200532146 ' 九、發明說明： v 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明涉及一種通風機控制用之方法，通風機連接在一插 座上，其中第一種構造形式之通風機可連接至該插座，一種 與轉速無關之電源電壓供應至該插座上且通風機之轉速可 經由一轉速控制信號來控制。第二種構造形式之通風機亦可 連接至該插座。此外，本發明亦涉及一種通風機控制用的裝 置。 • 隨著積體化密度之增大以及通常較高的時脈頻率，電腦中 各元件亦需要各別地冷卻。例如，處理器中由於所設置的表 面擴大用之被動對流式冷卻時所用之冷卻體所造成的冷卻 通常是不夠所需的。爲了促進冷卻作用，通常使用各別的通 風機，其氣流直接到達已達臨界溫度之組件之冷卻體。通常 不需持續地以最高的轉速來驅動各通風機。在處理器中，例 如只有很需要計算的應用才須使通風機以最大轉速運轉。由 於通風機的高轉速大部份會對使用者造成高的雜訊干擾，則 ® 依據需求來調整各通風機的轉速且儘可能使轉速降低是値 得追求的。爲了此一目的，需使用各種控制器，其例如可依 據處理器的溫度使通風機的轉速下降。在此種情況下通風機 大部份都使用一種轉速輸出端，藉此可確定、監視且調整該 通風機的實際轉速。在一般的個人電腦（PCs)中，控制器通 常製作在主機板上。位於處理器上的通風機經由連接器和電 纜而與控制器相連接。 【先前技術】 200532146 在通風機的較新的第一種構造形式中，該轉速改變用的控 v 制器發出一種脈波寬度已調變的無功率信號。該通風機支配 一種裝置，以評估該脈波寬度已調變的無功率信號且將其轉 換成一種轉速。在此種情況下，通風機典型上具有：二個電 流供應用的輸入端，其具有定値的供電電壓；一個轉速輸出 端；以及一個轉速控制用的控制輸入端。此種通風機以下亦 稱爲4線式通風機。轉速控制的原理當然亦可以其它數目的 連接端來達成。 • 在市場上一般所使用的第二種構造形式的通風機中，轉速 控制是藉由通風機的供電電壓的改變來達成。在此種習知的 形式中，通風機典型上具有二個電流供應用的輸入端以及一 個轉速輸出端且以下亦稱爲3線式通風機。上述的轉速控制 原理未必可用在此種3線式通風機。在此種構造形式中轉速 的控制能以不同的方式來進行。當轉速是經由該供電電壓的 大小來控制時，在電腦主機板上的控制元件上會產生一種相 對應的損耗功率。該控制元件之尺寸因此須夠大，使得在通 ® 風機阻塞而發生大的電流且產生大的損耗功率時亦不會使 該控制元件受損。另一方式是可設有一種監視單元，其在通 風機阻塞時可辨認一種不尋常的高電流且停止該控制元 件，以保護該控制元件使不會因較高的損耗功率而受損。上 述二種方式都需要高的耗費且主機板亦需要相對應的空間 需求。反之，若3線式通風機之轉速是藉由其供電電壓之脈 波寬度調變來控制’則干擾性輻射對電腦之其它元件會造成 不良之影響’其中該干擾性輻射是當一種功率較大-且脈波 200532146 寬度已調變的信號存在於一種位於主機板和通風機之間的 、 大約20公分長的導線上時所產生者。 此外，未提供轉速信號的通風機亦已爲人所知。轉速可藉 由辨認該通風機之負載電流中的整流脈衝來測定。 目前市場上一般的個人電腦中幾乎只使用3線式通風機。 但在主機板之下一世代中將可預見4線式通風機的使用將 會逐漸增加。因此會形成一種過渡時間，此時上述二種形式 之主機板和通風機都將存在於市場中。 • 3線式-和4線式通風機使用相用種類的插頭。機械上完全 相谷·3線式-和4線式插頭父互地適用於3極插頭或4極插 頭，其中在全部之情況中都可確保各極受到保護。插頭和插 座之電性接觸上的設定是有條件的：插在4極式插座上的3 線式通風機以較高的轉速運轉，反之，插在3極式插座上的 4線式通風機則處於一種未定的狀態中。此二種情況都是不 利的。在最有利的情況下，只有轉速下降能起作用且因此使 雜訊下降不起作用，於是通風機控制之原來的目的即不能達 • 成。在最不利的情況下，不能確保該處理器可充份地冷卻， 這樣會使系統受損或停止運作。 一種可想到的解決方式是在主機板上在該二種形式的通 風機用的插頭插座上於必要時設置一特定的控制器。當然不 排除各形式之間替換時的危險性。此外，此種解決方式會在 主機板上造成較高的製造成本且電路板上另外亦需要空間。 【發明內容】 本發明的目的是提供一種通風機控制用之方法和裝置，使 200532146 能以轉速可變之方式來控制所連接的通風機而與該通風機 . 是否爲第一種構造形式的通風機（4線式通風機）或第二種構 造形式的通風機（3線式通風機）無關。 上述目的以一種通風機控制用之方法來達成，其中可辨 認：連接至插頭插座上的通風機是否爲第一種-或第二種構 造形式的通風機，且可依據其構造形式來控制該通風機。 在本方法的一種有利的實施方式中，須進行各步驟以辨認 該通風機的構造形式且控制該通風機，以便可 首先設定第一種操作模式以控制第一種構造形式的通風 機，其中該供電電壓（v)保持定値且藉由轉速控制信號（DS) 來控制轉速， -在轉速控制信號（DS)改變時測得該通風機的實際轉速且 進行評估， -保持著第一種操作模式，若轉速在該轉速控制信號改變 時已改變， -設定第二種操作模式以控制第二種構造形式的通風機， ® 其中藉由該供電電壓（V)來控制轉速，若轉速在該轉速控制 信號改變時未改變。 因此，本發明中可辨認一種已連接之通風機的構造形式且 該通風機可適當地以轉速受到控制的方式而被驅動。主機板 上唯一的插頭因此已夠用，各型式之通風機之間替換時每一 種危險性因此可由使用者所排除。藉由功能來辨認轉速控制 用的輸入端時所具有的優點是：其與該通風機的詳細的構造 無關。這種優點在例如藉由控制輸入端的阻抗來辨認該通風 200532146 β 機的型式時是不存在的。又，辨認該通風機的構造形式時所 ^ 用的相位須保持很短。因此，該冷卻作用不會受到該辨認相 位所影響。每一時間須確保有足夠的排熱作用’特別是驅動 開始時幾乎不需冷卻。 在本方法的另一種實施方式中，第二種構造形式的通風機 以一種脈波寬度已調變的供電電壓來控制轉速。此外，有利 的方式是讀入外部的測量値和額定値且依據這些値來控制 該轉速。 • 就裝置而言，本發明的上述目的是藉由申請專利範圍第8 項所述通風機控制用之裝置來達成。 上述方法和裝置之其它有利之形式描述在申請專利範圍 各附屬項中。 【實施方式】 本發明以下將依據圖式來描述一實施例。 第1圖是依據本發明的方法來控制一通風機所用的裝置。 一插頭插座1用來連接各種不同形式之通風機，就像上述已 • 描述者一樣。該插頭插座1具有：一種接地端GND ; —種終 端V，其用來提供該供電電壓；一種轉速控制信號用的終端 DS ;以及一種轉速信號用之終端TS。該插頭插座1是與一 種裝置2相連接以讀入該轉速信號TS，該裝置2的輸出端 上提供該通風機的實際轉速。該裝置2的輸出端是與一記憶 體3及一控制單元4相連接。一種比較器5連接至該記憶體 3上。該比較器5檢測該記憶體3中所儲存的轉速値是否相 同或不同。在進行比較時，亦可由記憶體取出第一値且直接 200532146 " 由該裝置2取出第二値。該比較器5的輸出同樣傳送至該控 • 制單元4。此外，該控制單元4具有一個或多個輸入端以讀 入例如溫度或轉速用的額定値且另有一個或多個輸入端以 讀入例如該處理器之實際溫度的測量値MW。該控制單元4 提供轉速控制信號DS和操作模式控制信號BS以作爲輸 出。該轉速控制信號DS —方面施加至插頭插座1且另一方 面在一驅動器6中轉換成可變的供電電壓vvar。一種轉換 器7依據該操作模式控制信號B S而使該插頭插座1上的該 Ϊ 供電電壓用的終端可與該驅動器6之輸出端（V = Vvar)相連 接或與一種定値的供電電壓（V = VCC)相連接。 須針對機械性和電性來設計該插頭插座1，使上述二種構 造形式的商用通風機（3線式或4線式通風機）都可插入。