200411211 玖、發明說明 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係爲一種光信號通信之被動元件，尤指一種具 可調式補償晶體之光波長間隔器。 【先前技術】 DWDM (Dense wavelength division multiplexing)技術係 將多數載有不同訊號的光波長，僅透過單一光纖傳遞，藉 此提昇光信號的傳輸容量，其中不同波長的合成與分離 (Mux/Demux)及加取（Add/Drop)，大多使用光學薄膜濾片加 以完成。但是當光學薄膜瀘片傳輸訊號的通道-通道間距 (Channel spacing)密集至100G(0.8nm)後則不易降低，此時可 直接串接光波長間隔器元件，降低傳輸系統中通道-通道 間距至50G(0.4nm)甚至更小，故不失爲一增加總傳輸容量 的可行方式，其最大特色在於不變動既有光學薄膜瀘片網 路架構之前提下，通道數目即可倍增而使總傳輸容量得以 提高。 晶體式光波長間隔器(Optical signal interleaver)的主要 架構包含有：光偏振位移器（Optical polarization beam displacer)、光波長交錯機構與光偏振分離/合倂器(Optical polarization beam splitter/combiner) 0 請參閱第五圖所示，爲一習用單級式光波長交錯機構 (5 0 )示意圖，主要包含有兩雙折射波片（Birefringent element)( 5 1 )( 5 2 )以及一檢偏鏡（Analyzer) 200411211 (53)，其中第二雙折射波片（5 2 )係作爲一 ITU(International Telecommunication Union)波長調整片並提 供溫度穩定之用。根據兩雙折射波片（5 1 )( 5 2 )之 材料溫度膨脹係數（Thermal expansion coefficient)與溫度 光學係數（Thermal optical coefficient)，可分別決定兩雙 折射波片（5 1 ) ( 5 2 )之長度分別爲LW1與LW2，藉 此取得良好之分波效應與操作溫度範圍內保持穩定，該單 級式光波長交錯機構（5 0 )之穿透光譜圖請參閱第六圖 所示。 請參閱第七圖所示，係爲一習用雙級式光波長交錯機 構（6 0 )，主要由複數個雙折射波片（6 1 )〜（6 4 )與一檢偏鏡（6 5 )組成，其中第四雙折射波片（6 4 )即作爲溫度補償之用，該雙級式光波長交錯機構（6 0 )之穿透光譜係如第八圖所示，相較於單級式光波長交 錯機構（5 0 )，其通帶寬度(Passband width)較爲增加且 更加平坦化(Flattened)(如箭號A所示）。 前述光波長交錯機構（5 0 )( 6 0 )的功能在於 ITU波長的取得與波長間距(Channel spacing)之控制，同時 提供波長相對於溫度改變時的穩定度控制，以降低穿透中 心波長値對於溫度改變所產生的飄移問題。由於晶體式光 波長間隔器原理，係利用相位干涉原理達成波長交錯分 離’對於補償晶體（即前述雙折射波片5 2、6 4 )的長 度精準度要求也就非常的高（長度誤差最好在±〇.5um以 內）。但以現今技術而言，僅能夠保障晶體長度之誤差値最 小爲±3um，實無法滿足許多光學要求。 200411211 請比較第九圖與第十A〜十C圖，第九圖所示是一理 想晶體長度之分光圖，而第十A〜十C圖則是當晶體長度 之誤差値爲lum、2um、3um時之模擬分光圖，由圖中可 明顯得知當晶體長度誤差値爲3um時，其光學特性已無法 達到光波長間隔器所須的目標需求。 【發明內容】 有鑑於前述習用晶體式光波長間隔器之晶體長度難以 掌控的缺點，本發明之主要目的係提供一種具可調式補償 晶體之光波長間隔器，允許光學鏡片具有長度誤差之下， 利用該補償晶體之光學特性造成波長相關相位延遲，使該 光波長間隔器仍可獲得最佳之穩定穿透頻譜。 爲達成前述目的，該具可調式補償晶體之光波長間隔 器係具有·’ 一矩形本體，該本體係形成有一容置溝槽； 複數光學鏡片，係設置於前述容置溝槽內部而形成光 信號之行進路徑； 一調整機構，係設於前述光信號行進路徑之中，該調 整機構上係設有一補償晶體，藉由調整該補償晶體與其它 光學鏡片之相對位置，令輸入之光信號可獲得最佳波長分 光效果。 前述調整機構係可自本體之一側(即垂直光路方向）穿 入而位於溝槽中，該調整機構係可加以轉動而直接控制前 述補償晶體之置放角度。 200411211 另一調整機構亦可自本體底部穿入而位於溝槽中，而 藉由垂直昇降該調整機構可調整一楔形補償晶體之擺設高 度。 前述矩形本體兩端係各延伸出一方形套管，可供與光 纖準直器連接。 【實施方式】 請參閱第一圖所示，爲本發明光波長間隔器之第一實 施例，該光波長間隔器係由一矩形本體（1 1 )做爲主體 封裝機構，於本體（1 1 )頂面係向下形成一供置放光學 晶體（圖中未示）之長條溝槽（1 2)，溝槽（1 2 )內 部係設有一長形隔板（1 3 )，又本體（1 1 )兩端係各 延伸出一中空方形套管（1 4)，各方形套管（1 4)可 供與一光纖準直器（collimator，圖中未示）套接。 於本體（1 1 ) 一側板上係形成有一圓形開孔（1 5 )而連通前述溝槽（1 2 )，以供一調整機構（2 0 ) 插設進入溝槽（1 2 )內部，而前述隔板（1 3 )對應於 開孔（1 5 )處亦形成一弧形缺口（ 1 6 )’當前述調整 機構（2 0 )進入溝槽（1 2 )時即可同時跨置於開孔 (1 5 )及缺口（ 1 6 )兩者之孔緣上。又於形成開孔 (1 5 )之同一側邊上係形成一中空通道（1 7 )’其一 端係與前述開孔（1 5 )貫通，另端係開設於本體（1 1)之一端面上。 該調整機構（2 0 )上係可置放一長度約數公釐(mm) 之補償晶體（3 0)(如第二圖所示）’其中前述調整機 200411211 構（2 0)係由一圓柱體的一端面沿其軸線方向，採半剖 方式而切削出一對應補償晶體（3 0 )長度的置放平台 (21)，且仍保留一段適當長度的圓柱體而作爲抵止段 (2 2 )，該抵止段（2 2 )之外端面則形成一道淺凹痕 (2 3 )，當調整機構（2 0 )進入溝槽（1 2 )內部 時，藉由該道凹痕（2 3 )可直接旋轉調整機構（2 0 )，進而決定補償晶體（3 0)的置放角度以微調其有 效光程。故當光束信號進入補償晶體（3 0 )後，因補償 晶體（.3 0 )之有效光程已改變，信號行經晶體內部的路 徑長度經調整，將可提供最佳的光程差補償匹配， 當補償晶體（3 0 )其角度調整完成後，將可借助一 設於前述中空通道（1 7 )內部的定位機構（4 0 )(請 參閱第一圖所示）直接抵觸前述抵止段（2 2 )，以固定 住該抵止段（2 2 )使其不再旋動而確保補償晶體（3 0 )之設置角度不致偏移，復對該定位機構（4 0 )及調 整機構（2 0 )兩者點膠固定，前述定位機構（4 0)係 由有一頂棒（4 1 )、一彈簧（4 2 )以及一螺管（4 3)所組成。 請參考第三圖所示，爲本發明之另一實施例，相較於 前述第一實施例其不同之處在於該調整機構（2 0 ’）係 自形成於本體（1 1 )底部之開孔（1 5 ’）穿設進入溝 槽（1 2 )中，且該調整機構（2 0，）係由一圓柱體之 一端面向下切削出一 U形平台（2 1 ’）所形成，於該U 形平台（2 0’）上係設置一楔形補償晶體（3 0，）。因 200411211 在此實施例中爲配合該楔形補償晶體（3 0 ’）之光學特 性，係令前述調整機構（2 0 ’）採相對於本體（1 〇 ) 作垂直方向的高度調整，以獲得最佳的波長分波效果’而 光束信號係自該楔形補償晶體（3 0 ’）之垂直平面進入 而由其斜面射出（光束信號之行進方向係如圖中A — A’ 方向所示），因此當調整該楔形補償晶體（3 0’）的垂 直方向時，光束信號行經晶體內部路徑長度亦會改變，此 實施例即藉由改變楔形補償晶體（3 0 ’）的有效光程， 達到分光交錯機構的光程差補償匹配目的。 無論前述實施例何者，前述的調整機構（2 0 )( 2 0’）及補償晶體（ 3 0 ) ( 3 0’）的數量係可依據實際 需求增設，並非僅侷限於單組補償。 請參閱第四A及四B圖所示，其中圖式四A係爲一雙 級式光波長交錯機構所量測出的穿透光譜圖，其中的補償 晶體係尙未調整其設置角度，而第四B圖中所示即顯示出 該補償晶體經適當旋轉一角度後，再次測量出其穿透光譜 圖，兩者比較後係可明顯看出其效能確已大幅提昇。 