TW200816818A - Efficient framing schemes for supporting VCM/ACM in digital satellite transmission systems - Google Patents

Efficient framing schemes for supporting VCM/ACM in digital satellite transmission systems Download PDF

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TW200816818A
TW200816818A TW096107926A TW96107926A TW200816818A TW 200816818 A TW200816818 A TW 200816818A TW 096107926 A TW096107926 A TW 096107926A TW 96107926 A TW96107926 A TW 96107926A TW 200816818 A TW200816818 A TW 200816818A
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Taiwan
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frame
communication system
digital communication
frames
digital
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TW096107926A
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Chinese (zh)
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TWI319686B (en
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Fengwen Sun
Ming Yang
Yimin Jiang
Guofang Sheng
Zhenliang Shi
Yingjiu Xu
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Availink Inc
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04H—BROADCAST COMMUNICATION
    • H04H20/00—Arrangements for broadcast or for distribution combined with broadcast
    • H04H20/65—Arrangements characterised by transmission systems for broadcast
    • H04H20/71—Wireless systems
    • H04H20/74—Wireless systems of satellite networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04H—BROADCAST COMMUNICATION
    • H04H60/00—Arrangements for broadcast applications with a direct linking to broadcast information or broadcast space-time; Broadcast-related systems
    • H04H60/68—Systems specially adapted for using specific information, e.g. geographical or meteorological information
    • H04H60/73—Systems specially adapted for using specific information, e.g. geographical or meteorological information using meta-information

Abstract

A digital communication system and method using a digital signal having a plurality of frames to transmit data, including a first frame and a second frame, wherein each of the plurality of frames has a frame structure; and wherein the first frame has, a plurality of codewords comprising user data, and a Next Frame Composition Table to set the structure for the second frame, and wherein the second frame has at least one codeword.

Description

200816818 九、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 星通 於可變/自適應編碼和調變方案的更好的支援。棱么、對 【先前技術】 現代數位通信系統的目的在於以高 ^ ^ 和低成本的硬體實現來將音頻/視頻 二贡見效率 發送到目的地，以用於商孝競爭料位元從源 設計上的主要問題涉及符同==的:接收機 同步包括在符碼級將接收的資料流程务夺序 ?二“很關鍵，其中每幅包括許多資： 酬載。標頭通常包括幅同步以及有效有效 碼速率的重要資訊。有效酬载通常包含由^首=缝和編 實際資料。帧結構設計對於整㈣統性;的 以造就高性能的接收機，能 :二好的幅格式可 速幢捕捉、可靠跟縱（時間和頻率鎖定開銷實現快 和/或誤幀率表示的系統性能。、、 進以誤位元率200816818 IX. Description of the invention: [Technical field to which the invention pertains] Star is better supported by variable/adaptive coding and modulation schemes. [Prior Art] The purpose of the modern digital communication system is to send audio/video tribute efficiency to the destination with high hardware and low-cost hardware implementation for the commercial filial competition. The main problem in source design involves the same ==: Receiver synchronization includes the data flow that will be received at the symbol level. Second, it is very critical, each of which includes many resources: payload. The header usually includes Synchronization and important information about the effective effective code rate. The effective payload usually consists of ^ first = seam and edit the actual data. The frame structure is designed for the whole (four) system; for the high performance receiver, can: two good format Fast-track capture, reliable and vertical (time and frequency lock overhead to achieve fast and / or frame rate representation of the system performance.,, into the bit error rate

