200823296 九、發明說明： t發明所屬之技術領域j 發明領域 本發明係有關一種構建皮革剝層機之部件的方去，以 5及依該方法所製成的部件，和含有一或多數該等部件的皮 革剝層機。 【先前技術3 發明背景 已知皮革剝層機（亦稱為“剝層機”)可被用來气士 /、 10割獸皮或類似材料，以便獲得半成品嗣再送至後續的加: 部門（例如鞋面的製造)。 通常，一剝層機會有一工作站，料皮片會在其中被移 近或推向-可動的帶刃(被套緊於二飛輪之間而被驅動)，嗜 帶刃會與-或更多固設於適當支座上的相對刀片來配合操 作’而使皮片能被該帶刃與各相對刀片的組合作用沿其厚 度切分。 ^ 雖上述的習知技術已被使用多年，並曾有許多改良的 修正，但其仍有一些缺點。 事實上，由於要待加玉之材料㈣性(及所要獲得之半 20成品的較小厚度）’該等刀刀乃需有較小的橫向尺寸或厚 度’因此該等刀刃會相當細薄， 寻故在磨損方面會遇到很多 問題。 刃片切緣的磨損，將會 刃片本身，此將導致成 此外，該刀刃的磨損，尤其是 使加工品質減降，且必須時常更換 5 200823296 本增加並降低生產率。 為消除該缺點，許多不同的處理方式曾被採用來改善 該等刃片的機械品質，而來提升其硬度及/或耐磨性；通 常，該等處理係包括控制施加於該等刃片的熱能量，以使 • 5 其被加熱至預定溫度及/或預定的聚結狀態，然後再回復 至原來溫度；此即習知所謂的“淬火硬化，，處理。 由此等熱處理所獲得的結果在任何情況下並不能對刀 _ 刃提供一超過預定限度的性能改善。 此外，傳統的熱處理會太過於影響構成該可動帶刃之 10材料的硬度，而令其較不適於通過該等分割飛輪並在其移 動行程中變形（亦能彈性回復）。 要指出的是，傳統的熱處理之最後結果會依被加熱材 料的種類而有很大的不同；具言之，其可獲得的性能改善 會與存在於被加工之鋼或鑄鐵材料中的碳有極大關係，並 15亦會受到一般存在於金屬合金内之其它化學物的影響。 φ 而且，使用於該等刃片之熱處理並不能應用於其它種 類的非鐵材料，例如聚合材料(其將會被衰化或甚至以不可 逆的方式來喪失其正確形狀）。 C發明内容2 20 發明概要 本發明之-目的係為提供—種構義層機之部件的方 例如該等帶刃及各相對切刀(但若有須要亦可包括該機 盗本身的其它部件），而能夠克服上述的性能限制。 本發明之又-目的係為提供一種能夠改善刻層機之部 6 200823296 - 件之抗磨知特性的方法，其可最小化(或甚至消除)材料硬度 的可能變異，或在任何情況下保持該材料的良好彈性(例如 針對可動帶刃）。 5 q要陳明的是所謂“抗磨損性，，係指對磨擦損耗和“黏滯” 她(即知77絲滯於被加卫皮料所發生的磨損），以及 疲乏磨損等之阻抗能力。 本t月的又另-目的係為提供—種可使會滑動磨擦之 • 材料上的潤滑/抗磨擦之塗層更為耐用的方法。 1〇 I本發明的職㈣要指—方法可被用於鞋廠、以 ^皮革概、純、車鱗，和鞣皮廠與皮革加工廠的 剝層機。 同時’應請瞭解本發明之標㈣可適用於由不同及非 土屬材料或甚至非鐵金屬（例如聚合材料等）所製成的剝層 機構件。200823296 IX. OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION: TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a component for constructing a leather stripping machine, 5 and parts made according to the method, and containing one or more of these Parts of the leather stripping machine. [Prior Art 3] Background of the Invention It is known that a leather stripping machine (also referred to as a "stripping machine") can be used for a gas//10 cut hide or the like in order to obtain a semi-finished product and then send it to a subsequent addition: For example, the manufacture of the upper). Usually, a delamination opportunity has a workstation in which the smear will be moved closer or pushed-movable with a blade (which is driven between the two flywheels), and the blade will be and/or more fixed. The opposing blade on the appropriate support cooperates to operate to allow the skin to be segmented along its thickness by the combination of the blade and the opposing blades. ^ Although the above-mentioned prior art has been used for many years and there have been many improvements, there are still some shortcomings. In fact, due to the material (four) of the material to be added (and the smaller thickness of the half-finished product to be obtained), the cutters need to have a small lateral dimension or thickness, so the blades will be quite thin. There are many problems with the search for wear and tear. The wear of the cutting edge of the blade will be the blade itself, which will result in the wear of the blade, especially the degradation of the processing quality, and must be replaced from time to time. 5 200823296 This increase and reduce productivity. To eliminate this disadvantage, many different treatments have been employed to improve the mechanical quality of the blades to enhance their hardness and/or wear resistance; typically, such treatments include control applied to the blades. The heat energy is such that it is heated to a predetermined temperature and/or a predetermined coalescence state, and then returned to the original temperature; this is known as "quench hardening, treatment. The results obtained by such heat treatment. In