200406970 玖、發明說明 (發明說明應敘明：發明所屬之技術領域、先前技術、內容、實施方式及圖式簡單說明） 本申請案係2002年6月14日所申請之美國專利申請案第 _ 1 0 / 1 7 0，7 1 5號之部分連續申請案（經美國專利局編號爲第 ‘ 10/410,160 號）。 1 .發明所屬之技術領域 本發明有關一種美國專利申請案第1 〇 / 1 7 0 7 1 5號中所揭 示形式之線性發電機，且更特別地有關一種含下列特性之 線性發電機： 馨 (1 )電樞磁鐵或多重磁極固定式磁鐵（m a g n e t)結構，具 有串列之 N-S交錯磁極及使用新穎接合方法予以建構， 而克服了高的剩磁（remanance)及矯頑磁（coercivity)之問 題，且藉此增加磁通密度； (2)固定式或可移動式繞組，利用新穎方法建構，可在 線性運動期間造成最多的磁力線切割。 2 .先前技術 在線性發電機中，磁性元件及繞組係相對於彼此而線性 _ 地往復運動，然而，此線性地往復運動會造成反磁效應 (d i a m a g n e t i c e f f e c t)而阻止繞組內之磁性元件的運動。 典型地，發電機之移動部件爲一電樞，由單一磁鐵所構 成，其係設置以線性移動穿過線圈。爲克服上述反磁效應 所造成之耗損，2002年6月14曰所申請之目前仍審查中 之本案申請人所擁有之美國專利申請案第1 0/ 1 7 0 7 1 5號中 揭示有使用多重繞組及磁性元件以及添加反彈元件於發電 200406970 機中，該反彈元件可爲彈性元件之形式，諸如橡皮或金屬 彈簧，位於移動式磁鐵之進行路線的端點處，而當磁鐵碰 到該反彈元件時給予機械反彈力，或可爲磁性材料或系統 之形式而當移動式磁鐵接近其行進之端點時產生斥力，或 可爲上述機械及磁性元件結合之形式。 該線性發電機係輕巧及有效率的，且可使用於轉換發電 機之運動爲充電電源而供不同的電子裝置使用，諸如行動 電話（其係申請專利中之美國專利申請案第1 0/ 1 7 0 7 1 5號 之主題）、個人 CD隨身聽、手持式電子遊樂器，等。此 排除了從電源插座獲得充電功率之需，而可節省能源及降 低相關於發電之污染，且亦提升充電電池之使用及減少相 關於無法再充電之拋棄式電池的環境污染。 典型電力源之商業發展上的限制在於，其適用大小及價 格之磁鐵及線圈之磁效率相當低，此磁鐡及線圏典型地具 有相當低的磁通密度及/或提供無效率分佈之磁力線。雖 然許多有效率之磁鐵或磁鐵/線圈結構已眾所皆知，諸如 美國專利第5 3 4 7 1 8 6及5 8 1 8 1 3 2號中所揭示之稀土金屬磁 鐵；美國專利第4 5 0 0 8 2 7號之複合式電樞及多重線圈結構 :美國專利第4 7 0 9 1 7 6號中所揭示之繞線磁心；及美國專 利第5 9 7 5 7 1 4號中所揭示之複合式線圈及堆疊式鈸金屬碟 形磁鐵，該等先前所發表之磁鐵/線圈結構一般而言存在 有製造昂貴及/或對於上述應用會太過於龐大之問題。 進一步地，雖來自線圈之磁力線分佈可藉添加導磁材料 於線圈結構而獲得改善，但導磁材料具有缺點爲不僅會增 200406970 加結構之複雜性而且會增加反磁阻力之效應。 3 .發明內容 因此，本發明之第一目的在於提供一種線性發電機，其 可易於製造且對於使用爲諸如行動電話、手提式C D唱機 、及手持式電子遊樂器之電子裝置中的充電電源而言亦係 足夠地輕巧及有效率，因此可降低電源插座供電之需而減 少能量消耗及污染，而增加了充電電池之需而減少固體廢 棄物。 本發明之第二目的在於提供一種線性發電機之電樞，其 具有增高之磁通密度。 本發明之第三目的在於提供一種繞組設置，供線性發電 機用，其具有增多之磁力線及改良之磁力線分佈，與電樞 之互動更佳，且無需導磁材料。 本發明之第四目的在於提供一種具有增大效率、低成本 及小尺寸之線性發電機的製造方法。 根據本發明之第一較佳實施例之原理，可藉下述來完成 該等目的：一種線性發電機係由複數個沿軸配向之繞組及 設置爲線性地往復於該等繞組內之多重磁極電樞所構成， 且進一步包含反彈元件，該反彈元件可爲下列形式： (1) 彈性元件，諸如橡皮或金屬彈簧，位於移動式磁鐵 之行進路線的端點處，而當磁鐵碰到該反彈元件時會獲得 機械反彈力及相反方向， (2) 磁性材料或系統，當移動式磁鐵接近其行進之端點 時產生斥力，或 200406970 (3 ) 上述機械及磁性元件之組合。 根據本發明第一較佳實施例之原理，多重磁極電樞係由 複數個個別磁鐵所組成，各含 N極及 S極，串列地設置 〇 亦可根據本發明之第二較佳實施例之原理，藉下述來完 成該等目的：一種線性發電機係由複數個沿軸配向之繞組 及固定式磁極磁鐵結構所構成，該繞組係包圍及設置使其 能相對於固定式多重磁極磁鐵結構線性地往復運動所構成 。該多重磁極磁鐵結構較佳地包含一單一之多重磁極磁鐵 ，定位於該沿軸配向之繞組之內，且可進一步包含平行之 磁鐵結構，定位在該等繞組外部，或同軸磁鐵結構，定位 在該等沿軸配向之繞組內部及外部。 在本發明之各較佳實施例中，電樞或固定式多重磁極磁 鐵結構可由配對之磁鐵所建構，藉黏著劑、燒結法、電焊 法、焊接法、結合法、或類似材料或技術，或藉兩個或更 多個該等接合法之任一組合予以接合，該等方法係施加於 該等磁鐵之至少之一的平面式表面，使得配對中之兩磁鐵 的相同磁極彼此面對而形成磁極結構。接著，N - S交錯極 性之磁極結構接合於個別磁鐵的端部而形成一矩形平行六 面體形狀之多重磁極磁鐵。在此一磁鐵結構內之磁通密度 已發現大大地高於相對應之習知4極磁鐵結構之磁通密度 〇 此外，在本發明之各較佳實施例中，該繞組可由無鐵心 或空氣心之雙繞組結構所構成，其中該線圈包含至少一第 200406970 一順時鐘方向纏繞之繞組及至少一第二逆時鐘方向纏繞之 繞組，以多層堆疊方式設置所構成，其使通過電樞及/或 -固定式多重磁極磁鐵結構之磁力線最多且可配合該等磁力 _ 線之分佈，而與電樞中之磁通的互動最大，藉此產生最大 的能量。 4 .實施方式 參閱第1及2圖。一線性發電機1 ’包含複數個固定式線 圈繞組1 1及可移動式多重磁極電樞磁鐵1 2，各該等磁鐵 φ 1 2由串列連接之兩極磁鐵及/或N- S交錯之單極磁鐵結構 14S及14N所組成。第2A及2B圖顯示沿著第2圖之線 IV-IV所取之橫截面圖。該等串列連接之兩極磁鐵可選用 地藉第8、9 A及9 B圖中所描繪之配對的兩極磁鐵所建構 。惟本發明未受限於此，亦即，只需至少一配對之磁極的 磁鐵即可實施本發明。 爲了克服電樞1 2之磁場與繞組1 1間之互動所造成之阻 力，如第1及2圖中所示之該兩實施例的線性發電機1 ’ fl 含有反彈元件1 3 A及1 3 B，分別地設置於電樞磁鐵1 2之 路徑中的繞組1 1末端處。該等反彈元件1 3 A、1 3 B可由 諸如橡皮、彈簧或其組合之彈性材料，能產生斥力以反抗 電樞磁鐵 1 2之磁性材料或系統，或彈性材料及磁性材料 之組合所構成。該等反彈元件亦可爲部分之能產生反彈力 或斥力之機械，裝置或系統。而且，第一實施例之繞組1 1 可爲移動式以及該電樞磁鐵12可爲固定式而具有反彈元 件設置用於繞組及產生斥力使繞組反彈而非電樞磁鐵反彈 -10- 200406970 選擇性地，根據本發明第二較佳實施例之原理，第1及 -2圖中之固定式繞組1 1及可移動式電樞磁鐵1 2可藉固定 、 式多重磁極磁鐵結構3 2定位於可移動式線圈繞組3 1內予 以取代，如第3圖中所示。