TW200307141A - System and method for locating wireless device in an unsynchronized wireless environment - Google Patents

Abstract

A system and method for determining the location of a device (target device) in a wireless radio environment. The method involves transmitting a first signal. The target device transmits a second signal. The first signal and second signal are received at two or more known locations in the general proximity of the target device. The location of the target device is computed from the time difference of arrival of the first signal and arrival of the second signal at the two or more known locations. This technique does not require the measurements made at the known locations to be time-synchronized and, can be performed completely in software, if desired, using non-real-time post-processing.

Description

200307141 发明 Description of the invention: This case requests US Provisional Patent Application No. 60 / 37〇, 725 for application on April 9, 2002 and US Provisional Patent Application No. 60 / 319,737 for application on November 27, 2002 The priority of each case is incorporated herein by reference. 5 [Page L] of the genus of the households] The present invention relates to a system and method for locating wireless devices in an asynchronous wireless environment. Ciltr A number of wireless radio frequency communication applications involve communication between wireless devices, 10 or wireless communication with a base station or a central device. For example, in a wireless local area network (WLAN), an access point (AP) communicates with multiple stations (STAs). Stations and proximity points can advance on the network in a particular geographical location. In order to manage the network for security and other purposes, it is necessary to know the location of the station, the proximity point, or even the location of another device. This device is not a WLAN device, but operates in the location of the WLAN and the frequency band of the WLAN. For example, if a large WLAN has fraudulent or unreliable stations or proximity gains, you can obtain WLAN security or confidential information and / or disrupt wlan operations. It is therefore necessary to immediately identify and locate the fraud device. By the same token, if a WLAN operates in the location where it interferes with the operation of the WLAN, then the location of the 2017 wave is also useful information for correcting the interference problem. Wireless positioning measurement technology is known in the industry. A number of wireless positioning measurement techniques require one or more of the following: identifying special location signals, dedicated and cost-added hardware resources, and higher speed processing, preferably low cost wireless devices. For example, several position measurement techniques are used at known locations on several devices. However, the measurement at each known location must be synchronized over time 200307141. In other words, the clock signals of the devices at known locations must be synchronized, which results in a significant increase in complexity and therefore the cost of supporting local measurements. There is a need for a positioning measurement technology that requires minimal modification of the signal processing used by the device and can be quickly and cost-effectively launched to the market. [Summary of the Invention] Briefly, a system and method for determining the location of a wireless transmitting device (target device or terminal device) in a wireless radio frequency communication environment are provided. The method involves transmitting a first signal from a known or unknown location. The target device transmits a second signal, which may be responsive or non-responsive to the first signal. The first signal can be before or after the second signal. The measurement of the arrival time is to measure the exchange of the first signal to the second signal at two or more locations near the outline of the target device. For example, each of two or more known locations has a reference device with a radio frequency receiver. Such a reference device receives and stores in its receiver the first signal-to-second handshake association data. In addition, the known position may correspond to one antenna in a multi-antenna reference device. The location of the target device is determined from the difference in arrival times measured when the first and second signals arrive at two or more known locations. This technique eliminates the need for time-synchronized measurements at known locations. If necessary, non-real-time post-processing can be used to perform measurements entirely in software. 20 The measurement of the time of arrival difference can be made by cross-correlation of the received wavelength with an appropriately long reference waveform. The noise average obtained by the long cross-correlator can improve the measurement SNR but does not increase the silicon area / device cost because the cross-correlator can be implemented in software. The target device may (but not necessarily) transmit a signal according to the communication standard or protocol used by the device transmitting the first signal. 200307141 For example, the application of this technology is used to measure the position of IE EE 8 02 · 11 platform or proximity point (for example) 'here the -signal address is a request to send (RTS) packet at the target device, and the second signal is the reason The target server responds to a CTS packet sent by RTS. However, this technology can be used to measure the location of any device transmitting any type of signal No. 5, whether periodic or non-periodic, and has nothing to do with whether the target device can decode the third signal or respond to the first signal when transmitting the third signal . Another effect of this positioning measurement technology is that the device to be positioned does not require special hardware or software functions. Computation of the measurement can be performed on other devices or other locations. Another advantage of this position measurement technology is that all positioning operations can be performed on one computing device and not necessarily performed immediately. It is therefore not necessary to assign special positioning survey information to several other devices. Other objects and advantages of the present invention will be more easily understood with reference to the following description together with the accompanying drawings. Brief description of 15 drawings Figure 1 is a block diagram of the wireless environment, in which the positioning measurement of each terminal device in the network can be used. Figure 2 is an example block diagram of a terminal device that can be used with the positioning measurement techniques described herein. 2 Figure 3 is a block diagram of a component that can be used in a terminal device. Here the 7G component has a memory to store useful data of the positioning and measurement system described here. Fig. 4 is a timing chart showing the process of collecting positioning measurement data to locate the target terminal device (TT). 