的數位衛星通信標準如DVB 母一幀具有固定數目的編瑪 DVB-S2中， 支援不同調變方案和前向改^ ACM兩者都 馬（）、、扁竭的符碼的數 200816818 目和/或有效負載的長度隨著幀變化。例如，在具 ，貧訊位70㈣統中，如果這些位元按速率1/2編竭 付到2400個編碼的位元。當採用QpSK調變器時， 效於譲個QPSK符碼，因為每一 QpSK符碼表 兀ji_PSK調變中，這將等效於8⑻個8_PSK符碼，因 為每-符碼表示三位元。此外，對於每一編碼速率DVB⑻ 有兩個LDPC碼，長的一個具有648〇〇個編碼的位元，而 短1 一個具有16·個編碼的位元。因此，根據採用何種 调變方案2 FEC碼，每-幢將具有不同的符碼長度/數目。 幢長上的這-差別使得接收機設計獅化，而這通常又由 於各種通錢真，如群時延（gn)updelay)、背景雜訊、鄰 迢和/或其他干擾而進一步複雜化。 【發明内容】 、本發明的一個優點在於通過無論採用何種調變方案和 /或^碼速率’保持巾貞長目定來消除上述問題。根據本發明 的貫加例，母一幀以包含被稱為唯一字（仙0此w沉d，uw) 的同步波形的標頭開始，隨後是辅助控制碼（Acc)，該碼 才曰月田鈿幀中第一個編碼字的調變方案和編碼速率。除編 碼的資料符碼之外，該第一個編碼字還可以包含“下一幀 構成表（next frame composition table，NFCT)，，，以指明 下一幀和/或後續幀中某些或全部編碼字的調變方案^編 碼速率。一幀中符碼的總數或者幀長是固定的。在本發明 的實施例中，接收機知道在ACM/VCM模式中uw位置是 固定的。因此，能夠簡化同步控制。 另一優點在於在ACM模式中能夠同時處理不同調變 200816818 :/，、爲碼速率的資料流程。在目前的系、統，如DVB_s2標 ::’不同調變類型的軸皮保持在不同佇列(—ue)中。 韵特疋的㈣，該传列在其開始發送之前須累積足 简滿—丨貞。因此，這種㈣延遲具有隨機性， :::料的暫態到達速率而波動。根據本發明的各種實 =歹’二能夠在單個幢中發送不同調變_和編碼速率的資 管通f需累積足夠的㈣來填滿-侧碼字，但由 二、^碼字的長度要遠遠短於DVB-S2長碼的長度，因而 w均彳τ列延遲及其變化的程度將小得多。 另#一優點在於，在本發明的各種實施例中，VCM和 ACM=式的唯一字位置和ψ貞長與ccm模式的相同，因此 =CM杈式和ACM模式可與CCM模式相容。由於cCM模 ’廣泛用在廣播服務中’故而這一相容性允許將vCM和 ACM模式方便地集成到現有系統巾，而不會導致巨額的設 備成本。 另一優點在於，根據本發明的各種實施例，VCM模式 二備滿足不同鏈路預异要求的靈活性，而不引起接收機設 叶上的額外成本。—般的，不同的用戶有不同的鍵路預算 (linkbudget)要求。设計VCM模式的目的是允許不同用 :根據其單獨的鏈路預算要求使料同調賴型和編碼速 ^。因此，VCM模式提供了比CCM模式更高的靈活性， 二之相對的’ CCM模式不能隨用戶而改變調變或編碼速 率。儘管翁預算要求隨用戶㈣，但是對於每—用戶鍵 路預算要求常常是H]定的，因此，調變和編碼速率也常常 是固定的。因而，VCM模式的接收機設計不比CCM模式 的更複雜。 200816818 ，據本發明的實施例，導頻符碼的數目能夠改變幢 们2，例中，可以在一悄期間内均勻地插入導頻符 γ 2母—導頻部分中是否使用了導頻符碼以及使用 雜碼’巾貞純減崎化。_㈣VCM和 根據本發明的—個實施例，每—㈣有多個LDPC編 =二ACC僅指明在ACM模式中第一個編碼字的調變和 ’、、'迖率，其餘的編碼字則由先前幀的第一個 NFCT 來蚊。 n-f-Ύ^Ί 符瑪二式的本發明的另—實施例，在實際傳輸中使用導頻 、’、、、、方法通常是固定的’並且將不會逐幢變化。 根據本毛明的又一貫施例，在Acm傳輸中使用nfcT 可以得到較小的傳輸開銷。在dvb_s2中，在標頭中被稱 為MODCOD的特定部分中指明調變和/或編碼速率， MODCOD利用裏德_穆勒（Reed_Muller)碼來編碼調變和 編碼速率資訊。每一 M〇DC〇D具有64個QpSK符碼，用 在一起才能指明一個LDPC編碼字的調變和編碼速率。在 DVB—S2中的ACM模式中，由於M〇DC〇D而引起的傳輸 開銷可能非常高，特別是對於如16APSK和32ApSK等高 階调變方案以及DVB-S2短碼來說更是如此。根據本發明 的另一實施例，利用其速率比DVB_S2標準所使用的裏德_ 穆勒碼高得多的LDPC碼來編碼NFCT。舉例來說，本發 明的各種實施例可以使用1/4速率（DVB-S2中支援的最小 編碼速率）的LDPC編碼器，而DVB_S2中裏德-穆勒碼的 速率是1/16。而且，不同於DVB-S2MODCOD，該第一個 編碼字能夠是任何調變方案，例如，但不限於，qPSK到 32APSK，這能狗進一步降低傳輸開銷。 200816818 根據本發明的實施例，NFCT具有一幀的延遲是因為 接收機一般在第一個編碼字被LDPC解碼器解碼前不知道 該NFCT的内容。通常的，這一幀的延遲對於大多數應用 來說是可接受的。例如，由於下雨和/或其他環境狀況，通 道狀況通常緩慢地變化，因而ACM僅需要偶爾改變調變 和編碼速率。並且，這一幀的延遲與衛星傳輸延遲相比是 可以忽略的，衛星傳輸延遲由於地球同步軌道的高度常常 咼達幾百耄秒。例如，在3〇Msps的符碼速率和3〇,〇〇〇符 碼的幀長的情況下，一幀延遲僅為大約lms。 根據本發明的實施例，對於低符碼速率，延遲敏感的 應用，在ACM模式一幀中的第一個編碼字的調變和/或編 碼速率可以被同一幀的ACC覆蓋，使得該第一個編碼字不 文一幀延遲的影響。因此，該第一個編碼字可用來攜帶延 遲敏感的資料，而其他編碼字可以用於非延遲敏感的資料。 根據本發明的實施例，在數位衛星傳輸系統中為支援 可變/自適應編碼和調變（VCM/ACM)方案而採用有效成 幀方案。在VCM和ACM模式中，調變和編碼速率逐幀改 憂。、歧ACM模式使用回傳通道基於回饋資訊來調節調變 和/或編碼速率。根據本發明的實施例，因為VCM模式下 在一幀内調變/編碼格式不改變，因而對其支持更好。 根據本發明的貫施例，當採用ACM模式時，NFCT 被用在幀的第一個編碼字中，指明下一幀中全部編碼字的 凋交和編碼。因此，不同的編碼字能夠使用不同調變類型 和編碼速率，同時來自所有編碼字的符碼的總數是固定的。 本發明的各種貫施例可以包括，使用數位傳輸的數位 通信系統，所述數位傳輸包括：用於發送資料的多個幀， 200816818 其中該多個幀的每一個都具有一幀結構；其中每一幀包括 幀標頭以及多個編碼字，其中一個編碼字包含設置下一幀 結構的下一幀構成表。 根據本發明的實施例，每一幀中的多個編碼字包括第 一個編碼字，而該下一幀構成表在該第一個編碼字中。 根據本發明的實施例，該數位通信系統採用ACM模 式。 根據本發明的實施例，該數位通信系統採用VCM模 式。 根據本發明的實施例，該下一幀構成表被用來設置下 一幀的結構。 根據本發明的實施例，該下一幀構成表定義每幀的編 碼字數目。 根據本發明的實施例，所述多個幀的每一個都包括至 少一個編碼字。 根據本發明的實施例，接收機可以利用該下一幀構成 表來確定這些編碼字何處開始以及何處結束。 根據本發明的實施例，該下一幀構成表定義用於下一 巾貞的編碼字結構。 根據本發明的實施例，該下一幀構成表定義用於下一 幀的填充結構。 根據本發明的實施例，每一幀中的多個編碼字包括第 一個編碼字，而該下一幀構成表在除該第一個編碼字外的 編碼字中。 根據本發明的實施例，該系統使用下述調變方案中的 11 200816818 至少一種：qPSK、8psk 根據本發明的實施例 或編碼袼式。 16APSK 或者 32APSK。 該第二幀的結構包括調變和/ 才據本發明的實施例，一幢 一 或編碼格式可以枯WWW 弟個、扁碼子的调变和/ 幀標碩中的辅助控制碼所覆蓋。 祆據本發明的實施例，該多個幀中至少 採用不同調變。 义’甲至V個的編碼子 根據本發明的實施例，該 採用不同的FEC碼率。 ㈣至夕_編碼子 根據本發明的實施例，該下 採用ACM模式時的傳輸開銷。冑成林低了在糸統 個編：明的實施例’延遲敏感資料位於-幀的第-=碼子中，而非延遲敏感的資料位於該财的其他編碼 =本，明的實施例，其中在acm模式下能夠同時 务迗具有不同調變和編碼速率的資料流程。 根據本發明的實施例，其中VCM模式和acm模式下 唯子位置和_長度與廣播服務中通常使用的cc 的相同。 八 根據本發明的實施例，其中VCM模式和ACM模式鱼 廣播服務中使用的CCM模式相容。 、 根據本發明的實施例，其中對於VCM模式，調變和 編碼速率對於一幀中所有的編碼字都是固定的。 根據本發明的實施例，VCM模式能夠適應具有不同鏈 路預算要求的不同用戶。 12 200816818 •明的各種實施例包括一種數位通信系統，其中包 =^送數位^號的發射機；以及接收數位信號的接收機； 其中f數位信號包括用於發送資料的多個Φ貞，其中該多個 巾貞的都具有—齡構；並且其中每m括巾貞標頭 ^及夕個編’字，其巾—個編碼字包含絲設置下一幢結 構的下一幀構成表。 、 【實施方式】 料古數位通㈣統與方法係於通過無論採用何種調 ^ ΐ ϊ ί編碼速率’保持巾貞長固絲消除習知問題。根 w〇r/uw\實施例，每i以包含被稱為唯一？（―此 TIrn，对㈣步波形的標頭開始，隨後是辅助控制碼 瑪速率。指明#前巾貞中第—個編碼字的調變方案和編 :人“示、'、碼的資料符碼之外’該第-個編碼字還可以 二二V，—、鴨構成表（腦1 fr_ C〇mp〇sition table, 字的調變方明下—f貞和/或後續财某些或全部編碼 : = 碼速率。一幅中符碼的總數或者悄長是 Ξΐ中υί,發明的實施例中’接收機知道在織/職 权式中—W位置是固定的，因此，能夠簡化同步控制。 另一方面，上述ACM模式中能夠同時處理不同調變 和/或編碼速率的資料流程。在目前的系統，如DVB_ 準中，不同調變類型的#料被保持在不同糾（啊㈣中二 對於，-特定的糾’該糾在其開始發送之前須累積足 夠的貪料以填n因此，這種㈣延遲具有隨機性， 並根據貧料的暫態到達速㈣波動。根據本發明的各種實 施例’能夠在單個财發送不_變類型和編碼速率的資 13 200816818 料。儘管通常需累積足夠的資料來填滿一個編碼字，位由 於該編碼字的長度要遠遠短於DVB-S2長碼的長度，田 而 平均佇列延遲及其變化的程度將小得多。 根據本發明的實施例，第一圖說明發送的幀的示範的 具體幀格式。該幀格式以X-符碼的UW碼（1〇〇1 ) '· (pattern)開始，隨後是Y符碼的ACC ( 1002)，以及 m個均勻分佈的導頻部分（1〇〇4，包括第一導頻、第〜、曾 頻與第m導頻等）所分開的m+i段的編碼的資料（戈= 效酬載資料）（1003，包括有效酬載段丨、有效酬載段1方 有效酬載段m+1等）。該UW被設計用以獲得改進的相^ 特性，用於更快的捕捉。示範的！：;界可以包含關於 ， 的具體資訊。 '、、、。構 根據本發明的又一實施例，每一幀中有效酬載段的數 目（m+l)由按符碼計的幀長度和兩個連續的段之間的距 離確定，這可以出於以最低關提供可#同步的目的而 行設計。對於通道狀況惡劣並採用高維調變的系統，带 使用更S的導頻。此外，每-導頻段的大小也是可調節 =23實施例，在某些情況中可以使用沒有導頻符 轉小開鎖。在此情況下，通f使用低的調變 維數’而通道通常處於良好的狀況。根據本發明的各種實 ::常戶rr導頻符碼的數目可以根據最壞通道狀況和/ 二和/或編碼速率來確定;它們也可以設計用 於不逐幀變化的場合。 t第二圖中所示，在本發明的各種實 ==:DPC編碼字作為有效酬載資料。二 .十保也了間早的解碼器邏輯，其中解碼器不需要跨摘邊界 14 200816818 解碼有效酬栽。 實現此^卜外^字自身可以具有恒定位元長度以簡化解碼 碼速率以具衫㈣機㈣和/或編 綱綈維齡=ACM杈式。幀中編碼字的數目可以取決於 ^ ^。較高的調變維數可以導致—巾貞中有更多的編瑪 次…表1棱供幀貢源的示範分配。在某些實施例中，用戶 可，不連續的；因此’也可以使用該表中所定義的 之夕^格式。從而’在―_末端可能有某些未使用 勺付馬這可以被疋義為虛符碼（dummy symbol)，並可 以按照全零或全一的位元模式來調變。 1 調變 維數 2 4 3 4 5 2 6 4 組合索引 11 12 13 4 6 4 4The digital satellite communication standard, such as the DVB mother-frame, has a fixed number of DVB-S2, and supports different modulation schemes and forward-changing ACMs. / or the length of the payload varies with the frame. For example, in the case of the poor bit 70 (four) system, if these bits are exhausted at a rate of 1/2, 2,200 coded bits are paid. When QpSK modulator is used, it is effective for one QPSK code, because each QpSK code table 兀ji_PSK modulation, this will be equivalent to 8 (8) 8_PSK symbols, because each code represents three bits. In addition, there are two LDPC codes for each coding rate DVB(8), one long with 648 frames of coded bits, and one short with one bit with 16 codes. Therefore, depending on which modulation scheme 2 FEC code is used, each building will have a different symbol length/number. This difference in length makes the receiver design lion, which is often further complicated by various money, such as group delay (gn) updelay, background noise, neighbors, and/or other disturbances. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION One advantage of the present invention is that the above problems are eliminated by the use of any modulation scheme and/or code rate. According to the embodiment of the present invention, the parent frame starts with a header containing a synchronization waveform called a unique word (sweet 0, d, uw), followed by an auxiliary control code (Acc), which is only a month. The modulation scheme and coding rate of the first codeword in the field frame. In addition to the encoded data symbol, the first encoded word may also include a "next frame composition table" (NFCT) to indicate some or all of the next frame and/or subsequent frames. The modulation scheme of the code word is the coding rate. The total number of symbols or the frame length in one frame is fixed. In the embodiment of the present invention, the receiver knows that the uw position is fixed in the ACM/VCM mode. Simplified Synchronization Control. Another advantage is that in the ACM mode, different modulations can be processed simultaneously: 200816818: /, for the code rate data flow. In the current system, system, such as DVB_s2 standard:: 'Different modulation type of shaft Keep in the different queues (-ue). In the rhyme (4), the hash must accumulate sufficient volume before it starts to transmit. Therefore, this (four) delay has randomness, ::: The state arrives at a rate that fluctuates. According to various embodiments of the present invention, it is possible to transmit a different modulation _ and a coding rate in a single building, and to accumulate sufficient (four) to fill the - side codeword, but by two The length of the ^ codeword is much shorter than that of the DVB-S2 long code. The length, and thus the w 彳 τ column delay, and the extent of its variation will be much smaller. Another advantage is that in various embodiments of the invention, the unique word positions and ψ贞 length and ccm modes of VCM and ACM= The same, so =CM and ACM modes are compatible with CCM mode. Since cCM mode is 'widely used in broadcast services', this compatibility allows easy integration of vCM and ACM modes into existing system towels, and There is no significant equipment cost. Another advantage is that, in accordance with various embodiments of the present invention, the VCM mode two sets the flexibility to meet different link pre-requisite requirements without incurring additional costs on the receiver set-up. Different users have different link budget requirements. The purpose of designing the VCM mode is to allow different use: according to its separate link budget requirements, the material is the same as the encoding and encoding speed. Therefore, VCM mode provides The flexibility is higher than the CCM mode, and the relative 'CCM mode cannot change the modulation or coding rate with the user. Although the budget is required by the user (4), the budget requirement for each user is often H] Therefore, the modulation and coding rates are also often fixed. Thus, the receiver design of the VCM mode is no more complicated than the CCM mode. 200816818, according to an embodiment of the invention, the number of pilot symbols can change the buildings. 2. In an example, it is possible to uniformly insert a pilot symbol in the pilot symbol γ 2 mother-pilot portion during a quiet period and use the cipher code to reduce the singularity. _ (IV) VCM and according to the present invention - In one embodiment, there are multiple LDPC codes per-(four) = two ACCs only indicate the modulation and ',,' rates of the first codeword in the ACM mode, and the remaining codewords are from the first NFCT of the previous frame. Mosquitoes. Another embodiment of the invention of n-f-Ύ^Ί 符玛式, the use of pilots in actual transmissions, ', , , , methods are generally fixed' and will not vary from frame to frame. According to the consistent application of Ben Maoming, the use of nfcT in Acm transmission can achieve a small transmission overhead. In dvb_s2, the modulation and/or coding rate is indicated in a particular portion of the header referred to as MODCOD, and MODCOD uses the Reed_Muller code to encode the modulation and coding rate information. Each M〇DC〇D has 64 QpSK codes that are used together to indicate the modulation and coding rate of an LDPC codeword. In the ACM mode in DVB-S2, the transmission overhead due to M〇DC〇D may be very high, especially for high-order modulation schemes such as 16APSK and 32ApSK, and DVB-S2 short codes. According to another embodiment of the present invention, the NFCT is encoded with an LDPC code whose rate is much higher than the Reed_Muller code used by the DVB_S2 standard. For example, various embodiments of the present invention may use an LDPC encoder of 1/4 rate (the minimum encoding rate supported in DVB-S2), while the rate of the Reed-Muller code in DVB_S2 is 1/16. Moreover, unlike DVB-S2MODCOD, the first codeword can be any modulation scheme, such as, but not limited to, qPSK to 32APSK, which can further reduce transmission overhead. 200816818 In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, the NFCT has a one-frame delay because the receiver typically does not know the contents of the NFCT until the first codeword is decoded by the LDPC decoder. In general, the delay of this frame is acceptable for most applications. For example, due to rain and/or other environmental conditions, channel conditions typically change slowly, so ACM only needs to occasionally change the modulation and coding rate. Moreover, the delay of this frame is negligible compared to the satellite transmission delay, which is often hundreds of megaseconds due to the height of the geosynchronous orbit. For example, in the case of a code rate of 3 〇 Msps and a frame length of 3 〇, 〇〇〇 code, the delay of one frame is only about lms. According to an embodiment of the present invention, for a low symbol rate, delay sensitive application, the modulation and/or encoding rate of the first codeword in one frame of the ACM mode may be covered by the ACC of the same frame, such that the first The encoding word is not affected by the delay of one frame. Thus, the first codeword can be used to carry delay-sensitive data, while other codewords can be used for non-delay-sensitive data. In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, an effective framing scheme is employed in a digital satellite transmission system to support variable/adaptive coding and modulation (VCM/ACM) schemes. In VCM and ACM modes, the modulation and coding rates are changed frame by frame. The ACM mode uses the backhaul channel to adjust the modulation and/or coding rate based on feedback information. According to an embodiment of the present invention, since the modulation/encoding format does not change within one frame in the VCM mode, support is better. In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, when the ACM mode is employed, the NFCT is used in the first codeword of the frame to indicate the withering and encoding of all codewords in the next frame. Therefore, different code words can use different modulation types and coding rates, while the total number of symbols from all code words is fixed. Various embodiments of the present invention can include a digital communication system using digital transmission, the digital transmission comprising: a plurality of frames for transmitting data, 200816818 wherein each of the plurality of frames has a frame structure; A frame includes a frame header and a plurality of code words, wherein one code word includes a next frame composition table that sets the structure of the next frame. According to an embodiment of the invention, the plurality of code words in each frame comprise a first code word and the next frame constitutes a table in the first code word. According to an embodiment of the invention, the digital communication system employs an ACM mode. According to an embodiment of the invention, the digital communication system employs a VCM mode. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the next frame composition table is used to set the structure of the next frame. According to an embodiment of the invention, the next frame constitutes a table defining the number of codewords per frame. According to an embodiment of the invention, each of the plurality of frames comprises at least one codeword. In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, the receiver can utilize the next frame composition table to determine where and where these code words begin. In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, the next frame constitutes a coded word structure for the next frame. According to an embodiment of the invention, the next frame constitutes a padding structure for the next frame. According to an embodiment of the invention, the plurality of code words in each frame comprise a first code word and the next frame constitutes a code word in addition to the first code word. According to an embodiment of the invention, the system uses at least one of 11 200816818 in the following modulation scheme: qPSK, 8psk according to an embodiment of the invention or a coded scheme. 16APSK or 32APSK. The structure of the second frame includes modulation and/or in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, and the one-frame or encoding format can be overridden by the WWW, the flat-coded modulation, and the auxiliary control code in the frame. According to an embodiment of the invention, at least different modulations are employed in the plurality of frames. Sense 'A to V coders According to an embodiment of the invention, this uses a different FEC code rate. (D) ___ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Qi Chenglin is lower in the syllabus: the explicit embodiment of the 'delay sensitive data is located in the -= code of the frame, and the non-delay sensitive data is located in the other code of the financial = this, the embodiment, In the acm mode, the data flow with different modulation and coding rates can be simultaneously handled. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the sub-location and _ length in the VCM mode and the acm mode are the same as those commonly used in the broadcast service. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the VCM mode is compatible with the CCM mode used in the ACM mode fish broadcast service. According to an embodiment of the invention, wherein for the VCM mode, the modulation and coding rates are fixed for all code words in a frame. According to an embodiment of the invention, the VCM mode can accommodate different users with different link budget requirements. 12 200816818 • Various embodiments of the invention include a digital communication system in which a transmitter transmits a digits of a digit; and a receiver that receives a digit signal; wherein the f-digit signal includes a plurality of Φs for transmitting data, wherein Each of the plurality of frames has an age structure; and wherein each m-striped frame header and the suffixed word are used, and the towel-code word includes the next frame composition table of the next structure. [Embodiment] The ancient number-numbering system and method are used to eliminate the conventional problem by keeping the length of the 无论 ϊ ί 编码. Root w〇r/uw\ embodiment, every i is included is called unique? (This TIrn starts with the header of the (four) step waveform, followed by the auxiliary control code rate. Indicates the modulation scheme of the first code word in the #前巾贞 and the editor: the person "display, ', code of the data symbol Outside the code, the first code word can also be two or two V, - the duck constitutes a table (brain 1 fr_ C〇mp〇sition table, the word modulation) - f贞 and / or follow-up accounting some or all Coding: = code rate. The total number or length of a medium code is Ξΐ中υ, in the embodiment of the invention, the receiver knows that the W position is fixed in the weaving/authority mode, thus simplifying the synchronization control. On the other hand, in the above ACM mode, the data flow of different modulation and/or coding rates can be processed simultaneously. In the current system, such as DVB_ standard, the materials of different modulation types are kept in different corrections (ah (4) Second, the - specific correction 'the correction must accumulate enough greed to fill in before it starts transmitting. Therefore, this (four) delay has randomness and fluctuates according to the transient arrival speed (four) of the poor material. Various embodiments 'can be used in a single payment without _ variant type and encoding speed 13 13168168. Although it is usually necessary to accumulate enough data to fill a codeword, the bit length is much shorter than the length of the DVB-S2 long code, and the average delay and its variation The degree will be much smaller. According to an embodiment of the invention, the first figure illustrates an exemplary specific frame format of the transmitted frame. The frame format begins with an X-coded UW code (1〇〇1) '· (pattern) , followed by the ACC of the Y symbol (1002), and the m+ of the evenly distributed pilot parts (1〇〇4, including the first pilot, the first, the previous frequency, and the mth pilot, etc.) The encoded information of paragraph i (Gao = effectiveness data) (1003, including the effective payload segment, the effective payload segment, the effective payload segment m+1, etc.). The UW is designed to obtain an improved phase. ^ Characteristics for faster capture. The exemplary !:; bounds may contain specific information about , ', , , , according to yet another embodiment of the present invention, the number of valid payload segments per frame ( m+l) is determined by the length of the frame by the code and the distance between two consecutive segments, which can be based on the minimum Designed for the purpose of synchronization. For systems with poor channel conditions and high-dimensional modulation, use a more S pilot. In addition, the size of each pilot band is also adjustable = 23 embodiments, in some In this case, no pilot can be used to turn the small unlock. In this case, the pass f uses a low modulation dimension 'and the channel is usually in good condition. According to various embodiments of the present invention:: resident rr pilot code The number can be determined based on the worst channel conditions and / and / or encoding rate; they can also be designed for occasions that do not change from frame to frame. t shown in the second figure, in the various real ==: DPC of the present invention The code word is used as the effective payload data. 2. The tenth guarantee also has an early decoder logic, in which the decoder does not need to cross the boundary 14 200816818 to decode the effective compensation. The implementation of this word can itself have a constant bit length to simplify the decoding code rate to have a shirt (4) and/or a programming age = ACM. The number of coded words in a frame may depend on ^^. A higher modulation dimension can result in more comma in the frame... Table 1 provides a model allocation for the tributary source. In some embodiments, the user may be discontinuous; therefore, the format defined in the table may also be used. Thus, there may be some unused spoons at the end of the _. This can be derogated as a dummy symbol and can be modulated in an all-zero or all-one bit pattern. 1 Modulation Dimension 2 4 3 4 5 2 6 4 Combination index 11 12 13 4 6 4 4