在第3圖中，該固定式多重磁 極磁鐵結構3 2可具有相同於第1及/或2圖中之多重磁極 電樞磁鐵 1 2的結構，但係相對於殼體（未圖示）而固定。 同樣地，在第3圖之特定實例中，亦設置有反彈元件（未圖 φ 示），用於使可移動式線圈繞組3 1產生反彈，其中該等反 彈元件之構成與第1及2圖中電樞磁鐵1 2之反彈元件構成 相同。 爲進一步地增加穿過線圈繞組3 1之磁力線，第2及3 圖中所示之發電機可修飾爲含有額外之未受限於一層磁鐵 結構之固定式磁鐵結構4 2，定位於線圈繞組3 1之外面， 如第4及5圖中所描繪，其中該固定式磁鐵結構4 2亦由 多重串聯連接之兩極磁鐵所建構，而個別之兩極磁鐵無需 @ 具有相同於中心磁鐵結構3 2之架構。 第6圖顯示第4及5圖中所描繪之線性發電機的選擇性 變化例，其中該多重磁極磁鐵 3 2具有兩半圓柱狀結構接 合在一起，以及其中多重磁極磁鐵 4 2具有兩弧形結構接 合在一起之中空圓筒狀結構，其中該等磁鐵32及42與線 圈繞組3 1係同軸地配向。選擇性地，如第7圖中所示， 外部磁鐵結構4 2可由具有約半圓形橫截面之多重磁極磁 鐵 42，或由多個具有弧形橫截面，其延伸在發電機周邊 -11- 200406970 三分之一、四分之一或小部分之多重磁極磁鐵所取代。熟 、 習於本項技術者將理解的是，該多重磁極磁鐵 4 2並未受 -限於所描繪之形狀。 _ 如第8圖中所示，在第1至7圖中所描繪之任一實施例 的磁極磁鐵結構1 2，3 2或4 2，其較佳地係由N - S交錯串 聯連接之形成第9A及9B圖之磁極結構14S及14N之配 對磁鐵1、2 ; 3、4 ;及5、6所建構，各配對之磁鐵1、2 ;3、4 ;及5、6包含至少兩個個別之具有端面7、8平行 φ 六面體兩極磁鐵所組成且橫向地配向有相同及/或相反磁 極於該等端面之間，及/或在圓柱狀磁鐵結構的例子中， 個別之半圓柱狀兩極磁鐵具有相對應於端面 7、8之端面 且橫向地配向有相同及/或相反磁極於該等端面之間。該 等交錯磁極結構可藉磁化金屬心而製成，或在較佳方法中 藉分別地接合磁極結構所製成，而本發明並未意圖受限於 形成或建構交錯磁極結構之特定方法。 在配對中之各磁鐵可藉下列方式接合於該配對之另一磁 Φ 鐵，例如藉塗覆黏著劑於該等磁鐵之一的至少一橫向面 9 之上，或藉電焊法、結合法、焊接法、燒結法、或其他適 用之接合方法，或兩種或多種上述不同合法之組合予以接 合，使得個別磁鐵之相同磁極彼此面對。 如第9 A及9 B圖中所示，配對之磁鐵1、2 ; 3、4 ;及 5、6係串列接合在一起，其中該接合可藉黏著法、電焊 法、結合法、焊接法、燒結法、或類似法、或藉執行兩種 或多種上述不同接合法之組合於該等磁鐵之個別端面 7、 -12- 200406970 8之上，而形成多重磁極電樞磁鐵 1 2或多重磁極定子磁 鐵結構 3 2。如上述，已發現所描述之多重磁極磁鐵結構 之磁通密度會大大地高於一般未如上文所述之由配對之個 別磁鐵所建構之多重磁鐵結構之磁通密度。 根據第1至7圖之線性發電機1 ’之相對應的繞組1 1及/ 或 3 1形成一空氣心之線圈繞組，其中鄰接之線圈繞組係 以相反方向纏繞，以便能以最有效率之方式與電樞磁鐵結 構1 2及/或3 2之相反磁極磁性地互動。尤其，如第1 0圖 中所描繪地，當沿著線圈軸線觀視時，第一繞組1 1 A可 以以順時鐘方向纏繞，第二繞組 1 1 B可以以逆時鐘方向 纏繞，第三繞組 1 1 C係以順時鐘方向纏繞，以及第四繞 組1 1 D係以逆時鐘方向纏繞。繞組1 1及/或3 1的間隔及 數目可根據個別電樞磁鐵結構1 2及/或3 2的間隔及數目 予以調整，以便使電樞運動時之磁力線分佈最適化，而獲 得理想的磁力線切割效率及發電機之最大能量輸出。惟， 本發明之繞組數目並未受限於圖式所繪，只要存在有至少. 一繞組即可執行本發明。此外，該等繞組可爲至少一層之 多層堆疊設置。爲避免所不欲之磁阻，較佳地，該等繞組 1 1或3 1並未配置有導磁材料。 已詳細地描述根據本發明之兩個較佳實施例以使該等熟 習本項技術之人士能完成以及利用本發明。將理解的是， 所描述之實施例的許多變化例及修正例可予以完成而不會 背離本發明之精神。例如，如上述地，在藉配對的個別兩 極磁鐵建構該電樞磁鐵中，個別之兩極磁鐵以及配對之兩 -13- 200406970 極磁鐵可藉除了黏著法之外的諸如電焊法、結合法、焊接 ~ 法、或燒結法、或兩個或更多個上述接合法予以接合在一-起。此外，磁極結構之數目可爲任何大於1之數目，亦即 _ ，至少爲 2，且電樞磁鐵之結構形狀並未受限於上述實施 例，而是可包含三角形、橢圓形或其他幾何形狀。進一步 地，磁鐵結構之安排並未受限於 N-S-N-S及/或 N-S-S-N 之極性，而是可延伸至其他組合之 N - S交錯極性。因此 ，所打算的是，本發明並未受限於上述說明或圖式，而是 φ 將根據附錄之申請專利範圍予以完全地界定。 5 .圖式簡單說明 第1圖係根據本發明第一較佳實施例之原理所建構之線 性發電機的示意圖，其中含有固定式線圈繞組及呈N-S-N-S 交錯串列之可移動式多重磁極電樞磁鐵； 第2圖係根據本發明第二較佳實施例之原理所建構之線 性發電機的示意圖，其中含有固定式線圈繞組及呈N-S-S-N 交錯串列之可移動式多重磁極電樞磁鐵； ® 第2A及2B圖係沿著第2圖之線IV-IV所取之橫截面圖 第3圖係根據第二較佳實施例之線性發電機之特定實例 的示意圖，其中含有可移動式線圈繞組及呈N-S-S-N交錯 串列之固定式多重磁極定子磁鐵； 第4圖係第3圖線性發電機之變化例的示意圖，其中包 含複數個呈N-S-S-N交錯串列之固定式多重磁極定子磁鐵 -14- 200406970 第5圖係第4圖線性發電機沿著線V-V所取之橫截面圖 第6圖亦係第4圖線性發電機沿著線V-V所取之選擇 _ 例的橫截面圖； 第7圖乃係第4圖線性發電機沿著線V-V所取之另一 選擇例的橫截面圖； 第8圖係一示意圖，描繪使用於第1至7圖線性發電機 中之多重磁極電樞磁鐵或定子結構； φ 第9A及9B圖係利用第8圖中所描繪之方法所建構之 多重磁極電樞磁鐵或定子結構的實例； 第1 〇圖係一適用於第1圖線性發電機之多重繞組設置 的示意圖。 主要部分之代表符號說明 1〜6 磁鐵 Γ 線性發電機 7，8 端面 _ 9 橫向面 11 繞組 12 電樞磁鐵 1 3 A，1 3 B 反彈元件 1 4 N，1 4 S 磁極 3 1 線圈繞組 3 2,4 2 磁鐵結構 -15-200406970 发明 Description of the invention (The description of the invention shall state: the technical field to which the invention belongs, prior art, contents, embodiments, and a brief description of the drawings) This application is No. _ of the US patent application filed on June 14, 2002 Partial serial application of 1 0/1 7 0, 7 1 5 (No. 10 / 410,160 by the US Patent Office). 1. FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a linear generator in the form disclosed in US Patent Application No. 10/17 0 7 15, and more particularly to a linear generator having the following characteristics: (1) The armature magnet or multiple-magnet fixed magnet structure has a series of NS staggered magnetic poles and is constructed using a novel joining method, which overcomes the high remanance and coercivity. Problems, and thereby increase the magnetic flux density; (2) fixed or movable windings, constructed using novel methods, can cause the most magnetic line cutting during linear motion. 2. Prior art In linear generators, magnetic components and windings reciprocate linearly with respect to each other. However, this linear reciprocating motion will cause a diamagnetic effect (d i a m a g n e t e c f f e c t) to prevent the movement of the magnetic elements in the winding. Typically, the moving part of a generator is an armature, consisting of a single magnet, which is arranged to move linearly through the coil. In order to overcome the attrition caused by the above diamagnetic effect, US Patent Application No. 10/1 7 0 7 1 5 owned by the applicant of the present application which is currently under review and applied on June 14, 2002 has been disclosed for use. Multiple windings and magnetic elements and adding a rebound element in the 200406970 generator. The rebound element can be in the form of an elastic element, such as a rubber or metal spring, located at the end of the course of the moving magnet, and when the magnet hits the rebound The component can be given mechanical rebound force, or it can be in the form of a magnetic material or system and a repulsive force is generated when the mobile magnet approaches its end point, or it can be in the form of a combination of the above mechanical and magnetic components. The linear generator is lightweight and efficient, and can be used to convert the motion of the generator into a charging power source for use in different electronic devices, such as a mobile phone (which is US Patent Application No. 10/1 in the patent application) Theme of 7 0 7 1 5), Personal CD Walkman, Handheld Electronic Game Instrument, etc. This eliminates the need to obtain charging power from the power outlet, saves energy and reduces pollution related to power generation, and also improves the use of rechargeable batteries and reduces environmental pollution related to disposable batteries that cannot be recharged. The limitation on the commercial development of typical power sources is that the magnetic efficiency of magnets and coils that are applicable in size and price is relatively low. This magnetic coil and line coil typically have a relatively low magnetic flux density and / or provide inefficient distribution of magnetic field lines . Although many efficient magnets or magnet / coil structures are known, such as the rare earth metal magnets disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos. 5 3 4 7 1 8 6 and 5 8 1 8 1 32; U.S. Patent No. 4 5 0 0 8 2 7 composite armature and multiple coil structure: winding core disclosed in US Patent No. 4 0 0 9 1 7 6; and disclosed in US Patent No. 5 9 7 5 7 1 4 For composite coils and stacked cymbal metal