200307141 ^ The diagram is a timing diagram showing the end of the fixed terminal. The terminal device does not need to follow the rules of the technology. Received from the same communication protocol knowledge of the heart reference terminal device (MRT) ^ 彡 The figure shows the interaction _11 The length of the waveform is slightly quotient relative to the figure 8 _ 罟 is located ^ _ makes the measured value of Dashi County, An equation that calculates where the terminal device is located. Fig. 9 is a block diagram of another ~ π terminal device. This type of terminal device has a plurality of antennas for the additive position measurement technology. ', Ίο 15 Figure 10 is ^ ρ & ~ 10,000 block diagram shows one of two possible values of the target terminal device relative to the reference device (RT). ‘Nos. 11 and 12_ are block diagrams of other possible positioning measurement configurations using a terminal device with multiple antennas. Figure 13 shows a situation where the target terminal device is outside the normal coverage of the reference device or the master reference device. Figure 14 is a schematic diagram showing a coverage map of a wireless network that can be formed using the techniques described herein. [Implementing the cold type] Outline positioning measurement method 20 The first figure shows a radio frequency environment 10 with a plurality of terminal devices. The environment 10 is, for example, an IEEE 802.11 WLAN, and the terminal devices may be proximity points (APs) or stations (STAs). Can be used to understand where multiple end devices are located for security and other network management purposes. Fraud devices ^ Ding Ba or Baqiao may try to access the network, so the scam device must be located. In addition, the device to be located 200307141 may be a non-WLAN device such as a wireless phone, a microwave oven, a Bluetooth device, etc., which operates in the same frequency band of the WLAN terminal device and may interfere with the operation of the WLAN. It is desirable to locate interference devices. In FIG. 1, the target terminal device (TT) 100 (AP, STA, radiotelephone 5, etc.) is a device (so-called target device) whose location 11 is to be measured. One or more reference terminal devices (RTs) 200, 2100, and 220 (such as ap or STA) each located at a known location u = [Xi, yi, Zi], and a master reference terminal device (MRT) 230 (such as AP or STA) at a known location Ul. In addition, as described in detail later, the known position is composed of one antenna of a multi-antenna reference device. A computing device such as a network server (NS) 400 uses a wired network connection or a wireless network connection, directly connects, or is coupled to each RT through one of the terminal devices (eg, MRT 230) also serving as an AP. Usually the position measurement process involves the measurement of the difference in time of arrival (TDOA) at two or more known locations. Any terminal device at a known or unknown location near the target terminal device transmits a first radio frequency signal. For example, the MRT 230 transmits a first (radio frequency) signal. ττ 100 transmits a second (radio frequency) signal before or after the first signal. The arrival of the first and second signals is measured at two or more known positions (for example, RT includes MRT 230), and the time difference is obtained for each known position. The TD0A measurement is then used to calculate where the 20 TT 100 is. If the TT 100 is a device type that can communicate with the MRT 230 according to a known communication standard, the MRT 23 can address the first signal to the TT. The first signal is, for example, a request-to-send (RTS) packet (the addressing is using a wireless network) The other signals are transmitted by ττ 100 (addresses determined by MRT 230). Even though the first signal can be addressed to TT 100, other terminal devices such as 200307141 RTs still receive the first signal (but other RTs will not respond to the signal because the first signal is not addressed to these other RTs). The TT 100 transmits a second signal in response to receiving a first signal according to a communication standard rule. The second signal may be a CTS packet. The advantage of this process is that the clocks of the various devices used for measurement do not need to be synchronized. In many cases, the synchronization of the clocks requires additional hardware or software processing. In addition, it is possible (but not necessary) to complete the positioning process entirely in software for non-real-time processing. If the TT 100 does not use the same communication standard as the MRT 230, but instead transmits a tower signal, synchronization signal, or other type 10 signal periodically or irregularly, the first signal (non-addressed at TT) is transmitted, and The signal transmitted by the TT 100 is used as a time reference. These processes will be described later with reference to Figures 5 and 6. The positioning of MRT 230 and RTs 200, 210, and 220 is known through prior knowledge, for example, its positioning can be known by physical measurements, by using Global Positioning System (GPS), or by using the techniques described herein. NS 400 includes a processor 41 and performs position calculation processing 43 (described later in detail). NS 410 also performs interactive correlation processing (described later in detail). The cross-correlation processing 420 determines the arrival time measurement of each signal, and also obtains TDOA from the arrival time data, or performs TDOA calculation by separate processing. The position calculation 20 process 430 uses the TDOA data to calculate the position of the TT 100. As mentioned earlier, the parent correlation processing of the data collected from each of the RTs 200, 210, and 220 can be performed on the NS 400, or RTs 2000, 210, and 22 on the embedded or host processor. By itself. All in all, the calculations can be performed completely in software and not in real time, saving significant cost of silicon area, otherwise the silicon area cost will be consumed in the terminal device. TDOA measurements can be cross-referenced by the received waveform and the extremely long reference waveform. The long cross-correlator leads to noise equalization and improves the measured SNR, but because the cross-correlator is implemented in software, it does not increase the silicon area / device cost. Any RT (including MRT) with sufficient processing power can perform position measurement calculations. Data and calculations from other RTs can be sent to that RT. One or more of the RTs 200, 210, and 220 and MRT 230 shown in Figure 1 can be borrowed from the device's RF receiver, starting at a specified time and after a specified period of time, capturing and storing the received signal data and outputting it to memory body. A terminal device with such capability is hereinafter referred to as a "cooperative" device or terminal device, and a device without such capability is hereinafter referred to as a non-cooperative device or terminal device. The number of required time difference measurements at different known locations is determined based on other available factors. Usually, at least two known locations must be measured. Table 1 below shows the number of measurements required depending on other factors, such as whether one of the coordinates of TT is known, or whether TT is a cooperative device. In all cases identified in the table below, since the equations are solved for each positioning operation to obtain a second solution, there will be a problem of position confusion. The correct position must be selected from the two solutions. 