TW200408694A - Oriented nanostructures and methods of preparing - Google Patents

Abstract

This invention provides compositions and devices having structurally ordered nanostructures, as well as methods for producing structurally ordered nanostructrues.

Description

发明 Description of the invention: Interaction with related patent applications as reference material This patent application claims: US provisional application USSN 60 / 408,722 filed by Mihai Buretea et al on September 5, 2002, patent name: Nano "Composition", USSN 60 / 421,353 filed by Erik Scher et al on October 25, 2002, Patent Name: Optical Volatilization Device Based on Nanocomposition ", Erik Scher et al, March 2003 USSN 60 / 452,038 filed on the 4th, patent name: "Photo-voltaic device based on nanometer composition", and filed by Jeffery A. Whiteford et al on March 4, 2003 USSN 60 / 452,232, patent name: "Organic substances that can promote the transfer of charge into / out of nanocrystals ,. This application claims the individual priority and rights of these previous applications, and all of its disclosures are incorporated herein. This case serves as a reference. [Technical Field to which the Invention belongs] Field of the Invention The present invention belongs to the field of nanotechnology. In particular, the present invention is directed to non-randomly oriented and / or arranged nanostructures, and related manufacturing. [Background of the Prior Art Invention] Nanostructures such as nanotubes, nanocrystals, and nanocircuits have been used in electronics, chemistry, optics, and other applications for their interesting and novel properties. Huge attention. These nanomaterials have a variety of intended and practical uses. Their uses include: as nanomaterials for semiconductors. 200408694 sub-materials, and in emission devices (such as lasers, LEDs, etc.) as Optoelectronic equipment, and sensor equipment [see, for example, International Application PCT / US03 / 09827 filed on March 1, 2003, International Application PCT / US03 / 09991 filed on March 1, 2003, And the lawyer's trial with the case together with the case 5 investigation number: 40-001320PC, PCT application WO 03/005450, US patent case number: USPN 5,230,957, USPN 5,537,000, USPN 5,990,479, USPN 6,198,655, a & USPN 6,207,229]. Although The commercial applications of the molecular, physical, chemical, and optical properties of these materials have been speculated, but commercial products have not yet been marketed. In these, there are integrated nanostructured components. In the field of equipment, some of the difficulties in manufacturing commercial products come from the difficulty of processing and processing such fine grade materials. For example, the existing photo-voltaic device technology mainly based on nanocrystals suffers from nanostructures. Difficulty with insufficient charge transferred to the photovoltaic device. A limiting factor in the electron / hole transfer is the nanocrystalline packing and 15 regular degrees. In general, nanostructures made with a large number of free-placement elements must be configured and / or oriented within a photovoltaic device, which is a difficult task. Although a variety of methods are available for fabricating nanostructures, the existing technology is still insufficient to fabricate arrays with selectively oriented or planned nanostructures. 2〇 Therefore, in this technique, for non-random-oriented nanostructures and / or non-random-aligned nanostructures and their non-random-oriented nanostructures and / or non-random-aligned nanostructures There is a need for a method for preparing a structure (for example, living in a matrix). The present invention fulfills these and many other needs. The invention can be fully understood below the overview. 7 200408694 [Summary of the Invention] Summary of the Invention The present invention provides a composition composed of a regular nanostructure and a method for preparing a regular nanostructure. Any of a variety of nanostructures (or combinations of nanostructures) can be used in the composition and method of the present invention, including (but not limited to): nanocrystals, nanospheres, nano Rice rods, nano-circuits, nano-broadbands, nano-tetrapods, various branch structures (such as dendrimer branches), quantum dots, nano-dots, and the like. 10 In one aspect, the invention provides a variety of regular nanostructures that reside within the matrix. In a specific example, the regular nanostructure of the structure is a substantially non-random-oriented nanostructure. Optionally, the non-random-oriented nanostructures are substantially aligned with each other and are substantially aligned with a particular axis. For those components that interact with or come close to a substrate, they can be oriented with a particular axis, so as to be substantially perpendicular to the surface of the substrate, parallel to the surface, or at a desired angle to the surface. In another aspect of the present invention, a plurality of regular nanostructures provides an array of regularly planned nanostructures. Alternatively, the provided structured regular nano structure is a structure planned in an irregular 20 regular nano structure. The nanostructures that can be used in the composition of the present invention can take a variety of possible shapes, for example: the structure of the regular nanostructures can be: nanocrystals, nanopoints, nanospheres, nanorods, nanocircuits, nano Rice tetrapods, dendrimer branches, quantum dots, or any combination of them. 8 200408694 Preferably, the nanostructure is an inorganic nanostructure, such as a conductive nanostructure or a semiconductor nanostructure. Optionally, the substrate used in the composition of the present invention is one or more components that can interact with each other to form a plurality of receiving structures, thereby giving the present invention nanostructures a regularity and / or orientation. In some specific examples, self-organizing molecules, such as: are used to prepare self-assembled monolayers. Furthermore, in some specific examples, one or more components of the matrix may be chemically cross-linked to each other, or polymerized (for example, during or after forming the nanostructure-containing matrix). 10 Optionally, one or more of the matrix components can also crosslink one or more nanostructures, or crosslink a nanostructure surface ligand (eg, an interface component (eg, a surfactant)). . In some embodiments, the multiple functional groups of these matrix components can be used to incorporate the nanostructures of the present invention. In some embodiments of the present invention, the nanostructure-containing component 15 of the present invention has two or more matrix layers. Preferably, each member layer includes a plurality of regular nanostructures. The member nanostructure resident in the first matrix layer may (or may not) be aligned with the member nanostructure resident in the adjacent matrix layer. In another aspect, the present invention provides a composition having a plurality of regular nanostructures, wherein a member nanostructure comprises one or more ligands capable of being aligned with the 20nm structure. Typically, the regular nanostructure of the structure is a substantially non-randomly oriented nanostructure. Optionally, the regular nanostructure of the structure is a substantially aligned nanostructure. The structural regularization of the multiple nanostructures is performed by having a first aligned ligand that resides in the first member nanostructure and a second aligned ligand that resides in the adjacent 9 member nanostructure. Interaction. Typically, the first and second aligned ligands are complementary binding pairs. Optionally, the two complementary groups of the binding pair reside on the same molecule (ie, a multifunctional dysprosium is a child). In some embodiments, a single chemical can be used as the first and second alignment ligand. Alternatively, two pairs of halves of the complementary binding pair reside in different compositions, and accordingly the first and second alignment ligands are different molecules. In a preferred embodiment, the first and second alignment ligands are self-organizing molecules. For example, a self-conforming monolayer component can be used to generate aligned ligands. The complementary binding pair typically used for the alignment ligand has a molecular recognition functional group. For example, the alignment ligand may include a compound containing an amine and a compound containing an alcohol. Alternatively, one or more biomolecule pairs can be used as alignment ligands. Examples of biomolecule pairs include (but are not limited to): an antibody and an antigen that can bind the antibody, biotin and albumin (or streptavidin), a lectin (Lectin) and a Carbohydrate ligands, complementary nucleic acids, a pair of halves and a pair of halves. Furthermore, a combination of biomolecules can be used. In a specific example, each of the first alignment ligand and / or the second alignment ligand may include one or more specific molecular recognition functional groups. These aligned ligands can interact (directly or indirectly) with any of a variety of nanodevice shapes and sizes (e.g., spherical, oval, extended or branched structures). For example, the nanostructure may be a nanocrystal, a nanosphere, a 200408694 nanorod, a nanocircuit, a nanotetrapod, a tree-like polymer branch structure, or any combination thereof. Preferably, the nanostructure is an inorganic nanostructure, such as a conductive nanostructure or a semiconductor nanostructure. The aligned ligand can interact directly with the surface with a nanostructure, or indirectly through a surface ligand that resides in the nanostructure. The interaction can be, for example, an ionic interaction Interaction, a covalent interaction, a hydrogen bond interaction, an electrostatic interaction, a reservoir residual force interaction, a van der Waals force interaction, or even a combination of them . Optionally, the 10 chemical composition having the first and / or second alignment ligand may include one or more functional group head groups capable of binding a nanostructure surface or an interface surface ligand. . The chemical functional groups that can be used as the functional group head group in the present invention may include (but not limited to): one or more phosphonic acid, carboxylic acid, amine, phosphine, phosphine oxide, aminobenzoic acid , Urea, 15-amidine, isocyanate, ammonium, nitro, pyrimidine, imidazole, ethylenediamine and salen, dithione, catechol, N, 0 coordination ligands (for example: Ethanolamine or aniline phosphonate), P, N coordination ligands and / or thiol groups. In yet another aspect, the present invention provides a plurality of 20 groups that can be arranged on a substrate and consist of regular nanostructures (eg, substantially aligned nanostructures). The nanostructure can be configured, for example, substantially parallel to the plane of the substrate, substantially parallel to the substrate, or at another specific angle. Furthermore, the substrate may be planar, curved, or include more complex second or third degree spatial geometries. Preferably, the position or orientation of the nanostructure can be selected, thereby adjusting the groups composed of the nanostructures; this can be achieved by selecting a suitable atomic geometry by 11 200408694. , Square, flat, octahedron configuration. Optionally, the geometry or another particular 5 10 invention also provides methods that can be used to prepare aligned, oriented, or other structurally regular nanostructures. In the specific example of the method of the present invention, the preparation of multiple non-randomly oriented or non-randomly distributed nanostructures living in a matrix can be accomplished by a) configuring multiple nanostructures and a matrix composition, wherein the matrix composition The objects include ... one or more receiving structures ("holes") that can be combined with the nanostructures, and ... in the presence of the plurality of nanostructures, heating and cooling the matrix composition to thereby The non-randomly oriented or non-randomly distributed nanostructures are prepared in the matrix. 15 In a specific example, the matrix composition is made of one or more matrix components or monomers in an irregular (unassembled) form; in the presence of the various nanostructures, heating and then cooling The matrix composition allows the matrix surrounding a plurality of nanostructures to be thermodynamically regularized, thereby preparing a kind of regular matrix containing nanostructures. In an alternative embodiment, the matrix composition is made into a 20-member matrix, and the pre-made matrix has a plurality of receiving structures capable of combining the nanostructure. In the presence of the various nanostructures, heating and then cooling the matrix composition can generate the energy required to insert the receiving structure that resides in the matrix into the nanostructures. In another embodiment of the present invention, methods are provided for preparing a plurality of selectively-oriented nanostructures. The methods include the steps of: a) configuring a plurality of nanostructures, the nanostructures including a first group of nanostructures that can interact with the first homologous ligand of 12 200408694, and a nanostructure that can interact with the first A second group of nanostructures interacting with two aligned ligands; b) making the first aligned ligands living in a first nanostructure and the second living structure in a second adjacent nanostructure Two aligned ligands interact with each other to selectively orient the nanostructures. Preferably, the first and second alignment ligands are physically coupled (eg, bonded) to the surface of the nanostructure (or a molecule that interacts with the surface). Typically, this interaction is via the 10-portion of an aligned ligand of the invention having a nanostructure binding group or a functional group head group. In some specific examples, nano-circuits or nano-rods are used as nano-structures. The nanorods or nanocircuits can be fabricated on a substrate by a variety of techniques, such as: vapor deposition or solution phase deposition. These nanorods or nanocircuits are then processed with the aligned ligands. Example 15 For example, after manufacturing several nano-circuits, the first alignment ligand is vapor-deposited on a surface composed of the nano-circuits or nano-rods of the first part; and then The second alignment ligand is vapor-deposited on a surface composed of the nanocircuits or nanorods of the second part. Thereafter, the nanostructure-aligned ligand conjugates are allowed to interact, thereby driving the orientation of the nanostructures. Optionally, the nanostructure-aligned ligand conjugate is removed from the substrate before the first and second aligned ligands interact. Optionally, the first and second alignment ligands are molecules that have been selected for use in a particular molecular recognition functional group or group. An example of a better molecular recognition functional group than 13 200408694 is the group of compounds called "self-organizing molecules". These molecular recognition functional groups can provide a simple chemical interaction [for example: a hydrogen bond between an amine group and an alcohol group], or a more complex interaction [for example: a biomolecule pair Show 5 of them]. The first and second alignment ligands are allowed to interact to achieve selective orientation of multiple nanostructures, which can be performed, for example: by heating and then cooling the multiple nanostructures. In various specific examples, the first and second alignment ligands may further include a crosslinkable or polymerizable element. The interaction of the aligned ligands may optionally include a step of cross-linking or polymerizing the first and second aligned ligands, for example, forming a matrix. As a further embodiment of the present invention, the plurality of selectively oriented nanostructures can be fixed to a substrate or surface. Optionally, the first and second alignment ligands can be removed after being fixed to the aligned nanostructures, thereby generating a plurality of selectively oriented nanostructures on a substrate. Any of a variety of nanostructures known in the art can be used in these methods, including (but not limited to): nanocrystals, nanopoints, nano20m spheres, nanorods, nanocircuits , Nano-broadband, nano-tetrapod, a variety of branch structures or a combination of them. The present invention also provides a plurality of nanostructures prepared by the methods described above with selective orientation, non-random orientation, or non-random distribution. The alignment and / or tissue nanostructures of the present invention can be used in any of a variety of devices. It includes (but is not limited to): a variety of photovoltaic devices, optically coupled electronic devices (LEDs, laser, Optical amplifier), light collector, light detector, and / or the like. Definition 5 Before describing the present invention in detail, it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to a particular device or biological system. The present invention should have variations. It should also be understood that the terminology used in this case is for the purpose of describing specific examples and is not intended to be limiting. When used in this specification and the scope of patent applications attached thereto, unless otherwise indicated in the text, the singular forms "a", "an" 10 and "the" include plural referents. Therefore, for example, : "A substrate may optionally include a combination of two or more substrates; when referring to" nanocircuits ", then a mixture of nanocircuits and Analogs 0 Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms 15 used in this case have the same definitions as those skilled in the art to which this invention relates. Although any method and materials similar or equivalent to those described in this application can be used in the testing of the present invention, the preferred materials and methods are those described in this application. In the scope of the present specification and patent application, the following terms are cited in accordance with the following definitions. 