TW200530793A - Linear voltage stabilizing with a capable of adjusting power distribution - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a linear voltage regulator circuit able to adjust power distribution, which connects a signal input end and a signal output end to reduce input voltage of signal input end and output stable reduction voltage from signal output end, wherein, a voltage regulator circuit at least comprises two series linear voltage regulators and a power distribution circuit. The linear voltage regulator connects signal input end and signal output end to adjust input voltage in the mode of power loss and supply stable output voltage, wherein, a power distribution circuit also connects signal input end and output end to control the power consumption of each linear voltage regulator.

Description

200530793

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a linear voltage regulator circuit, in particular to a linear voltage regulator circuit capable of elastically adjusting power distribution. Previous technology: & With the continuous progress of semiconductor processes, integrated circuits have been designed towards low-voltage power saving, but the complexity of chips has continued to increase, and the amount of current supply required has reached a staggering level. CPU In terms of pentium II, it requires 14.2A, Pentium w / MMX requires 5.7A, and AMD K6-233 also requires 9.5A. As can be seen from the above, although there is a low-voltage design, the high-current working type causes the power consumption to increase rapidly. Traditionally, power supply designs have linear regulators that rely on internal resistance to step down, and The switching time of the power circuit is adjusted to obtain switching mode regulators with different output voltages and currents. Although the switching regulator has high power conversion efficiency, due to the cost and price constraints in the PC industry, plus the consideration of the layout area of the motherboard, the power supply design Mostly, switching regulators are excluded and linear regulators are used. As shown in the first figure, it is a circuit diagram of a conventional linear regulator (Uriear regulator), which includes a voltage dividing circuit 10, a comparator 12, and an npn bipolar transistor qi. Among them, the resistors R1 and R2 on the voltage dividing circuit 10 use a voltage source vcc to generate a predetermined reference voltage Vref, and then connect

200530793 V. Description of the invention (2) Connected to the positive input terminal of the comparator 12, in which the setting of the predetermined reference voltage value is the pre-regulated output electric calendar value, and the output voltage V 〇ut is fed back to the comparison The input of the negative wheel of the device 12, the collector of the npn transistor Q1 is connected to the signal input terminal V1. The base is connected to the output of the comparator 12, and the emitter of Q1 is the signal output terminal Vout and connected to a load capacitor. CL. When the output voltage of the output terminal Vout is smaller than the reference voltage Vref, the comparator 12 outputs a high-level voltage to conduct the crystal Q1 'to provide a current to increase the voltage level of the output terminal Vout; f The output voltage of the output terminal Vout is greater than When the reference voltage Vref is turned off, the transistor Q1 is turned off by the comparator 12 and a low level voltage is turned on. When the output voltage of the output terminal Vout is smaller than the reference voltage, the transistor Q1 is turned on again to maintain the output voltage Vout in dynamic balance. Do not use the above XI out crystal Q1 power when the element must be subject to loss of high heat use. When the problem is over 0, the power of the line circuit needs to select the long-term effect of the crystal. The power system will also affect the power and power dissipation. When calculating the power loss of a linear voltage regulator, it can withstand higher costs than high loads and cause the element to be converted into a crystal in the vicinity of the thermal sound. The thermal uneven loss P 1 〇ss consumes a large amount of power, so it will cause In the case of component or line life, the area near the other components also becomes linear, that is, power = (V i η is the relative reduction in life-span of the transistor, which is the operating temperature of the voltage regulator. The conversion efficiency is poor—Vout) on Q1, but not as high. There may be fewer components. In addition, in a single zone state, the magnitude of the increase cannot be ignored.