20 As detailed later, there are at least two options to deal with this kind of confusion. First, TDOA can be located in additional known locations (eg, RT). Second, a hypothesis test can be performed to identify the correct location of the solution. The hypothesis test will be described later on Figure 10. 11 200307141 Table 1: Knowing other factors, knowing the minimum number of known positions of TT knows a target (eg Z) X Cooperating TT minimum known positions (eg RTs) X 2 X 3 X 3 — —-—- J 4 Example synergy device Figure 2 is a block diagram of an example RT or MRT. Any device that has an analog / digital conversion (ADC) and can access its digital output, or can access the analog output of the 5 receiver part of the RF receiver, can be made into a cooperative device, as long as the output of the receiver can It is digitized and stored for the time of interest, that is, it is known that it includes a radio frequency receiver 308 that receives signals through an antenna 312. The MRT can transmit and receive, so the MRT has a radio frequency transmitter 31 (which may be a part of the radio frequency transceiver, which is an integrated radio frequency receiver and radio frequency transmitter). The switch 309 may couple a radio frequency receiver or radio frequency transmitter 310 to the antenna 312. The RT does not need to be capable of transmitting, so it must have at least an RF receiver. There are one or more analog / digital converters (ADCs) 322 and digital / analog converters (DACs) 324 (for terminal devices that can also transmit signals). The fundamental frequency region I5 ′ ^ can also be a separate integrated circuit) and can be transferred to the ADCs 322 and DACs 324 through the rf interface 326. The baseband signal processing can be performed in the baseband physical block (PHY) 328. Set memory 332, which can receive the digital output of ADC 322, and it can be any storage element or buffer that can store the output of ADC 322. § The memory 332 does not need to be properly located in the fundamental frequency band 20 320. The memory 332 must be large enough to store at least part of the first 12 200307141 signal sent by the MRT and part of the second signal sent by ττ and other information sent simultaneously at the inter-day interval of the second gate. Signal embodiment further description-such as :. : When the terminal device is 23:00, the memory 332 turns the digital into the sample storage ^ DAC 324, which is used to transmit the-signal (俾 identify the 5th reference signal gate 5 points) and store the digital output sample of the ADC 322 , Indicates that received = j 吕 号 (俾 identifies the reference time point of the second signal). The high-level processing capability can be provided in the embedded processor 34G, and a number of functions performed by the processor 34, including the interactive association processing 342, such as the functions described above that can be leveraged by the NS. & processor 340 may execute instructions stored in ROM 344 10 and / or RAM 346. The baseband segment 3 2 0 can be lightly coupled to the host device 350 through a suitable interface such as a universal serial bus (USB), a PCI / card bus, or even an Ethernet link / pin. The host device 350 has a main memory 352, which can also perform an interactive association process 354 among a plurality of functions. The interaction association process 354 I5 of the host device 35 is the same parent association process 342 of the set processing state 340, which is the same as the interaction association process 420 of the NS 400. It does not need to be performed in all positions, but can be performed in only one position. Another change is shown in Figure 2, where the RT has the ability to use local acquisition and collection (by wired or wireless link) of TDOA information from other RTSs. 20 performs positioning on its embedded processor 340 or main processor 352 Arithmetic processing 430. An example of a subsystem includes memory. The memory includes a terminal to allow them to work together. An example of the subsystem is the real-time spectrum analysis engine (SAGE) 500 shown in FIG. 3. SAGE 500 includes a spectrum analyzer 510, a signal detector 520, a tap buffer 530, and a general-purpose signal synthesizer 54. Spectrum analysis 13 200307141 The generator 520 generates data that represents an instantaneous spectrum graph of the radio frequency (RF) spectrum bandwidth, for example up to 100 million hertz. SAGE 500 receives digital data representing the output of the ADC (which can be included in the RF interface 326). 4 Lue detection is 520 detection of signal pulses in the frequency band that meet a set of configurable pulse characteristics, and output pulse event data of these pulses. The pulse event data includes one or more of the starting time, duration, power, center frequency, and bandwidth of each detected pulse. The signal detector 52 also provides a pulse-trigger output, which can be used to enable / disable the buffer point 53 to collect data. The signal debt detector 520 includes a multi-pulse detector, each of which is self-assembled to detect pulses that meet a certain set of criteria. The tap buffer 530 is a memory, which stores a set of useful raw digital reception data, and its purpose is as described above. The sampling buffer 53 may be used to collect samples by triggering the debt detector 520, or use an external trigger source to trigger using the sampling trigger signal sb: trIG. In addition, the draw buffer 53 has two I5 operation modes: a pre-store mode and a post-store mode. In the pre-memory mode, the sampling buffer lion continuously writes to the DPR pin. When a trigger signal is detected, the writing is aborted and the processor 34 () is interrupted. In the post-save mode, the writer operation of DPR only starts after the measurement is triggered. The combination of f-forward and post-save modes can be used to capture the received data under the trigger conditions of the sampling point and afterwards. 20 Signal samples. The universal signal synchronizer 54 synchronizes to a signal source such as a Bluetooth SO) microphone and a wireless phone. uss 54 sniff middle proximity control (MAC CAN 560 interface, MAC logic is based on the MAC protocol such as the IEEE 802.11 protocol to manage the packet transfer round of the frequency band. MAC logic 56Q magic card 200307141 can generate a trigger trigger signal SB-TRIG Special signals, such as the first signal transmitted by MRT (such as RTS), are processed by MAC logic 560 based on this signal. This is a useful feature of the positioning measurement technology described here, but not necessary. Embedded processor 340 and SAGE 500 Interface to receive the spectrum information of SAGE 500 output 5 and control certain operating parameters of SAGE 500. The embedded processor 34o interfaces with SAGE 500 via DPR 55 and control register 570. SAGE 500 uses a memory interface ( I / F) 580 (which is coupled to DPR 550) and interfaces with the embedded processor 340. 