綜上所述’本發明係僅須於現有之光波長間隔器的架 構下增設一調整機構，據此改變補償晶體之角度或是其垂 直位徑’進而決定光束信號於此補償晶體之有效光程路徑 長度而達到分光要求，其相較於習用準確要求補償晶體長 度的作法’已大幅改善實施的可行度且仍能獲得最佳的分 光要求，係符合發明專利之申請要件，爰依法具文提出申 百円0 200411211 【圖式簡單說明】 (一）圖式部份： 第一圖：係本發明一實施例之分解圖。 第二圖：係第一圖之局部外觀圖。 第三圖：係本發明另一實施例之分解圖。 第四A圖：係一雙級式光波長間隔器之補償晶體未調整角 度前之穿透光譜。200411211 发明 、 Explanation of the invention [Technical field to which the invention belongs] The present invention is a passive component for optical signal communication, especially an optical wavelength spacer with an adjustable compensation crystal. [Previous technology] DWDM (Dense wavelength division multiplexing) technology is to transmit most of the optical wavelengths carrying different signals through a single optical fiber, thereby increasing the transmission capacity of optical signals, in which different wavelengths are combined and separated (Mux / Demux) And Add / Drop, mostly use optical film filters to complete. However, when the channel-to-channel spacing of the transmission signal of the optical film is dense to 100G (0.8nm), it is not easy to reduce. At this time, the optical wavelength spacer element can be directly connected in series to reduce the channel-to-channel spacing in the transmission system to 50G (0.4nm) is even smaller, so it is a feasible way to increase the total transmission capacity. Its biggest feature is that it does not change the existing optical film cymbal network architecture, and the number of channels can be doubled to make the total transmission. Increased capacity. The main architecture of the crystal signal optical interleaver includes: optical polarization beam displacer, optical wavelength interleaving mechanism and optical polarization beam splitter / combiner. 0 Please Refer to the fifth figure, which is a schematic diagram of a conventional single-stage optical wavelength interleaving mechanism (50), which mainly includes two birefringent elements (5 1) (5 2) and an analyzer (Analyzer). 200411211 (53), where the second birefringent wave plate (52) is used as an ITU (International Telecommunication Union) wavelength adjustment plate and provides temperature stabilization. The two birefringent wave plates (5 1) (5 2) can be respectively determined according to the material's thermal expansion coefficient and thermal optical coefficient (5 1) (5 2) The lengths are LW1 and LW2 respectively, so as to obtain a good demultiplexing effect and maintain stability in the operating temperature range. The transmission spectrum of the single-stage optical wavelength interleaving mechanism (50) is shown in the sixth figure. Please refer to the seventh figure, which is a conventional two-stage optical wavelength interleaving mechanism (60), which is mainly composed of a plurality of birefringent wave plates (6 1) to (6 4) and an analyzer (6 5 ), In which the fourth birefringent wave plate (64) is used for temperature compensation, and the transmission spectrum of the dual-stage optical wavelength interleaving mechanism (60) is shown in the eighth figure, compared with a single stage The optical wavelength interleaving mechanism (50) has a higher passband width and is more flattened (as shown by arrow A). The function of the aforementioned optical wavelength interleaving mechanism (50) (60) is to obtain the ITU wavelength and control the channel spacing, and at the same time provide stability control when the wavelength changes with temperature, so as to reduce the penetration center wavelength. For drift problems caused by temperature changes. Due to the principle of the crystal-type optical wavelength spacer, the phase-interference principle is used to achieve the wavelength interleaving separation. The length accuracy requirements for the compensation crystal (ie, the aforementioned birefringent wave plates 5 2, 6 4) are very high (the length error is the best Within ± 0.5um). However, as far as the current technology is concerned, it can only guarantee the minimum error of the crystal length 値 3um, which cannot meet many optical requirements. 