200530064 玖、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係關於一種車速提示裝置，尤指一種運用影像 辨識技術以自動偵測高速道路旁所設限速標誌上的車速限 制，並與設定速限進行比較，以提醒駕駛人掌握車速避免 受罰之車速提示裝置。 【先前技術】 基於安全考量，交通單位在快速道路、高速道路甚至 一般道路旁每隔一段距離均廣設限速標誌，該限速標誌上 則明s丁該路段的最咼或最低行車速限，當然，交通警察也 會根據該速限取締違規超速的汽車駕駛人。因而使汽車駕 駛人與交通警察或違規攝影設施之間經常在進行一場爾虞 我詐的貓鼠遊戲，為了幫助躲避違規攝影的取締，市面上 早已推出所謂的測速器，當車輛接近違規攝影設施，測速 器將接收到無線電信號，以提醒駕駛人減速，避免遭拍照 而受罰。此種設備因有鼓勵駕駛人心存僥倖的嫌疑，一度 成為禁用取締的對象。再者，前述測速器的原理係先在違 規攝影設施放置無線發射器，並不斷發射信號，當車輛接 近時，即因接到信號而獲得提醒，故所謂的測速器也只適 用於違規拍照的規避，對於經常處於偽裝或不顯眼位置的 埋伏警力並無计可施。因而最積極的作法仍是遵守各路段 的速限，除可避免取締外，亦可確保行車安全。 然而，不論是快速道路或高速公路，其速限並非從一 200530064 而終，而係在不同路段有不同的速限，其速限則標示在路 旁所設的限速標誌上，其意味著駕駛人在行車過程中既要 掌握行車狀況，又須分神留意路旁的限速標誌，對於駕駛 人而言無疑是一種負擔。 【發明内容】 因此，本發明主要目的在提供一種可自動檢測判斷路 旁所設限速標It上的車速限制，並與設定速限進行比較， 以隨時提醒駕駛人掌握車速，並可減輕駕駛人負擔之： 提示裝置。 ％ 為達成前述目的採取的主要技術手段係令前述車速提 示裝置包括有： -影像掏取元件，係、安裝於車内或車外的適當位置， 用以拍攝道路旁的影像； 、-影像處理器，具備影像處理與判斷功能，其輸入， 透過-視訊轉換介面與前述影像操取元件的輸出端連接.而 一微處理器，其接收夾白+ m 〃接收來自㈣處理器經過解析而產生 子疋或數子資料，而與車輛目前的行車速度進行比較· :::檢測器’用以目前的行車速度資料予微處理器 么、其作為比較判斷之用； 其設於微處理器的一輸出端，用以 像處理㈣解析的速限值，供駕驶以考. ，、 車速=父係設於微處理器的另1輸出端，以便在行 車速度…兩速限或低於最低速限時產生警示訊息提醒 200530064 駕駛人； 利用前述設施可自動判斷路旁所設速限標誌上的速限 資料，進而與車輛目前的車速比較，如太高或太低時，均 會產生警示訊息以提醒駕駛人，而一般狀態下，駕駛人仍 可就近由顯#器的冑示資料掌握行進中路段的&限狀況。 【實施方式】 本發明主要係透過電子元件配合電路構造以達成前述 的發明目的，其一可行的組成構造係如第一圖所示，其包 括有： "一影像掘取元件（11)，係安裝於車内或車外的適 δ位置’用以拍攝道路旁的影像； 影像處理器（1 2 )，具備影像處理與判斷功能， 其輸入端透過一視訊轉換介面（1 3)與前述影像擷取元 件的輸出端連接；#中視訊轉換介面（i 3 )則係將影像 擷取元件（1 1 )擷取的影像資料轉換成影像處理器（工 2 )可以識別的數位信號； 一微處理器（1 4 )，其接收來自影像處理器（工2 )經過解析而產生字元或數字資料，而與車輛目前的行車 速度進行比較； 一車速檢測器（15)，用以目前的行車速度資料予 微處理器，供其作為比較判斷之用；該車速檢測器（1 5 )可利用磁簧開關由車輪直接偵測其轉速以轉換成車速， 亦可直接利用汽車本身儀控系統所具備的車速資料； 200530064 -顯不器（1 6 )，其設於微處理器（丄4 )的一輸 出端’用以顯示影像處理器（1 2 )所解析的速限值，供 ，駛人參考；其可為發光二極體陣列或七段顯示器，於本 實施例中，其係由數組七段顯示器構成； 一警報益（1 7 )，係設於微處理器（1 4 )的另一 輸出端’以便在行車速度高於最高速限或低於最低速限時 產生警不訊息提醒駕駛人；有關於警報器（17)產生的 訊息可為聽覺模式、視覺模式’或二者兼具，《中聽覺模 式係提供多段不同的警報聲’其依#時車速超過速限的程 度而產生不同頻率的警報聲，以方便駕歇人的區別；至於 視覺模式則以指示燈產生警示訊息，封與顯示器（工6 )共構於一體；其中： 前述影像處理器（1 2 )的核心為高速數位處理器（ DSP),其利用模糊數學理論對來自視訊轉換介面（13 )的數位彳§號進行大量運算，從φ — 文升攸甲識別出有用的字元和數 字。又影像處理器（1 2 )的功能進一步包括： (1 )對動態採集到的影傻推）者、士 _ ^ # 〜诼進仃濾波、增強邊界處理 ’從而克服影像干擾，提高識別效果。 (2 )在動態採集的影像中白包a抑、古 pT自動哥找速限標誌的位置 (3) 在速限標諸的影像上，自動提取各個字元的圖 (4) 從每個字元的圖像中識㈣文字或數字。 (5 )將識別出的數字發送到微處理器（丄4 )進行 200530064 處理。 又關於前述影像操取元件（11)、顯示 及警報器（17)且體可/认〜# ° 八體了仃的安裝位置請參閱第二、三圖 所不、，於本實施例令，該影像操取元件（1 i )安裝於車 内後視鏡（2 0 )的皮侧，其取景角度視各 動車輛行敬方向的規定而有所不同，如我國係規定車輛靠 側行敬’故影像操取元件（⑴的取景角度係朝 向右別方’以#|取道路右側邊的連續影像。除此以外，該 影像擷取元件（1 1 )亦 5又置在駕駛座前的儀控板附近 ’或與顯示器（16)、警報器（17)共構於一體。 再者，前述顯示器（16)與警報器（17)可共構 於一體，於本實施例Φ，甘 , _ 八一者經組合後係構成一警報顯 不益8)，其可設置於儀控板上，方便駕驶人以眼睛 餘光觀看。 由上述說明可瞭解本發明之具體構造，至於其工作原 理詳如以下所述： /、 、速^路為例，由於南速公路兩側的護攔形狀類似 車輛在同速公路上行駛時，影像摘取元件（丄 到護棚的背景圖像具有一定的連貫性，因此影像處理器（ 1 2 )可根據田刖影像預測很短時間之後的影像。如果 攝到的影像中未出現速限標諸，影像處理器（12)所預 測的影像與實際拍攝到的影像之間符合特定的高斯分佈. 但若影像擷取元件（11)拍攝到的影像中出現速限桿& 或其他物體，影像處理器（12)所預測的影像和實^ 200530064 攝到的影像之間即出現較大的偏差。 為影像擷取元件（1 i 速輪；遠、所在區域外，宜 判定為完全相同。200530064 发明 Description of the invention: [Technical field to which the invention belongs] The present invention relates to a vehicle speed prompting device, in particular to an image recognition technology to automatically detect a speed limit on a speed limit sign set next to a high-speed road and communicate with the set speed. The speed limit device is compared to remind the driver to grasp the speed of the vehicle to avoid penalty. [Previous technology] Based on safety considerations, traffic units have widely set speed limit signs at