10 15 20 In other words, SAGE 500 is useful for energy pulse level analysis of radio frequency band detection used by wireless devices. Sub-system. One of the features of SAGE 500 is to capture the original received signal data in memory (such as a tap buffer). The tap trigger signal that causes the data stored in the memory can be appropriately configured. The pulse detector is supplied by the pulse detector, which constitutes the signal detection of SAGE 5000 as a part of each piece (the detector element can respond to the signal pulse representing the occurrence of the first signal), or is supplied by the MAC logic, MAC Logic traces the activity of the relevant MAC protocol of the communication signal between the devices and detects the first signal. ^ Further details of SAGE 5GG are disclosed in US Patent Application No. 10 / 246,365, which is jointly assigned and under review. No., date of application, September 18, 2002, with the name "System and Method for Real-Time Spectrum Analysis in Communication Devices", the full text of which is here to attract people. Details of positioning measurement methods-further details

The nipping method involves transmitting a first signal from a terminal device near the TT, which is the first iI. Signals are now available for rotation. The first signal may be transmitted by a known MRT ^ ', or by a terminal device whose location is unknown. 15 200307141. If ττ works in accordance with the flood standard, the communication standard adopts the special output / response exchange protocol of MRT or other terminal devices that transmit the first signal, then TT can respond with the second signal 'called the reply signal. Two or more RTs (such as MRT plus one RT) capture at least part of the turn-response signal and exchange it. Find a TDOA between a reference point of the first # number (for example, the output signal) and a reference point of the reply signal at each known position (for example, at least two RTs, one of which can be MRT) Measurements. This time difference information is used to calculate the position of TT. The output signal and reply signal can follow the carrier sensitive multi-directional proximity_prevention 10 collision (CSMA-CA agreement). According to the CSMA-CA agreement, the output signal can be an RTS packet addressed to TT, and the reply signal can be a CTS packet sent by TT. The time between an RTS packet and a subsequent CTS packet can vary within some stated tolerance. In the WLAN environment, the IEEE 802.11 standard uses the CSMA-CA protocol with this special feature. One of the advantages of using the built-in 15 RTS / CTS features of the IEEE 802.11 standard is that it can be identified by the end device without the need for a special range of data. And without any special cooperation from TT. All device operations on an 802.11 wireless network require responses to RTS messages addressed to that device. In addition, even if the RTs do not respond to the RTS message, the RTs can receive RTS / CTS exchange related data and store such data. The rts / CTS 20 message exchange represents only one example of a useful signal according to the positioning measurement method described herein.

FIG. 4 shows a method 600 for obtaining position-related measurement data of ττ in an environment such as that shown in FIG. To help understand Figure 4, the signal transmitted by the device is indicated by a solid line, and the signal received by the device is indicated by a dotted line. As known from NS 16 200307141 up to four positions uru4, such as MRT and other RTS positions. Initially, Ns identifies the appropriate RTs for the measurement method. At step 610, it sends a "start measurement" message to the MRT and RTs, instructing the MRT and RTs to start T seconds (T is about 100 milliseconds) from the arrival time of the NS message to capture the ADC received signal data . It must be understood that if the terminal device transmitting the first signal is located in an unknown location, the “start measurement” message will be sent to the terminal device and other RTs used for the measurement method. 〇 Replace the memory after the NS “start measurement” message The fixed-time memory starts to capture signals. As explained in Figure 3 above, the pre- / post-processing features of the tap buffer 530 10 can be used for RTs (thus becoming variable triggers and eliminating memory in the memory). Body deployment needs). The MAC logic detects a first signal (such as RTS), and in response to detecting the first signal, sends a SB-TRIG signal, and the 1H signal is coupled to a buffer to store a sample after the start. Yet another alternative is to send the first letter of the MRT or other terminal device to coordinate the measurement, and send a "start measurement" message to the RTs instead of the NS, ready to perform the measurement. One advantage of the “start measurement” technique is that gRT * TT is far from MRT, and the far-end RT or TT will have a decrease in the signal / noise performance ratio in terms of the first signal. Therefore, if 111 ^ is known before measurement, its memory can be activated before the first signal / second signal exchange, allowing proper data capture. As described in Figure 7 below, appropriate noise averaging techniques can be used to handle weaker signals to determine the arrival measurement time. One of the techniques is to use the cross correlator length for the first and second signals (such as rTS and CTS). The long sound is long enough for RTS packets and CTS packets respectively, so weaker signals 17 200307141 are still available Handle it accurately. In the example described later, the first signal is an RTS packet / message, and the second signal is a CTS packet / message. However, as explained above, it is not necessary that the first signal is an rts packet and the second signal is a CTS packet. 5 In step 620, one second after the arrival time of the NS "Start Measurement" message arrives at the MRT or other terminal device that sent the first signal (informing the MRT and RTs of the measurement process), the MRT sends an RTS to the TT. The MRT must be notified when the RTS is sent. One of the methods is to capture digital data for storage in the memory. The digital data represents the RTS packet supplied to the DAC input (Figure 2) and the lifetime is 10 to the DAC. The delay from the input DAC to the antenna emission must be calculated for calibration. Various tuning techniques are known in the industry and will not be described here. In step 630, the TT responds to the RTS, and the TT sends a CTS packet to the MRT. As shown by reference numbers 640, 650, and 660, MRT and RTs receive and store the received signal data related to the RTS / CTS exchange in their memory, guessing a certain reference point of the 15 RTS and one of the responding CTS references point. Figure 4 shows the complete measurement time extending from the start of the RTS packet to the start of the subsequent CTS packet. In some cases, for IEEE 802.11a networks, this delay is 64 microseconds to 666 microseconds. However, the measurement interval need not be so long. As shown in Figure 4, the short measurement interval extends from 20 just before the end of the RTS packet to just after the start of the subsequent CTS packet. Using this short measurement day-to-day method, the MRT and each RT are measured from the RTS packet reference point (such as the end point) to the CTS packet reference point (such as the start point). The “excellent in this measurement period” is to reduce the amount of material stored in §memory body, which can reduce the memory deployment requirements. 