20 When used in this case, the term "nano structure" means a feature space with up to one region or with a one-dimensional space smaller than a nanometer, such as: less than 200 minutes, less than _⑽, small ⑽ thin, or Even less than 20 belly. Typically, this region or feature space contains a variety of spherical, rounded, extended, or branched structures. The system includes (but is not limited to): nanocircuits, nanorods, 15: meters & blade nanocircuits , Nano-tetrapod, nano-tripod, nano- ^, nano-crystal, nano-dot, quantum dot, nano-particle, nano-wide V and / or an analog. The nanostructure can be substantially homogeneous material properties, or in some specific cases is heterogeneous (for example: the heterogeneous structure is optional,-a nanostructure can contain _ species or multiple surface ligands, such as: Interfacial activity n agent). The nanostructure of the present invention may optionally be a substantially single crystal structure (-a "early crystal nanostructure" or a "single crystal nanostructure"). Although any common material or material can be used for the nanostructures such as β which are basically used in the present invention, the present invention is preferably made of an inorganic compound, a conductive material, and / or a semiconductor material. . A conductive or semi-conducting nanostructure can be used to display a one-dimensional quantum well (for example, an electron can usually only pass through one-dimensional structural space. When used in this case to refer to nanostructures, the The term "crystalline," or "substantially crystalline," means that the actual nanostructure exhibits long-range regularity in a space 15 or more dimensions that resides in one dimension of the structure. A person skilled in the art will understand that due to a The regularity of a single crystal cannot exceed the boundaries of the crystal, so the term "long-range regularity depends on the absolute size of the particular nanostructure. In this example, the term" long-range regularity "means There is substantial regularity in at least most of the nanostructure space of the present invention. In some cases, a nanostructure may include an oxide or other coating, or may include a core body and at least one shell In this case, it can be understood that the oxide shells or other coatings do not need to exhibit such regularity (for example: they may be without a fixed shape, Crystalline or other shapes). In these examples, the terms "crystalline", "permanent crystal 16 200408694", "substantially monocrystalline", and "monocrystalline" mean the center of the nanostructure Nuclei (which does not include this coating). When the terms "crystalline" and "substantially crystalline" are used in this case, they are intended to include various different flaws, stacking faults, Atomic substitution and similar structures, and nanostructures that exhibit substantial long-range regularity (eg, at least one axis of the nanostructure nucleus that is at least about 80% in length is regular). It can be understood that: the interface between a nucleus and the exterior of a nanostructure, or the interface between a nucleus and an adjacent shell, or the hull and a second shell The 10 interfaces between adjacent shells can all contain amorphous regions and can even be non-fixed. This does not prevent the nanostructure from being crystalline or substantially crystalline as defined in this case. When used to reference In the case of nanostructures, the term " single crystallinity " means that the nanostructure is substantially crystalline and contains a substantially single crystal. When 15 is used to refer to a nanostructure heterogeneous structure, "Single crystallinity" includes a core body and one or more shells. "Single crystallinity" means that the core body has substantial crystallinity and contains a substantially single crystal. A "nanocrystal" is a kind of Substantially single crystal nanostructures. Nanocrystals typically have a height-to-width ratio of 20 between about 0.1 to about 1.5 (eg, between about 0.1 to about 0.5, between about 0.1 to about 1, or (Between about 1 to about 1.5). Therefore, the nanocrystals include, for example, substantially spherical nanocrystals having between about 0.8 to about 1.2 and dish-shaped nanocrystals. Nanocrystals typically have a diameter between about 1.5 nm and about 15 nm (for example: between about 2 nm and about 5 17 200408694 nm, between about 5 nm and large touch nm, and between about 5 nm and about 5 μm). nm). Nanocrystals can be of substantially heterogeneous material properties, or in some specific cases can be heterogeneous (e.g., have a heterostructure). The term "nanocrystals" is intended to imply that various types of defects and stackings are included. Or replaced by a real-day structure. In the case of various nanostructures containing a nucleus and one or more shells ::: said two homogeneous structures, the nucleus of the nanocrystalline is substantially grass-crystalline, but Such shells do not need to be substantially monocrystalline. The nano-junction 10 crystals of the present invention may be made of any of a variety of commonly used materials or materials. The nano-crystals of the present invention may include "purification, materials, and substantially purified materials. , Miscellaneous materials, and the like, and may include insulators, conductors, and semiconductors. A "nano circuit," is a nanostructure that has a longer spindle than the other two spindles. Therefore, the nano Circuits typically have a height to depth 1 ratio greater than 15 to 1. The nano circuit of the present invention has a height to width ratio greater than about M or greater than about 2. Short nano circuits are sometimes referred to as "nano sticks" "Will typically have a large A height-to-aspect ratio of 15 to about 10 (for example, greater than 1.5, or greater than 5). Longer nanoscale circuits will have a ratio greater than about 10, greater than about 20, greater than about 50, or greater than about 100, 20 Or even an aspect ratio greater than about. The diameter of a nanocircuit will typically be less than about 500 nm, preferably less than about 200 nm, more preferably less than about 150 nm, and most preferably less than about 10 nm. 〇nm, about 50nm, or about 25 nm, or even less than about nm or about 5 nm. The length of a nano circuit can optionally exceed about 100 nm, eg 18 200408694 such as: More than 500 nm, or even more than enough. The nano circuit used in the present invention may have substantially heterogeneous material properties, or may be heterogeneous in some specific examples (for example, nano circuits with different structures) Basically, the nanocircuits of the present invention can be made of any of the commonly used materials or materials, and the nanocircuits of the present invention can have, for example, Japanese penetrating properties, monocrystalline properties, polycrystalline properties, or Shape without reason. Minnano circuits can include "purified, material, substantially purified materials, ageing materials, and the like, and can include insulators, conductors, and semiconductors. The diameter of nano circuits can vary, or have a uniform diameter, meaning 10 in a region with the largest degree of variation, and in a linear space of at least 5 nm (for example: at least 10 nm, at least 20 nm, or at least 5011111) with a variation of less than 20% Degrees (for example: less than about 10%, less than about 5%, less than about 1%). Typically, the diameter estimate is a retreat from the end of the nanocircuit (for example, 20% centered on the nanocircuit). , 15 40%, 50%, 80% or greater). The nano-circuit of the present invention may be a straight bar in the entire length or a part of its long axis, or may be, for example, curled or bent. In some specific examples, a nanometer circuit or a part thereof may exhibit a two-dimensional or three-dimensional quantum confinement. Nano-circuits according to the present invention can clearly exclude nano-carbon tubes, and in some specific examples, 20 can exclude 'whisker' or 'nano-whisker' '. In particular, the whiskers may have a diameter greater than 100 nm. , Or greater than about 200 nm. Nanometers, nanocircuits, nanocomposites, and other nanostructures are described in detail in USSN 60 / 408,722 filed on September 5, 2002, all of which are disclosed The content is incorporated herein as a reference. 19 200408694 When used in this case, the term "structural rule nanostructure" means that it corresponds to each other or to a particular axis or spatial location to be substantially organized, regularized, Alignment, or corresponding to each other or to a specific axis or spatial position, is "substantially non-random." A "group of 5 bodies composed of regular nanostructures" is intended to include: an array of non-random nanostructures Groups (for example: groups consisting of aligned, oriented, or non-random nanostructures, with patterns or other spatial organization arrangements), and groups consisting of non-randomly oriented nanostructures (most of which The individual nanostructures are non-random in nature, but can be positioned in an array of regular patterns or irregularities (for example: scatter) to locate 10). The term "substantially non-random" (when used in this case to describe Nai Orientation and / or spatial arrangement of a rice structure) means that the nanostructure does not occupy an azimuth or spatial location corresponding to a purely random distribution. A set composed of nanostructures is "substantially non-random orientation", It is assumed that if a unit length vector of 15 in a three-dimensional rectangular system is used to represent each nanostructure location, then a component of at least one average vector of the nanostructure orientation is not zero (when represented by a vector When a nanostructure is used, the essential differences between the two ends of the nanostructure are typically ignored. For example, when the nanostructure is oriented in one direction (or in at least two specific directions) rather than in any other 20 directions Is a higher percentage (for example, if at least 10%, at least 50%, at least 75%, or at least 90%, or more of the nanostructure is oriented toward a Specific direction), the nanostructures distributed in a matrix (for example, nanostructures composed of several structural rules) will be substantially non-randomly oriented. Another example is when the majority of nanostructures are Most of the long axes are 20 200408694. When the surface of a film is perpendicular rather than parallel to the surface of a film (and vice versa), most nanorods or nanocircuits distributed in a matrix will be substantially non-randomly oriented. Nanostructures of the invention It may be oriented substantially non-randomly under non-oriented at least one specific direction. The foregoing examples are for illustration only; a set of 5 consisting of nanostructures may have a lower degree of regularity than these examples, but still be substantially non-randomly oriented. When used in this case, the term "substantially oriented nanostructures" or "substantially non-randomly oriented nanostructures" means groups or clusters of nanostructures, of which at least 10%, at least 25 %, At least 50%, at least 75%, 10 or at least 90%, or more nanostructure members are oriented toward or correspond to a specific axis, plane, surface, or three-dimensional space configuration. The orientation or configuration can be, for example, substantially parallel, substantially vertical, or at a specific angle (e.g., approximately 15 °, 30 °, 45 °, or 60 °). Substantially oriented nanostructures include, for example: groups of nanostructures that are grouped by oblique or angular clusters (for example: star pattern 15 or hexagonal groups), and aligned groups of substantial nanostructures . When used in this case, the term "substantially aligned" means a subgroup of oriented nanostructures, of which at least 10%, at least 25%, at least 50%, at least 75%, or at least 90% , Or more nano-structure members are oriented or arranged in a coaxial or parallel correlation, for example, they are aligned with each other at 20 and towards a specific axis, plane or surface. For example, several or substantially aligned nano-structure groups can be arranged in a similar manner to each other, so that the vectors representing the members of the long-axis nano-structures can differ from each other by no more than about 30 ° (for example, the various vectors Fall within approximately 30 ° of the other, or preferably fall within approximately 15 °, or more preferably fall within approximately 10 ° or within approximately 5 ° of the largest 21 200408694). The terms "substantially vertical" and "substantially parallel" mean individually different from an orientation of a vertical or parallel vector (or a group of vectors represented by the orientation) with a difference of less than 25%, preferably less than 10%, and more Preferably it is less than 5%. 5 The term "about" means that an acceptable difference is less than 25% of the reference value, preferably less than 10%, and more preferably less than 5%. When used in this case, the term “regular planning” means a substantially non-random arrangement, three-dimensional spatial pattern, or organized structure in a two- or three-dimensional space. An irregular planning arrangement or array lacks a substantially non-random arrangement, three-dimensional spatial pattern, or organization structure in a two-dimensional or three-dimensional space. For example, refer to FIG. 1B, where the nanostructures are aligned in pairs (eg, Z axis) but are irregularly arranged on the x-y plane. The term "matrix" means a material, usually a polymeric material, which contains, surrounds, or contains a second material. A matrix is typically composed of one or more monomers, but it may contain other matrix components / compositions. Typically the matrix composition comprises one or more "addressable" compositions or complementary pairs, such as those that facilitate assembly and / or cross-linking of the matrix. "Aligned ligands" are components that interact with one or more nanostructures 20, and they can be used to regularize, orient, and / or align the nanostructures with which they interact. In addition to having an affinity for a nanostructure, the alignment ligands of the present invention typically also contain one or more complementary binding pairs or specific or non-specific "molecular recognition functional groups" embedded therein. 22 5 Butterfly—An "array" of nanostructures is a combination of nanostructures. The combined limb may be empty or irregular. Alternatively, the array may be formed or contain a kind of radioactive energy-based elements (for example, a link or a set consisting of, =); Alternatively, the array may be non-functional. As used in this case, the term "several receiving structures,-generally means a region generated within the matrix ', the region is structured to match the 4 structure ( For example: the recesses and pores in which the nanostructures are arranged); the term is also used to refer to those nanostructures that can interact with the nanostructures