any case, it is not possible to provide a knife-edge with a performance improvement exceeding a predetermined limit. Furthermore, the conventional heat treatment may affect the hardness of the material constituting the movable blade 10 too much, making it less suitable for passing the segmented flywheel. And deformed during its moving stroke (also elastically recoverable). It should be pointed out that the final result of the traditional heat treatment will vary greatly depending on the type of material being heated; in other words, the performance improvement that can be obtained will It is highly dependent on the carbon present in the steel or cast iron material being processed, and 15 is also affected by other chemicals normally present in the metal alloy. The heat treatment of the blades cannot be applied to other types of non-ferrous materials, such as polymeric materials (which will be degraded or even lose their correct shape in an irreversible manner). C SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 2 20 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The purpose is to provide a means for constructing a component of the layering machine, such as the blade and the opposing cutters (but may also include other components of the pirate itself if necessary) to overcome the performance limitations described above. A further object of the present invention is to provide a method for improving the anti-wear properties of a part of the layering machine 6 200823296, which minimizes (or even eliminates) possible variations in material hardness, or in any case Keep the material in good elasticity (for example, for movable tapes). 5 q to be clarified is the so-called "wear resistance," refers to the friction loss and "viscous" she (that is, knowing that the 77 stagnation is added to the skin The wear and tear of the material, as well as the resistance to fatigue and wear. Another purpose of this month is to provide a more durable method of lubricating/anti-friction coatings that can be used for sliding friction. 1〇 I The job of the invention (4) means that the method can be used in shoe factories, leather, pure, car scales, and peeling machines for fur factories and leather processing plants. At the same time, it should be understood that the standard (4) of the present invention can be applied to a delaminator member made of different and non-earth materials or even non-ferrous metals (e.g., polymeric materials, etc.).
15、上述及其它的目的乃可藉_種構製剝層機部件的方 及藉如此衣成之部件本身，和包含一或多數依本發明 (之該方法所製成)的部件而來達成，它們具有中請專利範圍 述的祕並會被以一非限制性的實施例來說明於後。 C貧施方式】 20較佳實施例之詳細說明 依據本發明的方法主要包含一步驟，即提供一剝層機 的至少一元件或部件。 視該元件的性質、 何製造方法，例如模製 構造和材料而定 成型’機器加工 ，該元件可被以任 一固體或擠押等而 7 200823296 來製成。 又’能方便地藉由本發明之方法來實施的剝層機之“元 件或部件”乃可例如為： 固定或可動切刃，即為/般存在於剝層機中之“帶，，式 5刃片；及/或 會與該等切刃互鎖的導塊；及/或 該等切刃本身的導引線及/或定心裝置；及/或 待加工物的導引線裝置；及/或 剝層機之所謂的“固定量規（或尺)，，；及/或 1〇 可附設一或多數上述“元件或部件，，的一或多數支撐 板；及/或 飛輪/傳動輪。 簡言之，該方法包含一熱處理該等元件或部件的步 驟，而在本發明的範圍内，此熱處理步驟又包含一將該等 15元件或部件低溫冷却的次步驟。 更詳言之，要陳明該“低溫冷却”之意，至少在本發明 中係指-種由該等元件或部件除去熱能而使其溫度接近 “絕對零度，，值的製程。 換言之，該低溫冷却次步驟會使構成該元件或部件的 如材料儘可能接近_赃的溫度。最後，將可看出本方法能 令經處理的部件達到一大約_8(rc的重大性能改良。 —在該待加工之剝層機部件中的溫度減降 ^二如下的預 疋時間標準來獲得，以免其結構變脆，此問題在冷却太快 ㈣會發生；針對本發明的目的，乃可看出該低溫冷却步 8 200823296 驟係得以一等於或大於12小時的溫度逐降時間來進行（直 到例如上述的溫度）。 用以進行所述低溫冷却的技術手段能以液態或氣態氮 或適用於該目的的其它化學成分為代表。 5 通常，所要冷却的部件會被置於一高度絕緣的腔室 内，並先以氣態氮預冷之後再浸入液態氮中，或該整體冷 却循環可藉控時調整地將氣態氮注入該腔室内而來控制。 在5亥低溫冷却的次步驟之後’該方法更包含另一-欠+ 驟即將該部件保持在一固定的低溫歷經一段預定時間；較 10 好是，該溫度係為在前一次步驟結束時的溫度。 又為能確保有效率地處理整個加工部件，此溫声保持 的次步驟可為大約24小時的持續時間。 