200535446 玖、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係關於一種大型塑膠鏡片製法，特別是一種應 用於無線光通訊網路上所使用的發射鏡頭或接收鏡頭所使 用的鏡片，此外，亦可應用於大型望遠鏡之使用。 【先前技術】 隨著無線〔Wireless〕通訊環境持續地被發展中，近 年來更隨著無線通訊的需求日益增加，相關的無線通訊技 術也隨之蓬勃發展，其中關於無線光通訊（Free Space200535446 发明 Description of the invention: [Technical field to which the invention belongs] The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a large-scale plastic lens, in particular to a lens used for a transmitting lens or a receiving lens used on a wireless optical communication network. In addition, it can also be applied For use in large telescopes. [Previous technology] With the continuous development of wireless [Wireless] communication environment, in recent years, with the increasing demand for wireless communication, related wireless communication technologies have also flourished. Among them, wireless optical communication (Free Space
Optical)技術，其主要係將數據訊號調變成為雷射訊號， 透過空氣無阻擋，直線傳送資料的寬頻技術，具有頻帶寬 、傳輸速度高、成本低廉、安全性良好等等優點，現今關 於光通訊系統中所使用之訊號變調單位、雷射訊號驅動系 統的技術已經發展成熟，但對於傳輸性能影響最大的重要 關鍵則在於元件的選用與發射/接收鏡頭（天線）的設計與 製造。 由於雷射光在經過長距離的傳輸後，已發散成變成— 大面知例如.1笔拉德（mrad，millirad )發散角在傳輸 1公里後光點會變形成A 1八p 士"， 风马1么尺直徑之光斑，因此如何6 整接收雷射光訊號，盆4* & -fi 、 ，、大面積接收鏡頭之設計與製造，成 為一種技術上關鍵因素。 ,不論是穿透式或是反射式接收鏡頭，大尺寸精密加工 技術便十分重要，同日车斜 % Ί ^對方；大型鏡頭而言，均採用非球面 设什，並非傳統鏡面q _ ^ β方式可以做得到的，因為一般非 200535446 球面鏡面均採用玻璃模造或 、， /对丁 ，且均限於小型鏡片 ，並因模具成本高而不符合 效应，所以在作大型鏡片 守，現階段均以光學材料車削成 .y χ N 107隹兄片，再加以研磨而 成，但球面鏡片要形成聚焦 细人^ β 义須由多片的球面鏡片 組合而成，其校正費時且聚隹处 戽 …、工間加大，所以整個製作程 序軏為繁複，所須要的製作時間 【發明内容】 相對成本局。 有鑑於現今無線光通訊李 一5々小+ Λ糸統及大型望遠鏡對於大型鏡 頭之而求及製造方面的問題成 菸明；^士丨 成本呵、製程複雜的問題，本 毛明人将別經心研究設計出一 ^ ^ 種大型塑膠鏡片製法，以期 減^或克服上述習用方法之問題。 本發明之主要目的在於裎 盆且 、、一種大型塑膠鏡片製法， 八八有成本低、製作時間短、 精度高等優點。 斤I作出之大型塑膠鏡片面 到上述之發明目的，本發明之大 法其包含有下列操作： 71衣 準備塑膠光學材料； 精密車削該塑膠光學材料以成型為鏡片，以 式配合精密車削並對鏡片進行、… 私 化铲肢十， 夕人#正以補償後流程中硬 化鍍域或機械拋光造成的曲 r更 ； 匈偏差，以破面精度更為準確 進行表面硬化鍍膜和/或 推u 次祛械拋光製程修飾鏡片；盥 鍍上一層抗反射鍍膜。 〃 籍由直接精密切削的 式將塑膠光學鏡片切割成型， 6 200535446 而此切割曲面是以修正償經 偏差之曲面校正㈣拋光所造成的 “、 七鏡片表面之面精度，再以鑛 ^機械拋光:善其表面粗糙度及光穿透率，來達到快速 低成本力式製作精確大型塑膠鏡 【實施方式】 < 目的。 本發明之大型塑膠鏡片製法’其為一種光穿透式鏡頭 之製法，該製法之步驟主要係包括有：準備塑膠光學材料 '精密車削該塑膠光學材料以成型為非球面鏡片、進行鐘 ㈣程或機械拋光製程修飾鏡片，與鍍抗反射鍍膜。 請配合參考第一圖’其為本發明之第-種型態的大型 塑膠鏡片製法’在準備歸光學材料的步驟巾本發明中 所使用的塑膠光學材料主要為聚碳酸^旨⑽或聚甲基丙稀 酉夂甲δθ(ΡΜΜΑ，p〇lymethyl此让扣…他，俗稱壓克力）板 材為較佳之選擇，其中特別是聚甲基丙烯酸甲醋板材，由 於聚甲基丙稀酸甲S|具有高透明度，透光率達咖，即使 製成厚板仍然能維持高透明度，為塑膠光學鏡片中最好的 選擇。 將聚曱基丙烯酸甲酯板材利用高精密CNC車床，結合 CAD/CAM程式轉化非球面為CNC加工程式，將聚甲基丙烯 酸甲酯板材車削出非球面鏡面，以精密切削出表面紋路細 緻的鏡片。 車削後的塑膠鏡片表面上經過表面硬化處理形成硬化 膜（hard coa t )，以大幅改善鏡片表面品質，讓鏡片表面鏡 面化以消除散射現象，此種表面硬化膜之材料包括有有機 200535446 石夕酸鹽’或丙稀酸胺基甲酸乙酯（acryHc urethane)等， 其形成技術包括有：浸潰鑛膜與旋轉鍍膜等等。 由於表面硬化製程所塗佈之硬化膜，其增加之厚度不 均勻會造成鏡片表面的曲面變化，因此將塗佈硬化膜製程 之條件確立後，經過三次元量測塗佈層之厚度分佈，回饋 至曲面精密加工程式修改中，將鏡片表面之面精度修正至 預定範圍之p 1 50_、偏差在〇· 〇2_内。 取後，為了提高光透過率以完整接收雷射光，在鏡片 表面之硬化膜上再形成抗反射鍍膜，即完成具有良好聚焦 效果之大型塑膠鏡片。其中，該抗反射鍍膜之材質為氟化 鎂一礼化矽、一氧化鈦等材料，成型方式為真空蒸鐘、 離子電鍍、或電漿聚合等等。 本發明之第二種型態的大型塑膠鏡片製法，請參照第 二圖所示，其製程中之差異，主要係在表面硬化製程被機 械拋光製程所取代，由一拋光輪依CNC程式行走非球面路 ^:但該拋光製程與精密車削之製程同樣藉由一曲面修正 私式相互配合，達到校正面精度的效果，最後㈣上抗反 射鍍膜以完成本發明中的大型塑膠鏡片。 最後明苓妝第二圖，本發明中之第三種型態的大型塑 膠鏡片製法，苴盘第-荆能告、丄 上 , /弟一型怨製法之差異在於在機械拋光製 矛後進步加入表面硬化處理製程，該表面硬化製程與 精密車削製程、機械抛光製冑，同樣藉由—曲面修正程式 相互配合循環，達到校正鏡片面精度的效果，最後再鑛上 抗反射鑛膜以元成本發明中的大型塑膠鏡片。 200535446 由上述况明可知，本發明具有下列特點： ，丨,·藉由塑膠光學材料片材受到精密車削的處理初步成 I JL由表面硬化或機械抛光製程修正鏡面，能直接形成 非球面的大型鏡片，減化了製作程序以降低大型鏡片之製 作時間，提高單位時間的生產量，同日[可以避免使用高 價位之成型模具，以降低生產設備之成本。 2.本么明之製法由精密車削與表面硬化及機械拋光製 L且成I。