10 Chemical composition The functional composition of a functional group in a cavity that acts, binds or "receives." The term "complementary binding pair," means that a pair of A group of longevity molecules. The affinity may be a non-specific molecular interaction [for example: the chlorine bond between the supply and receiving molecules] 'or the affinity may be a more complex or specific molecular discriminator 15 energy group [eg: seen in — affected And its complementary ligands]. — One for one

The complementary pair of bio- / knife-contact functional groups is also referred to as a "biomolecule pair" or a "bioconjugate pair". Yang Wei's self-organizing molecule means a kind of stable structured molecular aggregate or combination that can be automatically combined with other molecules. A self-organizing molecule is used to prepare self-assembled monolayer (saMs) components. Lin., The term "nano structure binding component," and "head group" are used interchangeably in this case to mean multiple chemical components or groups, which can be combined with a nano structure (eg. In binding form) or have light-binding ability (for example: functionalization). The combination can be a straight surface of the nano-structure, or in some 23 cases, the light-binding is a surface of the nano-structure. Ligands (eg, the function of the surface ligand is a linking group that resides between the nanostructure and the component with a nanostructure-binding component). A "high aspect ratio" is-a nano Divide the _axis length of the structure by 5 ^ meters The average length of the second and third axes of the structure, where the ^ th axis of the second axis disk is the two lengths closest to each other. For example: for a complete rod In addition, the cross-section diameter of the long axis except the vertical axis is the height-to-width ratio. The drawings briefly illustrate Figures 1A-1D, which provide a representative of a variety of specific examples of structures with a regular 10 nm structure in a matrix. Fig. ^ Figure 2 mentions the isotropic nanostructures described in the present invention. Schematic diagram of the interaction between the _-aligned ligand and the _-aligned ligand of a mono- & functional group. Figure 3 illustrates a specific example of an aligning ligand for use in the present invention. 15 [Embodiment] A detailed description of the preferred embodiment The present invention is a composition that provides a regular nano structure, and a nano structure that can be used to prepare a nano structure and use the same nano structure in it. Device. Although the detailed description and specific examples are focused on one or another nano 20 meter structure, it can be understood that the method and composition provided by the present invention can be applied to any member of the nano structure member well known in the art. One, which includes (but is not limited to) ... nano crystals, nano dots, nano particles, nano rods, nano wide bands, nano tetrapods, nano-level branch structures (e.g., tree-like Macromolecular branch structure), and the like. 24 200408694 In one aspect, the structure of a regular nano structure in a matrix, the present invention provides a variety of structure of a regular nano structure in a matrix. In a specific example, the structure rule The metric structure is a substantially non-random-oriented nanostructure. Alternatively, the substantially non-random-oriented 5nm structures are substantially aligned with each other and / or substantially aligned with a particular axis. For example: For a substrate that interacts or is close to a composition, the specific axis can substantially orient or perpendicular to the surface of the substrate, parallel to the surface, or at a desired angle with the surface. In a specific example, the invention is A variety of non-randomly oriented nanostructures are provided within a matrix. The oriented nanostructures provided by the present invention can be, for example, an array of regularly planned nanostructures. Alternatively, the present invention provides The oriented nanostructures may be an irregularly planned arrangement. The nanostructures are typically oriented corresponding to each other (eg, substantially parallel to each other, end-to-end, etc.). The non-random 15 orientation of the nanostructure is maintained by the presence of a nanostructure-configured matrix. A representative diagram of an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is provided in FIG. 1. In these specific examples, a nano-rod-like structure is illustrated in Figures 1A and 1B, which extends along a z-axis (eg, the end), is oriented at an angle in Figure 1C, and is shown in Figure 1D. Is housed on an xy plane. However, the compounds of the present invention are not limited to the specific examples shown. The present invention illustrates a variety of substantially irregularly oriented nanostructures. In a particular embodiment, the orientation of the nanostructures that are not substantially aligned with each other is at a specific angle (for example: 45 °). Optionally, the present invention provides a variety of non-randomly oriented nanostructures that reside in a matrix. The directional nanostructure provided by the present invention may be, for example, an array of regularly planned nanostructures. Alternatively, the directional nanostructure provided by the present invention is an irregular planning arrangement. The nanostructures of the present invention are oriented corresponding to each other (eg, substantially parallel to each other, end to end, etc.); Optionally, their orientations can also be described as corresponding to a specific plane or surface (eg, parallel, vertical, at a specific angle, etc.). The non-random orientation of the nanostructure is maintained by the presence of a matrix in which the nanostructure is arranged. In another aspect, the present invention provides various compositions having an array of nanostructures residing within a matrix, wherein the array includes δ-type non-distinctively arranged nanostructure members. Optionally, the nanostructure members of the array can also be non-randomly oriented corresponding to each other. Therefore, Figure A of Figure i also illustrates a variety of non-randomly arranged nanostructure members, where the nanostructure members also correspond to each other in a non-random orientation. Figure i (^ Figure 丨) illustrates another specific 15 examples of a composition comprising a plurality of non-randomly arranged nano-structure arrays. In this specific example, the nano-structure members of the array are random corresponding to each other. Orientation. A further specific example of an array composed of non-randomly arranged nanostructures in the matrix is shown in Figure D of Figure 1, where the nanostructure members are also non-randomly oriented corresponding to each other. Here In a specific example, the nano-structures are not parallel to each other, but are illustrated as being parallel to a plane surface 20 surfaces (for example:-substrate). The composition of the present invention does not need to have a substantially two-dimensional nature. Furthermore, it has 3 Specific examples of the nano structure of the dimensional arrangement, such as: four-read and six-element configuration, or other arrangements of heterogeneous parallel nano-structure component groups, are also a feature of the present invention. The matrix is composed of one or more components that can interact to form a plurality of receiving structures. The matrix can regularize and / or orient the nanostructures. The receiving structure is typically a package Contains a cavity that resembles a hole in the matrix. The cavity can accommodate a specific nanostructure (for example, a nanorod). The size of the cavity is due to the specific matrix components used in the composition. Therefore, the size of the receiving structure can be selected and / or adjusted depending on the nanostructure used in the composition, but it will typically fall in the range of about 1-2 nm to about 500 nm in diameter. Within (eg, about 1 nm to about 20 nm, or about 10 nm to about 50 nm, or about 100 nm to about 250 nm, 10, or about 250 nm to about 500 nm). The receiving structure may be any Optionally contains a chemical group that has an affinity for the nanostructure, for example: a nanostructure binding group. The presence of a nanostructure binding group can be used to assist in combining the composition, especially It is used to produce nanostructures with a kind of leading or "end," for example, from a kind of asymmetric composition or product consisting of nanocrystalline components, m # structure and 5 tank 1 structure. And / or its nanostructure binding group When interacting, you can further advance-orient and / or align the nanostructures that reside in the composition. 20 ^ ^… The soil and tritium modules are in the composition and synthesis, depending on the Wei kappa group Green structure to provide (for example, the structure of the structure and the combination of materials and materials). Typically this system, including: a nuclear body or component entities (which can optionally === sex chemical groups), And—one or more linking components. The structure can partially include the use of nano-knots, and 27 200408694 is a conductive or non-conductive chemical composition. Usually one or more "accessories ( addressable) "chemical composition will be attached to the entity or embedded in the matrix component. The modifiable element (eg" side arm ") can be used for (for example): linking adjacent matrix monomers, such as: Five specific examples are provided here, in which one or more intra-matrix components are chemically cross-linked with each other (or the component has a chemical cross-linking ability). In some embodiments, the modifiable elements of the matrix components are designed to self-assemble to form the matrix. The matrix component of the present invention optionally includes a nanostructure binding group (e.g., a functional 10 "head group") that can be used to couple the matrix component to the nanostructure. In some specific examples of the composition of the present invention, one or more base components of the present invention are chemically cross-linked (or the component has a chemical cross-linking ability) to the nanostructure of the composition of the present invention. Exemplary specific examples that can be used in the composition and method of the present invention are disclosed in: Lawyer Filing Number: 40-002710US, and International Application Lawyer Filing Number: 15 40_002710pC, which were filed by Whiteford et al., The name of the invention is "organic matter that assists in the transfer of charge into / out of nanocrystals", and is hereby mentioned together with the present case. Optionally, the matrix of the invention may comprise one or more multidentate nanostructure binding components. For example, in certain 20 groups of the invention, the matrix component of the invention may include an additional "tail group" coupled to a portion of the solid structure. The tail group can be designed to provide additional monomer coupling capabilities or additional nanostructure ligand binding capabilities. In a further specific example, the composition of the present invention is composed of two or more substrate layers, and each member substrate layer has multiple non-random nanostructures. The orientation of the member nanostructures residing in a first member matrix layer and the member nanostructures residing in an adjacent matrix layer may or may not be aligned with each other. For example, the orientation of the member nanostructures in a first member matrix layer can be aligned in parallel with the orientation of the member nanostructures in an adjacent matrix layer. Alternatively, the member nanostructures resident in the two matrix layers may be perpendicular to each other, or may have different orientations at a specific angle (for example, 15 °, 30 °, 45 °, 60 °, etc.). Optionally, the nanostructures of the members of the matrix layers are not related to each other (for example, the matrix layers composed of nanostructures can be shifted by 10 (for example, a specific distance and / Or adjustable spacing) rather than stacked directly above). Alternatively, the member nanostructures resident in a first member matrix layer may be misaligned with the member nanostructures resident in an adjacent matrix layer. The components used to prepare the matrix can be the same composition or different matrix components. 