器214便可能會被 附接至該主體的外表面。可以使用任何合宜的透明材料來 填充該空間226，舉例來說··玻璃；丙烯酸酯，其包含聚 甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚苯乙烯、氟聚合物；聚酯，其包含聚 127937.doc -24· 200837457 對苯二甲酸乙二酯（PET)、聚萘二甲酸乙二酯（PEN)、以及 含有PET或PEN或兩者的共聚物；聚烯烴，其包含聚乙 烯、聚丙烯、聚環狀烯烴，同排、雜排、以及對排立體異 構物的聚烯烴’以及由金烯觸媒（Metaii〇cene)聚合所產生 的聚烯烴。其他合宜的聚合物還包含聚醚醚酮與聚醚醯亞 胺。在美國專利案第7,〇7〇,3〇1號（Magarill)中說明反射空 腔的不同組態。 一般而言，來自光源216的照明光的至少一部分大體上 會沿著照明軸217朝該反射器214被射出。因為光源216係 被定位在該反射器214的第一線焦點222近端，所以該照明 光的一部分會被該反射器214反射朝向該第二線焦點224。 該光導230的輸入表面232(其係被定位在該反射器214的第 二線焦點224近端）會接收該反射光。光導230可能包含擷 取特徵（舉例來說，圖1的擷取特徵丨32)，其會將來自該照 明發光單元210的光重新引導至該光導230外面。 於該等光源216包含產生不同光之波長之光源的具體實 施例中，該反射空腔212會讓該照明光在大致上平行圖2A 至B之y軸的方向中擴大，從而提供混合各種波長的光。換 言之，該反射空腔212内的照明光一般會被侷限在該x-z平 面之中並且會被允許在χ-y平面之中擴大，且因此能夠混 合各種波長的光用以提供白光至光導230。 舉例來說，光源216可能包含一第一光源，其能夠產生 第一波長處的照明光，以及一第二光源，其能夠產生不同 於第一波長之第二波長的光。進一步，舉例來說，該第一 127937.doc -25- 200837457 波長可能位於藍色區，而該第二波長可能位於黃色區。接 著便可於該反射空腔212内混合該藍光與黃光，以便提供 白光至光導230。 在某些具體實施例中，該等光源2 16可能包含一第三光 源，其能夠產生不同於該等第一與第二波長之第三波長處 的照明光。舉例來說’該第一波長可能位於紅色區，該第 二波長可能位於綠色區，而該第三波長可能位於藍色區。 接著便可於該反射空腔212内混合該紅光、綠光、以及藍 光’以便提供白光至光導230。於反射空腔212内可以提供 任何數量的不同波長發射光源。 該照明發光單元210的輸出表面22〇會被定位在該光導 230的輸入表面232近端。在某些具體實施例中，該單元 2 10與忒光導230可能係單一整體，使得該輸出表面22〇與 该輸入表面232為相同表面。於其他具體實施例中，可能 會在該輸出表面220與該輸入表面232之間定位一或多個光 學元件。该等一或多個光學元件可能包含任何合宜的光學 το件，舉例來說：光學耦合劑，例如黏著劑或折射率匹配 液體或膠體，光學亮度增強膜，例如BEF(可購自3M公 司），以及短波長吸收材料，例如紫外光吸收染料與顏 料；反射偏光膜，例如DBEF(同樣可購自公司）；擴散 器；透鏡；受控透射膜；以及其組合。舉例來說，參見美 國專利申請公開案第2006/0291238號（Epstein等人）。 光導230可能包含任何合宜的光導，舉例來說，中空或 實心光導。雖然所說明的光導23〇具有平面的形狀，不過 127937.doc -26- 200837457 光導230可能具有任何合宜的形狀，舉例來說，楔形、圓 主形、平面、錐形、複合模製 ^ , 逆步，光導230 人“ 3壬何合宜的材料。舉例來說，光導⑽可能包 ::玻璃；丙烯酸酿，其包含聚甲基丙埽酸甲S旨、聚苯乙 烯、氟聚合物；聚酯，其包含聚對笨二甲酸乙二酯 (PET)、聚萘：甲酸乙：s|(pEN)、以及含有ρΕτ或刪^ 兩者的共聚物；聚浠烴，其包含聚乙烯1丙烯、聚環狀The outline of the ellipse 302 above the curved reflector 314 is summed for illustrative purposes. The ellipse 302 includes a major axis 350 and a minor axis 352. The ellipse also includes a first focus 354 and a second focus 35ό. For the light source placed at the first focus 354 of the curved reflector 314, light from the light source incident on the curved reflector 314 will be reflected through the second focus 356. That is, the reflective cavity 212 extends in a shaft that coincides with the y-axis. In other words, the reflective cavity 212 can be considered to be formed by projecting an elliptical section of the curved reflector 214 along the y-axis. The curved reflector 214 will converge on the substrate 218 in a direction away from the output surface 22A. The output surface 220 may have any convenient shape. Further, the output surface 220 may be substantially orthogonal to the substrate 218; alternatively, the output surface 220 may be inclined at an angle to the substrate 218. In a particular embodiment where the curved reflector 2U has an elliptical cross-section, the curved reflector 214 forms a first line focus 222. In the illustrated embodiment, the first line focus 222 is substantially parallel. axis. The first line focus 222 refers to the set of 127937.doc -23 - 200837457 of the first focus of the elliptical section of the curved reflector 214. The reflective cavity 212 also includes a second line focus 224 that refers to a collection of second focuses of the elliptical cross-section of the curved reflector 214. As illustrated, the light sources 216 are positioned at the proximal end of the first line focus 222. Further, the output surface 220 of the reflective cavity 212 will be positioned at the proximal end of the second line focus 224. Because the input surface 232 of the light guide 230 is positioned proximal to the output surface 220 of the