根據本發明的各種實施例，編碼字可以由資訊位元和 包括CRC錯誤校驗攔位和/或LDPC錯誤校正欄位的FEC 可偶权驗位元組構成。但並不是所有編碼字都需要設計成 相同的。根據本發明的實施例，在每一幀内，第一個編碼 字（如第三圖中所示）與其他編碼字（如第四圖中所示） 的不同之處在於其包含用於另一幀的標頭資訊。最初的三 個欄位NBYTES、FBYTES和PSTART可以由所有的工作 模式使用。示出的其他欄位，LBYTES、PBYTES以及NFCT 通常在傳送流中不使用。根據本發明的實施例，在典型的 流中，僅在ACM模式中使用NFCT。In accordance with various embodiments of the present invention, the codeword may consist of information bits and FEC arbitrarily identifiable tuples including CRC error check blocks and/or LDPC error correction fields. But not all code words need to be designed to be the same. According to an embodiment of the invention, within each frame, the first codeword (as shown in the third figure) differs from other codewords (as shown in the fourth figure) in that it is included for another Header information for one frame. The first three fields NBYTES, FBYTES and PSTART can be used by all working modes. The other fields shown, LBYTES, PBYTES, and NFCT are typically not used in the transport stream. According to an embodiment of the invention, in a typical stream, NFCT is only used in ACM mode.