15 Furthermore, the composition of the present invention may include two or more matrix layers, and each member matrix layer includes a plurality of non-randomly oriented nanostructures residing in the constituent matrix. Method for preparing nanostructure-matrix composition In another aspect, the present invention also provides a method for preparing a plurality of non-20 randomly oriented or non-randomly distributed nanostructures in a matrix. The methods include the steps of: a) providing a plurality of nanostructures and a matrix composition, wherein the matrix composition system comprises one or more matrix components, and the matrix components can interact to form a plurality of nanostructures capable of containing the nanostructures; Receiving structure; b) in the presence of multiple nanostructures, heating and then cooling the matrix composition, thereby preparing a plurality of non-randomly oriented or non-randomly distributed nanostructures that reside in the matrix. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the matrix is made of one or more groups of five parts that can interact to form a variety of receiving structures (eg, cavities, pore spaces), thereby generating a regularity for the nanostructure. And / or orientation. The configuration of the receiving structures is used to determine the arrangement, regularity, and / or orientation of the embedded nanostructures (e.g., r-alignment). In the method of the present invention, the nanostructure can be embedded in the matrix during (i.e., simultaneous) formation of the matrix or after formation. For example, in one specific example of such methods, providing the matrix component 10% involves providing one or more matrix components (ie, monomers) in a non-random or non-polymeric form. Following the presence of various nanostructures, the matrix composition is heated and then cooled, thereby embedding the matrix into the nanostructures. Although the temperature and reaction time used in the method of the present invention will vary depending on the specific matrix component, nanostructure and morphology, etc., a person skilled in the art can easily use the test without performing inappropriate tests. Decide. Various standard methods for preparing substrates can be found, for example, in Nalwa (2001) Advanced Functional Molecules and Polymers Volumes 1-4; Kroschwitz et al., (1990) Concise Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Engineering (Wiley-Inetrscience, New 20 York, NY); Chandrasekhar (1999) Conducting Polymers, Fundamentals and Applications: A Practical Approach (Academic Publishers, Boston, MA, 1999); and Brandrup (1999) Polymer Handbook, 4th Edition (John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, New York, NY), the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein as reference 30200408694. In an optional embodiment, the matrix (and a plurality of receiving structures contained therein) is combined before exposing a plurality of nanostructures. The pre-formed matrix composition is heated and cooled in the presence of a plurality of nanostructures, thereby embedding the matrix into the plurality of receiving structures. Typically, the matrix will provide spaces ranging from 1-2 nm to about 500 nm. However, these ranges can be further processed to meet the needs of the desired component, for example, depending on the size of the nanostructure. Moreover, the surface of the nanostructure adjacent to the space provided by the substrate can be functionalized to produce any kind of receiving structure with multiple chemical functional groups (for example, for binding the nanostructure). Any of a variety of matrix compositions known in the art can be used in the compositions and methods of the present invention. For example, many polymers compatible with nanostructures are known to those skilled in the art, see (for example): Demus et al. (Ed.) 1998 Handbook of Liquid Crystals 15 Volumes 1-4 (John Wiley and Sons, Inc ”Hoboken, NJ); Bradrup (cd.) 1999 Polymer Handbook, (John Wiley and Sons, Inc.); Haper 2002 Handbook of Plastics, Elastomers and Composites, 4th edition (McGraw-Hill, Columbus, OH ); And Kraft et al. (1998) Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 37: 402-428. 20 Examples of polymers available for use in the present invention include, but are not limited to, thermoplastic polymers (e.g. : Polyolefins, polyesters, polysiloxanes, polyacrylonitrile resins, polystyrene resins, polyacetylene resins, polyvinylidene chloride, polyvinyl acetate, and gasification plastics), thermosetting polymers (such as · Resin, urea resin, dioxyamine resin, epoxy resin, polyurethane resin); industrial rubber 31 200408694 rubber (for example: polyamide, polyacrylate resin, polyketone resin, polyfluorene Imine, polyfluorene, polycarbonate, polyacetal) And a liquid crystal polymer [which includes a main chain liquid crystal polymer (e.g., poly [n-((4 '-(4 "-cyanophenyl) phenoxy) alkyl) vinyl ether]). Some specific examples include conductive organic polymers; see, for example: 5 T.A. Skatherin (ed.) 1986 Handbook of Conducting Polymers I (Marcel Dekker, New Tork). Examples of conductive polymers that can be used in the present invention include, but are not limited to, poly (3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT), poly [2-methoxy-5- (2'-ethyl-hexyloxy) ) -p-phenylene-ethylene] (MEH-PPV), poly (p-phenylene ethylene) (PPV), and polyaniline. 10 The conductive composition provided in USSN 60 / 452,232 and the lawyer's trial number co-filed with this case: 40-002710US can also be used as the matrix component of the present invention. The conductive compositions include: a conjugated organic substance, and at least one binding group capable of interacting with a nanostructure surface; when in use, the compositions can be coupled to the nanometer 15m via the binding group. Structural surface, thereby allowing these compositions to be substantially conductively connected to electrons and / or holes that are transmitted through / through the nanostructure (eg, in the process of capturing or injecting electrons or holes) ). The composition of the present invention can be optionally derivatized with additional chemical groups, whereby, for example, the electronic conjugation of the nuclear organic substance can be adjusted, and additional chemical functional groups can be provided to the base groups. Receiving structures, or assisting in dispersing, mixing, and / or incorporating nanostructures that reside in multiple matrices. For example, when conductive compositions containing a conjugated organic compound are coupled to a nanostructured binding head group, a tail group containing an alkyne, and optional accessories that can be used to crosslink or couple the composition ( In the case of addressable) branched chain elements, the organic composition can be used as a matrix component of the present invention. Optionally, one or more matrix components are chemically cross-linked, or are capable of being chemically cross-linked to each other. These chemical cross-links can be generated by coupling one or more functional group groups to the matrix solid structure (eg, "side arms"). For example, in addition to the conventional cross-linking reagent acrylate, the matrix component may contain light labile groups. Once activated by exposure, these components can be used to cross-link adjacent matrix components. A variety of photolabile groups and their related cross-linking chemistry are well known in the art. For example, the cross-linking group is attached to a protecting group that can be cut or can be cut by exposure to a desired wavelength of light. Examples of known photo-labile groups include: 6-nitro_3,4-dimethoxy-L tolyloxy protecting group [eg: NPOC and MeNPOC], and the like [eg: PyMOC] . The use of these protecting groups and other (for example) surface activating systems are described in U.S. Patent Nos. 5,489,678 and 6,147,205. An example of a chemical group that can be used to link adjacent matrix components is a diethylfluorenyl group. However, any number of conjugate reagents (eg, zero-length cross-linking agents, homobifunctional cross-linking agents, heterobifunctional cross-linking agents, and the like) are well known in the art and can be Incorporated into the matrix component of the present invention [see, eg, Hermanson (1996) Bioconjugate Techniques, Academic Press, New York; and Brandrup (1999) 20 The Polymer Handbook, 4th Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, New York, NY]. In addition, one or more matrix components can optionally be chemically crosslinked or capable of being chemically crosslinked via one or more functionalized "head groups" (eg, nanostructure binding groups). One or several nanostructures. Available as 33 200408694 Examples of chemical groups of functionalized "head groups" of the present invention include (but are not limited to): phosphonic acid, carboxylic acid, amine, phosphine, phosphine oxide, aminobenzoic acid, isocyanate, Nitro, ethylenediamine and salen, dithione, catechol, N, 0 coordination ligand, P, N coordination ligand or thiol group. 5 Alternatively, urea or other nitrogen-containing aromatic compounds or heterocyclic rings (for example, various amidines, benzimids, benzimids, pyrimidines, pyrimidines, purines, or quinolines) can also be used in the present invention. The nanostructure of the composition and method binds the head group. Examples of compounds include (but are not limited to): 2-aminopyridine derivatives, 3-aminopyridine, 1,2-diaminopyridine, and other compounds commonly used as inorganic 10 nitrogen-containing ligands . In optional specific examples, the nanostructure binding head group may be in an ionizable form, so that under certain conditions (for example, low or high pH), the functional group may The nanostructure has a substantial affinity (for example, strong positive and negative charges), and under different environmental conditions, the affinity may be substantially reduced, or even a negative affinity. In some specific examples, the functional (or binding) head group is a monodentate structure (for example, a single group capable of binding nanocrystals). In an alternative specific example, the head group is a multidentate structure capable of interacting with the surface of the nanostructure, or a ligand that interacts with the surface of the nanostructure 20. The present invention also provides a plurality of non-randomly oriented or non-randomly dispersed nanostructures in a matrix prepared by a method of the present invention. Nanostructures with interactively aligned ligands. In another aspect, the present invention provides a composition having a variety of selectively oriented nanostructures. 34 200408694 Structures in which the nanostructure is coordinated with one or more counter-excited ligands. Interaction. Aligned ligands are chemical or biochemical bases with 1 or more 罝 attractiveness. Dian Wei, such as the first