intervals between expressways, highways and even general roads. The speed limit signs indicate the maximum or minimum speed limit of the road section. Of course, the traffic police will also ban car drivers who violate the speed limit according to the speed limit. As a result, there is often a cat and mouse game between the driver of the car and the traffic police or illegal photography facilities. In order to help avoid illegal photography, the so-called speedometer has been introduced on the market. When the vehicle approaches the illegal photography facility, the speedometer Radio signals will be received to remind the driver to slow down and avoid being penalized for taking pictures. Suspected of encouraging drivers to be lucky, such devices were once the object of banning and banning. Furthermore, the principle of the aforementioned speedometer is to place a wireless transmitter at the illegal photography facility and continuously transmit signals. When the vehicle approaches, it is notified by receiving the signal, so the so-called speedometer is only applicable to those who take photos in violation of regulations. Evasion has nothing to do with ambush police forces, often in camouflage or inconspicuous locations. Therefore, the most active approach is to comply with the speed limits of various road sections. In addition to avoiding bans, it can also ensure driving safety. However, whether it is an expressway or an expressway, its speed limit does not end in 2005200564. It has different speed limits on different sections. The speed limit is marked on the speed limit sign set on the roadside, which means It is undoubtedly a burden for the driver to grasp the driving conditions and pay attention to the speed limit signs on the roadside while driving. [Summary of the Invention] Therefore, the main object of the present invention is to provide a vehicle speed limit that can be automatically detected and judged on the speed limit mark It set on the roadside, and compared with the set speed limit to remind the driver to grasp the speed at any time, and reduce driving. Burdened by people: reminder device. % The main technical means adopted to achieve the foregoing purpose is to make the aforementioned speed prompting device include:-an image extraction component, which is installed in an appropriate position inside or outside the vehicle to take an image of a roadside; and-an image processor, Equipped with image processing and judgment functions, its input is connected to the output end of the aforementioned image manipulation component through the -video conversion interface. And a microprocessor, which receives the clip + m 〃 receives from the ㈣ processor after analysis and generates a child 疋Or count data, and compare it with the vehicle's current driving speed. Is the ::: detector 'used the current driving speed data to the microprocessor for comparison and judgment? It is set on an output of the microprocessor Terminal, which is used to process and analyze the speed limit for driving consideration. ,, vehicle speed = the other output terminal of the microprocessor is set in the microprocessor, in order to generate when the driving speed ... two speed limit or below the minimum speed limit Warning message reminds 200530064 driver; the use of the aforementioned