依據本發明，該熱處理步驟更包含一將加工部件加熱 至一最終溫度的次步驟；此最終溫度最好係為“室溫”，戋 15該部件於該剝層機正常操作狀態下的溫度。 較好是，此加溫次步驟(取決於材料特性及/或強制加 熱的實際需求)亦會以一溫度重升時間斜線來進行；針對本 發明的目的，此溫度重升時間可為大約12小時。 另要指出的是，在該冷却、保持及加熱等各次步驟的 2〇時間長度可被選擇成令其能在具有一整體較短的處理循環 (俾有較低的管理和製造成本），及確保在預定時間循環中炉 凡成結構轉變程序而不會造成結構本身的脆化或張力等各 希求之間達到良好的折衷妥協。 視當時的需求而定，該方法亦可適用於非金屬戈非鐵 9 200823296 材料所製成的部件，例如至少部份由聚合材料製成的部件。 有利的是，該方法能被應用於至少部份由鐵金屬材料 構成的部件；於此情況下，該方法更包含—將該鐵金屬材 料的沃斯赠構至少雜地轉變成細散晶體結構的次步驟。 換言之，該方法被應用於鐵材料時可將由較大且不規 則顆粒所構成之金屬材料結構(即“沃斯田，，結構)的殘餘部 份’經由低溫冷却(及後續的操作次步驟)來轉變成—且有較15. The above and other objects are achieved by the construction of the components of the stripping machine and by the components thus formed, and by the inclusion of one or more components according to the invention. They have the secrets of the scope of the patent application and will be described by way of a non-limiting example. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The method according to the present invention primarily comprises the step of providing at least one component or component of a stripping machine. Depending on the nature of the component, the method of manufacture, such as the molding construction and the material, the machine can be formed by any solid or extrusion, etc. 7 200823296. Further, the "element or component" of the stripping machine that can be conveniently implemented by the method of the present invention can be, for example, a fixed or movable cutting edge, that is, a "belt," which is present in the stripping machine. a blade; and/or a guide block that interlocks with the cutting edge; and/or a guide wire and/or centering device of the cutting edge itself; and/or a guide wire device of the object to be processed; / or the so-called "fixed gauge (or ruler) of the stripping machine, and / or 1" can be attached to one or more of the above "components or components," one or more support plates; and / or flywheel / drive wheel Briefly, the method includes the step of heat treating the elements or components, and within the scope of the present invention, the heat treatment step further includes a sub-step of subcooling the 15 components or components. More specifically, It is to be understood that the term "low temperature cooling" means, at least in the present invention, a process in which the heat energy is removed from the components or components to bring the temperature close to "absolute zero," the value. In other words, the sub-cooling sub-step will cause the material or component that constitutes the component or component to be as close as possible to the temperature of 赃. Finally, it will be seen that the method can achieve a significant performance improvement of the treated component by approximately _8 (the temperature reduction in the part of the stripper to be machined) Obtained so as not to make the structure brittle, this problem occurs when the cooling is too fast (4); for the purpose of the present invention, it can be seen that the low temperature cooling step 8 200823296 is carried out by a temperature drop time equal to or greater than 12 hours. (until, for example, the temperature described above.) The means for performing the cryogenic cooling can be represented by liquid or gaseous nitrogen or other chemical components suitable for this purpose. 