A

One part of the structure-homogeneous ligand is located adjacent to the complementary part of the second aligned ligand of the nanostructure to interact. Even if the aligned ligands interact with each of the nanostructures, m2 can individually interact with complementary aligned ligands that reside in adjacent nanostructures; these interactions can be used to generate (and ^ _ ^ Number of nanostructures with selective orientation. 10 Heating and then cooling the composition allows the thermodynamic equation △ G = AH-TAS [Describes the enthalpy (ΔΗ) and entropy (Δ8) and Gibb, s free energy (△ G)

The entropy ㈣ in the relation] can be used to overcome the energy barrier (ΔΗ) of the random combination of the destructive complementary pairs. At this time, the random binding complementary pairs can overcome the energy barrier that inhibits the thermodynamic regular array binding. In addition, under heating and 15 cooling, the entropy value increases as the solvent molecules are expelled from the space between the substrates, which will also form a host (matrix) _object (nanocrystals or circuits) Or embedded molecules with nano circuits / crystals tend to the regular array. This nanocircuit / crystal-matrix embedded body complex will also increase the crystallinity of the entire system, thereby giving stability to the favorable regular array and driving 20 equilibrium towards the regular array. Typically, the first and second alignment ligands are molecules with a selective molecular recognition functional group or group. In one example, the molecular identification between the first and second alignment ligands can be a simple chemical interaction, for example: occurs between 35 200408694 of an amine group and a silk group Hydrogen bonding interaction. Therefore, any of a plurality of amine-containing compounds and silk-covering compounds can be used as the first and second alignment ligands of the present invention. The design of aligned ligands can take advantage of any of a number of basic molecular interactions other than hydrogen bonding. For example: Coulomb 5 interactions, Van der Waals forces, ionic interactions, covalent bond formation, and / or various hydrophilic or hydrophobic interactions can be used to form the first and second alignments Complex between ligands. These interactions can be of different number of teeth (single or multiple teeth) and of different strengths (weak, moderate, or strong), but typically the parent interaction is reversible 'at least from the initial formation of the complex period. The conductive composition provided in USSN 60 / 452,232 and the lawyer's reference number co-filed with this case: 40-002710US can be modified to serve as an alignment ligand for the present invention. For example, when conductive compositions containing a conjugated organic substance as a solid structure are coupled to a nano15 structure-bonding head group and an alkyne tail group having a second nano-structure binding group Groups, as well as complementary chains (eg, an amine group and a hydroxyl group) embedded on both sides of the chain (coupled to the solid structure) can be used in the methods, devices, and compositions of the present invention. An example of the composition is shown in FIG. The 20 bioconjugate / biomolecule pair provides another example that can be used as a complementary molecular recognition group of the present invention. Various biomolecule pairs and interactions are detailed in, for example, BioconJugate Techniques by Hermanson (1996, Academic Press, New York). Any of the complementary biomolecules known in a variety of techniques can be used as the first and second alignment 36 200408694 bases. For example, the interaction between an antibody and an antigen that binds to the antibody can be used to target adjacent nanostructures, such as biotin and avidin or streptavidin (streptavidin) or between a protein (for example, a receptor) and its complementary complement. Even complementary nucleic acids, and / or a half body and a half body ligand can be used as alignment ligands of the present invention. Alternatively, an alignment ligand may be a group used to functionalize the surface of the nanostructure (eg, via silanyl coupling, nitridation, or a PCT / US03 / 09827 authorized by Empedocles) The described official 10 can be based on plasma). In some embodiments of the present invention, the first and second alignment ligands each have more than one molecular recognition functional group (for example, a multifunctional or multidentate ligand). For example, a multidentate ligand can have multiple amine functions, or multiple sets of biotin can be attached to a core structure. Alternatively, the alignment ligand can have versatility by having two pairs of halves (complements) with the specific examples of specific conjugation; for example: a biotin group and an avidin Groups both. In these specific examples of the composition of the invention, the first and second alignment ligands are typically provided by the same molecule. An exemplary embodiment of such a concept is a self-organizing molecule. 20 Self-assembling is the spontaneous organization of specific molecules into organized two-dimensional (or three-dimensional) configurations that follow, for example, those intermolecular interactions described in this case. The tissue alignment ligand composition is optimally directed to a thermal minima. The complementary binding of the aligned ligands, and the existence of the nanostructure to fill the pore space of the matrix (and thereby expel the solvent molecules, and increase the system crystallinity to compensate for the entropy loss by 37 200408694) and the nano The structure is bound by the head linking group, which will lead to a decrease in the overall Gibbs free energy and a thermodynamic equilibrium. The aligned ligands directly interact with the nanostructure surface for 5 functions, or interact with or combine with other The nanostructured surface interacts. In certain embodiments of the present invention where the nanostructure surface is capable and / or available for binding, the aligned ligands may further comprise one or more kinds capable of binding to a nanostructure surface or to one and one Functionalized head groups that interact on the nanostructure surface. The specific head group functional group available for the composition depends in part on the type of the aligned nanostructure. Examples of chemical groups that can be used to couple alignment ligands to nanostructures include (but are not limited to): phosphonic acid, carboxylic acid, amine, phosphine, phosphine oxide, aminobenzoic acid, isocyanate, nitro, Ethylenediamine and salen, dithione, catechol, N, 0 coordination ligand, P, N coordination 15 or thiol group, or one such group A combination of groups. A P, N coordination ligand system includes: a heteroatom phosphorus and a heteroatom nitrogen which can be bonded or combined via an unbonded electron pair that can form a hydrogen coordination or covalent bonding. Examples of a P, N coordination ligand include: 2-tribenzyl-phosphine-anhydropyridine, 2-triethyl-phosphine-aniline, diphenylphosphineethylamine. 20 A N, 0 coordination ligand system includes: a heteroatom nitrogen and a heteroatom oxygen that can be bonded or combined via an unbonded electron pair that can form a hydrogen coordination or covalent bonding . Examples of N, 0 coordination ligands include: ethanolamine and aniline phosphinic acid, and 2-mercaptoaniline-3,5-diaminobenzoic acid, guanine, cytosine, and GAC Double ring test basis. 38 200408694 Available methods for preparing selectively oriented nanostructures The present invention also provides various methods for preparing a variety of selectively oriented nanostructures, wherein the nanostructure group comprises: it can be performed with the first alignment ligand The first group of nanostructures interacting with each other, and the second group of nanostructures interacting with the second group of aligned ligands. Any number of aligned ligands can be used to prepare selectively oriented nanostructures, such as those illustrated in the third figure. In some specific examples, the first and second alignment ligands are different chemicals (Figure 3, Figure A), although in other specific examples, a single multifunctional molecule can play a One aligned ligand and the second aligned ligand (Figure 3, Figure B). For example, the first alignment ligand may include a biotin group, although the complementary second alignment ligand also has a biotin group embedded in the structure. The biotin and avidin can be embedded in two separate ligand molecules; alternatively, the two can be two 15 parts of a multifunctional ligand molecule (for example, one with two molecular recognition functional groups A single aligned ligand to be incorporated). Therefore, in some method specific examples, the first group of nanostructures may further include a second alignment ligand, and the second alignment ligand may also include the first alignment ligand (the Figure 3, Figure C). However, the dual alignment functional group of a nanostructure 20 can also be achieved, for example, by arranging one or several first alignment ligands along a part of a specific nanostructure, and then The second part configures the second alignment ligand (Figure D). As mentioned above, in a preferred embodiment, the alignment ligand is coupled to the nanostructure, which can be directly coupled to the surface of the nanostructure, or 39 200408694 to an additional (eg, resides therein) may be A ligand that interacts with the nanostructure. The first alignment ligand that resides in the first group of nanostructures can interact with the second alignment ligand that resides in the second group of adjacent nanostructures at this time, thereby enabling selective orientation. These various nanostructures. 5 In some specific examples, a variety of nano-circuits can be manufactured by any of a variety of techniques known in the art (eg, vapor deposition method or solution deposition method) for use in various nano-structures. However, specific examples of nanostructures (nanocrystals, nanopoints, nanorods, etc.) can be substituted for nanocircuits in these methods. After that, the nanostructure is processed, for example, by vapor-depositing the first alignment ligand on the surface of a first part composed of a plurality of nanostructures; A second alignment ligand on the surface of the second part of the meter structure. Optionally, the methods may further include the step of removing the nano-circuit-aligned ligand, the nano-circuit-aligned ligand interacts with the first 15-aligned ligand It has been conjugated to the substrate before acting. In some specific examples, the first part and the second part of the nano circuit are individual nano circuit groups. In specific examples where the isoalignment ligands are not a functional group (ie, those with only one of the complementary molecular recognition elements), the method of the present invention can generate two groups of ligands that interact with the nanostructure. In a specific example [where the first part and the second part contain individual areas composed of individual nano-circuits (eg, both ends of the nano-structures)], a single (asymmetric) Nanostructure group. Optionally, the first and second alignment ligand systems include: molecules capable of performing a specific molecular interaction (eg, forming a hydrogen bond), 40 200408694 a specific molecular recognition functional group (eg, a Biomolecule pairs) or other self-organizing molecules. Examples of the first and second alignment ligands that can be designed to interact via a hydrogen bond include, but are not limited to, a compound containing an amine and a compound containing an alcohol. 5 Preferably, the method of the present invention comprises the step of coupling the alignment ligand to the surface interacting with the nanostructure. In the specific examples of these methods, an alignment ligand having a functional head group or other nanostructure binding group is used to bind the alignment molecule to the surface of the nanostructure. Examples of chemical functional groups that can interact with the nanostructure surface (or ligands with which they interact) 10 Examples include (but are not limited to): phosphonic acid, carboxylic acid, amine, phosphine, oxidation Phosphine, aminobenzoic acid, isocyanate, nitro, ethylenediamine and salen, dithione, catechol, N, 0 coordination ligand, P, N coordination ligand, or A thiol group (or a group consisting of them). Optionally, the first and second alignment ligands can be further added. + 勹 15 contains a cross-linking or polymerizable element, thereby interacting with the first and second counter ligands. To guide the cross-linking or polymerization of the first-type and the first-aligned ligands. -20 In some specific examples of the method, the interaction with the first and second alignment groups is by heating and then cooling a variety of nanostructures. Ordinarily, the interaction with the first and second alignment ligands is achieved by mixing these ligands with a solvent, where the two meanings have different solubility (for example: Solubility). Examples of solvents include eight "not limited to": chloroform, toluene, and chlorobenzene. In a further specific example, the method of the present invention is further 41 200408694. The hydrazone includes fixing a plurality of selectively oriented nanostructures to— Steps of the substrate. Both βHyd- and second alignment ligands can be removed optionally. Oriented nanostructure groups On the other hand, the present invention also provides multiple options for living on a substrate 5 Groups of sexually oriented nanostructures. Unlike the foregoing specific examples of the present invention, these groups do not involve a surrounding matrix. The orientation of the selectively oriented nanostructures can be vertical-a surface that interacts with the nanostructure (or other The xy plane is defined), or the orientation may be in a non-ordinary orientation with the surface or plane. The generation of distant selective orientation nanostructures can provide, for example, a cluster of functional elements composed of 纟 φ ίο [eg : Links located in a defined area on a substrate], for example, for use as an interface with additional nano- or micro-scale motors. Any number of nano-structure components The nano structure (or combination of nano structures) can be used in the composition and method of the present invention, and the system includes (but is not limited to): nano crystals, nano dots, nano spheres, nano Circuits, nanometer broadband, nanotetrapods, various branch structures (such as dendrimer branch structures), quantum dots, quantum dots, and the like. Many kinds can be used to make various semiconductors. Materials, ferroelectric materials, 20 materials, a metal, and a method of making nanostructures are known in the art. For example, semiconductor nanocrystals have been described in detail (see (for example): Huynh, et al · (2002) "Hybrid Nanorod-Polymer Solar Cells" Science '295: 2426-2427, Huynh, et al. Adv. Materials 11 (11): 923 (1990), Greenham et al., Phys. Rev. B 54 (24 ): 17628-17637 42 (19%), and US patent case number: 6,239,355). In some embodiments of the present invention, the 'nano structure is made of semiconductor materials. The semiconductor nano structure contains a summary of different materials. Wide range, which are nano-sized particles or structures' Such as: having at least one cross section of less than about 5000m, 5 and preferably less than 100 nm. These nanostructures can be composed of a wide range of semiconductor materials, which include (for example): 111- ¥ family, π · νι, group IV semiconductors or alloys composed of these materials. For example: cadmium gallium, cadmium telluride, indium phosphide, indium arsenide, cadmium sulfide, sulfuration, oxidation, inscription Zinc strontium, lead strontium, zinc sulfide, and / or lead telluride semiconductors (or alloys thereof) 10 may be used as at least a portion of the nanostructural component of the present invention. Examples of additional nanocircuits include: semiconductor circuits [as disclosed in Lieber et al., Published international patent application number: wo02 / 17362 (invention name: "doped extended semiconductors, growing such semiconductors, including Such a semiconductor device and a method for manufacturing such a device "), WO 02/48701 (invention name:" Nano Sensor ") licensed to Lieber et al., And WO 01/03208 (Lieber et al.) Title of Invention: "Manufacturing methods for devices, arrays, and the like based on nanoscale circuits, as described in []], nanometer carbon tubes, and other extended conductors or semiconductors with similar dimensions. Roughly, they contain a 20-meter nanostructure selected from the following semiconductor materials, such as: Shi Xi, Cu, Tin, Luxi, Hoof, Side, Diamond, Phosphor, Carbon, Boron-Phosphorus (BP6), Boron-silicon, silicon-carbon, silicon-germanium, silicon-tin and silicon-germanium, silicon carbide, boron nitride / boron phosphide / boron arsenide, aluminum nitride / aluminum phosphide / arsenide / aluminum oxide , Indium Nitride / Indium Phosphide / Indium Arsenide / Indium Antimonide, Oxidation / Zinc Sulfide / Coded Word / Zinc Telluride, Sulfide / Polymerization / Hoofing ore, Mercury sulfide / Chemical fruit / Telluride mining, 43 200408694 petrochemical sulphur / code hydration / hoof chemistry / magnesium sulfide / magnesium selenide, germanium sulfide, selenide fault, hoof Chemical fault, tin sulfide, petrified tin, tin telluride, oxidized fault, sulfided fault, petrified hafnium, lead telluride, copper fluoride, copper chloride, copper bromide, copper iodide, silver fluoride, chloride Silver, silvery desert, silver oxide, (nitrogen) 2 calcium tin, (nitrogen) 2 calcium carbon, 5 (phosphorus) 2 germanium, (arsenic) 2 cadmium tin, (antimony) 2 cadmium tin (Phosphorus) 3CuGe, Cu (P) 3Cu (Cu, Ag) (Shao, Syria, In, | It) (sulfur, sulphur, tellurium) 2, Nitride, Nitride, Alumina '(Aluminum, gallium, indium) 2 (sulfur, selenium, tellurium h, oxide (aluminum) 2 carbon, and / or a combination of two or more such semiconductors. In some aspects, the semiconductor may also include One is selected from the group consisting of: a P-type dopant selected from Group 111 of the Periodic Table of the Elements, a n-type dopant selected from Group V of the Periodic Table, a From a P-type dopant of the group consisting of boron, aluminum and indium, one selected from An η-type dopant consisting of phosphorus, arsenic, and antimony, and a ρ_-type doped species selected from group π of the periodic table from a group consisting of towns, rhenium, brocade, and mercury Ρ_type 15 impurity, a P-type impurity selected from Group IV of the Periodic Table of the Elements, a p-type impurity selected from a group consisting of carbon and silicon, or a type selected from a A type ^ dopant consisting of silicon, germanium, tin, sulfur, selenium, and tellurium. An additional method for manufacturing a nanostructure (for example, by forming 20 nanometer device crystal patterns on a substrate, Oriented growth in a magnetic field, the use of a fluid combination array, and the radial arrangement of nanostructures on a substrate have been disclosed, for example, in: International patent application number granted to Empedocles: PCT / US03 / 09827 and to Duan PCT / US03 / 09991. Commonly used methods to make silicon nanostructures include gas phase liquid phase solid phase growth 44 200408694