facilities can automatically determine the speed limit information on the speed limit sign set on the roadside, and then compare it with the current speed of the vehicle, such as too high or too high Time, will produce a warning message to alert the driver, and the general state, the driver can still significant near a helmet # is shown in the information available to the travel section of the & limiting conditions. [Embodiment] The present invention mainly achieves the aforementioned object of the invention by cooperating with electronic components and circuit structures. A feasible composition structure is shown in the first figure, which includes: " An image mining component (11), It is installed at a proper δ position inside or outside the car to capture the image of the roadside; the image processor (1 2) has the function of image processing and judgment, and its input end is through a video conversion interface (1 3) and the aforementioned image capture The output end of the component is connected; the video conversion interface (i 3) in ## converts the image data captured by the image capture component (1 1) into a digital signal that the image processor (work 2) can recognize; a micro-processing (1 4), which receives character or digital data generated by the image processor (Work 2) after analysis, and compares it with the current speed of the vehicle; a speed detector (15), used for the current speed The data is provided to the microprocessor for comparison and judgment; the vehicle speed detector (1 5) can directly detect the rotation speed of the wheel by a reed switch to convert it to the vehicle speed, or use the car Vehicle speed data possessed by the instrument control system; 200530064-display (1 6), which is set at an output of the microprocessor (丄 4) to display the speed limit resolved by the image processor (1 2) For your reference; it can be a light-emitting diode array or a seven-segment display. In this embodiment, it is composed of an array of seven-segment displays. An alarm benefit (17) is set in a microprocessor ( 1 4) Another output terminal 'so as to generate a warning message to remind the driver when the driving speed is above the maximum speed limit or below the minimum speed limit; the information generated by the alarm (17) can be an auditory mode or a visual mode' Or both, "The middle auditory mode provides a number of different alarm sounds, which generate different frequency alarm sounds depending on the speed at which the speed exceeds the speed limit, to facilitate the difference between driving and rest; as for the visual mode, it indicates The lamp generates a warning message, which is integrated with the display (Industrial 6). Among them: the core of the aforementioned image processor (1 2) is a high-speed digital processor (DSP), which uses fuzzy mathematical theory to analyze the video from the video conversion interface (13). Digital 彳 § number Line a lot of computing, from φ - L herein identified Yau A useful characters and numbers. The functions of the image processor (1 2) further include: (1) Pushing the dynamically captured shadow silly person, _ ^ # ~ 诼 into the filtering, enhanced boundary processing ′ to overcome image interference and improve the recognition effect. (2) White envelope a, ancient pT