$ 7 pages 200530793 consumes P D1 ___ 1 〇ss to reduce the overall power of the regulator oss, and PD1—loss = n—VD1—Vout) X lout, such as J: power element disadvantages, consumes most of the efficiency and does not consume Contribute to Yuan V. Description of the invention (3) In view of the above shortcomings, traditionally, diode D1 is dispersed on two or more power components, and the power loss of low transistor Q 1 is spread across diode D1. The loss becomes PLoss = PDl_l0ss + VDl x I〇ut, PQl — l0ss = (Vi can choose a lower power efficiency by calling crystal Q1. However, the above method still has a fixed power, so The elimination of power is achieved. For the invention that disperses the power loss, a flexible power adjustment can be made to increase the flexibility of the circuit layout and the power loss can be connected in series. As shown in the second figure, the power is increased by one to make the line PQ1 —1 piece, and the cost reduction achieved by diode D1 still depends on transistor Q1. In view of this, the linear voltage regulator equipped with this device improves the reliability of the piece. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The purpose of the present invention To provide a line Design of a stable voltage regulator circuit. Another object of the present invention is to provide a linear voltage regulator circuit. The present invention provides an adjustable power distribution = linear voltage regulator circuit connected to m number input 2 linear The voltage stabilizing circuit is used to output a stable regulated voltage from the input electrical signal output end of the signal input end. This linear shift is included by the signal output circuit. At least one or five and description of the invention (4) A linear regulator in series, a power distribution circuit. Each of these regulators further includes a power transistor and a comparator, and compares the output voltage value of the rate transistor and the reference voltage value. If the power transistor is turned on, it can reduce the input voltage when the power transistor is turned on. N is a way to reduce the input voltage. The power distribution circuit is also connected between the signal output terminals of the signal amplifier and the at least two resistors in series. : The resistor corresponds to a linear regulator to control the linear stability:-the size of the chalk drop, and then the ratio of the consumption to the linear voltage regulation state. The linear stability circuit is connected by multi-level lines (cascade), and the voltage drop of the corresponding linear regulator is controlled by the power distribution string% to 70 pieces for the purpose of controlling the power consumption. The following are: For example, the linear voltage regulation at all levels! However, those skilled in the art will know that this only two kappa yoke example is used to illustrate the invention of the invention. The best embodiment is 1 ^ instead of Ώ ～ Menguping The description is as follows: First, please refer to the third figure, the linearity of the adjustable power distribution disclosed in the example κ is a signal signal input terminal Vin and a signal output terminal of the present invention. The turn-in voltage is adjusted down, and the output terminal is used to include the input terminal voltage regulator circuit, a voltage divider circuit = ^ the regulated voltage, this green 20, a second linear regulator 22 And, a first linear regulator power distribution circuit 24. Dust 200530793 V. Description of the invention (5) ~ The circuit 18 includes a first resistor R3 and a second resistor R4 connected in series. The first end of the first resistor R3 is connected to a certain voltage source Vcc, and the second end of the second resistor R4 is grounded. When the tail end of the first resistor R3 and the head end of the second resistor R4 are connected at a joint or point, a first reference voltage Vrefl is generated, and the voltage value of the resistor is set by setting the resistance value of the resistor ", ... R4 Set the preset voltage value at the signal output terminal v〇ut. 'Do not the first linear regulator 20 includes a first comparator 2 01 and two, Q2' Among them, the positive input of the first comparator 201 The terminal is connected to the above-mentioned knife, the circuit 18 is used to input the first reference voltage Vrefl, the negative input terminal is connected to the signal output terminal Vout, and the output terminal is connected to the $ pole of the first transistor Q2. The first transistor The emitter of Q2 is connected to the signal output terminal vout. Its pole is connected to the negative input terminal of the second linear regulator 22 of the lower stage. Because the voltage level of the backup + signal output terminal Vout is lower than The first reference voltage turns on the first _ by a high-level voltage output from the first comparator 201 to provide The voltage level of the signal output terminal vout is raised; the voltage level of the signal output terminal vout is higher than the first reference voltage terminal. The circuit 24 is connected to the signal input terminal Vln and the signal output resistance Λ. It consists of two series resistors R-Q3 and r-q2, where the terminal that is electrically connected to the signal input terminal Vin, the tail end of the resistor R-Q2 is connected to the output terminal V0ut of the k-wheel, and the two resistor series nodes Vr are connected To the second

200530793

Positive input of linear regulator 2 2. In addition, the second linear regulator μ includes a second comparator 221 and a second transistor q3, in which the positive input terminal of the second comparator 221 is connected to the two series resistance nodes of the power distribution circuit 24 described above. At Vr, the negative input is connected to the emitter of the second transistor ⑽, and the output of the comparator is connected to the base of the second transistor q3. The collector of the second transistor Q3 is connected to the signal The emitter of the input terminal Vin is connected to the collector of the first transistor q2 of the first-stage first linear regulator 20. Among them, the linear regulator 22 compares the voltages of Vr and V by a second comparator 221 to control the conduction of the second transistor Q3, so that the voltage “i” can be adjusted to be almost the same. Among the above-mentioned preferred embodiments, a two-carrier two-body is used, and a metal-oxide half-field-effect transistor can also be selected as the above-mentioned controlled transistor. In addition, between the negative input terminal and the output terminal of the comparator, it is often added. Second, the compensation resistors and capacitors (not shown in the figure) are used to prevent the voltage of the wheel from passing through the second comparator 2 2 1 and the resistors R — Q3 and R — Q2 belong to the voltage on the first transistor Q2. The loss, Ptotal_iQSS = the resistance R — on Q3 and R_Q2, is equal to the second thunder %% flowing through the series so that the overall power loss oss' of the circuit, and the series transistor Q3 is clearly shown in the fourth figure. The voltage regulator 22 and the first linear regulator 20 are connected in parallel so that the voltages at the nodes Vr and Vq are equal, and the drop will be the same across the second transistor Q3 and the overall power of the linear regulator circuit—Vout) XI out, because the current flowing through is small, the output current I 〇 u t almost the current on the body Q3 and the first transistor Q2,