Length (VLS), laser bar ore (laser-catalyzed growth), and thermal evaporation bonds. See, for example, Morales et al. (1998) "A laser Ablation Methods for the synthesis of Crystalline Semoconductor Nanowires" Science 279-208-211 (1998). In one embodiment method, a hybrid nano-circuit pulsed laser vapor deposition (ALA) vapor deposition (PLA-CVD) process that can be used to synthesize semiconductor nanocircuits with axially-oriented heterostructures is used. See (for example): Wu et al · (2002) "Block-bt-Block Growth of Single-Crystalline Si / SiGe Superlattice Nanowires," Nano Letters 2: 83-86 o 10 In general, there are several methods for manufacturing nanostructures, and Nanoknot

The construction methods have been described in the art and can be applied to the methods, systems, and devices of the present invention. In addition to Morales et al. And Wu et al. (Above), see, for example: Lieber et al. (2001) "Carbide Nanomaterials" US Patent No .: USP 6,190,634 B1; Lieber et al. ( 2000) 15 "Nanometer Scale Microscopy Probes" US Patent No .: USP 6,159,742; Lieber et al. (2000) "Method of Producing Metal Oxide Nanorods" US Patent No .: USP 6,036,774; Lieber et al. (1999) " Metal Oxide Nanorods, US Patent No .: USP 5,897,945; Lieber et al. (1999) "Preparation of Carbide 20 Nanorods" US Patent No .: USP 5,997,832; Lieber et al. (1998) "Covalent Carbon Nitride Material Comprising C2N and Formation Method "; Thess, et al. (1996)" Crystalline Ropes of Metallic Carbon Nanotubes "Science 273, 483-486; Lieber et al. (1993)" Method of making 45 200408694

Superconducting Fullerene Composition By Reacting a Fullerene with an Alloy Containing Alkai Metal "US Patent No .: USP 5,196,396; and Lieber et al. (1993)" Machining Oxide Thin Films with an Atomic Force Microsxope: Pattern 5 and Object Formation on the Nanometer Scale '' US Patent No. USP 5,252,835. Recently, one-dimensional semiconductor heterostructure nanocrystals have been described, which can be arranged / positioned / oriented according to the present invention. See (for example): Bjork et al. (2002) "One-dimensional Steeplechase for Electrons Realized, Nano 10 Letters 2: 86-90. In another method, it is used to make surface and large numbers of individual nano circuits. Synthesis steps have been described, for example: Kong, et aL (1998) ^ Synthesis of Individual Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes on

Patterned Silicon Wafers, "Nature 395. 878-881, and Kong, 15 et al · (1998)" Chemical Vapor Deposition of Methane for Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube "Chem. Phys · Let · 292: 567-574. Yu Shangyou In another method, a substrate and a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) -forming material can be used. For example, micro-contact printing technology can be used to prepare nanometer 20-meter structures, such as those described in Schon, Meng and Bao (2001) " Self- assembled monolayer organic field-effect transistors ,,,

Nature 413: 713; Zhou et al. (1997) "Nanoscale

Metal / Self-Assembled Monolayer / Metal Heterostructures, "(published June 26, 1996). A preferred embodiment of a composition that can be used to make a self-assembled monolayer of 46 layers includes: The composition of a thiol component of a substrate (eg, gold) and one or more fatty chains that can interact and then combine to form a structured monolayer. The synthesis of nanocrystals composed of various compositions has been described in 5 (Example): peng et al · (2000) "Shape control of CdSe nanocrystals, Nature 404: 59-61, Puntes et al · (2001)

Colloidal nanocrystal shape and size control: The case of cobalt ”Science 291: 2115-2117, USPN 6,306,736 [licensed to Alivisatos et al. On October 23, 2001, invention name:“ Process for 10 forming shaped group III-V semiconductor nanocrystals, and product formed using process,], USPN 6,225,198 [authorized to Alivisatos et al · on May 21, 2001, invention name: "Process for forming shaped group II-VI semiconductor nanocrystals, and product formed using process "], USPN 5,505,928 [authorized to Alivisatos et al · on April 15, 1996, the invention name:" Process for forming shaped group III-V semiconductor nanocrystals, and product formed using process "], USPN 5,751,018 [ Authorized to Alivisatos et al · on May 12, 1998, the invention name: "Semiconductor nanocrystals covalently bound to so lid inorganic surface 20 using self-assembled monolayers"], USPN 6,048,616 [authorized to Gallagher et on April 11, 2000 al ·, Invention Name: " Encapsulated quantum sized doped semiconductor particles and method of manufacturing same "], USPN 5,990,479 [authorized to Weisset al · on November 23, 1999, invention name:" 〇rgano 47 200408694 luminescent semiconductor nanocrystals probes for biological applications and process for making and using such probes ''] o Growing nano-structures (for example: 5-way nano-circuits with various height-to-width ratios) include nano-circuits with controlled diameters, which have been described in (for example):

