200417104 玖、發明說明： L發明所屬之技術領域3 相關申請案之交互參照 本專利申請案係有關於2003年1月17日申請且名為「用 5 於將多重雷射振盪器同調結合的方法與裝置」之第 60/441,027號共同繫屬待審美國臨時專利申請案，且主張其 申請日利益。 本專利申請案之標的内容與2003年1月17日申請且名 為「用於結合雷射光的方法與裝置」之第60/441，026號共同 10 繫屬待審美國臨時專利申請案有關。 發明領域 一般而言本說明是有關於雷射，且更特別是有關於在 組合多重雷射振盪器來產生更高強度之輸出的技術。 【 15 發明背景 許多潛在雷射應用諸如雷射通信、工業材料處理、以 及遠程感測，需要使用產生高亮度光線之雷射源。高亮度 一般定義為每單位立體角每單位頻寬每單位面積之高功 率。從一單一雷射源產生高亮度，一般受限於從雷射媒體 20 抽取或儲存之每單位容量功率或能量固有限制之事實。另 一方面，高亮度雷射輸出可從具有近乎同相位之同調雷射 陣列中獲得。 一在業界提供較高功率雷射輸出之著名方法包含將一 主要雷射振盪器之輸出導引至一些雷射增益元件。於1988 5 200417104200417104 发明 Description of the invention: Cross-reference of related applications in the technical field 3 of the invention. This patent application relates to a method applied on January 17, 2003 and named "Using 5 to combine multiple laser oscillators with coherence." No. 60 / 441,027 in conjunction with Device is a pending US provisional patent application and claims its application date benefit. The subject matter of this patent application is related to the US Provisional Patent Application No. 60 / 441,026, filed on January 17, 2003 and entitled "Methods and Devices for Integrating Laser Light". FIELD OF THE INVENTION This description relates generally to lasers, and more particularly to techniques for combining multiple laser oscillators to produce higher intensity outputs. [15 Background of the Invention Many potential laser applications such as laser communications, industrial material processing, and remote sensing require the use of laser sources that produce high-intensity light. High brightness is generally defined as high power per unit solid angle per unit bandwidth per unit area. The generation of high brightness from a single laser source is generally limited by the fact that power or energy per unit capacity is extracted or stored from the laser medium 20 inherently limited. On the other hand, high-intensity laser output can be obtained from a homogeneous laser array with nearly the same phase. A well-known method of providing higher power laser output in the industry involves directing the output of a major laser oscillator to a number of laser gain components. As of 1988 5 200417104
年7月12日頒授予亞伯拉罕等人之美國專利第4,757,268號 中，敘述該類具有N個平行雷射增益元件之雷射裝置。若N 個雷射增益元件之輸出不同調加總，則所得亮度等於是單 一雷射增益元件產生亮度之N倍。然而，在亞伯拉罕等人之 5 專利中，相位共軛反射器裝置配置在雷射增益元件之光學 路徑中，來提供行經個別雷射增益元件之雷射光束同調加 總。該雷射光束之同調加總提供了所得雷射裝置輸出具有 一與單一雷射增益元件亮度之N2倍成正比之最高亮度。因 此，雷射輸出之同調組合提供雷射輸出亮度實質上的增加。 10 亞伯拉罕等人敘述之雷射裝置使用一主要振盪器，包 含諸如鈥：釔鋁石榴石結晶或二極體雷射之雷射設備及一 些附加光學元件，來確保設備内行進之光線適當極化與引 導。因此，亞伯拉罕等人敘述之裝置可能是昂貴且不易實 行。 15 利用一光纖雷射當作一主要振盪器之高功率雷射系統US Patent No. 4,757,268, issued to Abraham et al. On July 12, 2014, describes this type of laser device with N parallel laser gain elements. If the outputs of the N laser gain elements are summed up differently, the resulting brightness is equal to N times the brightness produced by a single laser gain element. However, in the patent of Abraham et al. 5, the phase conjugate reflector device is arranged in the optical path of the laser gain element to provide the sum of the laser beam coherence through the individual laser gain elements. The homogeneous sum of the laser beams provides the resulting laser device output with a maximum brightness that is proportional to N2 times the brightness of a single laser gain element. Therefore, a homogeneous combination of laser outputs provides a substantial increase in laser output brightness. 10 The laser device described by Abraham et al. Uses a major oscillator, including laser equipment such as “yttrium aluminum garnet crystals or diode lasers, and some additional optical components to ensure proper polarization of the light traveling inside the device With boot. Therefore, the device described by Abraham et al. May be expensive and difficult to implement. 15 High Power Laser System Using a Fiber Laser as a Primary Oscillator
在業界亦相當著名。光纖雷射是相當緊密且有效率，其減 少以光纖雷射為基礎之系統的功率及重量需求。然而，一 單一光纖雷射之功率輸出在無放大或其他功率增加技術之 下則相當低。於2001年4月2日頒授予布洛斯南等人之美國 20 專利第6,366,356號中，公開一使用二極體抽泵光纖雷射作 為主要振盪器及數個連接至主要振盪器之光纖放大器之雷 射系統。為產生單一高功率雷射光束輸出，這些光纖放大 器之輸出藉由一透鏡陣列加以準直。 如上簡述，多重雷射光束之同調組合提供功率輸出呈 6 200417104 冪次律增加。於是，布洛斯南敘述一附加電子裝置來校正 每一光纖放大器提供之輸出相位。在光纖放大器陣列之間 補償相對光學相位移位之能力提供較佳之輸出同調組合。 然而，為檢測及補償相對光學相位移位所需之附加電路增 5 加了由布洛斯南公開之系統的複雜度。而且，光纖放大器 一般比光纖振盪器（雷射）沒效率。於是，由布洛斯南公開之 光纖放大器陣列將比數目相同之光纖振盪器陣列提供較低 功率。所以，由布洛斯南公開之系統被認為比以數個光纖 振盪器為基礎之系統沒效率。 10 其他以光纖雷射為基礎之高功率雷射系統使用多重核 心耦合器光纖振盪器而避免使用光纖放大器。於1996年10 月15日授予西弗瑞斯之美國專利第5,566，196號中，敘述一 種具有二或多個大致平行非同心摻雜核心區域之光纖雷 射。使用多重核心可在光纖之較大區域上散佈光線，因此 15 減少雷射功率密度及減少另外在高光線強度發生之非線性 光學效應。西弗瑞斯公開這些核心彼此放置分散夠遠以確 保在一核心内傳播之光線只以最低限度與在其他核心内傳 播之光線相交，藉此每一核心形成完全獨立之雷射。然而， 該組態在每一核心傳播之光線之間並不提供相位鎖定功 20 能。西弗瑞斯亦公開充分緊密分隔相鄰之核心，使得核心 内光線發生交互作用，因此在光纖中提供一雷射發射器之 鎖相陣列。 諸如由西弗瑞斯公開之系統的多重核心光纖振盪器系 統有一主要問題，就是散熱。因該等核心是平行配置且沿 7 200417104 著核心之整個主動區彼此相鄰，每一核心之熱度將部分傳 導至相㈣、。因此’從多重核心光纖驅散主動區所產生 熱度的能力將限制多重核心光纖振盈器系統之功率，類似 於玻璃竿雷射受限在平均功率量度上之情形一樣。 5 於2001年8月7日杈予關0 (Sekiguchi)之美國專利第 6’272’15mt^ _調光纖之高密度群組的產生 而形成高強度光源。例如，參閱美國專利第6,272,155號中 第3圖。若光纖不交互作用，其將以自己之特性頻率（縱向 才莫式頻譜）發射雷射光而因此不同調。關口揭露該等光纖 10應配置在相互關連之位置以致不交互作用。那麼總功率輸 出將由於能量守恒僅僅隨來源數目（N)成正比增加。 於是’業界對雷射系統存有—需求為：在減少由散熱 造成之功率輸出限制及避免光纖雷射輸出之電子補償的複 雜性同時’業界對雷射系統存有—需求為合併使用低成本 15及有效率之光纖雷射，來產生—或多個更高功率雷射輸出。 L發明内容3 發明概要 本發明之貫施例提供-用於輕合數個雷射及利用這些 雷射之間的交互作用形成-同調光學輸出之方法及裝置。 2〇本發明之實施例最好利用具備充分連接性之光纖雷射來產 生一較南強度之雷射輸出。該等光纖雷射之搞合可藉由使 用業界許多著名技巧之任-種來完成。本發明之較佳實施 例可用使用相當標準之光纖溶解、組合、及拉式技巧製造 之元件來耦合該等光纖雷射。 8 200417104 本發明之實施例在不依靠附加放大器情形下在數個雷 射間產生一同調狀態。組合器在耦合由雷射產生之雷射光 上用來實行適當連接性，藉此該等雷射可形成同相狀態。 該組合器可包含一反射器及美國臨時申請案序號第 5 60/441,026號或代理人檔案編號第B-4759NP 621649-7號 之美國專利申請案揭露之同調耦合器。 本發明之第一實施例提供一同調組合多重雷射振盪器 之方法，包含有：提供數個雷射；搞合這些雷射；在這些 雷射間配置耦合，使得每一雷射與其他至少一種雷射交互 10 作用，來拉起該其他至少一種雷射之内在頻率分佈，其中 雷射之間的交互作用形成一同調光學輸出。 本發明之另一實施例提供一種裝置，包含有：數個光 纖，每一光纖具有一配置在第一端之第一反射器及具有一 包含雷射主動材料之雷射主動區；一或多個用於將泵能量 15 施加至這些光纖中每一光纖之雷射主動區的雷射泵元件； 及一耦合至每一光纖第二端之組合器，該組合器組合從這 些光纖引導之光線且產生一光學輸出，該組合器配置來耦 合從每一光纖導引之光線，使得一條光纖之光線與其他至 少一條光纖交互作用，來拉起該其他至少一條光纖之光線 20 的内在頻率分佈。 