3 線式通風機因此與接地端GND，供電電壓用之終端V以及 轉速信號用之終端TS相接觸。4線式通風機除了上述三種 終端之外另與無功率之轉速控制信號用之終端D S相接觸。 在3線式通風機中轉速之改變只可經由該供電電壓V之改變 • 來進行，這可藉由該供電電壓大小之改變或藉由該供電電壓 V之脈波寬度之調變來達成。反之，在4線式通風機中，該 供電電壓V保持定値且轉速之改變是由通風機中的一種裝 置來進行，該裝置之功能是對該無功率之轉速控制信號DS 進行評估。可製成該轉換器7和驅動器6，使一種切換元件 (例如，末級電晶體）可接管此二種功能。發出一種定値的供 電電壓因此例如相當於導通比例是1〇〇%之脈波寬度已調變 的供電電壓。 -10- 200532146 - 第2圖是通風機控制-及辨認用的方法的流程圖，其開始 - 於通風機插入至該插頭插座1之後或開始於該裝置接通之 後。首先，由該控制單元4來設定第一種操作模式，其中藉 由操作模式控制信號B S和轉換器7使一種定値的供電電壓 V = VCC發送至通風機。藉由轉速控制信號ds來預設第一轉 速’其例如等於該通風機的最大轉速。在已測得一'種等待時 間之後，該通風機之實際轉速藉由單元2中該轉速信號TS 之評估來決定且儲存在記憶體3中。然後藉由轉速控制信號 # DS來預設第二轉速，其可充份地與第一轉速相區別，例如， 其可爲最大轉速的50 %。實際上可調整的實際轉速亦以類 比方式儲存著。已儲存的各値由比較器5來進行比較。若該 二種實際轉速不相同，則該通風機須對該轉速控制信號進行 評估且另外在該操作模式中進行控制。當該二種已儲存的實 際轉速並無不同之時，該通風機不使用一種裝置來對該轉速 控制信號進行評估。在此種情況下轉換至一種操作模式，其 中爲了控制轉速須使通風機的供電電壓改變。爲了達成此一 # 目的，該轉換器7須將該通風機之供電電壓v用之終端連接 至該驅動器6之輸出端（即，V = Vvar)。 上述之方法可彈性地依據各別之需求來調整。爲了控制轉 速，則該轉速控制信號DS和該可變的供電電壓Vvar可改變 其大小或進行脈波寬度調變。此外，可設計該控制單元4， 以讀入各額定値SW(例如，所期望的轉速）以及測量値 M W (例如，待冷卻的組件之溫度）且可用來控制轉速。同樣， 亦可使用一種方式，其中亦可連接該通風機且正確地驅動該 -11- 200532146 通風機，該通風機未使用轉速信號。在此種情況下，實際轉 • 速可藉由通風機之負載電流之整流脈衝之評估來決定。 上述之配置特別是可用在個人電腦中。在此種情況下該控 制器配置在主機板上且通風機用來冷卻該處理器。該配置能 以唯一之積體電路來製成。同樣，亦能以已知的模組來對只 有一種構造形式的通風機進行溫度控制，以擴充成另一新的 模組而達成上述的控制。本發明中在主機板上只需一種插頭 插座。因此，上述之解決方式已考慮到製造者所主張的緊密 • 性（Compactness)。 【圖式簡單說明】 第1圖本裝置之一實施例的方塊圖。 第2圖本方法的流程圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 TS V Vcc V v ar 插頭插座 轉速信號TS控制用的裝置 記憶體 控制單元 比較器 驅動器 轉換器 轉速信號 通風機用的供電電壓 定値的供電電壓 可變的供電電壓 -12- 200532146 GND 接 地 DS 轉 速 控 制 信 號 BS 操 作 模 式 控 制信號 S W 額 定 値 MW 測 量 値200532146 'IX. Description of the invention: v [Technical field to which the invention belongs] The present invention relates to a method for controlling a ventilator, the ventilator is connected to a socket, wherein the first structural form of the ventilator can be connected to the socket, a A speed-independent power supply voltage is supplied to the socket and the speed of the fan can be controlled by a speed control signal. A ventilator of the second configuration can also be connected to the socket. The invention also relates to a device for controlling a fan. • With the increase of the integrated density and the usually higher clock frequency, each component in the computer also needs to be cooled separately. For example, the cooling caused by the cooling body used in the passive convection cooling for surface enlargement provided in the processor is usually not sufficient. In order to promote the cooling effect, a separate ventilator is usually used, and the airflow directly reaches the cooling body of the component that has reached a critical temperature. It is generally not necessary to continuously drive the fans at the highest speed. In the processor, for example, only applications that require a lot of calculations must run the fan at maximum speed. Since the high speed of the fan will cause high noise interference to the user, it is desirable to adjust the speed of each fan according to the needs and reduce the speed as much as possible. For this purpose, various controllers are required, which, for example, can reduce the speed of the fan according to the temperature of the processor. In this case, most fans use a speed output to determine, monitor, and adjust the actual speed of the fan. In general personal computers (PCs), the controller is usually