Gudiksen et al (2000) " Diameter-selective synthesis of semiconductor nanowire "J. Am. Chem · Soc. 122: 8801-8802; Cui et al. (2001) " Diameter-controlled synthesis of single-crystal silicon nanowires " Appl. Phys. Lett. 78: 2214-2216; 10 Gudiksen et al (2001) "Synthesis control of the diameter and length of single crystal semiconductor nanowire s" J. Phys. Chem. B 105: 4062- 4064; Morales et al · (1998) "A laser ablation methods for the synthesis of crystalline semiconductor nanowires ?? Science 279: 208-211; Duan et al. 15 (2000)" General synthesis of compound semiconductor nanowires "Adv. Mater. 12: 298-302 ; Cui et al · (2000) "Doping and electrical tranport in silicon nanowires" J. Phys. Chem.B 104: 5213-5216; Peng et al · (2000) (same as above); Puntes et al · ( 2001) [same as above]; USPN 6,225,198 [authorized to Alivisatos et al · on May 21, 2001, same as above]; USPN 6,036,774 [authorized to Lieber et al on March 14, 2000 ·, Invention name "· Method of producing metal oxide nanorods"]; USPN 5,997,832 [authorized to Lieber et al · on December 7, 1999, invention name: "Preparation of carbide nanorods"]; Urbau et al · (2002) 48 200408694 "Synthesis of single-crystalline perovskite nanowire composed of barium titanate and strontium tit anate " J. Am. Chem. Soc ·, 124: 1186; Yun et al · (2002)" Ferroelectric Properties of Individual Barium Titanate Nanowires 5 Investigated by Scanned Probe Microscopy '' Nano Letters 2: 447; and published PCT application numbers: WO 02/17362 and WO 02/080280.

Growing branched nanostructures (eg nanotetrapods, tripods, dipods, and branched tetrapod systems are described in (eg): Jun et al. (2001) 10 "Controlled synthesis of multi-armed CdS nanorod architectures using monosurfactant system ”J. Am. Chem · Soc. 123: 5150-5151; Manna et al. (2000)“ Synthesis of Soluble and Processable Rod-, Arrow-, Teardrop- and Tetrapod-Shaped CdSe Nanocrystals ”J Am Chem · Soc. 122: 15 12700-12706. Synthetic nano particles are described in, for example, USPN

5,690,807 [authorized to Clark Jr. et al · on November 25, 1997, invention name: "Method for producing semiconductor particles"]; USPN 6,136,156 [authorized to El-Shall on October 24, 2000, et al ·, invention name: "Nanoparticles of silicon oxide alloys"]; USPN 6,413,489 20 [authorized to Ying et al ·, July 2, 2002, invention name: "Synthesis of nanometer-sized particles by reverse micelle mediated techniques" ]; And Liu et al. (2001) "Sol-Gel Synthesis of Free-Standing Ferroelectric Lead Zirconate Titanate Nanoparticles" J. Am. Chem. Soc. 123: 43441. Synthetic Nanoparticles 49 200408694 are also described in the references above for growing nanocrystals, nanocircuits, and branched nanocircuits. Synthesis of nanostructures with core-shells has been described in (for example): Peng et al. (1997) " Expitaxial growth of highly luminescent 5 CdSe / CdS core-shell nanocrystals with photostability and electronic accessibility "J · Am Chem. Soc. 119: 7019-7029, Dabbousi et al. (1997) " (CdSe) ZnS core-shell quantum dots: Synthesis and characterization of a size series of highly luminescent nanocrystallites '' J. Phys. Chem.B 101 : 10 9463-9475, Manna et al. (2002) "Expitaxial growth and photochemical annealing of graded CdSe / CdS shell on colloidal CdSe nanorods" J. Am Chem. Soc. 124: 7136-7145, and Cao et al. (2000 ) "Growth and properties of semiconductor core / shell mamocrystals with InAs cores '' J. 15 Am Chem. Soc. 122: 9692-9702. A similar method can be applied to grow other nanostructures with core-shell. See (for example): USPN 6,207,229 and USPN 6,322,901 [authorized to Bawendi et al · on November 27, 2002, invention name: "Highly luminescent color-selective materials"] 〇20 Growing homogeneous nano-circuit group (which contains nano The hybrid structure of the nanometer circuit (different materials in the nanocircuit hybrid structure is distributed at different positions along the long axis of the nanometer circuit) has been described in published PCT application number WO 02/17362 and WO 02/080280; Gudiksen et al · (2002) "Growth of nanowire superlattice for nanosacle 50 200408694 photonics and electronics" Nature 415: 617-620; Bjork et al · (2002) "One-dimensional steeplechase for electrons realized" Nano Letters 2: 86-90; Wu et al. (2002) "Block-by-block growth of single-crystalline Si / SiGe

5 superlattice nanowires ’’ Nano Letters 2: 83-86; and U.S. patent application number: 60 / 370,095 [issued to Empedocles et al., “April 2, 2002” Invention Name: “Nanowire heterostructures for encoding information”]. Similar methods can also be applied to grow other heterostructures and can be applied to a variety of methods and systems of the present invention. 10 Devices The aligned and / or oriented nanostructures of the present invention can be used or combined into any of a variety of functional elements or devices. Various methods of manufacturing such one-dimensional structures that can be used for micro-level devices (device elements), and various methods and junctions and circuits that can be used to make such devices have been described. For example, nano-structures such as nano-circuits and nano-tubes are capable of transmitting electrons and holes', thereby generating building blocks that can be used for nano-level electronic devices. Research on the charge-carrying characteristics of such components has led to the creation of field-effect transistors, single-electron transistors, regulating connections, and even complete circuits. 20 For example, a variety of human-like injuries such as memory, circuit logic, switches, and the like can use the nano-structure or other micro-level structures described above, and can be adopted by the present invention, for example: Nano-structures, nano-structure components and arrays composed of regular nano-structures constitute similar devices. See (for example): Huang et al · (2001) "Logic Gates and 51 200408694

Computation from Assembled Nanowire Building Blocks, '' Science 294: 1313; Huang et al. (2001) "Directed Assembled of One-Dimensional Nanostructure Into Functional Networks," Science 291: 630; Chung et al. (2000) "Si 5 Nanowire Devices, "Appl. Phys. Lett. 76: 2068; Bachtold et al. (2001)" Logic Circuits with Carbon Nanotube Transistors, "Science 294: 1317; Schon et al. (2001)" Field-Effect Modulation of the Conductance of Single Molecules, '' Science 294: 2138; Derycke et al. (August 2001) "Carbon 10 Nanotube Inter and Intramolecular Logic Gates," published online at Nano Lerrters; USP 6, 128,214 [authorized to Kuukes et al. (2001 ), Invention name: "Molecular Wire Crossbar Memory"]; Collier et al. (1999) " Electronically Configurable Molecular-Based Logic Gates "Science 285: 391-394; Chen et al · (1999) 15" Observation of a Large On-Off Ratio and Negative Differential Resistance in an Electronic Molecular Switch, "Science 286: 1 550; USP 5,274,602 [licensed to Gallagher et al. (1997), invention name: "Large Capacity Solid State Memory"]; Service (2001) "Assembling Nanocircuits From the Bottom 20 Up," Science 293: 782; and Tseng and Ellenbogen (2001) "Toward Nanocomputers," Science 294: 1293. Nanostructures or arrays of nanostructures fabricated in accordance with the present invention may optionally be similarly configured as a memory, a circuit logic, a computing element, or the like. The use of the method, device and composition of the present invention 52 200408694 Without departing from the spirit of the present invention and the scope of the patent application, the methods and materials described above can be modified, and then the present invention can be used for many different purposes The method comprises: using the method of the present invention to prepare a nano-structure · matrix composition, 5 wherein the nano-structure has a regular structure. In these devices, a nanostructure-based device is used to form a composition composed of a regular nanostructure. A set or system using any kind of regular nanostructure, nanostructure: homogeneous ligand composition, or the method described above. The kit may optionally include additionally: preparing such regular nanostructures, nanostructures: matrix composition, or the nanostructures of the present invention: instructions for aligned ligand compositions; embedding the compositions of the present invention Instructions for nanostructure devices; or other instructions for carrying out the present invention, methods, composite materials, one or more containers containing nanostructures, matrix components, or alignment ligands and / or the like. In an additional aspect, the present invention provides a set of presenting methods and devices of the present invention. The kit of the present invention may optionally include one or more of the following: (1) one or more aligned ligands or components for synthesizing the aligned ligands; (2) one or more nanostructures Preparation method; (3) can be used to prepare 20 nano-structure components and / or instructions for regular structure in the matrix; ⑷ can be used to prepare nano-structures: components and / or instructions for aligned ligand composition (5) can be used to prepare components and / or instructions consisting of regular nanostructure groups; (6) instructions can be used to perform the methods described in the present invention; and / or (7) combined materials. 53 200408694 In another aspect, the present invention provides the use of any of the components or sets of the present invention for use in performing any of the methods or analyses of the present invention, and / or the use of any of the devices or sets to Perform any—an analysis or method of the invention. 5 Although some details have been described in the present invention for clarification and understanding, a person skilled in the art can know by reading this disclosure: various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the true scope of the present invention. Different types and details change. For example, all the techniques and devices described above can be used in various combinations. All published documents, specialists, and special shooting applications and / or other documents cited in this application are hereby incorporated into this case with reference to all their disclosures. The subject matter is the same as each individual published document, patent case and patent declaration case and / or other documents are individually pointed out that all the subject matter is incorporated into this case as reference material. 15 [Brief description of the drawings] Figures 1A-1D provide a representative diagram of various specific examples of nanostructures with multiple structural rules in a matrix. Figure 2 provides a schematic illustration of the interactions between the first aligned ligand and the first aligned ligand of the monolithic nanostructure or polymonofunctional group described in the present invention. Fig. 3 illustrates a specific example of an aligned ligand for use in the present invention. [List of Symbols for the Main Components of the Formula] (None) 54

Claims (1)