18 200307141 Figures 5 and 6 show how to locate ττ 100, which is not Operate with the same communication standard as the MRT 230 or other terminal device that sends the first signal. For example, if the MRT 230 uses the ieee 802.11 protocol, the TT 100 may be any non-802.11 device. Ττ 100 can be installed for periodic or aperiodic transmission 5. The approximate transmission performance (scheduled or non-scheduled) of the TT 100 is determined by RT listening to the TT transmission over time. For example, ττ 100 can be a wireless phone, Bluetooth device, etc. that are periodically transmitted. Some wireless phones are about It is emitted every 10 milliseconds. Figure 5 shows the emission performance of ττ which is periodically emitted, and Figure 6 shows the emission performance of TT which is non-scheduled. 10 Periodic transmitter detection technology is disclosed in the joint review of the aforementioned spectral analysis engine. In addition, the signal classification technology based on the detected signal pulses is disclosed in a joint review and jointly assigned to the US application 10 / 246,364 'Application said September 18, 2002, entitled "System and method for signal classification signal of a band of" the case is incorporated by reference at this 15. Other technologies are known in the industry to determine the transmission performance of the device. When determining the transmission performance of TT (via signal classification or other technologies), the signaling technology used to locate ττ can be adjusted accordingly. For example, if it is determined that ττ has regular transmission performance and its transmission timing is determined, the first signal may be transmitted just before or after ττ transmission, allowing RTs to capture the first and second signals transmitted by TT 100 in its memory . Since the TT is a periodic transmission, the NS or MRT 230 (or other terminal device) knows when to alert the RTs to the approaching measurement cycle. Figure 5 shows that the first k was transmitted just before the TT transmission, so the measurement time interval can be extended from just before the MRT transmission to just after the TT transmission. At two or more known locations, the first signal of the TDOA relative to the MRT and the second signal of ΓΓ 200307141 information is obtained in a manner similar to that described above. The operation on Figure 4 (described later in detail) can then be performed in a similar manner to determine the location of the TT 100. Referring to FIG. 6, if it is determined that ττ 100 has a non-scheduled transmission performance, the first 5 signal may be a periodic signal such as an 802.11 tower interval. Even though the transmission time of ττ may be unpredictable, it is inevitable that there must be a time interval. At this time, the periodic first signal will be before or after the TT transmission. This time interval is sufficient to allow RTs to obtain TDOA measurement values. In addition, the use of a periodic first signal allows the NS or MRT (or other terminal device) to predict when the measurement time will occur.

After 10 seconds, 俾 remind RTs when to start capturing data. The advantage of the periodic first signal is that it can be used to locate any type of TT. Even if the terminal device sending the first signal does not know the communication protocol used by the TT, it cannot request a response such as RTS #. On the other hand, if the terminal device that sends the first signal is capable of communicating with TT using the TT protocol, the terminal device (such as wMRT 15 230) can transmit a packet, and TT returns the corresponding packet with an ACK packet. This exchange is available Comes from RTs to capture TDOA measurements. Figure 7 graphically shows the captured data for cross-correlation processing. The waveform correlation processing is executed on the processor, the main processor or the processor to interactively correlate the first signal and the second signal. 傀 屮 筮 1 1 The younger one signal (such as RTS) is received early. 20 The reference point and the second signal. (Eg CTs) the time difference between reference points. The measurement of TD0A is performed by cross-correlation of the received waveform with the reference waveform Wt of the RTS packet and the reference waveform sCTS⑴. This time is long enough to obtain a sufficient amount of SNR 'to capture some or all of the RTS or CTS and the arrival time of the reference point. -Once the value of 20 200307141 is determined for the arrival time measurement, TDOA calculation can be performed. Because the cross-correlator is implemented in software, the long-parent cross-correlation reference waveform can improve the measurement SNR, but it will not increase the silicon area / device cost and achieve the required noise average. The interactive correlator only needs to interactively associate with some RTS and CTS, such as the end point of RTS and the starting 5 points of CTS. For the measurement time difference, identify and mark a reference point in each packet (such as the RTS end point and the CTS start point) . When this cross-correlation processing is performed in the NS, the RTs can send the received signal data captured by them to the NS (sending by wired or wireless link). If the RTs partially perform the cross-correlation processing, they (borrowed the wired link or the wireless link) 10 send the operation value to the NS as {Ati}. The first right is a sample wMRT sent by a terminal device with a known location. The MRT uses a similar technique and reports the received receipts that are needed to obtain the Ati). The time difference between the arrival time of the CTS received as τ * ττ and the RTS arrival time of the MRT transmitted by the antenna _. L '1-1, ..., 4, the known positions of RTs (and optionally used MRT), NS solves the following formula to find the position of Tintin: IUi_u | bu II unn I bu C (t-Δι ) = 〇, Η, ... 4 ⑴