200411211 Please compare the ninth graph with the tenth A to ten C graphs. The ninth graph is a spectrogram of an ideal crystal length, and the tenth A to ten C graphs are when the error of the crystal length 値 is lum, 2um, The simulation spectrogram at 3um, it can be clearly seen from the figure that when the crystal length error 3 is 3um, its optical characteristics can no longer reach the target requirements of the optical wavelength spacer. [Summary of the Invention] In view of the disadvantage that the crystal length of the conventional crystal optical wavelength spacer is difficult to control, the main purpose of the present invention is to provide an optical wavelength spacer with an adjustable compensation crystal, which allows the optical lens to have a length error. Using the optical characteristics of the compensation crystal to cause a wavelength-dependent phase delay, the optical wavelength spacer can still obtain the best stable transmission spectrum. In order to achieve the aforementioned object, the optical wavelength spacer with adjustable compensation crystal has a rectangular body, and the system is formed with a receiving groove; a plurality of optical lenses are arranged inside the receiving groove to form light Signal travel path; An adjustment mechanism is set in the aforementioned optical signal travel path, and a compensation crystal is provided on the adjustment mechanism. By adjusting the relative position of the compensation crystal and other optical lenses, the input optical signal can be adjusted. Get the best wavelength splitting effect. The aforementioned adjustment mechanism can be penetrated from one side of the body (that is, the direction of the vertical optical path) and is located in the groove. The adjustment mechanism can be rotated to directly control the placement angle of the aforementioned compensation crystal. 200411211 Another adjustment mechanism can also pass through from the bottom of the body and be located in the groove, and the height of a wedge-shaped compensation crystal can be adjusted by vertically lifting the adjustment mechanism. A rectangular sleeve is extended at each end of the rectangular body, which can be connected with an optical fiber collimator. [Embodiment] Please refer to the first figure, which is the first embodiment of the optical wavelength spacer of the present invention. The optical wavelength spacer uses a rectangular body (1 1) as the main packaging mechanism, and the body (1 1 ) The top surface is formed downward with a long groove (1 2) for placing an optical crystal (not shown). The groove (1 2) is provided with a long partition (1 3) inside, and the body (1 1) A hollow square sleeve (1 4) is extended at each end of each end, and each square sleeve (1 4) can be sleeved with a fiber collimator (not shown). A circular opening (1 5) is formed on a side plate of the body (1 1) to communicate with the aforementioned groove (1 2), so that an adjustment mechanism (20) can be inserted into the groove (1 2), An arc-shaped