經由楨岔量測所產生的曲面修正程式來修正鏡 面…Γ以達到準確校正面精度的效果，讓大型塑膠鏡片具 有優良的聚光效果。 ' 士’不上所述，本發明之大型塑膠鏡片製法，可以在製程 ^的h形下，達到製作大型塑膠鏡片的，同時減少萝 作上之設備成本與時間成本，讓無線光通訊中所須要之精 良：5L水焦銃片破大量生產’以製作精密之光學天線(接 收叙頭）’來提咼無線光通訊的普及率，胃無線光通訊的 應用及發展為一項助益顯著的發明，的確為一種極具產業 上利用性之新潁發明，特此具文提出專利申請。 ’、 【圖式簡單說明】 (一）圖式部分 第一圖係為本發明中第—種製法之流程圖。 第一圖係為本發明中第二種製法之流程圖。 第三圖係為本發明中第製法之流程圖。 (二）元件代表符號Optical) technology, which mainly converts data signals into laser signals. Broadband technology that transmits data in a straight line through the air without blocking. It has the advantages of frequency bandwidth, high transmission speed, low cost, good security, etc. The technology of the signal transposition unit and the laser signal drive system used in the communication system has matured, but the most important key to the transmission performance is the selection of components and the design and manufacture of the transmitting / receiving lens (antenna). Since the laser light has diverged into a long distance after transmission, it is widely known that, for example, a 1 mrad (millirad) divergence angle, the light point will change to A 18p after 1km transmission, ", The wind horse has a light spot with a diameter of 1 meter, so how to receive the laser light signal in full. The design and manufacture of the large-area receiving lens 4 * & -fi, become a key technical factor. Regardless of whether it is a penetrating or reflective receiving lens, large-scale precision machining technology is very important. The same day the car is tilted% 对方 ^ each other; for large lenses, aspherical surfaces are used instead of the traditional mirror q _ ^ β method. It can be done, because generally non-200535446 spherical mirrors are made of glass mold or glass, and are all limited to small lenses, and due to the high cost of the mold does not meet the effect, so in the large-scale lens guard, at this stage all use optical The material is turned into .y χ N 107 隹 and then polished, but the spherical lens must be focused ^ β meaning must be composed of multiple spherical lenses, its correction is time-consuming and concentrated ... The work space is increased, so the entire production process is complicated, and the required production time [inventive content] The relative cost bureau. In view of the fact that today ’s wireless optical communication Li Yi 5々Small + Λ 糸 system and large telescopes are seeking for large lenses and manufacturing problems have become obvious; ^ 丨 cost, complex manufacturing problems, this Maoming people will not Through careful research, a large-scale plastic lens manufacturing method is designed to reduce or overcome the problems of the conventional methods. The main purpose of the present invention is to produce a large plastic lens, which has the advantages of low cost, short production time, high precision, and the like. The large plastic lens surface made by Jin I achieves the above-mentioned object of the invention. The method of the present invention includes the following operations: 71. Preparation of plastic optical material; Precision turning of the plastic optical material to form a lens; Proceed, ... Privatize the shovel limbs 10, xiren # is compensating for the hardening plating field or mechanical polishing caused by the post-processing process; Hungarian deviation, the surface hardening coating and / or pushing u times with more accurate surface breaking accuracy Disposable polishing process to modify the lenses; the bathroom is coated with an anti-reflection coating. 