Ptotal-loss = PQ3-loss + PQ2 1 200530793 5. The power loss of the invention (7) and Q2 are PQ3_loss = Ptotal_loss X [R-Q3 / (R-Q3 + R-Q2)] and PQ2-loss = Ptotal —loss X [R_Q2 > / (R-Q3 + R-Q2)], so by adjusting the resistance values of the power distribution circuit 24, the loss power fraction S of the linear voltage regulator circuit can be adjusted. The fourth figure shows a circuit block diagram according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention. In addition, as shown in the fifth figure, it can also be placed in series with a linear regulator on the left side of node 1 to form a cascade. More linear regulators (such as R_Q4 with the third linear regulator 26 as shown in the figure), and the distribution of loss power is also determined according to the resistance value of the power distribution circuit 2 § in series, each linearity is determined Power loss of the regulator. The design of the linear voltage regulator circuit according to the present invention has the following advantages: # @ t1), the voltage drop distribution on the power distribution circuit can be elastically adjusted == work: the power component of the component ... reduces the negative power of a single power component Relatively can be improved. In addition, when the load of the component is reduced, the M port selects a lower-power component. 1 Low single-component components are used. (When 2): The rate is higher than the element line. ^ The circuit design of the present invention; strong: the heat must be dissipated through the circuit board. 'By designing a layout design that is allocated to the voltage regulator $ and other circuits, when the layout area of the fake circuit is large, this area can be designed

Page 12 200530793 V. Description of the invention (8) When the layout area is small, multiple low-power components can be selected to be distributed everywhere, thereby dispersing the source of thermal energy and making the circuit layout more Elasticity, in addition, can avoid the high heat generated by a single component from affecting the operating state of adjacent circuit components, which indirectly improves the overall reliability.

Although the present invention has been explained as above with a preferred example, it is not intended to limit the spirit and the inventive substance of the present invention to the above embodiments. Therefore, all modifications made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be included in the scope of patent application described below.

Page 13 200530793 Brief description of the drawings Brief description of the drawings: By combining the following detailed descriptions with the attached drawings, the above content and many advantages of this invention can be easily understood, of which: The first picture is the conventional linear stability The circuit diagram of the voltage regulator; the second diagram is a circuit diagram of another conventional linear regulator; the third diagram is a voltage regulator circuit diagram according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; the fourth diagram is a voltage regulator circuit according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention Circuit block diagram; and

The fifth figure is a circuit block diagram of a series multi-stage voltage stabilizing element designed in accordance with the present invention. Chart number comparison table: 10, 14, 18 Voltage divider circuit 2 0 First linear regulator 2 4, 2 8 Power distribution circuit 2 0 1 First comparator 1 2, 1 6 Comparator 2 2 Second linear Regulator 2 6 Third Linear Regulator 2 2 1 Second Comparator

Page 14

Claims (1)