disc magnets, these previously published magnet / coil structures generally have problems of expensive manufacturing and / or being too bulky for the above applications. Further, although the distribution of magnetic field lines from the coil can be improved by adding a magnetically permeable material to the coil structure, the magnetically permeable material has the disadvantage of not only increasing the complexity of the 200406970 structure, but also increasing the effect of diamagnetic resistance. 3. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, a first object of the present invention is to provide a linear generator which can be easily manufactured and is suitable for a charging power source used in an electronic device such as a mobile phone, a portable CD player, and a handheld electronic game instrument. It is also sufficiently lightweight and efficient, so it can reduce the need for power supply from the power outlet and reduce energy consumption and pollution, and increase the need for rechargeable batteries and reduce solid waste. It is a second object of the present invention to provide an armature of a linear generator having an increased magnetic flux density. A third object of the present invention is to provide a winding arrangement for a linear generator, which has an increased magnetic field line and an improved magnetic field line distribution, has better interaction with the armature, and does not require a magnetically conductive material. A fourth object of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing a linear generator with increased efficiency, low cost and small size. According to the principle of the first preferred embodiment of the present invention, these objects can be accomplished by the following: A linear generator is composed of a plurality of windings aligned along an axis and a plurality of magnetic poles arranged to reciprocate linearly in the windings The armature is formed and further includes a rebound element, which may be in the following form: (1) an elastic element, such as a rubber or metal spring, is located at the end of the travelling path of the movable magnet, and when the magnet hits the rebound The component will obtain mechanical rebound force and the opposite direction, (2) magnetic material or system, repulsive force is generated when the movable magnet approaches the end point of its travel, or 200406970 (3) the combination of the above mechanical and magnetic components. According to the principle of the first preferred embodiment of the present invention, the multi-pole armature system is composed of a plurality of individual magnets, each of which includes N poles and S poles, which are arranged in series. The principle is achieved by the following: A linear generator is composed of a plurality of windings aligned along the axis and a fixed magnetic pole magnet structure. The winding system is surrounded and arranged so that it can be opposed to the fixed multiple magnetic pole magnet. The structure consists of a linear reciprocating motion. The multiple magnetic pole magnet structure preferably includes a single multiple magnetic pole