本發明仍另有一實施例提供一種雷射裝置，包含有： 數個雷射元件；以及一用於耦合這些雷射元件之第一構 件，該第一構件耦合這些雷射元件，使得每一雷射元件之 雷射光與其他至少一種雷射元件之雷射光交互作用，來拉 9 起該其他至少-種雷射元件之内在頻率分佈；其中在這此 雷射70件之雷射光之間的交互作用形成-同調光學輸出。 本發明有些實施例大體包含一具有含數個輕合一起之 雷射主動區的光纖之褒置。每一光纖具有一安置在一端之 反射器且另-端連接至組合器。每一光纖之雷射果元件提 供泵能量至該等雷射主動區。光纖内傳播之光線交互作用 以便形成同相狀態。該等光纖之陣列在該反射器與該雷射 主動區之間可成對或整體耦合。 圖式簡單說明 參照以下敘述、後附申請專利範圍、及伴隨圖式，本 發明之特徵及優點將更易於了解。 第1圖顯示根據本發明一雷射裝置之一般實施例。 第2圖顯示根據本發明之實施例一使用一雷射裝置之 實驗性設置，亦示範相位同調可藉由適㈣合光纖雷射來 達成。 第3圖顯示第2圖描述之實驗性設置替代組態的受觀察 干涉條紋。 第4圖顯示一以第2圖描述之實驗性設置產生之頻率浪 峰的頻譜分析儀輸出。 第5圖描述一用於第2圖描述之實驗性設置的示波器輸 出，一段時間後可看出功率輸出有大幅峰值。 第6圖顯示根據本發明一雷射裝置之另一實施例。 第7圖將第6圖中光纖雷射同相操作時，輸出功率之期 望增加值與附加光纖雷射導通時的實際測量值作比較。 之#據本發”—實施例，其巾數個光纖雷射 列二⑼合且不同雷射對於另-端輕合，而在陣 列&間提供附知耦合。 弟8 Α圖顯示·笛只闰ό — — 弟8圖所不之耦合器特寫細部圖。 第9圖顯示根據本 之兩端皆由輕合哭耦人 貝列’其中該等光纖雷射 間上彼此接近，而在搞合^ ’不同組光纖在空 而在先纖雷射陣列之區域間提供麵合。 【實施冷式】 較佳實施例之詳細說明 現在本發_訂文參㈣示本發明之較It is also quite famous in the industry. Fiber lasers are quite compact and efficient, which reduces the power and weight requirements of systems based on fiber lasers. However, the power output of a single fiber laser is quite low without amplification or other power increase techniques. U.S. Patent No. 6,366,356, issued to Brosnan et al. On April 2, 2001, discloses the use of a diode pumped fiber laser as the main oscillator and several fiber amplifiers connected to the main oscillator. Laser system. To produce a single high-power laser beam output, the output of these fiber amplifiers is collimated by a lens array. As briefly described above, the coherent combination of multiple laser beams provides a power output increase of 6 200417104 power law. Therefore, Brosnan described an additional electronic device to correct the output phase provided by each fiber amplifier. The ability to compensate relative optical phase shifts between fiber amplifier arrays provides better output coherence combinations. However, the additional circuitry required to detect and compensate for the relative optical phase shift adds to the complexity of the system disclosed by Brosnan. Moreover, fiber amplifiers are generally less efficient than fiber oscillators (lasers). Thus, the fiber amplifier array disclosed by Brosnan will provide lower power than the same number of fiber oscillator arrays. Therefore, the system disclosed by Brosnan is considered to be less efficient than a system based on several fiber oscillators. 10 Other fiber laser-based high-power laser systems use multiple core coupler fiber oscillators instead of fiber amplifiers. U.S. Patent No. 5,566,196, issued to Severus on October 15, 1996, describes an optical fiber laser having two or more substantially parallel non-concentrically doped core regions. The use of multiple cores can spread light over a larger area of the fiber, thus reducing laser power density and reducing the non-linear optical effects that otherwise occur at high light intensities. Severus discloses that these cores are placed far enough apart from each other to ensure that the light propagating in one core only intersects with the light propagating in other cores to a minimum, whereby each core forms a completely independent laser. However, this configuration does not provide phase-locking capability between the rays of light propagated by each core. Severus has also disclosed that the adjacent cores are sufficiently tightly separated so that the light in the cores interacts, so a phase-locked array of laser emitters is provided in the fiber. A major problem with multi-core fiber-optic oscillator systems, such as those disclosed by Severus, is heat dissipation. Because the cores are arranged in parallel and adjacent to each other along the entire active area of the core along 20042004104, the heat of each core will be partially conducted to the same. Therefore, the ability to dissipate the heat generated by the multi-core fiber from the active area will limit the power of the multi-core fiber vibrator system, similar to the case where the glass rod laser is limited to the average power measurement. 5 On August 7, 2001, U.S. Patent No. 6'272'15mt ^ to Sekiguchi was used to generate high-density optical fibers to form high-intensity light sources. See, for example, Figure 3 in U.S. Patent No. 6,272,155. If the fiber does not interact, it will emit laser light at its own characteristic frequency (longitudinal spectrum) and will therefore be differently tuned. The gateway reveals that these optical fibers 10 should be arranged at mutually related positions so as not to interact. Then the total power output will only increase in proportion to the number of sources (N) due to energy conservation. So 'the industry has a laser system — the demand is: while reducing the complexity of power output restrictions caused by heat dissipation and avoiding the complexity of electronic compensation of optical fiber laser output,' the industry has a laser system — the need is a combination of low cost 15 and efficient fiber lasers to produce—or multiple higher power laser outputs. L SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 3 Summary of the Invention The present embodiment of the present invention provides a method and device for lightly combining a plurality of lasers and using the interaction between these lasers to form a coherent optical output. 20 In the embodiment of the present invention, it is preferable to use a fiber laser with sufficient connectivity to generate a laser output with a souther intensity. The combination of these fiber lasers can be accomplished by using any of a number of well-known techniques in the industry. Preferred embodiments of the present invention can couple these fiber lasers with components made using fairly standard fiber dissolution, assembly, and pull techniques. 