automatically find the position of the speed limit mark in the dynamically collected image (3) On the speed limit mark image, automatically extract the picture of each character (4) From each word Recognize text or numbers in meta images. (5) Send the recognized number to the microprocessor (丄 4) for 200530064 processing. Regarding the aforementioned image manipulation element (11), display and alarm (17), and the body can be recognized / recognized ~ # The installation position of the eight body is shown in the second and third figures. In this embodiment, The image manipulation element (1i) is installed on the skin side of the rearview mirror (20) of the car, and its framing angle varies according to the regulations of the moving direction of each moving vehicle. Therefore, the image manipulation element (⑴'s angle of view is to the right of the other side 'with # | to take continuous images on the right side of the road. In addition, the image capture element (1 1) is also placed in front of the driver's seat. Near the control board 'or co-constructed with the display (16) and alarm (17). Furthermore, the aforementioned display (16) and alarm (17) can be co-constructed into one, in this embodiment Φ, Gan, _ The combination of Bayi constitutes an alarm that is not beneficial 8), which can be set on the instrument control panel, which is convenient for the driver to watch with the light of his eyes. From the above description, the specific structure of the present invention can be understood. As for its working principle, please refer to the following: /,, speed road as an example, because the barriers on the two sides of the South Speed Highway are similar in shape when vehicles are driving on the same speed highway, The image extraction element (the background image from the shelter has a certain coherence, so the image processor (12) can predict the image after a short time based on the field image. If the speed limit does not appear in the captured image In general, the image predicted by the image processor (12) matches the actual Gaussian distribution. However, if a speed limit lever & or other object appears in the image captured by the image capture element (11) There is a large deviation between the image predicted by the image processor (12) and the actual image captured by 200530064. For the image capture element (1 i speed wheel; far and outside the area, it should be determined to be exactly the same .
如第四圖所示，其中圖B為數位預測的影像，而圖A 1 )實際拍攝到的圖像，顯然，除 其他部分的影像在允許誤差範圍内As shown in the fourth figure, where figure B is a digitally predicted image, and figure A 1) the actual captured image, obviously, except for other parts of the image within the allowable error range
2)首先將實際拍攝影像與預測影像均劃分 (如第五圖A所示），再對每個小區域進行2) First divide the actual captured image and predicted image (as shown in Figure 5A), and then perform a small area