reflective cavity 222, the input surface 232 is also positioned at the proximal end of the second line focus 224. The curved reflector 214 can be any suitable type of reflector, for example, a metallized reflector; or a multilayer dielectric reflector comprising a polymeric multilayer optical film (MOF) reflector. For example, reflector 214 can include an ESR. In other embodiments, the reflective cavity 212 may comprise a solid optical body having a surface 214 that will totally internally reflect at least a portion of the light from the light sources 216. The curved reflector 214 may be positioned such that the long axis of the ellipse formed by the curved reflector 214 portion is parallel to the substrate 218. In other embodiments, the major axis may be positioned at an angle to the substrate 2 18 such that the second line focus 224 of the curved reflector approaches the central region of the input surface 232 of the light guide 230. The curved reflector 214 forms a space 226 with the substrate 218. Space 226 may be filled or may be empty. In a particular embodiment where the space 226 is filled, for example, by a transparent optical body, the reflector 214 may be attached to the outer surface of the body. Any suitable transparent material can be used to fill the space 226, for example, glass; acrylate, which comprises polymethyl methacrylate, polystyrene, fluoropolymer; polyester, which comprises poly 127937.doc - 24· 200837457 Ethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), and copolymers containing PET or PEN or both; polyolefins, including polyethylene, polypropylene, polycyclic Olefin, homopoly, miscellaneous, and para-stereoisomers of polyolefins' and polyolefins produced by polymerization of a metalene catalyst (Metaii〇cene). Other suitable polymers also include polyetheretherketone and polyetherimide. Different configurations of reflective cavities are described in U.S. Patent No. 7, 〇7〇, 〇3〇1 (Magarill). In general, at least a portion of the illumination light from source 216 is generally emitted toward illumination 214 along illumination axis 217. Because the light source 216 is positioned at the proximal end of the first line focus 222 of the reflector 214, a portion of the illumination light is reflected by the reflector 214 toward the second line focus 224. The input surface 232 of the light guide 230, which is positioned at the proximal end of the second line focus 224 of the reflector 214, receives the reflected light. The light guide 230 may include a capture feature (e.g., capture feature 32 of Figure 1) that redirects light from the illumination unit 210 to the outside of the light guide 230. In a particular embodiment where the light sources 216 comprise light sources that generate wavelengths of different light, the reflective cavity 212 expands the illumination light in a direction substantially parallel to the y-axis of Figures 2A-B to provide mixing of various wavelengths. Light. In other words, the illumination light within the reflective cavity 212 will typically be confined within the x-z plane and will be allowed to expand in the χ-y plane, and thus can mix light of various wavelengths to provide white light to the light guide 230. For example, light source 216 may include a first light source capable of producing illumination light at a first wavelength and a second light source capable of producing light at a second wavelength different from the first wavelength. Further, for example, the first 127937.doc -25-200837457 wavelength may be in the blue region and the second