200530793 6. Scope of patent application 1. A linear voltage regulator circuit with adjustable power distribution, connected between a signal input terminal and a signal output terminal, used to reduce the input voltage of the signal input terminal and output by the signal The linear regulator circuit includes at least two linear regulators connected in series, which are connected between the signal input terminal and the signal output terminal, and can adjust the input voltage in a manner of consuming power. And provide a stable output voltage; a power distribution circuit connected between the signal input terminal and the signal output terminal to control the power consumption of each of the above linear regulators. The linear voltage regulator circuit further includes a voltage divider circuit, which is connected to the linear voltage regulator near the signal output terminal, and is used for generating a first reference voltage. 3. For example, the linear voltage regulator circuit of the second scope of the patent application, wherein the above-mentioned voltage dividing circuit further includes a first resistor and a second resistor in series, wherein the head of the first resistor is connected to a certain resistor. A voltage source, a tail end of the second resistor is connected to a ground terminal, and the first reference voltage is generated at a node where the first resistor is connected to the second resistor. 4. For example, the linear voltage regulator circuit of the scope of patent application, wherein the linear voltage regulator further includes a comparator and a power transistor, wherein the comparator can be based on the output voltage value of the power transistor and a reference Large voltage value Page 15 200530793 VI. The scope of patent application is small, and 邋 β X, which decides whether or not to lead the blessing, will turn on the power of the power to consume power. With the power transistor 5 · If you apply for a patent to save loans, the rate transistor, #, the linear voltage regulator circuit of the 4th item, A, μ, + in the system, the system chooses the double carrier Kushiro, one of the aforementioned functions. One of the half-effect metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors is 6: If the patent application scope is lis, the rate distribution circuit is a linear voltage regulator circuit from small to large, where the above resistors correspond to one; Form, where each:, decrease the size to; more; the voltage regulator 'is used to control the linear unit; small. & the power consumption of the linear regulator ^ & the power transmission and the output should be pressed to stabilize the voltage terminal electrical equipment 7-a linear regulator circuit with adjustable power eight terminals and a signal wheel / distribution, It is connected to the -ρ modulation, and is used by two ::: 'to input at least the wheel input circuit at the signal input terminal to output a stable regulated voltage at the wheel output terminal, τ ^ 3 " To >, between two serial < one-port signal output terminals, a neutral voltage regulator, connected to the signal wheel input, and provide a stable power, gradually reduce the output in a way that consumes power:-power distribution The output voltage is in the range of from small to small, which is connected to the signal input terminal and the Xinmeng Private Resistor corresponds to one or two resistors connected in series, where each two = the magnitude of the voltage drop, linearly ^ Regulator for controlling the linear regulator, and more for controlling the power consumption of the linear regulator ^ Page 16 200530793 VI. Patent Application Range / J, 〇8. For example, the linear voltage regulator circuit of the 7th scope of the patent application, further includes a voltage divider circuit, which is connected to the linear voltage regulator near the signal output end. Used to generate a first reference voltage. 9. For example, the linear voltage regulator circuit of the eighth patent application range, wherein the above-mentioned voltage divider circuit further includes a first resistor and a second resistor in series, wherein the head of the first resistor is connected to a certain resistor. A voltage source, a tail end of the second resistor is connected to a ground terminal, and the first reference voltage is generated at a node where the first resistor is connected to the second resistor. 10. For example, the linear voltage regulator circuit of the seventh patent application range, wherein the linear voltage regulator further includes a comparator and a power transistor, wherein the comparator can be based on the output voltage value of the power transistor and a reference. The magnitude of the voltage determines whether the power transistor is turned on, and power is consumed by the power transistor being turned on. 11. For example, the linear voltage regulator circuit of the scope of application for patent No. 10, wherein the power transistor system mentioned above selects one of a bipolar transistor and a metal oxide half field effect transistor. 12. A linear voltage regulator circuit with adjustable power distribution is connected between a signal input terminal and a signal output terminal for inputting the signal input terminal Page 17 200530793 VI. Patent application voltage drop and stable signal output from the signal output terminal. The linear voltage regulator circuit includes at least two linear voltage regulators connected in series and connected to the signal input terminal. And the signal output terminal, the input voltage is adjusted step by step. Each of the linear regulators includes a power transistor, which can be turned on to reduce the input voltage in a power consumption manner. A comparator can The power transistor's output voltage value and a reference voltage value determine whether to turn on the power transistor; and a power distribution circuit connected between the signal input terminal and the signal output terminal by at least two in series A resistor structure, each of which corresponds to a linear regulator, and is used to control the voltage drop of the linear regulator. 13. For example, the linear voltage regulator circuit of claim 12 includes a voltage divider circuit connected to the linear voltage regulator near the signal output terminal for generating a first reference voltage. 14. For example, the linear voltage stabilizing circuit according to item 13 of the patent application range, wherein the voltage dividing circuit further includes a first resistor and a second resistor connected in series in sequence, wherein a head end of the first resistor is connected to For a certain voltage source, the tail end of the second resistor is connected to the ground terminal, and the first reference voltage is generated at a node where the first resistor is connected to the second resistor. Page 18 200530793 Page 19