匹配比杈（預测值及實際值）並濾除匹配的區域，實際影 像的剩餘區域即為可能的速限標誌所在區域（如第五圖B 由於速限標誌上的字元與數字一般比較亮，而其背景 部分又相對較暗，從而速限標誌所在區域的水平方向梯度 特徵比較明顯。另夕卜，由於速限標誌本身具有比較規則的 外觀和紋理（如第六圖所示），影像處理器（1 2 )可根 據一定的演算法對速限標誌區域的梯度資訊進一步加強， 同時濾除非速限標誌區域。 此後，如第七圖A〜C所示（如左至右依序為原始影 像A、二值化後影像B及選定矩形區域後的影像c )，影 像處理器（1 2 )將對增強後的影像進行二值化處理，然 後再將影像巾的小區域進行合併，最後會獲# 一個或幾個 矩形區域。由於限速速限標誌的高度和寬度總在一定的範 圍内，影像處i 2 )可進一步刪除不可能為速限標 200530064 誌的矩形區域，以取得候選之速限標誌所在區域。 隨後影像處理器（12)再對候選的速限標德區域進 行投影以分割速限標該中的字元：其首先統計定位出速限 標諸區域的直方圖，然後取統計值為零的幾列中的一 為分割字元的邊界，以取得各個翠獨的字元矩形（如第七 圖C所示）。 =限錢限標4上的字元種類有限，影像處理器（ 可以利用窮舉法將單個字元識別出來： 類有限，影像處理器（12)預先為每種字元建 =為N的向量（N為組成該字元的像素個 時也為每個㈣別的字元建 相子疋 珥則空-ΛΑ人 长马Ν的向夏，然後將待 為別子兀的向量和有限的字元種類向量進行 :、 接近的字元作為識別結果。 Λ 將最 有鑒於識別過程中的部分 Β、。和”），影像處理器（12:=Γ8和 進一步識別。 士上述子7L進行 當影像處理$卩1 9、 速限後即主動通速限標1 志並取得其上的 二！t處理器（14)，微處理器"4? …允吟的最高速度，並不停 若實際行車速度小於最高允許速度，^際行車 )上只顯示當前速度，不產生警報訊二直不器（ =度ί於等”高允許速度，則微處：器實際 根據超速範圍而分 ( 1 4 )即 又前$八α 率的f報聲提醒駕駛人。 、刀殳警示訊息的警示範圍亦 J 丁以凋整，如由 200530064 駕駛人預先设定數個警報閥值，當實際車速超過第一個警 報閥值警報顯示器（1 8 )係以較平緩的聲音進行告警 ，超過第二個閥值後的警報其聲音頻率趨高，超過第三個 閥值後的警報其聲音頻率即相對更高。若駕驶人將警報閥 值认置為負數，則警報顯示器可在實際車速接近限制速度 ，進行口吕’例如預先設定的第一個警報閥值& 5km/h， 口速a路的最回限速為12〇km/h，則車速超過125km/h後 警報器開始報警；若第一個間值設置為铺_，高速公 路限速同上，則車速超過11Qkm/h後，該警報顯示器即開 始產生告警訊息。 由上述說明可看出本發明之具體結構型態及其工作原 理，以該等提示裝置可隨時提醒駕駛人目前行駛路段的速 限狀況，並可在車速過低或過高時產生警示訊息，除可免 於交通警察或違規攝影設施的取締外，亦可確保行車安全 丄故以該等設計確已具備突出的特徵與顯然的進步，並符 合發明專利要件，爰依法提起申請。 ' 【圖式簡單說明】 (一）圖式部分 第一圖：係本發明之系統方塊圖。 第二圖：係本發明之-可行安裝位置示意圖。 第二圖：係本發明又-可行安裝位置示意圖。 第四圓A、B:係實際拍攝影像與預測影像之示意 200530064 第五圖A、B :係對實際影像進行分割比對之示意圖 〇 第六圖：係一般速限標誌之特性示意圖。 第七圖A〜C ··係本發明影像處理器判讀影像上字元 數字之示意圖。 (二）元件代表符號 (1 1 )影像擷取元件（1 2 )影像處理器 (1 3 )視訊轉換介面（1 4 )微處理器 (1 5 )車速檢測器 （1 6 )顯示器 (17)警報器 （18)警報顯示器 (2 0 )後視鏡Match the ratio (predicted and actual values) and filter out the matching area. The remaining area of the actual image is the area where the possible speed limit mark is located (such as Figure 5B because the characters and numbers on the speed limit mark are generally compared). It is bright, and its background is relatively dark, so the horizontal gradient characteristics of the area where the speed limit sign is located are obvious. In addition, because the speed limit sign itself has a more regular appearance and texture (as shown in Figure 6), The image processor (12) can further strengthen the gradient information of the speed limit flag area according to a certain algorithm, and filter out the speed limit flag area at the same time. Thereafter, as shown in the seventh diagram A to C (in order from left to right) For the original image A, the binarized image B, and the image c after the rectangular area is selected, the image processor (12) will binarize the enhanced image, and then merge the small areas of the image towel. Finally, one or several rectangular areas will be obtained. Since the height and width of the speed limit speed limit sign are always within a certain range, the image location i 2) can further delete the moments that are not possible for the speed limit mark 200530064. Shape area to obtain the area where the candidate speed limit flag is located. Subsequently, the image processor (12) projects the candidate speed limit marker region to segment the characters in the speed limit marker: it first statistically locates the histogram of the speed limit marker regions, and then takes a statistical value of zero. One of the columns is the boundary of the segmented character to obtain each unique character rectangle (as shown in Figure 7C). = Limited money, limited number of characters on the 4th type, the image processor (can use exhaustive method to identify a single character: the class is limited, the image processor (12) pre-built for each character = a vector of N (N is the number of pixels that make up the character, and also builds a phase for each other character. 