根據本發明的各種實施例，該NFCT被設計用於ACM 15 200816818 應用，其中就調變類型和/或編碼速率而言在一幀中每一編 碼字可以獨立於其他編碼字。NFCT定義了當前幀的後續 幀的構成。示範的NFCT可以跟隨在PBYTES之後，並可 以具有表2中所示的句法（syntax )。表2中也示出了相應 的示範位元和位元組位置。 表2 NFCT定義 句法 位元1 良目 保留 信息 Next—Frame—Composition—Table() { Codeword—countjn next frame 4 4 For(i=0;i<=codeword_count_in—next—frame;i++){ Status 1 Modulation 2 Code—rate 4 P adding—in—bytes 16 1 } } 表2中所使用的術語可以具有如下的含義：In accordance with various embodiments of the present invention, the NFCT is designed for use with the ACM 15 200816818 application, where each codeword in a frame can be independent of other codewords in terms of modulation type and/or coding rate. The NFCT defines the composition of subsequent frames of the current frame. The exemplary NFCT can follow PBYTES and can have the syntax shown in Table 2. The corresponding exemplary bit and byte locations are also shown in Table 2. Table 2 NFCT definition syntax bit 1 good retention information Next_Frame—Composition—Table() { Codeword—countjn next frame 4 4 For(i=0;i<=codeword_count_in—next—frame;i++){ Status 1 Modulation 2 Code_rate 4 P adding—in—bytes 16 1 } } The terms used in Table 2 can have the following meanings:

Codeword_count—in next frame:這是一 4 位元欄位， 表示下一幀的LDPC編碼字數減一。編碼字索引i可以從 0 開始到 Codeword_count_in_next_frame2〇。因此，在該實 施例中，一幀中總是發送至少一個編碼字，即，確保發送 每一 i7貞的第一個編碼字。Codeword_count—in next frame: This is a 4-bit field, indicating the number of LDPC coded words in the next frame minus one. The codeword index i can start from 0 to Codeword_count_in_next_frame2. Therefore, in this embodiment, at least one code word is always transmitted in one frame, i.e., it is ensured that the first code word of each i7 is transmitted.

Status : 1位元，表示編碼字狀態。1 =有效酬載，0 = 無有效酬載資料或空編碼字（填充零）。當該位元為〇時， 可以不需要解調和/或解碼該編碼字。Status : 1 bit, indicating the status of the code word. 1 = valid payload, 0 = no valid payload data or empty codeword (fill zero). When the bit is 〇, the codeword may not need to be demodulated and/or decoded.

Modulation : 2位元，表示調變方案。 16 200816818Modulation: 2-bit, indicating the modulation scheme. 16 200816818

Code—rate : 4位元，表示編碼速率。Code_rate : 4-bit, indicating the encoding rate.

Padding jn—bytes :以位元組數表示的在特定編碼字中 填充的零。要以零填充的位元組數由下式給出： 10Padding jn—bytes: A zero padded in a particular codeword expressed as a number of bytes. The number of bytes to be padded with zeros is given by: 10