magnet positioned within the windings aligned along the axis, and may further include parallel magnetic structures positioned outside such windings, or coaxial magnet structures positioned at The windings aligned inside and outside the shaft. In each of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, the armature or fixed multi-pole magnet structure can be constructed from a pair of magnets, using an adhesive, a sintering method, an electric welding method, a welding method, a bonding method, or similar materials or technologies, or Joining by any combination of two or more of these joining methods, which are applied to the planar surface of at least one of the magnets so that the same poles of the two magnets in the pair face each other to form Magnetic pole structure. Next, the N-S staggered pole structure is joined to the ends of individual magnets to form a rectangular parallelepiped-shaped multiple pole magnet. The magnetic flux density in this magnet structure has been found to be much higher than the magnetic flux density of the corresponding conventional 4-pole magnet structure. In addition, in the preferred embodiments of the present invention, the winding may be made of iron-free core or air. The core is composed of a double winding structure, where the coil includes at least one 200,406,970 clockwise winding and at least one second anticlockwise winding, which are arranged in a multi-layer stacking manner, which passes through the armature and / OR- The fixed multi-pole magnet structure has the most magnetic field lines and can match the distribution of these magnetic field lines, and has the largest interaction with the magnetic flux in the armature, thereby generating the maximum energy. 4. Embodiment Refer to FIGS. 1 and 2. A linear generator 1 ′ includes a plurality of fixed coil windings 11 and a movable multi-pole armature magnet 12, each of these magnets φ 1 2 is composed of two pole magnets connected in series and / or N-S staggered single It consists of pole magnet structure 14S and 14N. Figures 2A and 2B show cross-sectional views taken along line IV-IV of Figure 2. These serially connected two-pole magnets can optionally be constructed using the paired two-pole magnets depicted in Figures 8, 9 A, and 9 B. However, the present invention is not limited to this, that is, the present invention can be implemented only by magnets having at least one pair of magnetic poles. In order to overcome the resistance caused by the interaction between the magnetic field of the armature 12 and the winding 11, the linear generator 1 'fl of the two embodiments shown in Figs. 1 and 2 contains rebound elements 1 3 A and 1 3 B is provided at the ends of the windings 11 in the path of the armature magnet 12 respectively. The rebound elements 1 3 A, 1 3 B may be composed of an elastic material such as a rubber, a spring, or a combination thereof, a magnetic material or system capable of generating a repulsive force to oppose the armature magnet 12, or a combination of an elastic material and a magnetic material. These rebound elements can also be part of a machine, device or system that can generate rebound or repulsive forces. Moreover, the winding 11 of the first embodiment may be mobile and the armature magnet 12 may be fixed and have a rebound element provided for winding and generating a repulsive force to bounce the winding instead of the armature magnet bounce. 