wavelength may be in the yellow region. The blue and yellow light can then be mixed within the reflective cavity 212 to provide white light to the light guide 230. In some embodiments, the light sources 2 16 may include a third light source capable of producing illumination light at a third wavelength different from the first and second wavelengths. For example, the first wavelength may be in the red zone, the second wavelength may be in the green zone, and the third wavelength may be in the blue zone. The red, green, and blue light can then be mixed within the reflective cavity 212 to provide white light to the light guide 230. Any number of different wavelengths of emission sources can be provided within the reflective cavity 212. The output surface 22 of the illumination lighting unit 210 will be positioned at the proximal end of the input surface 232 of the light guide 230. In some embodiments, the unit 2 10 and the xenon light guide 230 may be unitary such that the output surface 22 is the same surface as the input surface 232. In other embodiments, one or more optical components may be positioned between the output surface 220 and the input surface 232. The one or more optical components may comprise any suitable optical component, such as an optical coupling agent such as an adhesive or index matching liquid or colloid, an optical brightness enhancement film such as BEF (available from 3M Company). And short wavelength absorbing materials such as ultraviolet light absorbing dyes and pigments; reflective polarizing films such as DBEF (also available from the company); diffusers; lenses; controlled transmission films; See, for example, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2006/0291238 (Epstein et al.). Light guide 230 may comprise any suitable light guide, for example, a hollow or solid light guide. Although the illustrated light guide 23 has a planar shape, the light guide 230 may have any suitable shape, for example, a wedge shape, a circular shape, a plane, a cone, a composite mold, and a reverse Step, light guide 230 people "3" suitable materials. For example, light guide (10) may include: glass; acrylic brewing, which contains polymethyl phthalic acid, S, polystyrene, fluoropolymer; polyester And comprising polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polynaphthalene: formic acid B:s|(pEN), and a copolymer containing ρΕτ or ^, and a polyfluorene hydrocarbon comprising polyethylene propylene, Polycyclic
烯烴’同排、雜排、以及對排立體異構物的聚烯烴，以及 由金烯觸媒聚合所產生的聚烯烴。其他合宜的聚合物還包 含聚醚醚酮與聚醚醯亞胺。在某些具體實施例中，該光導 230可能係由與用於照明發光單元21〇相同的材料所製成。 於其他具體實施例中，該光導23〇可能為中空。 圖4說明一背光4〇〇的另一具體實施例。背光4〇〇包含： 一光導430，其包含一第一輸入表面432 ;以及一照明發光 單元410，其包含一被定位在該光導43〇之輸入表面432近 端的輸出表面420。與於圖2Α至Β中所說明之具體實施例 的光導230與照明發光單元21 〇有關的所有設計可能方式與 探討均同樣適用於圖4中所說明之具體實施例的光導430與 照明發光單元410。 背光400的照明發光單元410在許多方面均與圖2之背光 200的照明發光單元210類似。該單元410包含一基板418以 及被定位在該基板418近端的一或多個光源416。每一個光 源416均能夠產生大體上沿著一大致上正交於該基板418之 照明軸417的照明光。該單元410還包含一細長的反射空腔 127937.doc -27- 200837457 412’其包含一面向該基板418向下凹陷的彎曲反射器 414。在某些具體實施例中，該彎曲反射器414在大致上正 父於該基板4 18的平面（舉例來說，在圖4中為χ·ζ平面）中包 含一橢圓斷面。該光源416會被定位在該空腔412的第一線 焦點454近端，而該空腔412的輸出表面420會被定位在該 空腔412的第二線焦點456近端。 單元410與圖2A至B的單元210之間的一差異係反射空腔 412在定位於該等光源416與該反射空腔412的輸出表面42〇 之間包含至少一小面424。該小面424可能係由任何合宜的 反射材料所形成，舉例來說，金屬、聚合物等。在某些具 體實施例中，小面424可能包含一聚合物多層光學膜，舉 例來說’ ESR。於其他具體實施例中，-該反射空腔412可 月b包含一具有於其中形成該小面424的實心光學體。此小 面424可能會經過整形，使得其提供一反射入射光的表 面。該小面424可能會被形成在該反射空腔之中、被形成 在該基板之上、被附接至該基板等。 忒小面424可能包含任何合宜的形狀，使得入射光會被 引導朝向该輸出表面420。雖然圖4中所說明的具體實施例 僅具有一個小面，不過如所述的二或多個小面可包含二個 直接入射光。 單元410與圖2A至B的單元21〇之間的另一差異係該橢圓 弓曲反射器414會與該光導430的輸入表面432傾斜一角 度，使得該第二線焦點456會被定位在該輸入表面432的一 中央區近端。