Nzero — pad = · Τ /=0 其中b15到bu被保留，而b〇表示這16個位元的LSB。 應當理解，某些攔位對於不同的應用可以具有不同的 位元寬度。 還應當理解，當不使用NFCT時，例如在CCM或VCM 模式下，在這兩種模式下幀中所有的編碼字必須使用由 ACC指定的相同的調變和jpEC編碼速率。 在上述本發明之實施例中，VCM和ACM模式的唯一 字位置和幀長與CCM模式的相同，因此VCM模式和ACM 模式可與CCM模式相容。由於CCM模式廣泛用在廣播服 務中，故而這一相容性允許將VCM和ACM模式方便地集 成到現有系統中，而不會導致巨額的設備成本。 根據本發明的各種實施例，VCM模式具備滿足不同鏈 路預异要求的靈活性，而不引起接收機設計上的額外成 本。一般的，不同的用戶有不同的鏈路預算要求。設計VCM 模式的目的是允許不同用戶根據其單獨的鏈路預算要求使 用不同調變類型和編碼速率。因此，VCM模式提供了比 CCM模式更高的靈活性，與之相對的，CCM模式不能隨 用戶而改變調變或編碼速率。儘管鏈路預算要求隨用戶而 變，但是對於每一用戶鏈路預算要求常常是固定的，因此， 調變和編碼速率也常常是固定的。因而，VCM模式的接收 機設計不比CCM模式的更複雜。 17 200816818 根據本發明的實施例，導頻符碼的數目能夠改變幢 長。在該實^例中，可以在—__均勻地插人導頻符 碼。根據在每-導頻部分中是否使用了導頻符碼以及使用 了多少導頻付碼’巾貞長將相應地變化。根據使用VCM和 ACM模式的本發明的另一實施例，在實際傳輸中使用導頻 符碼的方法通常是固定的，並且將不會逐巾貞變化。 根據本舍明的-個實施例，每一巾貞具有多個LDpc編 碼字、。ACC僅指明在ACM模式中第一個編碼字的調變和 編碼速率’其餘的編碼字則由先前巾貞的第一個編碼字 NFCT來指定。 根據本勒明的又一實施例，在Acm傳輸中使用NFCT 可以得到較小的傳輸開銷。在DVB_S2中，在標頭中被稱 為MODCOD的特定部分中指明調變和/或編碼速率， MODCOD利用晨德―穆勒（Reed_Muller)碼來編碼調變和 編碼速率資訊。每一 MODCOD具有64個QPSK符碼，用 在一起才能指明一個LDPC編碼字的調變和編碼速率。在 DVB一S2中的ACM模式中，由於MODCOD而引起的傳輸 開銷可能非常高，特別是對於如16APSK和32APSK等高 P白调麦方案以及DVB-S2短碼來說更是如此。根據本發^ 的另一實施例，利用其速率比DVB-S2標準所使用的裏德_ 穆勒碼高得多的LDPC碼來編碼NFCT。舉例來說，本發 明的各種實施例可以使用1/4速率（DVB-S2中支援的最小 編碼速率）的LDPC編碼器，而DVB-S2中裏德_穆勒碼的 速率是1/16。而且，不同於DVB-S2 MODCOD，該第_個 編碼字能夠是任何調變方案，例如，但不限於，QPSK到 32APSK，這能夠進一步降低傳輸開銷。 18 200816818 接收實施例’ NFCT具有1的延遲是因為 個編碼字被LDPC解碼器解碼前不知道 只 勺内谷。通常的，這一幀的延遲對於大多數庫用 例如’由於下雨和/或其他環境狀況1 緩慢地變化，因而ACM僅需要偶爾改變調變 二、=率。亚且’這一幢的延遲與衛星傳輸延遲相比是 的’衛星傳輸延遲由於地球同步軌道的高度常常 冋違成百耄秒。例如，在30Msps的符碼速率和 碼的幀長的情況下，一幀延遲僅為大約lms。，、 根據本發明的實施例，對於低符碼速率，延 應用，在ACM模式貞中的第—個編碼字的調變和/或編 碼速率可以被同-_批覆蓋，使得該第—個編碼字不 受-巾貞延遲的影響。因此，該第—個編碼字可用來攜帶延 遲敏感的㈣，而其他編碼字可以祕非延遲敏感的資料。 ▲根據本發明的實施例，在數位衛星傳輸系統中為支援 可變/自適應編碼和調變（VCM/ACM)方案而採用有效成 幀方案。在VCM和ACM模式中，調變和編碼速率逐幀改 變。該ACM模式使用回傳通道基於回饋資訊來調節調變 和/或編碼速率。根據本發明的實施例，因為vcm模式下 在一幀内調變/編碼格式不改變，因而對其支持更好 根據本發明的實施例，當採用ACM模式時，nfCT 被用在幀的第一個編碼字中，指明下一幀中全部編碼字的 調變和編碼。因此，不同的編碼字能夠使用不同調變類蜇 和編碼速率，同時來自所有編碼字的符碼的總數是固定的。 本發明的實施例之一為使甩數位傳輸的數位通信系 統，所述數位傳輸包括：用於發送資料的多個幀，其中該 19 200816818 多個幀的每一個都具有一幀結構，其中每一幀包括φ貞標頭 以及多個編碼字’其中一個編碼字包含設置下一 ψ貞結構的 下一幀構成表。 本發明再一實施例係為一種數位通信系統，其中包括 發送數位信號的發射機以及接收數位信號的接收機，其中 該數位信號包括用於發送資料的多個幀，其中該多個幢的 每一個都具有一幀結構，並且其中每一幀包括幀標頭以及 多個編碼字’其中一個編碼字包含用來設置下—鴨结構的 下一幀構成表。 根據本發明的實施例，本發明更至少有以下特徵： 1 ·母一幀中的多個編碼字包括第一個編碼字，而該下 一幀構成表在該第一個編碼字中； 2·數位通信系統採用ACM模式； 3·數位通信系統採用VCM模式； 4·下一幀構成表被用來設置下一幀的結構；Nzero — pad = · Τ /=0 where b15 to bu are reserved, and b〇 denotes the LSB of these 16 bits. It should be understood that some of the barriers may have different bit widths for different applications. It should also be understood that when NFCT is not used, such as in CCM or VCM mode, all code words in the frame in both modes must use the same modulation and jpEC coding rate specified by the ACC. In the embodiment of the invention described above, the unique word position and frame length of the VCM and ACM modes are the same as those of the CCM mode, so the VCM mode and the ACM mode are compatible with the CCM mode. Since CCM mode is widely used in broadcast services, this compatibility allows the VCM and ACM modes to be easily integrated into existing systems without incurring huge equipment costs. In accordance with various embodiments of the present invention, the VCM mode has the flexibility to meet different link pre-requisite requirements without incurring additional costs in receiver design. In general, different users have different link budget requirements. The purpose of the VCM mode is to allow different users to use different modulation types and coding rates based on their individual link budget requirements. Therefore, the VCM mode provides greater flexibility than the CCM mode. In contrast, the CCM mode does not change the modulation or coding rate with the user. Although the link budget requirements vary from user to user, the budget requirements for each user link are often fixed, so the modulation and coding rates are often fixed. Thus, the receiver design of the VCM mode is no more complicated than the CCM mode. 17 200816818 According to an embodiment of the invention, the number of pilot symbols can change the length of the building. In this example, the pilot code can be inserted evenly in -__. Whether or not the pilot code is used in each pilot portion and how many pilot codes are used will vary accordingly. According to another embodiment of the invention using VCM and ACM modes, the method of using pilot symbols in actual transmission is typically fixed and will not change from frame to frame. According to one embodiment of the present invention, each frame has a plurality of LDpc code words. The ACC only indicates the modulation and coding rate of the first codeword in the ACM mode. The remaining codewords are specified by the first codeword NFCT of the previous frame. According to yet another embodiment of the present invention, the use of NFCT in Acm transmission can result in less transmission overhead. In DVB_S2, the modulation and/or coding rate is indicated in a particular portion of the header referred to as MODCOD, and MODCOD encodes the modulation and coding rate information using a Reed_Muller code. Each MODCOD has 64 QPSK symbols that are used together to indicate the modulation and coding rate of an LDPC codeword. In the ACM mode in DVB-S2, the transmission overhead due to MODCOD may be very high, especially for high P white wheat programs such as 16APSK and 32APSK and DVB-S2 short codes. According to another embodiment of the present invention, the NFCT is encoded using an LDPC code whose rate is much higher than the Reed-Muller code used by the DVB-S2 standard. For example, various embodiments of the present invention may use an LDPC encoder of 1/4 rate (the minimum encoding rate supported in DVB-S2), while the rate of the Reed-Muller code in DVB-S2 is 1/16. Moreover, unlike DVB-S2 MODCOD, the _th codeword can be any modulation scheme, such as, but not limited to, QPSK to 32APSK, which can further reduce transmission overhead. 18 200816818 Receive Embodiment The NFCT has a delay of 1 because the codewords are not known to be in the inner valley before being decoded by the LDPC decoder. Typically, the delay of this frame is slow for most libraries, e.g., due to rain and/or other environmental conditions, so the ACM only needs to occasionally change the modulation rate. The delay of the Ya's building is compared to the satellite transmission delay. The satellite transmission delay is often violated by hundreds of seconds due to the height of the geosynchronous orbit. For example, in the case of a code rate of 30 Msps and a frame length of a code, the one frame delay is only about 1 ms. According to an embodiment of the present invention, for a low symbol rate, the application, the modulation and/or encoding rate of the first codeword in the ACM mode 可以 may be covered by the same -_ batch, such that the first The code word is not affected by the delay of the frame. Therefore, the first code word can be used to carry delay-sensitive (4), while other code words can be used to delay sensitive data. ▲ In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, an effective framing scheme is employed in a digital satellite transmission system to support variable/adaptive coding and modulation (VCM/ACM) schemes. In VCM and ACM modes, the modulation and coding rates change from frame to frame. The ACM mode uses the backhaul channel to adjust the modulation and/or coding rate based on feedback information. According to an embodiment of the present invention, since the modulation/encoding format does not change in one frame in the vcm mode, it is better supported. According to the embodiment of the present invention, nFCT is used in the first frame when the ACM mode is employed. Among the code words, the modulation and coding of all code words in the next frame are indicated. Therefore, different code words can use different modulation classes and coding rates, while the total number of symbols from all code words is fixed. One of the embodiments of the present invention is a digital communication system for transmitting digital digits, the digital transmission comprising: a plurality of frames for transmitting data, wherein the 19 200816818 each of the plurality of frames has a frame structure, wherein each One frame includes a φ 贞 header and a plurality of code words 'one of the code words includes a next frame constituting table for setting the next ψ贞 structure. Yet another embodiment of the present invention is a digital communication system including a transmitter for transmitting a digital signal and a receiver for receiving a digital signal, wherein the digital signal includes a plurality of frames for transmitting data, wherein each of the plurality of buildings Each has a frame structure, and each of the frames includes a frame header and a plurality of code words 'one of which contains a table of the next frame used to set the lower-duck structure. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the present invention further has at least the following features: 1. A plurality of code words in a parent frame include a first code word, and the next frame constitutes a table in the first code word; The digital communication system adopts the ACM mode; 3. The digital communication system adopts the VCM mode; 4. The next frame composition table is used to set the structure of the next frame;