2004200470 In accordance with the principle of the second preferred embodiment of the present invention, the fixed winding 11 and the movable armature magnet 12 in the first and second figures can be positioned by a fixed, multi-pole magnet structure 3 2 The movable coil winding 31 is replaced as shown in FIG. 3. In FIG. 3, the fixed multiple-pole-pole magnet structure 32 may have the same structure as the multiple-pole armature magnet 12 in FIGS. 1 and / or 2, but with respect to a housing (not shown). fixed. Similarly, in the specific example in FIG. 3, a rebound element (not shown in φ) is also provided for causing the movable coil winding 31 to bounce, and the composition of these rebound elements is the same as that in FIGS. 1 and 2. The rebound elements of the armature magnet 12 have the same structure. In order to further increase the magnetic lines of force passing through the coil winding 31, the generator shown in Figures 2 and 3 can be modified to include an additional fixed magnet structure 4 2 that is not restricted to a layer of magnet structure, positioned at the coil winding 3 The outer surface of 1, as depicted in Figures 4 and 5, where the fixed magnet structure 4 2 is also constructed by multiple two-pole magnets connected in series, and individual two-pole magnets do not need @ to have the same structure as the central magnet structure 3 2 . Figure 6 shows a selective variation of the linear generator depicted in Figures 4 and 5, where the multiple pole magnet 32 has two semi-cylindrical structures joined together, and where the multiple pole magnet 42 has two arcs The structures are joined together in a hollow cylindrical structure, in which the magnets 32 and 42 are coaxially aligned with the coil winding 31. Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 7, the outer magnet structure 42 may be composed of a multi-pole magnet 42 having an approximately semi-circular cross-section, or a plurality of arc-shaped cross-sections extending around the periphery of the generator. 200406970 One-third, one-quarter, or a small number of multiple pole magnets are replaced. Those skilled in the art will understand that the multi-pole magnet 42 is not limited to the shape depicted. _ As shown in FIG. 8, the magnetic pole magnet structure 12 of any of the embodiments depicted in FIGS. 1 to 7 is preferably formed by N-S staggered series connection. The paired magnets 1, 2; 3, 4; and 5, 6 of the magnetic pole structures 14S and 14N in Figs. 9A and 9B are constructed, and each paired magnet 1, 2; 3, 4; and 5, 6 include at least two individual It has end faces 7, 8 parallel φ hexahedral two-pole magnets and is horizontally aligned with the same and / or opposite magnetic poles between these end faces, and / or in the case of cylindrical magnet structures, individual semi-cylindrical shapes The two-pole magnets have end faces corresponding to the