8 200417104 An embodiment of the present invention produces a coherent state between several lasers without relying on an additional amplifier. The combiner is used to couple the laser light generated by the laser to achieve proper connectivity, whereby the lasers can form an in-phase state. The combiner may include a reflector and a coherent coupler as disclosed in US Patent Application No. 5 60 / 441,026 or Agent File No. B-4759NP 621649-7. A first embodiment of the present invention provides a method for tuning and combining multiple laser oscillators, including: providing several lasers; combining these lasers; configuring coupling between these lasers, so that each laser is at least A laser interaction 10 effect is used to pull up the internal frequency distribution of the at least one other laser, wherein the interaction between the lasers forms a co-adjusted optical output. Another embodiment of the present invention provides a device including: a plurality of optical fibers, each optical fiber having a first reflector disposed at a first end and a laser active area including a laser active material; one or more A laser pump element for applying pump energy 15 to the laser active area of each of these fibers; and a combiner coupled to the second end of each fiber, the combiner combining light guided from the fibers An optical output is generated, and the combiner is configured to couple the light guided from each optical fiber, so that the light of one optical fiber interacts with at least one other optical fiber to pull up the internal frequency distribution of the light 20 of the other at least one optical fiber. Still another embodiment of the present invention provides a laser device, including: a plurality of laser elements; and a first member for coupling the laser elements, the first member is coupled to the laser elements such that each laser The laser light of the laser element interacts with the laser light of at least one other laser element to pull 9 internal frequency distributions of the other at least one laser element; among these, 70 laser beams interact with each other. Effect formation-coherent optical output. Some embodiments of the present invention generally include an arrangement of an optical fiber having a laser active area containing several light sources together. Each fiber has a reflector placed on one end and the other end connected to a combiner. The laser fruit element of each fiber provides pump energy to the laser active areas. The light propagating inside the fiber interacts to form an in-phase state. The array of optical fibers may be coupled in pairs or integrally between the reflector and the laser active area. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The features and advantages of the present invention will be easier to understand with reference to the following description, the scope of the patent application, and accompanying drawings. Fig. 1 shows a general embodiment of a laser device according to the present invention. Fig. 2 shows an experimental setup using a laser device according to the first embodiment of the present invention, and also demonstrates that phase coherence can be achieved by adapting a fiber laser. Figure 3 shows the observed interference fringes of the experimental setup alternative configuration described in Figure 2. Figure 4 shows the spectrum analyzer output of the frequency peaks generated by the experimental setup described in Figure 2. Figure 5 depicts the output of an oscilloscope for the experimental setup described in Figure 2. After a period of time, a large peak in power output can be seen. FIG. 6 shows another embodiment of a laser device according to the present invention. Figure 7 compares the expected increase in output power when the fiber laser in Figure 6 operates in phase with the actual measured value when the additional fiber laser is on. # # 本本 发 ”-Example, several optical fiber lasers are coupled in two and different lasers are closed to the other end, and an informed coupling is provided between the arrays & Only 闰 ό — the close-up detailed view of the coupler that is not shown in Figure 8. Figure 9 shows that according to this book, both ends are coupled by light coupling cry Belle ', where these fiber lasers are close to each other, and are engaged in ^ 'Different sets of optical fibers provide face-to-face bonding between empty and pre-fiber laser array areas. [Implementation of the cold type] Detailed description of the preferred embodiment
伴隨圖式更完敕^^+、 , J J …-敘述。本發明可以不同形式具體化且不應 ，、解釋為受限在本文闊 " 一 ^ 3之貫施例。再者，伴隨圖式中所 丁之某二兀件的尺寸可能誇大以便更清楚顯示細部。本發 明不應只解釋為受限在圖式所示之尺寸關係，圖式所示: 個別元件亦不應只解釋為受限在所示之尺寸。 第1圖顯示根據本發明一雷射裝置100之-般實施例。 第1圖中，數個具有包含雷射媒體之區域的光纖un與具有 耦合裔110及第二反射器105之組合器1〇7的一端耦合一 起。第-反射H1G3安置於每_光纖1G1之另_端。該執合 器110將光線導引至第二部分透射反射器105。該第二反射 器105不僅將光線反射回耦合器11〇,而且製造一光學輸出 130。該組合器107提供可為一自由空間元件或受限於諸如 光纖或波導之光學元件的輸出106。這些光纖之每—條光纖 101從相對應雷射泵元件111接收泵能量。 200417104 耦合器110耦合由受抽泵光纖1(H製造之雷射光，使該 等受抽泵光纖形成同相狀態。由受抽泵光纖1〇1形成之個別 共振器的Q值，最好儘量保持低值來允許不同共振器拉起彼 此内在頻率分佈。此促進同相狀態之形成。第1圖所示襄置 5 1〇〇之低Q值可使用弱反射透射反射器1〇5來實現。 第2圖描繪一種使用本發明另一實施例之實驗性設 置。第2圖所示之雷射裝置200包含一組耦合光纖雷射，其 可從現成商用產品之光學構件組裝。第2圖敘述之裝置2〇〇 中，四個摻雜鈥光纖220與一個五路耦合器21〇耦合一起。 10為了如下所討論之分析，五路耦合器210之第五輸入埠連接 至一快速光二極體297。該等光纖220設有來自泵元件230之 雷射泵能篁，隶好疋813奈米二極體栗雷射。極化控制器223 安置在相對耦合器210的光纖220端點。視準儀225，最好是 ω〇 0.5公釐，間隔1公釐，也安置在相對耦合器21〇的光纖 15 220端點來提供準直光束，供導引至部分鏡24〇。一種非常 咼反射比寬頻栅213安置在耦合器21〇之輸出，使得雷射共 振腔在部分鏡240與高反射比栅213之間形成。 第2圖所不之裝置2〇〇中，光纖振盪器之間的耦合藉由 經五路耦合為210及非常高反射比寬頻栅213之摻雜光纖 20 220來實現。與特定振盪器Q值有關的振盪器之間的耦合可 藉由改變振盪器之輪出耦合而變化。如上簡略註明，裝置 200之雷射輸出藉由安置於視準儀225之部分鏡24〇提供。因 此，輸出耦合歸因於部分鏡24〇之反射比，其最好安置在離 視準儀225約1厘米處；輸出耦合亦受視準儀225之極小反射 12 200417104 比影響。換雜光纖220之長度袁好调整來提供襄置2⑻所需 之操作。 第2圖射之實驗性設置中鎖定模式脈衝雷射29〇 將光脈衝注入個別光纖220,且測量相對輸出到達時間。第 5 2圖所示設置中’這些測量用來將雷射振盪器修整成幾毫米 以内之相同長度。這些不同雷射區段之近似幾米的長度於 第2圖中顯示為接近光纖220之小註解。注意第2圖所示之長 度並未依比例纟會示。 由於具有幾乎等長之光纖振盪器，振盡器模式之浪峰 1〇有可能重疊，亦即，即使絕對自發頻率可能不同，所有振 盪器之模式間距幾乎相同。在以第2圖所示之實驗性設置的 初始實驗中，個別振璗器之q值藉由在輸出只使用非常微弱 (低於4%)之反射部分鏡240來做到儘可能低。