〃 The plastic optical lens is cut and shaped by direct precision cutting, 6 200535446, and the cutting surface is corrected by the correction of the curved surface. The surface accuracy of the seven lenses is caused by polishing. : Improve its surface roughness and light transmission rate to achieve fast and low-cost force production of accurate large plastic lenses [Embodiment] < Purpose. The large plastic lens manufacturing method of the present invention is a method for manufacturing a light transmitting lens The steps of the manufacturing method mainly include: preparing plastic optical materials' precision turning of the plastic optical materials to form aspherical lenses, modifying the lenses with a clock or mechanical polishing process, and plating anti-reflection coating. Please refer to the first Fig. 'This is the first type of large-scale plastic lens manufacturing method of the present invention' Steps in preparing optical materials. The plastic optical materials used in the present invention are mainly polycarbonate or polymethyl propylene. A δθ (PMMA, polymethyl concession ... he, commonly known as acrylic) sheet is a better choice, especially polymethyl methacrylate sheet As polymethyl methacrylate S | has high transparency and light transmittance, it can maintain high transparency even if made of thick plates, which is the best choice for plastic optical lenses. Polymethyl methyl acrylate sheet Using high-precision CNC lathes, combined with CAD / CAM programs to convert aspheric surfaces into CNC machining programs, turning polymethyl methacrylate plates into aspherical mirror surfaces, to precisely cut out the lenses with fine surface texture. After turning the plastic lens surface After hardening, a hard coa t is formed to greatly improve the surface quality of the lens and to mirror the surface of the lens to eliminate scattering. The material of this surface hardening film includes organic 200535446 oxalate 'or acrylic acid. Acrylic acid (acryHc urethane), etc., its formation technology includes: immersion ore film and spin coating, etc. As the hardened film coated by the surface hardening process, the increased thickness unevenness will cause the curved surface of the lens surface Changes, so after establishing the conditions for the coating hardened film process, the thickness distribution of the coating layer is measured through three-dimensional measurement, and then returned to the curved surface In the engineering modification, the surface accuracy of the lens surface is corrected to a predetermined range of p 1 50_, and the deviation is within 0 · 〇 2_. After taking it, in order to improve the light transmittance to completely receive the laser light, the hardened film on the lens surface An anti-reflection coating is formed to complete a large plastic lens with good focusing effect. The material of the anti-reflection coating is magnesium fluoride, siliconized silicon, titanium oxide and other materials, and the molding method is