Here C is the speed of light, and αττ transmits the sundial. If ττ can respond to the output message from MRT 20, or TT is another type of device that transmits signals periodically or aperiodically, the same process can be performed. The industry knows many ways to solve this problem. Turning to Fig. 8, a method involves finding a multi-dimensional non-linear function F ⑻ zero P * of four variables p ,, y, z, t]. It is used for range measurement. _ The method is to linearize f⑻ ~ 20032003141 as follows: F (Pk + p) »F (pk) + J (Pk) p, where J (pk) is the F evaluated in pk Jacobian, then use Newton iteration to solve F⑻ = 〇: 5 Pk + i ^ Pk-JCPky'FCpk) (2) F's private style (1) Each bien is shown in Figure 8. Use this iterative approach to produce a single-site solution. To obtain measurement accuracy of lm or more, a total system timing error of at most 3 nanoseconds is required. NS must take into account the geometric dilution (GDOP) of 10 accuracy due to poor Jacobian matrix conditions. The standard deviation of the range estimate due to < 31) 〇1 > If the variation of the measured range is too large, the experiment can be repeated with a different set of RTs to improve the accuracy. Note that there is no need to process the complete RTS and CTS packets, as long as enough packets are processed to reach the scheduled chat. 15 Another way to solve equation (1) is a closed form method, which is

Where two candidate solutions are obtained. Various closed-form approaches are known in the industry. Examples of closed-form measures are described in the report "False range measurement processing: GPS single-point positioning correctness and iterative deduction rules", N · Cr0cett0, et al., Workshop International Cooperation and Transfer Proceedings_ISPRS Committee V 一 ™ One, -All Internal = incorporated here by way. The technique of selecting the closed form method to generate one of the two candidate positions will be described later on Figure 10. The basic positioning measurement principle described in the J article can adjust the measurement conditions. Under this measurement condition, the TDOA measurement only needs to be performed at three or less than two known positions. 22 200307141 The coordinates of y- ^ are known (For example, the vertical positions 詈, 底板, 认, ；, ；, ；, ；, ；, ；, ；, ；, ；, ；, ；, ；, ；, ；, 二, ；, 二, 二 ', OA, OA, 二, 二, 二, 二, 二, 二, 二, 二, 二, 二, 二, 二, 二, 二, 二, 二, 二', '2') In addition, the animal TT is a cooperative device and requires three-dimensional spatial position measurement for 5 days ^ Only TDOA measurement needs to be performed on three known *. Cooperative TT can capture the signal data of the receiver, and perform TDOA measurement such as uuJ / c, + A measurement can be included in the operation of equation ，, where △ ^ is captured by ττ. The measured value of TD0a from the material V (this example assumes that the MRT sends the first letter No. 1). In this way, the equation system provides another equation. In some conditions, only the TDOA measurements at two known locations are needed to set the measurement. For example, when one of the coordinates of the TT is known (such as its vertical position) and Tintin is a cooperative device (in this example, it is assumed that the MRT sends the first signal again). Table 1 above lists various measurement possibilities based on what information is available. . 15 Solving the confusion of positions Since the solution system of the equation system consists of two circles or three ball intersections, equation (1) actually has two solutions to U. Figure 9 shows a block diagram of the terminal devices (MRT, RT, and / or TT) that are useful in the method changes shown in Figure 4. These terminal devices can be used to perform the hypothesis 20 test to solve equation (1) Confused location. The block diagram of Figure 9 is similar to the block diagram of Figure 2, but the terminal device has multiple (for example, two or more) antennas 312 (1), 312 (2) to 312 (N), and multiple (for example, two Or more) wireless receivers 308 (1), 308 (2) to 308 (N), each of which can process the signal of one of the corresponding antennas. If rT is also MRT or TT, it includes multiple wireless transmitters 310 (1), 310 (2) to 310 (N :) of the corresponding antenna. A method of deploying a plurality of wireless receivers and wireless transmitters is based on a multiple-in-multiple-out (MIMO) wireless transceiver, which is shown in reference number 311. In addition, a selective composite beam forming (CBF) processing 33 at the base frequency 320 is used to generate 5 and apply transmission weights to the signal to be transmitted, and receive weights to the received signal. Further details of the CBF processing are described in US Patent Application No. 10 / 174,728, which is jointly assigned and under review, with a filing date of June 19, 2002, entitled "Antenna Diversity System and Method Using Joint Maximum Ratio Combinations"; US Patent No. 10 / 174,689, application dated June 19, 2002, titled "Antenna Diversity System and Method Using the Maximum Ratio Combining of Equal Gain 10 Benefits"; US Patent No. 10 / 064,482, Application Date July 18, 2002 , Titled "System and Method for Joining Maximum Ratio Combinations Using Time Domain Signal Processing", the full text of each case is incorporated herein by reference. In short, the CBF method can obtain and apply transmission weights to component signals (of one or more transmitted signals), which are simultaneously sent to another device through 15 antennas. In the same way, the CBF processing determines and adds the reception weight to the component signal (of one or more received signals) received by another device through the respective antenna. For example, an example of a MIMO wireless transceiver is disclosed in US Patent Application No. 10 / 065,388, which is currently under joint review and co-examination. The application was issued on October 11, 2002 under the name "Multiple Input, Multiple Output Wireless Transceiver." Ways are incorporated here. If MRT, RT, and TT are beam-forming, the measurement process shown in Figure 4 can use different transmission weights. KMRT (when transmitting RTS) and ττ (when transmitting CTS) are repeated multiple times to simulate multi-channel effects. . In addition, a device having a plurality of antennas and a plurality of receivers can calculate the relative amplitude and phase of the signals (such as the first signal and the second signal) received by each antenna. 24 200307141 Knowing the closed form solution of formula (1), two candidate positions of TT are obtained, which are called position and u0 ′. Referring to Fig. 10, the hypothesis test will be described. Using the MRT 230 with multiple antennas (for example, two antennas) 312 (1) and 312 (2), the appropriate one of the two solutions of equation (1) is selected. The MRT 230 generates two transmitting antennas 5 vectors wG and wQ 'associated with its antenna. The vector wG indicates the ray to the position Uq, the vector Wg, and the index beam to the position uG '. The MRT 230 then selects the position that produces the highest received signal strength, as seen through the corresponding antenna beam. Especially if the position of the MRT is Ul, then the MRT calculates the quantity | < im, wG > | / [|| Ul || || w〇 丨 丨] and the number 丨 < Ui, w〇 '> I / [II m 丨 | II w〇 'II]. If the amount of w0 is large, u0 is the solution, and if no, 10 'ho' is the solution. The technique of generating a weighted guided beam from a specific position of a complex antenna (or antenna array) device is well known in the industry, and therefore will not be described here. In some cases (such as when the position is perpendicular to the MRT antenna), this angle of arrival technology may not be effective, but a number of other technologies known in the industry (and therefore not described here) can be used to solve by the second solution Niche. 