notch (1 6) is also formed at the aforementioned partition (1 3) corresponding to the opening (1 5). When the aforementioned adjusting mechanism (2 0) enters the groove (1 2), it can be placed at the same time. The opening edge (1 5) and the notch (16) are on the edge of the hole. A hollow channel (1 7) is formed on the same side of the opening (1 5). One end is connected to the opening (1 5), and the other end is opened on one end surface of the body (1 1). on. A compensation crystal (3 0) (as shown in the second figure) with a length of a few millimeters (mm) can be placed on the adjustment mechanism (20). The adjustment machine 200411211 (2 0) is composed of a cylinder. One end surface of the body is cut in half to cut a placement platform (21) corresponding to the length of the compensating crystal (30) in the direction of its axis, and a section of cylinder of appropriate length is retained as a stop section (2 2 ), A shallow dent (2 3) is formed on the outer end surface of the abutment section (2 2). When the adjustment mechanism (20) enters the inside of the groove (1 2), the dent (2 3) ) Can directly rotate the adjustment mechanism (20) to determine the placement angle of the compensation crystal (30) to fine-tune its effective optical path. Therefore, when the beam signal enters the compensation crystal (3 0), the effective optical path of the compensation crystal (.3 0) has been changed, and the path length of the signal passing through the crystal is adjusted to provide the best optical path difference compensation matching. After the angle adjustment of the compensating crystal (30) is completed, it can directly abut against the above-mentioned abutment section by means of a positioning mechanism (40) (see the first figure) provided inside the hollow passage (17). 2 2), in order to fix the abutment section (2 2) so that it no longer rotates to ensure that the setting angle of the compensation crystal (30) does not shift, the positioning mechanism (40) and the adjustment mechanism (2) 0) The two are fixed by glue. The positioning mechanism (40) is composed of a top rod (41), a spring (42), and a solenoid (43). Please refer to the third figure, which is another embodiment of the present invention. Compared with the first embodiment, the difference lies in that the adjusting mechanism (20 ') is formed from the opening of the bottom of the main body (11). The hole (1 5 ') penetrates into the groove (1 2), and the adjustment mechanism (20,) is formed by cutting a U-shaped platform (2 1') downward from one end surface of a cylinder, and A wedge-shaped compensation crystal (30 ′) is arranged on the U-shaped platform (20 ′). In order to match the optical characteristics of the wedge-shaped compensation crystal (30 ') in this embodiment, 200411211, the aforementioned adjustment mechanism (20') was adjusted to the vertical height relative to the body (100) to obtain the most Good wavelength demultiplexing effect 'and the beam signal enters from the vertical plane of the wedge-shaped compensation crystal (30') and exits from its inclined plane (the direction of travel of the beam signal is shown in the direction A-A 'in the figure), so When the vertical direction of the wedge-shaped compensation crystal (3 0 ') is adjusted, the length of the beam signal passing through the crystal will also change. In this embodiment, the effective optical path of the wedge-shaped compensation crystal (3 0') is changed to achieve spectral interleaving The optical path difference compensation of the mechanism is