made on the motherboard. The ventilator on the processor is connected to the controller via connectors and cables. [Prior art] 200532146 In the newer first construction form of the ventilator, the controller for changing the rotational speed emits a powerless signal whose pulse width has been adjusted. The ventilator governs a device to evaluate the pulse-width-free no-power signal and convert it to a speed. In this case, the fan typically has: two input terminals for current supply, which have a fixed supply voltage; a speed output terminal; and a control input terminal for speed control. This type of fan is hereinafter referred to as a 4-wire fan. The principle of speed control can of course also be implemented with other numbers of connections. • In the second type of fan generally used on the market, the speed control is achieved by changing the power supply voltage of the fan. In this conventional form, the fan typically has two input terminals for current supply and one speed output terminal and is also referred to as a 3-wire fan below. The above-mentioned speed control principle may not be applicable to such a 3-wire fan. In this configuration, the speed can be controlled in different ways. When the speed is controlled by the power supply voltage, a corresponding loss of power is generated on the control element on the computer motherboard. The size of the control element must therefore be large enough that the control element will not be damaged if a large current is generated and a large loss of power is generated when the ventilation fan is blocked. Alternatively, a monitoring unit may be provided which recognizes an unusually high current and stops the control element when the blower is blocked, so as to protect the control element from being damaged by higher power loss. Both of the above methods require high cost and the motherboard also needs corresponding space requirements. Conversely, if the speed of the 3-wire fan is controlled by the pulse width modulation of its power supply voltage, then the interference radiation will cause adverse effects on other components of the computer. Large-and-pulse 200532146 The width-modulated signal is generated when a 20-cm-long wire is located between the motherboard and the ventilator. In addition, fans that do not provide a speed signal are also known. The speed can be measured by identifying the rectified pulses in the load current of the fan. Almost only three-wire fans are currently used in general personal computers on the market. However, the use of 4-wire ventilators will be expected to increase gradually in the next generation of motherboards. Therefore, a transition time will be formed, at which time both the above-mentioned motherboards and ventilators will exist in the market. • 3-wire and 4-wire fans use compatible plugs. Fully mechanically Aya · 3-wire and 4-wire plugs are suitable for 3-pole plugs or 4-pole plugs, and in all cases the poles are protected. The setting of the electrical contact between the plug and the socket is conditional: a 3-wire ventilator plugged into a 4-pole socket runs at a higher speed, otherwise a 4-wire ventilator plugged into a 3-pole socket Is in an undecided state. Both of these situations are bad. In the most favorable case, only the speed reduction