200408694 Scope of patent application: 1. A composition comprising a plurality of regularly-structured nanostructures residing in a matrix. 2. The composition according to item 1 of the patent application scope, wherein the regular structure of the nano structure 5 includes a substantially non-randomly oriented nano structure. 3. The composition according to item 2 of the patent application, wherein the non-randomly oriented nanostructures include nanostructures substantially aligned with each other. 4. The composition of item 2 of the patent application, wherein the non-randomly oriented nanostructure includes a nanostructure substantially aligned with a specific axis. 10 5. The composition according to item 4 of the scope of patent application, wherein the composition is placed close to a substrate, and the specific axis is substantially perpendicular to a surface of the substrate. 6. The composition according to item 1 of the scope of patent application, wherein the plurality of structural rules The nanostructure includes an array composed of substantially regular planning nanostructures. 15 7. The composition according to item 1 of the patent application scope, wherein the plurality of structural regular nanostructures include an array of irregularly planned nanostructures. 8. The composition according to item 1 of the patent application scope, wherein the nanostructure includes: a sphere, an oval, an elongated or branched structure. 20 9. The composition according to item 8 of the patent application scope, wherein the nanostructure includes: nanocrystals, nanopoints, nanospheres, nanorods, nanocircuits, tetrapods, tree height A molecular branch structure or a combination of its branches. 10. The composition according to item 8 of the patent application scope, wherein the nanostructure includes 55 200408694 inorganic nanostructure. 11. The composition of claim 1, wherein the matrix comprises one or more components that can interact to form a plurality of receiving structures, thereby generating regularity and / or orientation of the nanostructure. 5 12. The composition of claim 11 in which the matrix component is self-assembled to form the matrix. 13. If the composition of the scope of application for item 11 is applied, one or more of the matrix components are chemically cross-linked to each other or have the ability to chemically cross-link each other. 14. If the composition of the scope of application for item 11 is applied, one or more of the base 10 components can be chemically crosslinked with one or more nanostructures or have chemical crosslinks with one or more nanostructures. Ability. 15. The composition of claim 14 in which one of the matrix components comprises a multiple nanostructure binding component. 16. The composition according to item 1 of the patent application scope, wherein the component includes two kinds of 15 or more matrix layers, and each member layer includes multiple regular nanostructures. 17. The composition of claim 16 in which the member nanostructures residing in the first matrix layer are substantially aligned with the member nanostructures residing in the adjacent matrix layer. 20 18. The composition of claim 16 in which the member nanostructures residing in the first matrix layer are non-substantially aligned with the member nanostructures residing in the adjacent matrix layer. 19. A composition comprising a plurality of nanostructures with regular structure, wherein the member nanostructures include one or more alignment ligands which can interact with the nanostructures 56 200408694, and one of them A first aligned ligand of a member nanostructure can interact with a second aligned ligand that resides in an adjacent member nanostructure, thereby making the multiple nanostructures structurally regular. 5 20. The composition according to item 19 of the scope of patent application, wherein the nanostructures with structural regularity include substantially non-randomly oriented nanostructures. 2L The composition according to item 20 of the scope of patent application, wherein these nanostructures with structural regularity include substantially aligned ligands. 22. The composition of claim 19 in which the first and second alignment ligands comprise the same molecule. 23. The composition of claim 19 in which the first and second alignment ligands comprise different molecules. 24. The composition of claim 19, wherein the first and second alignment ligands include self-organizing molecules. 15 25. The composition of claim 19, wherein the first and second alignment ligands include complementary binding pairs. 26. The composition of claim 25, wherein the complementary binding pairs include two or more molecules having a specific molecular recognition functional group. 27. The composition of claim 26, wherein the first and second alignment ligands include an amine-containing group, an alcohol-containing group, or both. 28. The composition of claim 26, wherein the first and second alignment ligands include one or more biomolecule pairs. 29. If the composition of the scope of patent application No. 28, the biomolecule pair 57 200408694 group contains: an antibody and an antigen that can bind the antibody, biotin and albumin, an exogenous lectin and a carbohydrate A ligand, a complementary nucleic acid, a protein and a ligand, a receptor and a ligand, a half body and a half body ligand, or a combination thereof. 30. The composition of claim 19, wherein each of the first and / or second alignment ligands contains two or more specific molecular recognition functional groups. 31. The composition of item 19 in the scope of patent application, wherein the nanostructures 10 include: spheres, ovoids, elongated or branched structures. 32. The composition according to item 31 of the scope of patent application, which includes: nanocrystals, nanospheres, nanorods, nanocircuits, nanotetrapods, dendrimer branches, or one of them. Composition of the composition. 33. If the composition of the scope of application for item 19, wherein the interaction between the first and 15 second alignment ligands includes: an ionic interaction, a covalent interaction, a hydrogen bonding interaction Effect, an electrostatic interaction, a Coulomb force interaction, a Van der Waals force interaction, or even a combination of them. 34. If the composition of the scope of application for item 19 is applied, wherein the first and second alignment ligands contain one or more functional head groups, these functional head groups can be bound to A nanostructured surface, or bonded to a ligand capable of interacting with the nanostructured surface. 35. The composition of claim 34, wherein the functional group head group contains one or more phosphonic acid, carboxylic acid, amine, phosphine, phosphine oxide, amine 58 200408694 benzoic acid, urea, 12 ratio Bite, isocyanate s purpose, amidine, zirconyl. Dense stilbene, imidazole, ethylenediamine and salen, dithione, catechol, N, 0 coordination ligand, P, N coordination ligand, or thiol group . 36. The composition according to item 34 of the patent application, wherein the N-, 0-coordinating 5-position group comprises ethanolamine or aniline phosphonate. 37. A variety of structurally regular nanostructure groups that reside on a substrate. 38. For example, a plurality of nano-structure groups in the scope of patent application 37, wherein the regular nano-structures include selectively-oriented nano-structures. 39. For example, a plurality of nanostructure groups in the scope of patent application 37, wherein the selectively oriented nanostructures are substantially aligned with a specific axis. 40. The plurality of nano-structure groups as claimed in claim 39, wherein the specific axis is substantially perpendicular to a surface of the substrate. 41. For example, a plurality of nano-structure groups in the scope of patent application 39, wherein the specific axis is substantially parallel to a surface of the substrate. 15 42. A plurality of nanostructure groups according to item 37 of the patent application scope, wherein the nanostructures include nanorods or nanocircuits. 43. A method for regularizing the structure of nanostructures residing in a matrix, the method comprising: configuring a plurality of nanostructures and a matrix composition, wherein the matrix 20 composition comprises one or more types that can be interacted with to form A plurality of receiving structures capable of accommodating the nanostructures; and in the presence of the plurality of nanostructures, heating and then cooling the matrix composition, thereby regularizing the nanostructures inhabiting the matrix. 44. If the method according to item 43 of the scope of patent application, the regularization can be configured with more than 59 200408694 non-randomly oriented and / or non-randomly dispersed nanostructures residing in the matrix. 45. The method of claim 43, wherein disposing the matrix composition comprises disposing one or more matrix components in an irregular form, and 5 wherein heating and cooling are performed in the presence of the plurality of nanostructures. The matrix composition includes a matrix that thermodynamically regularizes the plurality of nanostructures. 46. The method according to item 43 of the patent application, wherein disposing the matrix composition includes disposing a pre-formed matrix having the more than 10 kinds of receiving structures capable of accommodating the nano-structures, and wherein In the presence of multiple nanostructures, heating and then cooling the matrix composition includes inserting the nanostructures into one or more receiving structures. 47. The method according to item 43 of the patent application further comprises cross-linking the one or more matrix components. 15 48. — A regular nanostructure with a structure inhabiting a matrix, which is prepared by the method of the 43rd patent application. 49. A method for preparing multiple nanostructures with regular structures, the method comprising: configuring a plurality of nanostructures, the nanostructures including a first group of nanostructures that can interact with a first alignment ligand, And 20 a second group of nanostructures that can interact with a second alignment ligand; and a first alignment ligand that resides in a first nanostructure adjacent to a second alignment structure The second aligned ligands of the nanostructures interact to thereby regularize the various nanostructures. 60 200408694 50. The method according to item 49 of the patent application, wherein the plurality of structural rules The nanostructure includes a plurality of selectively oriented nanostructures. 51. The method of claim 49, wherein the nanostructures include: spheres, ovoids, elongated or branched structures. 5 52. The method of claim 51 in the scope of patent application, wherein the nanostructures include: nanocrystals, nanospheres, nanorods, nanocircuits, nanotetrapods, dendrimer branches, or A combination of them. 53. The method according to item 49 of the patent application scope, wherein disposing the plurality of nanostructures comprises: 10 preparing a plurality of nanostructures; vapor-depositing the first one on the surface of the first part of one of the plurality of nanostructures Aligned ligands; and vapor-deposit a second aligned ligand that resides on the surface of the second portion of one of the plurality of nanostructures, thereby generating a nanostructure-aligned 15 ligand conjugate. 54. The method of claim 53 in which the various nanostructures are prepared on a substrate by vapor deposition. 55. The method according to item 53 of the patent application, wherein the plurality of nanostructures are prepared on a substrate by aqueous solution phase deposition. 20 56. The method of claim 54 further comprising: removing the nanostructure alignment ligands from the substrate before the first and second alignment ligands interact. Conjugate. 57. The method of claim 53, wherein the first part and the second part of the plurality of nanostructures include individual nanostructure groups. 61 200408694 58. The method of claim 53 in the scope of patent application, in which the first part and the second part of the various types of rice-receiving include individual regions of L formed by individual nanostructures. 59. The method of claim 49, wherein the first and second alignment ligands comprise one or more complementary binding pairs. 60. The method of claim 59, wherein the one or more complementary binding pairs comprise a functional molecule or a self-organizing molecule. 61. The method of claim 59, wherein the complementary binding pair comprises 10 an amine-containing compound or an alcohol-containing compound. 62. The method of claim 59, wherein the complementary binding pair comprises a biomolecule pair. 63. The method of claim 49 in the scope of patent application, further comprising: coupling the first alignment ligand to a surface 5 composed of the first nano15 structure and then coupling the second alignment ligand The second type of hollow structure is empty, wherein the first and second groups further comprise a functionalized head group that can be used to bind the alignment molecule to the neka selective surface. 64. The method of claim 63, wherein the functionalized head group 20 comprises one or more phosphonic acid, carboxylic acid, amine, phosphine, oxidized scale, aminobenzoic acid, urea, pyridine, isocyanate , Amine, nitro, pyrimidine, imidazole, 6 diamine and salen, dithione, catechol, N 0 coordination ligand, P, N coordination ligand, or Thiol group. 65. The method of claim 49, wherein the first one interacts with the second 62 200408694 aligned ligands by heating and then cooling the various nanostructures. 5 66. The method according to item 49 of the patent application, wherein the first and second alignment ligands further comprise a crosslinkable or polymerizable element, and wherein the first and second alignments The interaction of the ligands includes cross-linking or polymerizing the first and second alignment ligands. 67. The method of claim 49 in the scope of patent application, further comprising: the multiple structure regular nanostructures will be fixed to a substrate; then, removing the first and second alignment ligands. 63