vacuum evaporation bell, ion plating, or Plasma polymerization, etc. The second type of large plastic lens manufacturing method of the present invention is shown in the second figure. The difference in the manufacturing process is mainly that the surface hardening process is replaced by a mechanical polishing process and a polishing process is used. Wheels follow the aspheric path according to the CNC program ^: But the polishing process and the precision turning process also cooperate with each other through a curved surface correction to achieve the effect of correcting the accuracy of the surface. Finally, an anti-reflection coating is applied to complete the large-scale in the present invention. Plastic lenses. Finally, the second picture of Mingling makeup, the third type of large plastic lens manufacturing method in the present invention. The surface hardening process is added. The surface hardening process, the precision turning process, and the mechanical polishing process are also coordinated with each other through a curved surface correction program to achieve the effect of correcting the accuracy of the lens surface. Finally, the anti-reflection mineral film is added to the original cost. Large plastic lens in the invention. 200535446 From the above, it can be known that the present invention has the following characteristics: 丨 丨 · Preliminarily turned into I JL by plastic optical material sheet undergoing precision turning treatment. J JL can modify the mirror surface by surface hardening or mechanical polishing process, which can directly form large aspheric surfaces. Lenses, reducing the production process to reduce the production time of large lenses, increasing the unit time of production, the same day [can avoid the use of high-priced molding molds to reduce the cost of production equipment. 2. The manufacturing method of Benmeming is made by precision turning, surface hardening and mechanical polishing. Correct the mirror surface through the curved surface correction program generated by the fork measurement to achieve the effect of correcting the accuracy of the surface accurately, so that large plastic lenses have an excellent light-gathering effect. As described above, the large plastic lens manufacturing method of the present invention can achieve the production of large plastic lenses under the h-shape of the manufacturing process, and at the same time reduce the equipment cost and time cost of the manufacturing process. Necessary and sophisticated: 5L hydropyrene tablets are produced in large quantities 'to produce precise optical antennas (receiving heads)' to increase the penetration rate of wireless optical communication. The application and development of gastric wireless optical communication is a significant benefit The invention is indeed a new invention with great industrial applicability, and a patent application is hereby filed. [Simplified description of the drawings] (I) Schematic part The first drawing is a flowchart of the first method of the present invention. The first figure is a flowchart of the second method of the present invention. The third figure is a flowchart of the first method in the present invention. (B) the symbol of the component