該低Q值允許 不同光纖振盪器拉起彼此内在頻率分佈。 15 $而’光纖振據本發明實施例不需要具有相同 長度或幾乎相同長度。該等光纖振盘器可有多達ι〇%或更 夕之長度差異。然而，光纖振盪器之長度應該夠接近，來 允許藉由每-光纖振皇器實現之共振器拉起彼此内在頻率 分佈，並進而獲得同調。 20 與第2圖所示之裝置2〇〇耦合的額外測試裝備可讓裝置 200之性能受量測。如上所註，鎖定模式脈衝雷射29〇將光 脈衝注入裝置200來測量紐長度。該鎖定模式脈衝雷射 290經由連接器化光纖291與相對耦合器21〇之寬頻栅213端 點耦合。如上簡略註明，來自耦合器21〇 一臂之光信號經由 13 200417104 經光學耦合器293連接之光纖295導引至快速光二極體 297。該快速光二極體297生成電氣信號，其導引至射頻頻 譜分析儀257及示波器258。透鏡252及攝影機254為視頻顯 示裔256擷取輸出雷射束之影像。該射頻頻譜分析儀產 5生射頻頻讀顯示，而視頻顯示器256顯示干涉條紋資料，兩 者皆用來確認輸出光束之相位同調。 以第2圖所示之實驗性設置來進行實驗。測試實驗性設 置之三種實驗組態，及觀察由視頻顯示器256顯示之干涉條 紋型樣。該受觀察之干涉條紋型樣顯示於第3圖。參考字元 1〇 301表示從第一個實驗獲得之最佳型樣，而參考字元311表 示從第一個實驗獲得之最差型樣。參考字元302表示從第二 個實驗獲得之最佳型樣，而參考字元312表示最差型樣。參 考字元303表示從第三個實驗獲得之最佳型樣，而參考字元 313表示最差型樣。 15 第一實驗組態中，鎖定模式脈衝雷射290用來當作一種 高同調主振盪器，穿_合器2職應多重同調雷射信號至 光纖22〇。a此，域22〇作為光齡Α||。最佳干涉型樣 301及最差干涉型樣311兩者顯示多重黑色零準位（以參考 子兀300標不），指出遠場之四條光纖22〇輸出之間的同調 20 性。 第二實驗中’鎖定模式脈衝雷射290並不用來供應雷射 輸入。相反地，光纖220只以雷射泵元件230抽泵作為平行 光纖雷射。中等輸出耗合，亦即，相對高Q值，用在光纖， 之輸出。在無不同雷射同調時，干涉型樣應簡單顯示時間 14 200417104 相依模糊點，代表四個獨立雷射，每個在數百個縱向模式 中操作。然而，最佳干涉型樣302及最差干涉型樣312仍顯 示至少存在一些零準位300，指出光纖輸出之間的某同調 性。由此等條紋顯示之時間相依性指出雷射陣列並不停留 5 在固定頻率，而清晰可辨的條紋之相對長期間指出同調狀 態在一定程度上是穩定的。再者，看來較模糊之型樣已指 出喪失同調性，或同調狀態間之跳躍太快使視訊無法抓取。The accompanying drawings are more complete ^^ +,, J J… -narration. The invention may be embodied in different forms and should not be construed as being limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Furthermore, the size of one of the two elements in the accompanying drawings may be exaggerated to show the details more clearly. The invention should not be construed as being limited to the dimensional relationships shown in the drawings, as shown in the drawings: individual components should not be construed as being limited only to the sizes shown. FIG. 1 shows a general embodiment of a laser device 100 according to the present invention. In Fig. 1, a plurality of optical fibers un having a region containing a laser medium are coupled to one end of a combiner 107 having a coupling node 110 and a second reflector 105. The -th reflection H1G3 is placed at the other end of each fiber 1G1. The coupler 110 directs light to the second partially transmitting reflector 105. The second reflector 105 not only reflects light back to the coupler 110, but also produces an optical output 130. The combiner 107 provides an output 106 which may be a free space element or restricted to an optical element such as an optical fiber or a waveguide. Each of these optical fibers 101 receives pump energy from a corresponding laser pump element 111. 200417104 The coupler 110 couples the laser light manufactured by the pumped optical fiber 1 (H), so that the pumped optical fiber forms an in-phase state. The Q value of the individual resonator formed by the pumped optical fiber 101 is best maintained as much as possible. Low values allow different resonators to pull up each other's intrinsic frequency distribution. This promotes the formation of the in-phase state. A low Q value of 5 100 as shown in Figure 1 can be achieved using a weak reflection transflector 105. Figure 2 depicts an experimental setup using another embodiment of the present invention. The laser device 200 shown in Figure 2 includes a set of coupled fiber lasers that can be assembled from optical components of off-the-shelf commercial products. Figure 2 describes In device 2000, four doped fiber 220 are coupled with a five-way coupler 21. 10 For analysis as discussed below, the fifth input port of five-way coupler 210 is connected to a fast photodiode 297 The optical fibers 220 are provided with a laser pump energy from a pump element 230, which is controlled by a 813 nm diode laser. The polarization controller 223 is placed at the end of the optical fiber 220 opposite the coupler 210. Sight 225, preferably ω 0.5 mm, 1 mm apart It is also placed at the end of the fiber 15 220 opposite the coupler 21 to provide a collimated beam for guidance to a part of the mirror 24. A very wide reflection ratio wideband grating 213 is placed at the output of the coupler 21 and makes the laser The resonant cavity is formed between the partial mirror 240 and the high reflection ratio grid 213. In the device 200 shown in Fig. 2, the coupling between the fiber oscillators is 210 through a five-way coupling and a wide frequency grid with a very high reflection ratio. The 213 is doped with optical fiber 20 220. The coupling between the oscillators related to the specific oscillator Q value can be changed by changing the wheel out coupling of the oscillator. As briefly noted above, the laser output of the device 200 is set by Part of the mirror 24o provided at the collimator 225. Therefore, the output coupling is attributed to the reflectance of the part of the mirror 24o, which is preferably placed about 1 cm from the collimator 225; the output coupling is also affected by the collimator 225 The minimum reflection is 12 200417104. The length of the hybrid fiber 220 is adjusted to provide the necessary operation for setting 2⑻. Figure 2 shows the experimental setting of the locked mode pulse laser 29. Light pulses are injected into individual fibers 220 And the relative output of the measurement to Time. In the setup shown in Figure 5 2 'these measurements are used to trim the laser oscillator to the same length within a few millimeters. The approximate lengths of these different laser segments are shown in Figure 2 as being close to the fiber 220 The small note. Note that the length shown in Figure 2 is not shown in proportion. Due to the fiber oscillator with almost equal length, the peak 10 of the exhaustor mode may overlap, that is, even the absolute spontaneous frequency May be different, the mode spacing of all oscillators is almost the same. In the initial experiment with the experimental setup shown in Figure 2, the q value of the individual oscillators is only very weak (less than 4%) The reflecting part mirror 240 is made as low as possible. This low Q value allows different fiber oscillators to pull up each other's intrinsic frequency distribution. 