5·下一幀構成表定義每幀的編碼字數目； 6. 上述複數個幀的每一個都包括至少一個編碼字； 7. 接收機可以利用該下一幀構成表來確定這些編碼 字何處開始以及何處結束； 一 ^ •下一幀構成表定義用於下一幀的編碼字結構； 9·下一幀構成表定義用於下一幀的填充結構； 10·每一幀中的多個編碼字包括第一個編碼字，而該下 一幀構成表在除該第一個編碼字外的編碼字中； η·通信系統使用QPSK、8PSK、16ApSK或者32ApsK 專調變方案之一； 20 200816818 12·第一幀的結構包括調變和/或編瑪格式； 13·根一幀中第一個編碼字的調變和/或編碼格式可以 被該幀標頭中的輔助控制碼所覆蓋； 14·複數個巾貞中至少—個的編碼字採用不同調變； 15·複數個Φ貞中至少—個的編碼字採用不同❸fEC碼 率； 16·下幀構成表降低了在系統採用ACM模式時的傳 輸開銷； 17·延遲敏感資料位於貞的第_個編碼字中，而非延 遲敏感的資料位於該幅中的其他編碼字中； 18·在ACM模式下能夠同時發送具有不同調變和編碼 速率的資料流程； 1WCM模式和ACM模式下唯一字位置和巾貞長度與廣 播服務中通常使用的CCM模式 肌觀模式和廳模 模式相容； 21·對於VOV[模式，調變和編碼速率對於一幅中所有 的編碼字都是固定的； 22.VCM模式此夠適應具有不同鏈路預算要求的不同 用戶。 —所ί僅為本發明之較佳可行實施例，#因此即 ^，本赉明之專利範圍，故舉凡運用本發明說明書及圖示 内容所為之等效結構變化，均岐包含 之範圍 内，合予陳明。 、 21 200816818 【圖式簡單說明】 第一圖說明根據本發明實施例發送的幀的示範的具體 幀格式。 第二圖說明根據本發明實施例具有採用多個LDPC編 碼字的有效酬載資料結構的示範幀。 第三圖說明根據本發明實施例的幀的第一個LPDC編 碼字的示範格式。 第四圖說明根據本發明實施例的用於其他的LDPC編 碼字的示範格式。 第五圖說明根據本發明實施例示範的NFCT位元和位 元組結構。 【主要元件符號說明】 64符碼的UW 1001 64 符碼 ACC 1002 導頻 1004 有效酬載段 1003 225. The next frame composition table defines the number of code words per frame; 6. Each of the above plurality of frames includes at least one code word; 7. The receiver can use the next frame composition table to determine where the code words are. Start and where to end; a ^ next frame constitutes the definition of the code structure for the next frame; 9. the next frame constitutes the padding structure for the next frame; 10 · more in each frame The codeword includes a first codeword, and the next frame constitutes a codeword in addition to the first codeword; the η·communication system uses one of QPSK, 8PSK, 16ApSK or 32ApsK special modulation schemes; 20 200816818 12· The structure of the first frame includes modulation and/or marshalling format; 13. The modulation and/or encoding format of the first encoded word in the root frame can be used by the auxiliary control code in the frame header Covering; 14· at least one of the plurality of frames has different modulation; 15· at least one of the plurality of Φ贞 uses different ❸fEC code rate; 16·the lower frame constitutes a lowering of the system adoption Transmission overhead in ACM mode; 17. Delay sensitive data In the first codeword of Yu, the non-delay-sensitive data is located in other codewords in the frame; 18. The data flow with different modulation and coding rates can be simultaneously transmitted in ACM mode; 1WCM mode and ACM The unique word position and frame length in the mode are compatible with the CCM mode muscle mode and the mode mode commonly used in broadcast services; 21· for VOV [mode, modulation and coding rate for all code words in a frame Fixed; 22.VCM mode This is sufficient for different users with different link budget requirements. It is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and therefore, the scope of the patent is intended to be within the scope of the present invention. To Chen Ming. 21 200816818 [Simple Description of the Drawings] The first figure illustrates an exemplary specific frame format of a frame transmitted according to an embodiment of the present invention. The second figure illustrates an exemplary frame having an active payload data structure employing a plurality of LDPC codewords in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. The third figure illustrates an exemplary format of a first LPDC encoded word of a frame in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. The fourth figure illustrates an exemplary format for other LDPC codewords in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. The fifth figure illustrates the NFCT bit and byte structure exemplified in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. [Main component symbol description] 64-symbol UW 1001 64 code ACC 1002 pilot 1004 effective payload segment 1003 22

Claims (1)