end faces 7, 8 and are laterally aligned with the same and / or opposite magnetic poles between the end faces. Such interleaved magnetic pole structures may be made by magnetizing a metal core, or in a preferred method by separately joining the magnetic pole structures, and the present invention is not intended to be limited to a particular method of forming or constructing the interleaved magnetic pole structure. Each magnet in the pair can be joined to the other magnetic Φ iron of the pair by, for example, coating an adhesive on at least one lateral surface 9 of one of the magnets, or by welding, bonding, Welding, sintering, or other suitable joining methods, or two or more of the above different legal combinations are joined so that the same magnetic poles of individual magnets face each other. As shown in Figures 9 A and 9 B, the paired magnets 1, 2; 3, 4; and 5, 6 are joined in series, and the joining can be performed by adhesion, welding, bonding, or welding. , Sintering, or similar methods, or by performing a combination of two or more of the above different bonding methods on the individual end faces 7, -12-200406970 8 of these magnets to form a multiple pole armature magnet 12 or multiple poles Stator magnet structure 32. As described above, it has been found that the magnetic flux density of the described multi-pole magnet structure is much higher than the magnetic flux density of a multi-magnet structure constructed by a pair of individual magnets, which is generally not described above. The corresponding windings 1 1 and / or 31 of the linear generator 1 ′ according to FIGS. 1 to 7 form an air-cored coil winding, wherein adjacent coil windings are wound in opposite directions so that the most efficient It interacts magnetically with the opposite poles of the armature magnet structure 12 and / or 32. In particular, as depicted in FIG. 10, when viewed along the coil axis, the first winding 1 1 A may be wound in a clockwise direction, the second winding 1 1 B may be wound in a counterclockwise direction, and the third winding 1 1 C is wound in a clockwise direction, and the fourth winding 1 1 D is wound in a counterclockwise direction. The interval and number of windings 1 1 and / or 31 can be adjusted according to the interval and number of individual armature magnet structures 12 and / or 32, so as to optimize the distribution of magnetic field lines during armature movement and obtain ideal magnetic field lines. Cutting efficiency and maximum energy output of the generator. However, the number of windings of the present invention is not limited to the drawing, as long as there is at least one winding, the present invention can be performed. In addition, the windings may be arranged in a multilayer stack of at least one layer. To avoid undesired magnetic resistance, preferably, the windings 11 or 31 are not provided with a magnetically conductive material. Two preferred embodiments according to the present invention have been described in detail to enable those skilled in the art to make and use the present invention. It will be understood that many variations and modifications of the described embodiments