15 'and the' optical fiber 'need not have the same length or nearly the same length according to the embodiment of the present invention. These fiber optic discs can have length differences of up to 10% or more. However, the length of the fiber-optic oscillator should be close enough to allow the resonators implemented by the per-fiber vibrator to pull up each other's internal frequency distribution, and then obtain coherence. 20 Additional testing equipment coupled to the device 200 shown in Figure 2 allows the performance of the device 200 to be measured. As noted above, the lock-mode pulsed laser 29 injects a light pulse into the device 200 to measure the button length. The lock-mode pulsed laser 290 is coupled to the wide-band grating 213 of the opposite coupler 21 through a connectorized optical fiber 291. As indicated briefly above, the optical signal from the arm of the coupler 21〇 is guided to the fast photodiode 297 via the fiber 295 connected to the optical coupler 293 via 13 200417104. The fast photodiode 297 generates electrical signals that are directed to a radio frequency spectrum analyzer 257 and an oscilloscope 258. The lens 252 and the camera 254 capture an image of the output laser beam for the video display 256. The radio frequency spectrum analyzer produces five-generation radio frequency reading display, and the video display 256 displays interference fringe data, both of which are used to confirm that the phase of the output beam is coherent. Experiments were performed with the experimental setup shown in Figure 2. Test the three experimental configurations of the experimental settings, and observe the interference pattern displayed by the video display 256. The observed interference fringe pattern is shown in FIG. 3. Reference character 10301 indicates the best pattern obtained from the first experiment, and reference character 311 indicates the worst pattern obtained from the first experiment. Reference character 302 indicates the best pattern obtained from the second experiment, and reference character 312 indicates the worst pattern. Reference character 303 indicates the best pattern obtained from the third experiment, and reference character 313 indicates the worst pattern. 15 In the first experimental configuration, the lock-mode pulse laser 290 is used as a high-homogeneity main oscillator, and the multi-homogeneity laser signal should be transmitted to the optical fiber 22. a Here, the domain 22 is defined as the light age A ||. Both the best interference pattern 301 and the worst interference pattern 311 show multiple black zero levels (referenced by the reference sub-300), indicating the coherence between the outputs of the four fibers in the far field. In the second experiment, the 'locked-mode pulsed laser 290 was not used to supply a laser input. In contrast, the optical fiber 220 uses only the laser pump element 230 as a pump for the parallel optical fiber laser. Medium output power consumption, that is, a relatively high Q value, used in fiber optic output. When there is no different laser coherence, the interference pattern should simply show the time. 14 200417104 Dependent fuzzy points represent four independent lasers, each operating in hundreds of vertical modes. However, the best interference pattern 302 and the worst interference pattern 312 still show the presence of at least some zero levels 300, indicating some coherence between the fiber outputs. The time dependence of the display of such fringes indicates that the laser array does not stay at a fixed frequency, and the relatively long period of clearly discernible fringes indicates that the homology state is stable to a certain extent. Furthermore, the seemingly vague patterns have pointed out the loss of homology, or the jump between homology states is too fast to capture the video.
第三實驗中，光纖220再配置成平行光纖雷射（不使用 主振盪器）。配合光纖雷射與使用低輸出耦合(低Q值）。雖然 10 型樣303、313兩者比以其他兩種組態所觀察之型樣有點模 糊，最佳干涉型樣303及最差干涉型樣313仍顯示存在一些 零準位300。然而，此實驗顯示，光纖振盪器之間同調性仍 可在低Q值輸出耦合狀態中取得。In the third experiment, the optical fiber 220 was reconfigured as a parallel fiber laser (without using a main oscillator). Cooperate with fiber laser and use low output coupling (low Q value). Although both the 10-patterns 303 and 313 are a bit more vague than the patterns observed in the other two configurations, the best interference pattern 303 and the worst-interference pattern 313 still show some zero level 300. However, this experiment shows that the coherence between the fiber oscillators can still be obtained in the low-Q output coupling state.
第4圖顯示一種以頻譜分析儀257觀察之同差式頻譜。 15 第4圖顯示只有單一頻率之浪峰出現。雖然未顯示於第4 圖，該裝置測試期間，可藉由打開或關閉一或另一雷射而 在頻譜分析儀257上觀察到拉起個別模式。 第5圖顯示當裝置200在低輸出耦合狀態配置時之時序 行為。快速光二極體297之輸出導引至示波器258。第5圖顯 20 示短時間取樣之示波器顯示。如第5圖所示，輸出即時上下 起伏，但功率輸出有顯著的峰值，指出四個光纖振盪器間 有強烈的交互作用。 根據本發明之雷射裝置600替代實施例顯示於第6圖。 第6圖中，五路耦合器610，類似用在第2圖之裝置200的五 15 417i〇4 路轉合11210 ’將五個包含雷射主動材料之光纖段62〇麵合 在一起。每一光纖段620以摻雜材料摻雜。每一光纖段62〇 在本實施例尹最好以歛摻雜，並藉由諸如二極體泵之雷射 泵元件630加以抽泵。該泵能量可使用諸如WDM耦合器之 5商業耦合裝置633耦合到光纖段620。每—光纖段62〇在一端 終止於纖維反射柵623。每一光纖段62〇另一端與五路耦合 态610耦合。該五路耦合器61〇最好包含三個5〇% _ 5〇%耦合 态612及一個80% _ 20%耦合器614。該五路耦合器之輸出導 引至部分反射之反射器640,其將光線反射回該耦合器並且 10 透射出一雷射輸出650。 第6圖所示之雷射裝置60〇與第2圖所示之雷射裝置2⑻ 不同於促進光纖振盪器形成之反射器已被倒袈。亦即，每 一光纖段620直接與高反射元件耦合，也就是說，與光纖栅 反射器623耦合，且部分反射元件64〇安置在五路耦合器61〇 15之輸出。五路耦合器610之輸出也被當作雷射裝置600之輸 出，而非第2圖所示之裝置2〇〇的多重準直輸出。光纖振盪 器及五路耦合器61〇之配置亦有助於所有雷射重疊之裝置 輸出的測量，亦即，在五路耦合器61〇之輸出處測量。 第6圖所示之雷射裝置600的功率測量結果顯示於第7 20圖。右五個雷射之間不同調，無論如何我們期待總功率之 1/5由光纖雷射產生並在實行功率抽樣測量之處的耦合器 610之輸出臂顯現。再者，我們期待功率隨開啟雷射之數量 增加而線性成長。但是，第7圖顯示功率隨雷射導通之總數 置N之增加而以N2倍成長。這指出來自每一光纖雷射之雷射 16 光束在功率測量處之辆合器610的輸出臂同調同相。 根據本發明之雷射裝置綱另_實施例顯示於"圖。 該雷射裝置包含數個光纖路徑82〇及一轉合器81〇。