換言之，該橢圓彎曲反射器414的長軸458並 127937.doc -28 - 200837457 未正父於该光導43〇的輸入表面432。長轴458可斑該光導 430的輸入表面43 2傾斜任何合宜的角度。因為來自於定位 在δ亥弟"線焦點4 5 4近端的光源4 16的光會被引導至該第-線焦點456，所以藉由該彎曲反射器414來引導的光錐將會 在其位於該第二線焦點456處之χ-ζ平面中的最窄輪腐處。 藉由將該光導430的輸入表面432放置在該第二線焦點456 處，便可以減小該光導4 3 0的寬度d，同時仍可讓該光導 43 0補捉離開該照明發光單元41〇的光之中的部分。減小光 導430的厚度d還能夠降低背光400的重量與成本。 圖5 5兒明一为光500的另一具體實施例。背光5〇〇包含： 一光導530’其包含一第一輸入表面532; —第一照明發光 單元510，其具有一被定位在該光導530之輸入表面532近 端的輸出表面520 ;以及一第二照明發光單元54〇，其具有 一被定位在該輸入表面532近端的輸出表面550。與於圖2A 至B中所說明之具體實施例的光導23〇與照明發光單元2 1〇 有關的所有設計可能方式與探討均同樣適用於圖5中所說 明之具體實施例的光導530、第一照明發光單元510、以及 第二照明發光單元540。 第一單元510及第二單元54〇會被定位在光導530的相同 輸入表面532近端。如圖5中所說明，第二單元540會相對 於該第一單元510來旋轉，使得能夠更輕易地提供與光源 546相連的電連接。第二單元54〇可被定位在任何合宜的方 位或者依照該第一單元5 10來定位，使得該第一單元5 1 〇與 該第二單元54〇兩者均會被定位在光導53〇的相同輸入表面 127937.doc •29- 200837457 532近端。雖然圖5中描述被定位在光導53〇的輸入表面532 近端的照明發光單元510、540，不過背光5〇〇仍可能包含 被疋位在讜光導5 3 0的其他邊緣中的一或多個額外照明發 光單元， 本文所述的背光可以使用任何合宜的技術來製造。舉例 來說，圖2A至B的背光200可藉由先在基板218之上提供光 源216來製造。接著便可使用任何合宜的技術在基板218之 上形成反射空腔2 12。於一示範性具體實施例中，可以藉 由模製在該等光源216與基板2 18之上形成一實心反射空腔 212，使得該等光源會被包裝在反射空腔212内。此種組態 能夠保護該等光源216，因為反射空腔212基本上會囊封該 等光源216。接著便可使用任何合宜的技術來將該照明發 光單元210定位在該光導23〇的輸入表面232近端。舉例來 說，單元210可被附接至該輸入表面232、可被固定在該輸 入表面232旁邊的正確位置處、或者接觸該輸入表面232 等。在某些具體實施例中，單元21〇可以使用一合宜的黏 著劑（舉例來說，Norland OP29、OP21、OP40、或 Summers SK9)被附接至該輸入表面232。或者，該反射空 腔212與光導230可能係被模製在該等光源216與基板218之 上的單一器件。 接著便可使用任何合宜的技術將該彎曲反射器214定位 在該反射空腔212之上或旁邊。舉例來說，可以將一金屬 塗層塗敷或沈積在該反射空腔212的外表面之上。倘若該 彎曲反射器214包含一聚合物多層光學膜的話，那麼便可 127937.doc -30- 200837457 以使用任何合宜的技術（舉例來說，使用光學黏著劑附接） 將此膜附接至該反射空腔212。 倘若該反射空腔212係中空的話（也就是，並未使用液體 或固體材料來填充空間226)，那麼便可以使用任何合宜的 技術將該彎曲反射器214定位在該等光源216與光導230近 端。舉例來說，可以將該彎曲反射器214的一端附接至或 固定在該基板218上的正確位置處，並且將該彎曲反射器 214的另一端附接至或固定在該光導230的輸入表面232之 上或旁邊的正確位置處。倘若該彎曲反射器214包含一聚 合物多層光學膜（舉例來說，ESR)的話，那麼便可使用任 何合宜的技術（舉例來說，熱成形）來將該膜形成所需的斷 面形狀。用於形成聚合物多層光學膜的合宜技術在美國專 利案第6,788,463號（Merrill等人）中進一步說明，其標題為Olefins of the same row, miscellaneous, and aligned stereoisomers, as well as polyolefins produced by polymerization of a gold catalyst. Other suitable polymers also include polyetheretherketone and polyetherimine. In some embodiments, the light guide 230 may be made of the same material as used to illuminate the light emitting unit 21A. In other embodiments, the light guide 23〇 may be hollow. Figure 4 illustrates another embodiment of a backlight 4A. The backlight 4A includes: a light guide 430 including a first input surface 432; and an illumination illumination unit 410 including an output surface 420 positioned at a proximal end of the input surface 432 of the light guide 43A. All of the design possibilities and discussions of the light guide 230 and illumination illumination unit 21A of the specific embodiment illustrated in Figures 2A through 3 apply equally to the light guide 430 and illumination illumination unit of the particular embodiment illustrated in Figure 4. 410. The illumination lighting unit 410 of the backlight 400 is similar in many respects to the illumination lighting unit 210 of the backlight 200 of FIG. The unit 410 includes a substrate 418 and one or more light sources 416 positioned at the proximal end of the substrate 418. Each of the light sources 416 is capable of producing illumination light substantially along an illumination axis 417 that is substantially orthogonal to the substrate 418. The unit 410 also includes an elongated reflective cavity 127937.doc -27-200837457 412' which includes a curved reflector 414 that is recessed downwardly toward the substrate 418. In some embodiments, the curved reflector 414 includes an elliptical section in a plane that is substantially patriarchal to the substrate 418 (e.g., a χ·ζ plane in Fig. 4). The source 416 will be positioned at the proximal end of the first line focus 454 of the cavity 412, and the output surface 420 of the cavity 412 will be positioned at the proximal end of the second line focus 456 of the cavity 412. A difference between the unit 410 and the unit 210 of Figures 2A-B is that the reflective cavity 412 includes at least one facet 424 between the source 416 and the output surface 42A of the reflective cavity 412. The facets 424 may be formed from any suitable reflective material, such as metals, polymers, and the like. In some embodiments, facet 424 may comprise a polymeric multilayer optical film, for example ' ESR. In other embodiments, the reflective cavity 412 can include a solid optical body having the facet 424 formed therein. This facet 424 may be shaped such that it provides a surface that reflects incident light. The facet 424 may be formed in the reflective cavity, formed over the substrate, attached to the substrate, or the like. The facet 424 may comprise any suitable shape such that incident light will be directed toward the output surface 420. Although the embodiment illustrated in Figure 4 has only one facet, the two or more facets as described may include two direct incident lights. Another difference between unit 410 and unit 21A of Figures 2A-B is that the elliptical bow reflector 414 is angled with the input surface 432 of the light guide 430 such that the second line focus 456 is positioned at the The proximal end of a central region of the input surface 432. In other words, the long axis 458 of the elliptical curved reflector 414 and 127937.doc -28 - 200837457 are not properly affixed to the input surface 432 of the light guide 43A. The long axis 458 can be tilted at any suitable angle from the input surface 43 2 of the light guide 430. Since the light from the light source 4 16 positioned at the proximal end of the δHai "line focus 454 will be directed to the first line focus 456, the light cone guided by the curved reflector 414 will It is located at the narrowest wheel rot in the χ-ζ plane at the second line focus 456. By placing the input surface 432 of the light guide 430 at the second line focus 456, the width d of the light guide 410 can be reduced while still allowing the light guide 43 0 to be captured away from the illumination unit 41. Part of the light. Reducing the thickness d of the light guide 430 can also reduce the weight and cost of the backlight 400. Figure 5 shows a further embodiment of the light 500. The backlight 5A includes: a light guide 530' including a first input surface 532; a first illumination light unit 510 having an output surface 520 positioned at a proximal end of the input surface 532 of the light guide 530; A second illumination unit 54A has an output surface 550 positioned at a proximal end of the input surface 532. All of the design possibilities and discussions associated with the light guide 23A of the embodiment illustrated in Figures 2A-B and the illumination illumination unit 2 1〇 apply equally to the light guide 530 of the embodiment illustrated in Figure 5, An illumination light unit 510 and a second illumination light unit 540. The first unit 510 and the second unit 54A are positioned at the proximal end of the same input surface 532 of the light guide 530. As illustrated in Figure 5, the second unit 540 will rotate relative to the first unit 510, such that the electrical connection to the light source 546 can be more easily provided. The second unit 54A can be positioned in any