matched for the purpose. Regardless of the foregoing embodiment, the numbers of the aforementioned adjustment mechanisms (20) (20 ') and compensation crystals (30) (30') can be added according to actual needs, and are not limited to a single set of compensation. Please refer to the diagrams in the fourth A and four B, where the diagram A is a transmission spectrum measured by a two-stage optical wavelength interleaving mechanism, and the compensation crystal system 尙 has not adjusted its setting angle, and Figure 4B shows that after the compensation crystal has been properly rotated for an angle, its transmission spectrum is measured again. After comparing the two, it can be clearly seen that its efficiency has indeed been greatly improved. In summary, the present invention only needs to add an adjustment mechanism under the existing optical wavelength spacer structure, and accordingly change the angle of the compensation crystal or its vertical position diameter to determine the effective light of the beam signal in the compensation crystal. Compared with the conventional method of accurately compensating for the crystal length, the method has greatly improved the feasibility of implementation and still can obtain the best spectroscopic requirements. It meets the application requirements for invention patents. Put forward Shen Baiji 0 200411211 [Schematic description] (I) Schematic part: The first figure: is an exploded view of an embodiment of the present invention. The second picture is a partial external view of the first picture. The third figure is an exploded view of another embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4A: Transmission spectrum of a two-stage optical wavelength spacer before the angle is adjusted.
第四B圖：係一雙級式光波長間隔器之補償晶體調整角度 後之穿透光譜。 第五圖：係一習用單級式光波長交錯機構示意圖。 第六圖：係第五圖所示單級式光波長交錯機構之穿透光譜 圖。 第七圖：係一習用雙級式光波長交錯機構示意圖。 第八圖：係第七圖所示雙級式光波長交錯機構之穿透光譜 圖0 第九圖：係一理想補償晶體之穿透光譜圖。 第十A〜十C圖：係補償晶體長度之誤差値爲 lumFigure 4B: Transmission spectrum of a two-stage optical wavelength spacer after the compensation crystal is adjusted for angle. Figure 5: A schematic diagram of a conventional single-stage optical wavelength interleaving mechanism. Figure 6: The transmission spectrum of the single-stage light wavelength interleaving mechanism shown in Figure 5. Figure 7: A schematic diagram of a conventional two-stage optical wavelength interleaving mechanism. Figure 8: The transmission spectrum of the two-stage optical wavelength interleaving mechanism shown in Figure 7 Figure 9: The transmission spectrum of an ideal compensation crystal. The tenth A to ten C pictures: the error of compensating the crystal length is lum
2um、3um時之模擬分光圖。 (二）元件代表符號： (1 2 )溝槽 (14)方形套管 (1 6 )、缺口 (2 0)調整機構 (1 1 )矩形本體 (1 3 )隔板 (1 5 )開孔 (1 7 )中空通道 12 200411211 (2 1 )平台 (2 1 ’）U形平台 (2 2 )抵止段 (2 3 )凹痕 (3 0 )補償晶體 (3 0 ’）楔形補償晶體 (4 0 )定位機構 (4 1 )頂棒 (4 2 )彈簧 (4 3 )螺管 (5 0 )單級式光波長交錯機構 (6 0 )雙級式光波長交錯機構 (51) (52) (61)〜（64)雙折射波片 (5 3 ) ( 6 5 )檢偏鏡Simulated spectrograms at 2um and 3um. (2) Symbols of components: (1 2) groove (14) square sleeve (1 6), notch (20), adjustment mechanism (1 1), rectangular body (1 3), partition (1 5), opening ( 1 7) hollow channel 12 200411211 (2 1) platform (2 1 ') U-shaped platform (2 2) abutment section (2 3) dent (3 0) compensation crystal (3 0') wedge compensation crystal (4 0 ) Positioning mechanism (4 1) Top rod (4 2) Spring (4 3) Solenoid (50) Single-stage optical wavelength interleaving mechanism (60) Double-stage optical wavelength interleaving mechanism (51) (52) (61 ) ~ (64) Birefringent Wave Plate (5 3) (6 5)