15 Referring again to FIGS. 9 and 10, another technique for selecting an appropriate position among candidate positions u0 or u0, will be described. According to this technique, the ττ position is patterned into a random vector U, and the position can appear at any position with the same probability or u0. Some basic definitions and assumptions are as follows. Yes] ^^ RTs, then ^ to ^^ are marked as RI > Each RT has a plurality of antennas to receive at least the signal. In particular, it can store 1 ^ transmit signal (previously called "second signal") and receive it at Information about its multiple antennas. The channel response between the RTi and TT complex antennas is determined based on the TT position U. H = r (U, Ui) is the "candidate channel response vector" between Ding Ding and Ding Ding, and is a function of 1; and 屮. Because U is random and H is a separate random vector, it is r (U (), Ui) or r (UQ ,, Ui). Due to the definition, the position of rt 25 200307141 (and especially the positions of the RTi antennas) is known, so the distance between the TT antennas of each candidate U0 and U0 and the antennas of RTi are known. Assuming the line of sight (LOS) between TT and RT !, using this information to train the candidate position of TT, this information can be used to calculate the candidate channel response vector of RTi ((M,%), r (Uc ,, Ui) . For 5 non-LOS environments, the LOS channel is used as an estimate. G = H + N = r (U, Ui) + N is the channel response between TT and RTi (observed by the interference of the estimated noise, estimated as Gaussian), and it is a discrete random vector. The discrete random The vector is a function of TT position and Ri ^ position. Observed the response to the channel response & Ding to Igi, determined by the second signal received by each antenna of TT at RTi through amplitude and phase measurement) 10. Each RT does not need to have the same number (M) of antennas. Assuming the positions UG and U〇 'are calculated using the aforementioned TDOA information, the channel response observed by the MRTs collected from the data collection processing described in Figure 4 above is reported to $: gi = G (U, uA. ^ GfGOJ, uN). In addition, two 15 candidate channel response vectors r (u0, Ui), r (UQ ,, Ui :) are calculated for each ton. NS selection can be at u = {ug, Ug ’} to maximize the conditional probability:

The position U of Pr (U = u |, §n! U) pr ^ U ^ u) f〇 (gi,, §ν) is taken as the TT position. Head denominator is with u. Or the choice of V is irrelevant, so the denominator can be ignored. The pr (U = u) factor of the numerator can also be ignored, because the factor is constant 20 and 0.5. Therefore, maximizing the aforementioned expression to u is relative to maximizing the following formula: ^ G | u (§l,, §νΙ I u (§''h1 gN-hN | u) = ίΝ (Β, Λ,, gN -hN)

Jg Guang M2 | gN-hN | 2 26 200307141 Since the noise N is assumed to be Gaussian, it follows the last equation. Therefore, using this equation, maximizing the aforementioned probability to {u〇, UG,} is equivalent to selecting Uo or 110, which obtains the observed channel response vector gi and the candidate channel response for i = 1 to N. The sum of the squares of the Euclidean distances between the vectors hi is minimized to 5, which minimizes Σ || hrgi || 2 / 2cr. For some purposes, NS can only select the angle of arrival information, excluding the distance information carried by g and h. In this case, NS can normalize the vectors gi and hi, so for i = i to n and j = i to μ, I hU 丨 = I gy I, so ignore the amplitude relationship between gi and hi, and only use ( Angle of arrival). When the vectors gi and hi are unregulated, the RTs which are closer to the actual position of TT are larger than the contribution of the total sum of Xie when they are unregulated. Referring again to Figures 9 and 10, another technique for removing positional confusion is based on the angle of arrival (eg, phase) information obtained from each RTS involved in position measurement. For example, if RT has multiple antennas, when rt receives a second signal from ττ 15 at each antenna, RT can generate relative phase information at each antenna. The phase information used for each RT can specify the reliability as a number for the two candidate positions of the rt perspective. A k-degree score is a "soft" decision that changes between two values (for example, to 1) or a hard decision (for example, 0 or 1). Find the total score of all ^^^ reliability scores to get the total score, and choose one of the 20 candidate positions for the TT actual position. When the MRT or TT has multiple antennas, similar to the block diagram shown in Figure 9, there is another change. In order for the MRT to measure the transmission time of the first signal (if the MRT is the terminal for transmitting the first signal), the mRT can use one antenna path to transmit the first signal and use another path to receive the first signal at the same time, 27 200307141 and The ADC sample of the first signal is stored in its memory. Similarly, Cocoa uses one antenna path to transmit the second signal, while using another path to receive the second signal at the same time, and stores its ADC samples in its memory. In addition, τ can store the digital input used to transmit the second signal to its DAC ^ 5 of its memory. Figures 11 and 12 show other ways to obtain the reference time difference of the measured value. 俾 Perform the position calculation shown in Figure 4 above. Refer again to Table 1 above. In Figure 11, RT, such as MRT 230, has at least four antennas 312 (1), 312 (2), 312 (3), and 312 (4) and multiple wireless receivers, so as shown in Figure 9 of Figure 10 above. As described above, the second signal can be measured separately from each antenna (for example, m two packets). The time of arrival at each antenna of the MRT can be used for measurement calculations. In these cases, no other RT is required for measurement processing. In Figure 12, there are two RTs 200 or 210, each of which has two antennas. TDOA measurement values can be obtained from each & Dingzhi antenna (four measurements in total) and used for positioning calculations. 15 As explained in Table 1, in Figures 11 and 12, if TT has a target (such as vertical position (z)) is known and TT is a cooperative device, the measured values can be obtained at the two antennas of RT and used to Calculate the other two coordinates (such as 乂 and magic). The results can all obtain TDOA measurements in a single device. In addition, MRT23 can also use one of its two or more antennas to transmit the first signal for measurement processing, or 20 Receive the first signal at the other two or more antennas (where the second "sign" from TT will also be received). So the entire positioning measurement process can begin with a single device. Further, a single device such as MRT 23 can Perform the positioning calculation processing of cross-correlation processing, so you can get D08 measurement, and find the position of TT in a single device. In addition, multiple antennas RT (such as MRT) can send the captured received signal data or TDOA data to 28 200307141. NS, perform necessary calculation processing there. Refer to Figure 13 to explain the processing of terminal devices located outside the normal coverage. It is expected that TT 100 will occasionally be included in at least one of the RTs. 5 Outside, or the RT is too far away from the MRT 230 and a strong detection of the first signal of the MR Ding 230 (such as RTS) is also reasonable. MRT 230 and RTs 200, 210, and 220 are based on cross-correlation-based detectors Under low SNR conditions, the detection probability of South RTS and CTS packets can be improved. Figure 13 shows that the worst case distance between ττ 100 and RT is about six times the distance between TT 100 and MRT 230. 