can work and therefore the noise reduction does not work, so the original purpose of fan control cannot be achieved. In the worst case, there is no guarantee that the processor will cool adequately, which can damage or stop the system. One conceivable solution is to install a special controller on the motherboard on the two types of plugs and sockets for the ventilator when necessary. Of course, the danger of replacement between various forms is not ruled out. In addition, this solution will cause higher manufacturing costs on the motherboard and additional space on the circuit board. [Summary of the invention] The object of the present invention is to provide a method and a device for controlling a ventilator, so that 200532146 can control the connected ventilator and the ventilator in a variable speed manner. Is it the first structural form of The fan (4-wire fan) or the second type of construction (3-wire fan) is not relevant. The above object is achieved by a method for controlling a ventilator, in which it can be identified whether the ventilator connected to the plug socket is the first-or second-type construction fan, and the control can be controlled according to its construction Fan. In an advantageous embodiment of the method, steps must be performed to identify the configuration of the fan and control the fan so that a first operating mode can be set first to control the fan of the first configuration, where The supply voltage (v) is kept constant and the speed is controlled by the speed control signal (DS),-the actual speed of the fan is measured and evaluated when the speed control signal (DS) is changed,-the first operation is maintained Mode, if the speed has changed when the speed control signal is changed,-set the second operation mode to control the fan of the second structure, ® where the speed is controlled by the supply voltage (V), When the speed control signal is changed, it is not changed. Therefore, in the present invention, a structural form of a connected ventilator can be recognized and the ventilator can be appropriately driven in a manner in which the rotational speed is controlled. The single plug on the motherboard is therefore sufficient, and every danger can be eliminated by the user when replacing between different types of fans. The advantage of identifying the input for speed control by function is that it has nothing to do with the detailed construction of the fan. This advantage does not exist when, for example, the type of ventilation 200532146 β machine is identified by controlling the impedance of the input. In addition, the phase used to identify the structure of the fan must be kept short. Therefore, the cooling effect is not affected by the recognition phase. Every time, it must be ensured that there is sufficient heat removal ', in particular, almost no cooling is required at the start of the drive. In another embodiment of the method, the ventilator of the second construction form controls the rotational speed with a supply voltage whose pulse width has been adjusted. In addition, it is advantageous to read in external measured and rated values and to control the speed based on these values. • As far as the device is concerned, the above object of the present invention is achieved by a device for