每一光 纖路徑820包含：摻雜段822，其接收雷射抽泵能量；耗合 5連接舰4，其將光纖路徑82〇連接至轉合器隊及反射器 連接#又826 〃 §有光纖柵反射器gw或將光纖路徑82〇連至 高反射性元件。光纖路徑82〇之特定幾條的反射器連接段 826可與搞合n833成對㈣合―起。每—光纖路徑㈣可包含 具上述區段之單—光纖，或可包含搞合—起之多重光纖， 10使用業界熟知技術來形成上述區段。 主要搞合為810更詳細地顯示於第8八圖。該搞合器81〇 包含這些光纖路徑820的耦合連接段824，其綑綁一起、伸 展及融合形成一提供高局部相鄰耦合區之耦合段。耦 口杰810最好另包含已分開或磨平及覆蓋之表面8丨3來提供 15光纖路徑820内製造之雷射光的部分反射及部分透射作 用。該耦合器之較佳實施例在共同待審及共同讓渡美國臨 時專利申請案第60/441,026號，，用於結合雷射光的方法與裝 置’’ ’或美國專利申請案（代理人檔案編號第B-4759NP 621649-7號）’’’用於結合雷射光的方法與裝置，，中，有敘述 20 其額外細節。 每一光纖路徑820由於摻雜段822泵能量的施加而形成 一光纖振盪裔’而共振腔藉由耦合器810之表面813及每一 光纖路徑820之光纖栅反射器828形成。於是，耦合器810提 供將來自每一光纖路徑820之雷射光組合成單一雷射光束 17 200417104 的能力，相當類似第6圖所示之裝置的耦合器61〇。來自每 一光纖路徑820的雷射光之間的耦合程度可由耦合器81〇之 綑綁光纖伸展量及長度來控制。該等光纖對於特定連接性 經調諧而給予所需之耦合程度。最好，該等光纖不會狹窄 5到不再支援傳播模式。 由於光纖路徑820之反射器連接段826成對耦合，光纖 路径820可以叢集搞合來看待。叢集搞合允許陣列行為像是 所有陣列元件直接與陣列其他所有元件耦合。因為“全部對 全部”耦合系統可顯示自發性有序一無序變動，這就是個重 10要的考量，而在只有局部陣列交互作用之一維或二維系統 中則無δ玄種^^動。因為t置800任^一部分的陣列構件之間口 出現局部交互作用，最好以使出現叢集耦合同調狀態自發 形成。 根據本發明之替代實施例使用耦合器之雷射裝置9 〇 〇 15繪示於第9圖。第9圖所示之雷射裝置900基於光纖路徑82〇 之反射為連接段826的_合與第8圖所示之雷射裝置⑽〇不 同。換句話說，如第9圖所示之雷射裝置9〇〇仍包含數個光 纖路徑820及一耦合器810。每一光纖路徑82〇仍包含：摻雜 段822，其接收雷射抽泵能量；耦合連接段824，將光纖路 20徑820與耦合器810耦合；以及反射器連接段826，其含有光 纖柵反射器828並將光纖路徑820與高反射性元件耦合。然 而，有一第二耦合器970用來將所有反射器連接段826耦合 一起。該第二耦合器970可包含類似耦合器81〇之綑綁及融 合耦合為，或可包含業界所熟知以光纖對光纖方式提供耦 18 合多重光纖之能力的其他I馬合器。 人。。光纖路徑820最好在第4合器97(m和路徑82〇在搞 口。。81鳩σ -起不同之型樣_合_起。亦即，相同路徑82〇 最好在輕合㈣0及第二_合㈣㈣者中彼此不相鄰。隨 5機耗合型樣可用在第二耗合器97〇來確保至少有些路徑不 對映至相同位置。另-選擇是，由理論分析決定之指定型 樣可用來達到特定耦合需求。 第9圖戶斤示之裝置90〇可看成具有一種，，光纖編織，，形 式，亦即，具有形成正規二維晶格橫截面之光纖在轉合器 10 由空間衰減消_合與局部鄰近物交互作用，且在第 4合11970與不同光較互仙。該架構制調振盈器陣 列之自發性自我組織提供必備之特性。 卜弟8圖及第9圖所示之實施例特別適合用光纖雷射實 15 ^帛8圖及第9圖所示之光纖雷射架構應具有將光纖路徑 陣列自發地組織為鎖頻（亦即，同調）及相位有序狀態之能 力。 第8圖及第9圖顯示之光纖雷射架構，為了在大量光纖 之間提供更精緻的耦合，也應有足夠彈性允許增加更多連 20接:轉口（亦即’綱綁、伸展、及融合區域）。若光纖振盪器 2高功率水平，其他組件，諸如輕合器及非摻雜光纖段， 2然’必須能夠處理這些高功率水平。實施例中揭示之功 陳處理由個別光纖及可讓陣列穩定之功率範圍來決定。該 歹J輪出透過施加在抽栗區域功率的量來控制。 然而，與根據本發明實施例相關之功率處理議題並不 19 200417104 如與運用窄頻光學放大器之系統相關的議題來得迫切。因 為根據本發明實施例之振盪器可在寬頻操作，由受激布里 淵（Billouin)散射（SBS)及其他非線性效應加諸之功率限制 即可大量減輕。在光纖中製造之光纖柵要夠寬來允許振盪 5 頻寬是SBS頻寬的許多倍。因此，非線性光學效應可望不致 限制操作。 本發明有些實施例包含一具有耦合一起之多重雷射元 件的雷射裝置。該等雷射元件包含具有雷射主動區之光 纖。每一光纖具有一反射器置於一端而另一端連接至一組 10 合器。每一光纖之雷射泵元件提供泵能量至雷射主動區。 光纖内傳播之光線交互作用來形成同相狀態。光纖之陣列 可在反射器及雷射主動區之間以成對或整體耦合。 從以上敘述，本發明很明顯具有數項優點，有些已在 本文中敘述，而其他優點在本文敘述或請求之發明實施例 15 中就已存在。在不悖離本文所述之主題内容教示下，也要 了解本文敘述之裝置及方法可作多種修改。例如，本發明 之特定實施例如上所述以光纖元件實行，本發明之其他實 施例則可藉使用自由空間光學元件及非光纖雷射來實行。 就此點而言，除了後附申請專利範圍要求之外，本發明並 20 不侷限在所述之實施例中。 【圖式簡單說明】 第1圖顯示根據本發明一雷射裝置之一般實施例。 第2圖顯示根據本發明之實施例一使用一雷射裝置之 實驗性設置，亦示範相位同調可藉由適當耦合光纖雷射來 20 200417104 達成。 第3圖顯示第2圖描述之實驗性設置替代組態的受觀察 干涉條紋。 第4圖顯示一以第2圖描述之實驗性設置產生之頻率浪 5 峰的頻譜分析儀輸出。 第5圖描述一用於第2圖描述之實驗性設置的示波器輸 出，一段時間後可看出功率輸出有大幅峰值。 第6圖顯示根據本發明一雷射裝置之另一實施例。 第7圖將第6圖中光纖雷射同相操作時，輸出功率之期 10 望增加值與附加光纖雷射導通時的實際測量值作比較。 第8圖顯示根據本發明另一實施例，其中數個光纖雷射 之一端與躺合器搞合且不同雷射對於另一端躺合’而在陣 列區間提供附加耦合。 第8A圖顯示第8圖所示之耦合器特寫細部圖。 15 第9圖顯示根據本發明另一實施例，其中該等光纖雷射 之兩端皆由耦合器耦合；每一耦合器處，不同組光纖在空 間上彼此接近，而在光纖雷射陣列之區域間提供耦合。 【圖式之主要元件代表符號表】 100,200,600,800,900· · ·雷射裝置 101，295…光纖 103···第一反射器 105···第二反射器 106…輸出 107···組合器 110,810,833,612,614···耦合器 210,610···五路耦合器 111，230,630···雷射泵元件 130···光學輸出 213···高反射比寬頻柵 220···摻雜鈥光纖 21 200417104 223···極化控制器 311，312,313…最差干涉型樣 225…視準儀 620…光纖段 240…部分鏡 623…光纖反射栅 252…透鏡 633…商用耦合裝置 254…攝影機 640···反射元件 256···視頻顯示器 650…雷射輸出 257…頻譜分析儀 813···表面 258···示波器 815…耦合段 290···鎖定模式脈衝雷射 820…光纖路徑 291···連接器化纖維 822···摻雜段 293···光學耦合器 824…耦合連接段 297···快速光二極體 826···反射器連接段 300···零準位 828…光纖柵反射器 301，302,303…最佳干涉型樣 970…第二耦合器FIG. 4 shows a homodyne spectrum viewed with a spectrum analyzer 257. 15 Figure 4 shows that only a single frequency peak appears. Although not shown in Figure 4, during the test of the device, individual modes of pull-up can be observed on the spectrum analyzer 257 by turning one or another laser on or off. Figure 5 shows the timing behavior when the device 200 is configured in a low output coupling state. The output of the fast photodiode 297 is directed to an oscilloscope 258. Figure 5 shows the oscilloscope display for short-time sampling. As shown in Figure 5, the output fluctuates immediately, but the power output has a significant peak, indicating a strong interaction between the four fiber oscillators. An alternative embodiment of a laser device 600 according to the present invention is shown in FIG. In Fig. 6, the five-way coupler 610 is similar to the five 15 417i04 circuit turns 11210 'used in the device 200 of Fig. 2 to combine the five optical fiber segments 62o containing the laser active material together. Each fiber segment 620 is doped with a doping material. Each fiber segment 62 is preferably doped in this embodiment and pumped by a laser pump element 630 such as a diode pump. This pump energy can be coupled to the fiber optic section 620 using a commercial coupling device 633 such as a WDM coupler. Each-fiber segment 62o terminates in a fiber reflective grid 623 at one end. The other end of each fiber segment 62 is coupled to a five-way coupling state 610. The five-way coupler 610 preferably includes three 50% _50% coupling states 612 and an 80% _20% coupler 614. The output of the five-way coupler is directed to a partially reflecting reflector 640, which reflects light back to the coupler and transmits a laser output 650. The laser device 60 shown in FIG. 6 and the laser device 2 所示 shown in FIG. 2 are different from the reflector which promotes the formation of the fiber oscillator, and has been inverted. That is, each fiber segment 620 is directly coupled with a highly reflective element, that is, coupled with a fiber grating reflector 623, and a part of the reflective element 64 is disposed at the output of the five-way coupler 61105. The output of the five-way coupler 610 is also regarded as the output of the laser device 600 instead of the multiple collimation output of the device 200 shown in FIG. 2. The configuration of the optical fiber oscillator and the five-way coupler 61o also facilitates the measurement of the output of all laser-overlapping devices, that