5 Typically, the components to be cooled are placed in a highly insulated state. The chamber is first pre-cooled with gaseous nitrogen and then immersed in liquid nitrogen, or the overall cooling cycle can be controlled by injecting gaseous nitrogen into the chamber by controlled time. After the sub-step of 5 Hai low temperature cooling' The method further comprises another - under + step of maintaining the component at a fixed low temperature for a predetermined period of time; rather than 10, the temperature is the temperature at the end of the previous step. In order to ensure efficient processing of the entire machined part, the sub-step of maintaining the temperature sound can be for a duration of about 24 hours. According to the invention, the heat treatment step further comprises a second step of heating the machined part to a final temperature; The final temperature is preferably "room temperature", 戋15 the temperature of the part under normal operation of the stripping machine. Preferably, this heating step (depending on material properties and / or actual demand for forced heating) It will also be carried out with a temperature ramp-up time ramp; for the purposes of the present invention, the temperature rise time can be about 12 hours. It is also noted that the cooling, holding and heating steps are 2 hours. The length can be chosen such that it has an overall shorter processing cycle (with lower management and manufacturing costs) and ensures that the structural transformation process is performed in a predetermined time cycle without causing brittleness of the structure itself. A compromise between compromises and tensions is achieved. Depending on the needs at the time, this method can also be applied to parts made of non-metallic Gefei iron 9 200823296 materials, examples a component at least partially made of a polymeric material. Advantageously, the method can be applied to a component that is at least partially composed of a ferrous metal material; in this case, the method further comprises - the wrought iron metal material of Voss The sub-step of transforming at least the heterogeneous structure into a fine crystal structure. In other words, when the method is applied to an iron material, the metal material structure composed of large and irregular particles (ie, "Worthian, structure") can be used. The residual portion is converted to - via a sub-cooling (and subsequent sub-steps)
小且規則晶粒的結雜“麻田散，，結構），其可使該金屬㈣ 本身更為密實且内部均勻。 1〇必匕外，在該麻田散結構中的強制冷却會促進微碳沈澱 析出該結構外，而能提升該麻田散基質本身的強度。 因此將可瞭解，在本發明的範圍内，上述之= 的轉化步驟會至少與低溫冷却次步驟同時進行。B曰… 而且，該方法亦能實施於非鐵材料的部件上（壁如聚合 15材料，其通常不能承受高溫而不衰化）；於此情況下，在 該材料内部，新的分子排列會發生於其結構“晶格，，中，致 使該結構由於分子鍵的強化而更為強固。 ▲不論構成不同部件的材料特性如何，本發明亦可包含 :亥:件的穩定化步驟；此穩定化步驟較好是以加熱"或 5周溫來達成。 例如，針對金屬部件，則右告 6 、】在達到至溫的步驟之後，會 冉加熱/升溫至一 16〇t鱼, I80°c …一 ，、22〇c之間的溫度，且更好係為 時間和操作溫度會甚有 依據當時的需要而定，其曝露 20 200823296 關於該部件材料的特性及/或質量/形狀。 本發明亦有關前述之剝層機的部件’但亦可包括未明 述於前的其它元件(其可被裝在一剝層機上）；最好該等部件 能依以上說明及以下申請專利範圍所述的方法來製成。 5 同樣地，本發明亦有關可被使用於不同產銷鎖域的剝 層機，該機器會設具一或多數依據上述方法所製成的部件。 為更完整地說明，更要指出該方法能有利地實施於（固 疋和了動式）切刃，會與該等切刃互鎖的導塊，用於可動切 刃的導件和定心裝置(典型稱為“導刃滾輪，，），用以支撐及/ 1〇或導引線待加工物的板片，飛輪/傳動輪，或所謂的“固定 量規”（即一剝層機決定該機器中之材料的配合精度、切割 高度和配合順暢性的部件）。 本發明能夠達到重大的優點。 首先，依本發明之方法所製成的剝層機部件會對磨損 15 (磨擦、黏滯和疲乏磨損）且有更佳的阻抗性，更佳的材料釋 定性，更能散熱且更耐熱。 此外，上述的性能改良乃可在受處理材料幾乎保持相 同硬度下來獲得；換言之，本發明將會使其硬度的增加最 小化，因此得能避免所有的相關問題。 20 *言之，本發明能使被處理部件的整體壽命即操作時 間，視被剝層的材料而定(皮革、薄皮或鱷魚皮），比依傳統 製造方法所獲得的部件耐料間更長3()%至8()%。又，除了 更長的耐用時間之外，本發明亦會改善切割能量和品質， 故可令其較容易或甚至得能加工以往需要繁複操作或不能 11 200823296 加工的材料。 【圖式簡單說明】 (無） 【主要元件符號說明】 (無） 12Small and regular grain nodules "Ma Tian San, structure", which makes the metal (4) itself denser and more uniform inside. 