can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. For example, as described above, in constructing the armature magnet by paired individual two-pole magnets, the individual two-pole magnets and the paired two--13-200406970 pole magnets can be used in addition to the adhesion method such as welding, bonding, welding, etc. ~ Method, or sintering method, or two or more of the above joining methods are joined together. In addition, the number of magnetic pole structures can be any number greater than 1, that is, _ is at least 2, and the structural shape of the armature magnet is not limited to the above embodiments, but can include triangles, ovals, or other geometric shapes. . Further, the arrangement of the magnet structure is not limited to the polarities of N-S-N-S and / or N-S-S-N, but can be extended to other combinations of N-S staggered polarities. Therefore, it is intended that the present invention is not limited to the above description or drawings, but φ will be completely defined according to the scope of patent application in the appendix. 5. Brief Description of the Drawings Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a linear generator constructed according to the principle of the first preferred embodiment of the present invention, which includes a fixed coil winding and a movable multi-pole armature in an NSNS staggered series. Magnet; Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a linear generator constructed according to the principle of the second preferred embodiment of the present invention, which contains a fixed coil winding and a movable multi-pole armature magnet in an NSSN staggered series; Figures 2A and 2B are cross-sectional views taken along line IV-IV of Figure 2. Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a specific example of a linear generator according to a second preferred embodiment, which contains movable coil windings and NSSN staggered series fixed multi-pole stator magnets; Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a variation of the linear generator in Figure 3, which includes a plurality of NSSN staggered series fixed multi-pole stator magnets. 14- 200406970 Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the linear generator taken along the line VV in Fig. 4. Fig. 6 is also a cross-sectional view of the selection_ example of the linear generator taken along the line VV in Fig. 4; 4th Figure 8 is a cross-sectional view of another alternative example of the linear generator taken along the line VV; Figure 8 is a schematic diagram depicting the multiple pole armature magnet or stator structure used in the linear generator of Figures 1 to 7; φ Figures 9A and 9B are examples of a multiple pole armature magnet or stator structure constructed using the method depicted in Figure 8; Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of a multiple winding arrangement suitable for the linear generator of Figure 1. Description of main symbols 1 ~ 6 Magnet Γ Linear generator 7, 8 End face_ 9 Transverse face 11 Winding 12 Armature magnet 1 3 A, 1 3 B Rebound element 1 4 N, 1 4 S Magnetic pole 3 1 Coil winding 3 2,4 2 magnet structure-15-