is, the measurement at the output of the five-way coupler 61o. The power measurement results of the laser device 600 shown in FIG. 6 are shown in FIGS. 7 to 20. The five right lasers have different tunes. In any case, we expect that one fifth of the total power will be generated by the fiber laser and the output arm of the coupler 610 where the power sampling measurement is performed. Furthermore, we expect the power to grow linearly as the number of lasers turned on increases. However, Figure 7 shows that the power increases by N2 times as the total laser conduction N increases. This indicates that the output arm of the laser 16 beam from each fiber laser at the power measurement unit of the combiner 610 is coherent and in phase. Another embodiment of the laser device according to the present invention is shown in the " Figure. The laser device includes several fiber paths 820 and a coupler 810. Each fiber path 820 includes: a doped section 822 that receives the energy of the laser pump; a consumption 5 connection ship 4 that connects the fiber path 820 to the coupler team and the reflector connection # and 826 〃 § there is an optical fiber The grid reflector gw may connect the fiber path 820 to a highly reflective element. A certain number of reflector connection sections 826 of the optical fiber path 82 may be paired together with the coupling n833. Each fiber path may include a single fiber with the above-mentioned sections, or may include multiple fibers with a combination of the above. 10 Using well-known techniques in the industry to form the above sections. The main combination is 810, which is shown in more detail in Figures 8 and 8. The coupler 810 includes the coupling connection sections 824 of these fiber paths 820, which are bundled together, stretched, and fused to form a coupling section that provides a highly localized adjacent coupling region. Coupling 810 preferably further includes a surface that has been separated or flattened and covered to provide partial reflection and partial transmission of laser light manufactured in 15 fiber path 820. The preferred embodiment of this coupler is co-pending and co-assigning US Provisional Patent Application No. 60 / 441,026, a method and device for combining laser light '' or a US patent application (Agent File Number No. B-4759NP No. 621649-7) '' 'Methods and devices for combining laser light, in which there are 20 additional details. Each fiber path 820 forms a fiber oscillator due to the application of the pump energy of the doped section 822, and the resonant cavity is formed by the surface 813 of the coupler 810 and the fiber grating reflector 828 of each fiber path 820. Thus, the coupler 810 provides the ability to combine the laser light from each fiber path 820 into a single laser beam 17 200417104, which is quite similar to the coupler 61 of the device shown in FIG. The degree of coupling between the laser light from each fiber path 820 can be controlled by the amount and length of the bundled fiber of the coupler 810. These fibers are tuned for specific connectivity to give the required degree of coupling. Preferably, such fibers are not narrow 5 to no longer support propagation mode. Since the reflector connection sections 826 of the fiber path 820 are coupled in pairs, the fiber path 820 can be viewed in clusters. Clustering allows arrays to behave as if all array elements are directly coupled to all other elements of the array. Because the "all-to-all" coupling system can show spontaneous orderly and disorderly changes, this is a 10 important consideration, and there is no δ mystery in one-dimensional or two-dimensional systems with only local array interactions ^^ move. Because local interaction occurs between the array members at any part of 800, it is best to spontaneously form cluster cohomology. A laser device 90015 using a coupler according to an alternative embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. The laser device 900 shown in FIG. 9 is different from the laser device ⑽0 shown in FIG. 8 based on the reflection of the optical fiber path 82o as the connection section 826. In other words, the laser device 900 shown in FIG. 9 still includes several optical fiber paths 820 and a coupler 810. Each fiber path 820 still includes: a doped section 822 that receives the energy of the laser pump; a coupling connection section 824 that couples the fiber path 20 diameter 820 to the coupler 810; and a reflector connection section 826 that contains a fiber grating The reflector 828 also couples the fiber path 820 with the highly reflective element. However, a second coupler 970 is used to couple all of the reflector connection sections 826 together. The second coupler 970 may include bundling and fusion coupling similar to the coupler 810, or may include other I couplers that are well known in the industry to provide the ability to couple multiple fibers in a fiber-to-fiber manner. people. . The optical fiber path 820 is preferably in the fourth combiner 97 (m and the path 820 is in the mouth. 81 do σ-from different patterns_combined_start. That is, the same path 820 is preferably The second_combiners are not adjacent to each other. The five-machine consumable pattern can be used in the second consumable 97o to ensure that at least some paths do not map to the same location. The other option is a designation determined by theoretical analysis. The pattern can be used to meet specific coupling requirements. The device shown in Fig. 9 can be regarded as having a fiber optic braided form, that is, an optical fiber converter with a regular two-dimensional lattice cross-section. 