疋 珥 空-ΛΑ 人 长 马 Ν 的 向 夏, then the vector and the limited word The meta-type vector is used for :, close characters as the recognition result. Λ will take into account the parts B,. And ") in the recognition process, the image processor (12: = Γ8 and further recognition. The above 7L is used as the image Handle $ 卩 1 9. After the speed limit, the active speed limit mark 1 will be activated and the second one will be obtained! The processor (14), the microprocessor " 4? The driving speed is less than the maximum allowable speed, only the current speed is displayed on the vehicle, and no warning message is generated. If the speed is not high enough, the difference is that the device is actually divided according to the overspeed range (1 4 ) That is, the f sound of the first $ eight alpha rate reminds the driver. The perimeter is also reduced. For example, the 200530064 driver sets several alarm thresholds in advance. When the actual vehicle speed exceeds the first alarm threshold, the alarm indicator (1 8) warns with a gentler sound, exceeding the second. The sound frequency of the alarm after the threshold is higher, and the sound frequency of the alarm after the third threshold is relatively higher. If the driver recognizes the alarm threshold as a negative number, the alarm display can approach the limit at the actual speed. Speed, for example, the first alarm threshold & 5km / h is set in advance, and the maximum speed limit of road A is 120km / h, then the alarm will start to alarm when the vehicle speed exceeds 125km / h; If the first interval value is set to __, and the speed limit of the expressway is the same as above, the alarm display will start to generate an alarm message after the vehicle speed exceeds 11Qkm / h. From the above description, the specific structure and operation of the present invention can be seen. In principle, these reminders can remind the driver of the current speed limit of the road at any time, and generate warning messages when the speed is too low or too high. In addition to being exempted from traffic police or illegal photography facilities, they can also be banned. In order to ensure the safety of driving vehicles, these designs do have outstanding features and obvious progress, and meet the requirements of invention patents, so they filed applications in accordance with the law. '[Simplified illustration of the drawings] (I) The first part of the drawings: the text The block diagram of the system of the invention. The second diagram: a schematic diagram of the present invention-a feasible installation position. The second diagram: a schematic diagram of the present invention-a feasible installation position. The fourth circle A, B: the schematic diagram of the actual and predicted images. 200530064 The fifth pictures A and B are schematic diagrams of segmentation and comparison of actual images. The sixth diagram is a characteristic diagram of general speed limit signs. The seventh diagrams A to C are the images on the image interpreted by the image processor of the present invention. Schematic diagram of meta numbers. (2) Symbols for component representation (1 1) Image capture component (1 2) Image processor (1 3) Video conversion interface (1 4) Microprocessor (1 5) Vehicle speed detector (1 6) Display (17) Alarm (18) Alarm display (2 0) Rearview mirror