200816818 十、申請專利範圍： 1、一種使用數位傳輸的數位通信系統，所述數位傳輸包 括： 用於發送資料的複數個幀，其中包括一第一幀和 一第二幀，其中該複數個幀的每一個都具有一幀結 構； 其中該第一幀包括： 包含用戶資料的複數個編碼字，以及 用於設置第二幀的結構的一下一幀構成表，以及 其中該第二幀包括至少一個編碼字。 2、 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的數位通信系統，其中， 該第一幀進一步包括一標頭，而該下一幀構成表在該 標頭中。 3、 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的數位通信系統，其中， 該第一幀中的複數個編碼字包括第一個編碼字，而該 下一巾貞構成表在第一個編碼字中。 4、 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的數位通信系統，其中， 該數位通信系統採用一 ACM模式。 5、 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的數位通信系統，其中， 該數位通信系統採用一 VCM模式。 6、 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的數位通信系統，其中， 該下一幀構成表被用來設置除該第一幀之外的每一 幀的結構。 7、 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的數位通信系統，其中， 該下一幀構成表定義每幀的編碼字數目。 23 200816818 Hi-；：— 該下一幀二.:：第1項所述的數位通信系統，其中， :士束。構成m蚊編碼字何處開始以及何處 10、 1卜 12、 如申請專利範圍第i 該下一幀構成表定義 如申請專利範圍第1 該下一幀構成表定義 如申請專利範圍第1 該第一幀的複數個編 一幀構成表在除第一 項所述的數位通信系統，其中， 鴿碼字的結構。 項所述的數位通信系統，其中， 至少一幀的填充結構。 喟所述的數位通信系統，其中， 《I字包括第一個編碼字，而該下 個編碼字外的編碼字中。200816818 X. Patent Application Range: 1. A digital communication system using digital transmission, the digital transmission comprising: a plurality of frames for transmitting data, including a first frame and a second frame, wherein the plurality of frames Each of the frames has a frame structure; wherein the first frame comprises: a plurality of code words including user data, and a next frame composition table for setting a structure of the second frame, and wherein the second frame includes at least one Code word. 2. The digital communication system of claim 1, wherein the first frame further comprises a header, and the next frame constitutes a header in the header. 3. The digital communication system according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of code words in the first frame comprise a first code word, and the next frame constitutes a table in the first code word. . 4. The digital communication system according to claim 1, wherein the digital communication system adopts an ACM mode. 5. The digital communication system according to claim 1, wherein the digital communication system adopts a VCM mode. 6. The digital communication system according to claim 1, wherein the next frame composition table is used to set a structure of each frame other than the first frame. 7. The digital communication system of claim 1, wherein the next frame constitutes a table defining the number of code words per frame. 23 200816818 Hi-;:- The next frame II.:: The digital communication system described in item 1, wherein: the beam bundle. Where is the beginning of the m mosquito code and where is 10, 1 Bu 12, as in the scope of patent application i. The next frame constitutes a table definition as claimed in the patent scope. The next frame constitutes a table definition as claimed in the patent scope. The plurality of frames of the first frame constitute a table in the digital communication system of the first item, wherein the structure of the pigeon code word. The digital communication system of the item, wherein at least one frame of the filling structure. The digital communication system described above, wherein the "I word includes the first code word and the code word other than the next code word. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的數位通信系統，其中， 該系統採用下述調變類型QPSK、8PSK、16APSK或 者32APSK中的至少一種。 14、如申请專利範圍第1項所述的數位通信系統，其中， 該第二幀的結構包括調變和/或編碼格式。 15、 如申請專利範圍第1項4所述的數位通信系統，其 中，一幀中第一個編碼字的調變和/或編碼格式被輔助 控制碼所覆蓋。 16、 如申請專利範圍第1頊所述的數位通信系統，其中， 該複數個幀的至少一個中的編碼字採用不同的調變。 17、 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的數位通信系統，其中， 該複數個幀的至少/個中的編碼字採用不同的FEC 編碼速率。 24 200816818 18 19 20 21、 11、 23、 24、 d::圍第1項所述的數位通信系統，息中 “下賴絲降低了該彡 ：中， 的傳輸開銷。 碌休用ACM楔式時 圍第1項所述的數位通信系統，发中 非延遲敏感的資料位 中，而 至少-個其他編:^ 利：圍第1項所述的數位通信系統，其中， 料流程。 代达不_變和編碼速率的資 明專!!1㈣第1項所述的數位通信系統，其中， =文位通信系統採用„VCM模式與—MM模式，在 该VCM模式和該ACM模式巾 與一 CCM模式的相同。〇隹予位置和幅長度 如申請專利範圍第i項所述的數位通信系統，其中， 該數位通信系統採用—VCM模式與_ VCM模式和該ACM模式與一 CCM模式相容才、。大 如申請專利範圍第i項所述的數位通料統，其中， 對於VC1V[模式’調變和編碼速率對 有的編碼字都是固定的。 母 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的數位通信系統，其中， 一 VCM模式能夠適應具有不同鏈路預算要求的不同 用戶。 一種數位通信方法，包括·· 發送數位信號；以及 25 25 > 200816818 接收數位信號； 其中該數位信號包括： 用於發送資料的複數個幀，其包括一第一幀和一 第二幀，其中該複數個幀的每一個都具有一幀結構； 並且 其中該第一幀包括： 包含用戶資料的複數個編碼字，以及 用來設置該第二幀的結構的一下一幀構成表，其 中該第二幀包括至少一個編碼字。 26、 一種數位通信系統，其包括： 一發送數位信號的發射機；以及 一接收數位信號的接收機； 其中該數位信號包括： 用於發送資料的複數個幀，其包括一第一幀和一 第二幀，其中該複數個幀的每一幀具有一幀結構； 其中該第一幀包括： 包含用戶資料的複數個編碼字，以及 用來設置該第二幀的結構的下一幀構成表，其中 該第二幀包括至少一個編碼字。 27、 一種採用數位傳輸的數位通信系統，所述數位傳輸包 括： 用於發送資料的複數個幀，其中該複數個幀的每 一幀具有一幀結構，該幀結構包括： 一 t貞標頭，以及 26 200816818 複數個編碼字，其中之一包括用於設置下一幀幀 結構的一下一幀構成表。 28、 一種數位通信方法，包括： 發送數位信號；以及 接收數位信號； 其中該數位信號包括， 用於發送資料的複數個幀，其中該複數個幀的每 一個都具有一幀結構；並且 其中該複數個幀的每一個包括， 幀標頭，以及 包含用戶資料的複數個編碼字，其中這些編碼字 的至少一個包括用於設置下一幀幀結構的下一幀構 成表。 29、 一種數位通信系統，包括： 一發送數位信號的發射機；以及 一接收數位信號的接收機； 其中該數位信號包括； 用於發送資料的複數個幀，其中該複數個幀的每 一幀具有一幀結構； 其中該複數個幀的每一個包括； 一幀標頭，以及 包含用戶資料的複數個編碼字’其中該些編碼字 的至少一個包括用於設置下一幀幀結構的下一幀構 成表。 27The digital communication system according to claim 1, wherein the system employs at least one of the following modulation types QPSK, 8PSK, 16APSK or 32APSK. 14. The digital communication system of claim 1, wherein the structure of the second frame comprises a modulation and/or encoding format. 15. The digital communication system of claim 1, wherein the modulation and/or encoding format of the first encoded word in one frame is covered by the auxiliary control code. 16. The digital communication system of claim 1, wherein the code words in at least one of the plurality of frames are differently modulated. 17. The digital communication system of claim 1, wherein at least one of the plurality of frames of the plurality of frames uses a different FEC encoding rate. 24 200816818 18 19 20 21, 11, 23, 24, d:: The digital communication system described in item 1, in the interest rate, "the lower slash reduces the transmission overhead of the 彡: medium. The digital communication system described in the first item of time is issued in the non-delay-sensitive data bits, and at least one of the other: ^ Lee: the digital communication system described in the first item, wherein the material flow. The digital communication system described in item 1 (4), wherein the = text communication system adopts the "VCM mode and the -MM mode, in which the VCM mode and the ACM mode towel and one The CCM mode is the same. The position and the length of the digital communication system as described in claim i, wherein the digital communication system adopts the -VCM mode and the _VCM mode and the ACM mode is compatible with a CCM mode. As for the digital communication system described in item i of the patent scope, the code words for the VC1V [mode] modulation and coding rate are fixed. The digital communication system described in claim 1 of the patent application, wherein a VCM mode can accommodate different users having different link budget requirements. A digital communication method, comprising: transmitting a digital signal; and 25 25 > 200816818 receiving a digital signal; wherein the digital signal comprises: a plurality of frames for transmitting data, comprising a first frame and a second frame, wherein Each of the plurality of frames has a frame structure; and wherein the first frame comprises: a plurality of code words including user data, and a frame of a frame for setting a structure of the second frame, wherein the The two frames include at least one code word. 26. A digital communication system, comprising: a transmitter that transmits a digital signal; and a receiver that receives the digital signal; wherein the digital signal comprises: a plurality of frames for transmitting data, including a first frame and a a second frame, wherein each of the plurality of frames has a frame structure; wherein the first frame comprises: a plurality of code words including user data, and a frame composition frame for setting a structure of the second frame Where the second frame includes at least one codeword. 27. A digital communication system employing digital transmission, the digital transmission comprising: a plurality of frames for transmitting data, wherein each frame of the plurality of frames has a frame structure, the frame structure comprising: a t贞 header And 26 200816818 A plurality of code words, one of which includes a next frame composition table for setting the frame structure of the next frame. 28. A digital communication method, comprising: transmitting a digital signal; and receiving a digital signal; wherein the digital signal comprises a plurality of frames for transmitting data, wherein each of the plurality of frames has a frame structure; and wherein Each of the plurality of frames includes a frame header, and a plurality of code words including user profiles, wherein at least one of the code words includes a next frame composition table for setting a frame structure of the next frame. 29. A digital communication system comprising: a transmitter for transmitting a digital signal; and a receiver for receiving a digital signal; wherein the digital signal comprises: a plurality of frames for transmitting data, wherein each frame of the plurality of frames Having a frame structure; wherein each of the plurality of frames comprises: a frame header, and a plurality of code words comprising user profiles, wherein at least one of the code words includes a next frame for setting a frame structure of the next frame The frame constitutes a table. 27
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