10 Interaction between local attenuation and spatial attenuation by space attenuation, and mutual interaction with different lights in the fourth round 11970. This architecture provides the necessary characteristics for the spontaneous self-organization of the tuner array. The embodiment shown in FIG. 9 is particularly suitable for realizing the optical fiber laser architecture shown in FIG. 15 and FIG. 9 with the optical fiber laser architecture shown in FIG. The ability to phase order the fiber laser architecture shown in Figures 8 and 9, In order to provide more delicate coupling between a large number of fibers, there should also be enough flexibility to allow for more connections: re-exports (ie, 'tethered, stretched, and fusion areas). If the fiber oscillator 2 has a high power level, other Components, such as light couplers and undoped fiber segments, must be able to handle these high power levels. The processing techniques disclosed in the examples are determined by the individual fibers and the power range that can stabilize the array. The 歹 J wheel The output is controlled by the amount of power applied to the pumping area. However, the power processing issues related to the embodiments of the present invention are not as urgent as those related to systems using narrowband optical amplifiers. For example, the oscillator can be operated at a wide frequency range, which can be greatly reduced by the power limit imposed by stimulated Billouin scattering (SBS) and other non-linear effects. The fiber grid manufactured in the fiber must be wide enough to allow oscillation 5 The bandwidth is many times that of SBS. Therefore, non-linear optical effects are not expected to limit operation. Some embodiments of the present invention include a Laser device with heavy laser element. These laser elements include optical fiber with laser active area. Each optical fiber has a reflector at one end and the other end is connected to a set of 10 couplers. The laser of each optical fiber The pump element provides pump energy to the laser active area. The light propagating in the optical fiber interacts to form an in-phase state. The array of optical fibers can be coupled in pairs or integrally between the reflector and the laser active area. From the above description, the present invention Obviously, there are several advantages, some of which have been described in this article, and other advantages already exist in Embodiment 15 of the invention described or requested herein. Without departing from the teaching of the subject matter described in this article, it is also necessary to understand the description of this article. The device and method can be modified in various ways. For example, a specific embodiment of the present invention is implemented as an optical fiber element as described above, and other embodiments of the present invention can be implemented by using a free-space optical element and a non-optical fiber laser. In this regard, the present invention is not limited to the described embodiments, except for the requirements of the scope of patent application. [Brief Description of the Drawings] FIG. 1 shows a general embodiment of a laser device according to the present invention. Fig. 2 shows an experimental setup using a laser device according to the first embodiment of the present invention, and also demonstrates that phase coherence can be achieved by appropriately coupling a fiber laser 20 200417104. Figure 3 shows the observed interference fringes of the experimental setup alternative configuration described in Figure 2. Figure 4 shows the spectrum analyzer output of a frequency wave 5 peak generated by the experimental setup described in Figure 2. Figure 5 depicts the output of an oscilloscope for the experimental setup described in Figure 2. After a period of time, a large peak in power output can be seen. FIG. 6 shows another embodiment of a laser device according to the present invention. Fig. 7 compares the expected increase in output power of the optical fiber laser in Fig. 6 with the in-phase operation, and the actual measured value when the additional optical fiber laser is turned on. Fig. 8 shows another embodiment of the present invention, in which one end of several optical fiber lasers is engaged with a recliner and different lasers are collapsed for the other end 'to provide additional coupling in the array interval. Figure 8A shows a close-up detail view of the coupler shown in Figure 8. 15 FIG. 9 shows another embodiment of the present invention, in which both ends of the optical fiber lasers are coupled by a coupler; at each coupler, different groups of optical fibers are close to each other in space, and in the optical fiber laser array, Coupling is provided between zones. [Representative symbols for main components of the diagram] 100,200,600,800,900 ... · Laser device 101,295 ... Optical fiber 103 ... First reflector 105 ... Second reflector 106 ... Output 107 ... Combiner 110,810,833,612,614 ... · Coupler 210,610 ·· Five-way coupler 111,230,630 ·· Laser pump element 130 ··· Optical output 213 ·· High reflection ratio wideband grid 220 ·· Doped fiber 21 200417104 223 ··· Polarization controllers 311, 312, 313 ... worst interference pattern 225 ... collimator 620 ... fiber segment 240 ... partial mirror 623 ... fiber reflection grid 252 ... lens 633 ... commercial coupling device 254 ... camera 640 ... reflection element 256 ... Video display 650 ... laser output 257 ... spectrum analyzer 813 ... surface 258 ... oscilloscope 815 ... coupling section 290 ... lock mode pulse laser 820 ... fiber path 291 ... connector fiber 822 ··· Doping section 293 ·· Optical coupler 824 ... Coupling connection section 297 ·· Fast photodiode 826 ·· Reflector connection section 300 ·· Zero level 828… Fiber grid reflector 301,302,303 … Best interference pattern 970… Two coupler
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