suitable orientation or positioned in accordance with the first unit 5 10 such that both the first unit 5 1 〇 and the second unit 54 会 are positioned at the light guide 53 〇 Same input surface 127937.doc • 29- 200837457 532 proximal end. Although the illumination lighting unit 510, 540 positioned at the proximal end of the input surface 532 of the light guide 53A is depicted in FIG. 5, the backlight 5A may still contain one or more of the other edges that are clamped on the edge of the light guide 530. The additional illumination lighting unit, the backlight described herein can be fabricated using any suitable technique. For example, the backlight 200 of Figures 2A-B can be fabricated by first providing a light source 216 over the substrate 218. Reflective cavities 2 12 can then be formed over substrate 218 using any suitable technique. In an exemplary embodiment, a solid reflective cavity 212 can be formed over the light source 216 and the substrate 2 18 by molding such that the light sources are packaged within the reflective cavity 212. Such a configuration can protect the light sources 216 because the reflective cavity 212 substantially encapsulates the light sources 216. The illumination illuminating unit 210 can then be positioned at the proximal end of the input surface 232 of the light guide 23A using any suitable technique. For example, unit 210 can be attached to the input surface 232, can be secured at the correct location beside the input surface 232, or contact the input surface 232 or the like. In some embodiments, unit 21A can be attached to the input surface 232 using a suitable adhesive (for example, Norland OP29, OP21, OP40, or Summers SK9). Alternatively, the reflective cavity 212 and the light guide 230 may be molded as a single device over the light source 216 and the substrate 218. The curved reflector 214 can then be positioned above or beside the reflective cavity 212 using any suitable technique. For example, a metal coating can be applied or deposited over the outer surface of the reflective cavity 212. If the curved reflector 214 comprises a polymeric multilayer optical film, then 127937.doc -30-200837457 can be attached to the film using any suitable technique (for example, using an optical adhesive attachment). The cavity 212 is reflected. If the reflective cavity 212 is hollow (i.e., no liquid or solid material is used to fill the space 226), the curved reflector 214 can be positioned adjacent the light source 216 and the light guide 230 using any suitable technique. end. For example, one end of the curved reflector 214 can be attached to or fixed at the correct location on the substrate 218, and the other end of the curved reflector 214 can be attached to or secured to the input surface of the light guide 230. The correct position above or on the 232. If the curved reflector 214 comprises a polymeric multilayer optical film (e.g., ESR), then any suitable technique (e.g., thermoforming) can be used to form the film into the desired fracture shape. A suitable technique for forming a polymeric multilayer optical film is further described in U.S. Patent No. 6,788,463 (Merrill et al.), entitled