controlling a ventilator as described in item 8 of the patent application scope. Other advantageous forms of the method and device described above are described in the subordinates of the scope of the patent application. [Embodiment] An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. Fig. 1 is a device for controlling a fan according to the method of the present invention. A plug socket 1 is used to connect various types of fans, as described above. The plug socket 1 has: a ground terminal GND; a terminal V for providing the power supply voltage; a terminal DS for a speed control signal; and a terminal TS for a speed signal. The plug socket 1 is connected to a device 2 to read in the speed signal TS, and the output of the device 2 provides the actual speed of the fan. The output of the device 2 is connected to a memory 3 and a control unit 4. A comparator 5 is connected to the memory 3. The comparator 5 detects whether the rotational speeds 値 stored in the memory 3 are the same or different. In the comparison, the first frame can also be taken out from the memory and directly 200532146 " The second frame can be taken out from the device 2. The output of the comparator 5 is also transmitted to the control unit 4. In addition, the control unit 4 has one or more inputs to read, for example, a rated temperature for temperature or rotational speed, and another one or more inputs to read, for example, a measurement of actual temperature of the processor, MW. The control unit 4 provides speed control signals DS and operation mode control signals BS as outputs. The rotational speed control signal DS is applied to the plug socket 1 on the one hand and converted into a variable supply voltage vvar in a driver 6 on the other hand. A converter 7 enables the terminal for the power supply voltage of the plug socket 1 to be connected to the output terminal (V = Vvar) of the driver 6 or to a fixed power supply voltage (V according to the operation mode control signal BS). = VCC). The plug and socket 1 must be designed for both mechanical and electrical properties so that the commercial ventilator (3-wire or 4-wire fan) of the two constructions described above can be inserted. The 3-wire fan is therefore in contact with the ground terminal GND, the terminal V for the supply voltage and the terminal TS for the speed signal. In addition to the above three terminals, the 4-wire fan is in contact with the terminal D S for the speed control signal without power. In a 3-wire fan, the speed can only be changed by changing the supply voltage V. This can be achieved by changing the supply voltage or by adjusting the pulse width of the supply voltage V. Conversely, in a 4-wire fan, the power supply voltage V is kept constant and the speed change is performed by a device in the fan. The function of the device is to evaluate the powerless speed control signal DS. The converter 7 and the driver 6 can be made so that a switching element (for example, a final stage transistor) can take over both functions. A fixed power supply voltage is emitted, and thus corresponds to, for example, a power supply voltage whose pulse width has a modulation ratio of 100%. -10- 200532146-Figure 2 is a flow chart of a method for controlling and identifying a ventilator, which begins-after