1 〇 〇 , 强制 强制 强制 强制 强制 强制 强制 强制 强制 强制 强制 强制 强制 强制 强制 强制 强制 强制 强制 强制In addition to the precipitation of the structure, the strength of the matrix itself can be increased. It will thus be appreciated that within the scope of the invention, the conversion step of the above = will occur at least simultaneously with the sub-step of the subcooling. B曰... The method can also be applied to parts of non-ferrous materials (walls such as polymer 15 materials, which generally cannot withstand high temperatures without decay); in this case, within the material, a new molecular arrangement will occur in its structure "crystal The lattice, in the middle, causes the structure to be stronger due to the strengthening of molecular bonds. ▲ Regardless of the material characteristics constituting the different components, the present invention may also include: a stabilization step of the member; the stabilization step is preferably achieved by heating " or 5 weeks of temperature. For example, for metal parts, right, 6 , after the step of reaching the temperature, will heat / warm up to a temperature of 16 〇t fish, I80 ° c ... one, 22 〇 c, and better The time and operating temperature will depend on the needs at the time, and it will be exposed to 20 200823296 regarding the characteristics and/or quality/shape of the material of the part. The invention also relates to the aforementioned components of the stripping machine 'but may also include other elements not previously described (which may be mounted on a stripping machine); preferably these parts can be as described above and the following patent claims The method described is made. 5 Similarly, the present invention also relates to a delaminator that can be used in different production lock zones, which machine is provided with one or more components made in accordance with the above method. For a more complete description, it is further pointed out that the method can be advantageously implemented on (solid and dynamic) cutting edges, guide blocks that interlock with the cutting edges, guides and centering for movable cutting edges Device (typically referred to as "guide blade roller,"), a plate for supporting and / / guiding the wire to be processed, a flywheel / transmission wheel, or a so-called "fixed gauge" (ie a stripping machine) The invention determines the fitting accuracy, the cutting height and the smoothness of the materials in the machine. The invention can achieve significant advantages. First, the parts of the stripping machine made according to the method of the invention will wear 15 (friction, Viscous and fatigue wear) and better resistance, better material release, more heat dissipation and more heat resistance. In addition, the above performance improvement can be obtained under the same hardness of the treated material; in other words, this The invention will minimize the increase in hardness, so that all related problems can be avoided. 20 * In other words, the present invention enables the overall life of the component to be treated, that is, the operation time, depending on the material to be peeled off (leather, Thin skin or crocodile skin) The material obtained by the conventional manufacturing method is longer than 3 ()% to 8 ()%. Moreover, in addition to the longer durability time, the present invention also improves the cutting energy and quality, so that it can be compared It is easy or even possible to process materials that have previously required complicated operations or cannot be processed in 200823296. [Simple description of the drawings] (None) [Explanation of main component symbols] (None) 12