「POST_FORMABLE MULTILAYER OPTICAL FILMS AND METHODS OF FORMING」。 除非與本發明直接牴觸，否則本揭示内容以引用的方式 將本文中明破併入的所有參考文獻與公開案完整併入。在 本揭示内容的範疇内可對本文與參考文獻所討論的本揭示 内容之解釋性具體實施例進行改變。熟習本技術的人士便 ^明白該些與其他變化及修正，其並未脫離本揭示内容的 料，且應該瞭解的係，本揭㈣容並*受限於本文所提 ^的解釋性具體實施例。據此，本揭示内容僅受限於下文 提出的申請專利範圍。 【圖式簡單說明】 127937.doc -31- 200837457 圖1為一邊緣光液晶顯示系統的一具體實施例的示意斷 面圖。 圖2 A至B為一包含一照明發光單元與一光導的一背光的 一具體實施例的示意斷面圖。 圖3為一具有一具橢圓斷面形狀的彎曲反射器的反射空 腔的一具體實施例的示意斷面圖。 圖4為一包含一照明發光單元與一光導的一背光的另一 具體實施例的示意斷面圖。"POST_FORMABLE MULTILAYER OPTICAL FILMS AND METHODS OF FORMING". All references and publications incorporated herein by reference are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety in their entirety in their entirety herein The illustrative embodiments of the present disclosure discussed herein with reference to the references are subject to change within the scope of the present disclosure. Those skilled in the art will understand that these and other variations and modifications are not departing from the scope of the present disclosure, and that it should be understood that the disclosure is limited by the illustrative implementation of the present disclosure. example. Accordingly, the disclosure is limited only by the scope of the claims presented below. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a specific embodiment of an edge light liquid crystal display system. 2A through B are schematic cross-sectional views of a particular embodiment of a backlight including an illumination unit and a light guide. Figure 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a particular embodiment of a reflective cavity having a curved reflector having an elliptical cross-sectional shape. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a backlight including an illumination unit and a light guide.
圖5為一在一光導的一輸入表面近端包含兩個照明發光 單元的一背光的一具體實施例的示意斷面圖。 X 【主要元件符號說明】 100 顯不裔 112 背光 114 基底反射器 120 照明發光單元 124 光源 130 光導 132 光擷取特徵 150 液晶（LC)影像形成面板 152 LC 層 154 面板平板 156 上吸收偏光器 158 選用層 160 下吸收偏光器 127937.doc -32 - 200837457 170 光管理膜 172 擴散器 174 反射偏光器 176a 第一亮度增強層 176b 第二亮度增強層 178 偏光控制層 200 背光 210 照明發光單元 212 反射空腔 214 彎曲反射器 216 光源 217 照明軸 218 基板 220 輸出表面 222 第一線焦點 224 第二線焦點 226 空間 230 光導 232 第一輸入表面 302 橢圓 314 彎曲反射器 350 長軸 352 短軸 354 第一焦點 127937.doc •33- 200837457 356 第二焦點 400 背光 410 照明發光單元 412 反射空腔 414 彎曲反射器 416 光源 417 照明軸 418 基板 420 輸出表面 424 小面 430 光導 432 第一輸入表面 454 弟* 線焦點 456 弟一線焦點 500 背光 510 第一照明發光單元 530 光導 532 第一輸入表面 540 第二照明發光單元 546 光源 550 輸出表面 127937.doc -34-Figure 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a particular embodiment of a backlight including two illumination units at the proximal end of an input surface of a light guide. X [Description of main component symbols] 100 Representation 112 Backlight 114 Base reflector 120 Illumination illumination unit 124 Light source 130 Light guide 132 Light extraction feature 150 Liquid crystal (LC) image forming panel 152 LC layer 154 Panel plate 156 Upper absorption polarizer 158 Select layer 160 lower absorption polarizer 127937.doc -32 - 200837457 170 light management film 172 diffuser 174 reflective polarizer 176a first brightness enhancement layer 176b second brightness enhancement layer 178 polarization control layer 200 backlight 210 illumination light unit 212 reflection empty Cavity 214 Curved reflector 216 Light source 217 Illumination shaft 218 Substrate 220 Output surface 222 First line focus 224 Second line focus 226 Space 230 Light guide 232 First input surface 302 Ellipse 314 Curved reflector 350 Long axis 352 Short axis 354 First focus 127937.doc •33- 200837457 356 Second Focus 400 Backlight 410 Illumination Lighting Unit 412 Reflecting Cavity 414 Curved Reflector 416 Light Source 417 Illumination Shaft 418 Substrate 420 Output Surface 424 Facet 430 Light Guide 432 First Input Surface 454 Brother* Line Focus 456 brother's first line focus 500 backlight 5 10 First illumination unit 530 Light guide 532 First input surface 540 Second illumination unit 546 Light source 550 Output surface 127937.doc -34-