the ventilator is inserted into the plug socket 1 or after the device is switched on. First, the control unit 4 sets a first operation mode, in which a fixed supply voltage V = VCC is sent to the fan by the operation mode control signal B S and the converter 7. The first speed ' is preset by the speed control signal ds, which is, for example, equal to the maximum speed of the fan. After a 'waiting time' has been measured, the actual speed of the fan is determined by the evaluation of the speed signal TS in the unit 2 and stored in the memory 3. Then, the second speed is preset by the speed control signal # DS, which can be fully distinguished from the first speed, for example, it can be 50% of the maximum speed. Actual adjustable actual speeds are also stored analogously. The stored frames are compared by the comparator 5. If the two actual speeds are not the same, the fan must evaluate the speed control signal and control it in this operating mode. When the two stored actual speeds are not different, the ventilator does not use a device to evaluate the speed control signal. In this case, it switches to an operating mode in which the supply voltage of the fan must be changed in order to control the speed. In order to achieve this #, the converter 7 must connect the terminal of the fan's power supply voltage v to the output of the driver 6 (ie, V = Vvar). The above method can be flexibly adjusted according to individual needs. In order to control the rotation speed, the rotation speed control signal DS and the variable power supply voltage Vvar can be changed in size or pulse width modulation. In addition, the control unit 4 can be designed to read in each rated 値 SW (for example, the desired speed) and measure 値 M W (for example, the temperature of the component to be cooled) and can be used to control the speed. Similarly, a method can also be used in which the fan is also connected and the -11-200532146 fan is driven correctly, the fan does not use a speed signal. In this case, the actual speed can be determined by evaluating the rectification pulse of the load current of the fan. The above configuration is particularly useful in personal computers. In this case the controller is placed on the motherboard and the fan is used to cool the processor. This configuration can be made with a single integrated circuit. Similarly, it is also possible to perform temperature control on a ventilator having only one construction type with a known module, so as to expand into another new module to achieve the above control. In the present invention, only one plug socket is needed on the motherboard. Therefore, the above solution has taken into account the compactness claimed by the manufacturer. [Brief Description of the Drawings] FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an embodiment of the device. FIG. 2 is a flowchart of the method. [Description of main component symbols] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 TS V Vcc V v ar Plug and socket speed signal TS control device memory control unit comparator driver converter speed signal Ventilator power supply voltage fixed supply voltage can be Variable supply voltage -12- 200532146 GND Ground DS Speed control signal BS Operating mode control signal SW Rated (MW measurement)
-13--13-