10 In indoor environments The six-fold distance penalty corresponds to an SNR penalty of about 25 decibels. Therefore, the cross-correlation packet length of RTS packets and CTS packets is long enough to provide sufficient noise average to compensate for the SNR degradation of the cross-correlator output. Use 20 million Hertz noise bandwidth requires 10 Λ (〇1 * 25) / 2 megahertz = 15 · 8 microseconds of cross-correlator packet bandwidth to get 25 decibels s NR increase 15 liters. The shortest packet of RTS The length is 24 microseconds at 54 Mbpsg for IEEE 802.11a links, and 52 microseconds at 6 Mbps for 802.11a links. 20 megahertz noise bandwidth is used for OFDM to provide the SNR of the cross-correlator. The increase is 10 * 10g (6400/50) = 25.6 dB. Figure 14 shows the result of the position measurement technique described here. An example of a cover map 20. The cover map integrates the locations of multiple devices into a single area, such as an office space. The cover map shows where she and stAs are located, as well as uncovered areas and interference areas. There are many applications of positioning measurement technology. One application is related to the location of the problem or security vulnerability, which is particularly useful for large-scale complex 29 WLANs. For example, if the device is measured to operate in WlaN without authorization, it can be determined that its location does not enable the device. Wlan APs may attempt to use an identifier [such as an unauthorized service set identifier (SSID)] to become active in an existing WLAN environment. When this kind of Ap starts to transmit 5, its SSID can be captured and compared with the database of valid SSID to determine whether it is a valid AP. If it is not a valid AP, it can be determined that the AP cannot be located. Similarly, if another device, such as a scam device STA, is disguised as a valid STA in combination with the STA, and the MAC address of the valid STA is used, the technology can be used to determine whether the signal pulse side picture matches the signal pulse side picture of the valid STA (based on Stored data). If there is a mismatch, the scam STA can be found and disabled. Yet another application uses position positioning as an indicator of whether a device is a valid device or a control device. For example, when a WLAN inside a building or foundation is assembled on the outside of a building's normal perimeter, a so-called "parking lot" will appear attached to the WLAN, and security information may be leaked to the limited network 15 server. All Wi-Fi devices can be tracked. If a device is outside a predetermined boundary, an alarm may be generated indicating that an unauthorized device may be located on the WLAN. Figure 14 shows an example of a small icon displayed on the coverage map, where the device is made outside the boundary (denoted by reference number 1000). Action can be taken to enable the device. In addition, if it is determined that the position of a device is outside the predetermined boundary, a request is sent to the device. If the device can provide an appropriate pass code, the device is allowed to further roam the normal coverage area of the WLAN. Similarly, the location of the interference source (of any signal type) can be located using the techniques described here. When locating the interference source, actions can be taken to prevent the area from being interfered by other devices, or to disable the device. Another application of the positioning measurement method is that WLAn's APs can locate themselves and other APs by obtaining TDOA measurements of two or two other APs at known locations. Even if the location is unknown, the AP can initialize the positioning measurement process (and send the first signal), as long as it can obtain a sufficient number of TDOA measurements at two or more known locations. When new AP positioning measurements are obtained, other APs whose location is unknown can explore other APs located at known locations to locate themselves. To e, a method is provided based on a first time difference between the arrival of a tenth signal at a first known location and the arrival of a second signal transmitted by a target device at a second known location, and based on a second At least a second time difference between the arrival of the first signal at the known position and the arrival of the second signal at the second known position, and a method for determining the positioning of a target device capable of transmitting a radio frequency signal. The first signal and the second signal may be periodic or non-periodic. The first signal can be transmitted from a known location or an unknown location, and even from a known location where the second signal is received. Based on the measurable information of the target device, two TDOA measurements can be made at two known locations, or up to four measurements'. In addition, depending on the type of positioning calculation method used, two candidate positions can be generated, and the correct position can be selected using a number of techniques described herein, or cut measurements can be obtained at known positions beyond the margin. On the other hand, several position operation processing such as iterative processing operation order-positioning solution. Jin Chuzhuang also states that a system is used to determine the eyepiece system that can transmit wireless radio frequency signals. The system includes first and second radio frequency receivers located at first and second known positions, respectively. 31 200307141 natural radio frequency signal of two known positions; and an arithmetic device which can calculate the time difference between the arrival of the first signal at the first known position and the arrival of the first call signal transmitted by the target device at the first known position And at least a second time difference of 5 between the first k-number arrival at the second known position and the second signal arrival at the second known position to determine the location of the target device. The changes described in this method also apply to this system. Further details are the processor-readable media, which stores instructions' when the instructions are executed causes the processor to perform arithmetic steps based on the arrival of the first signal received at the first location and the first signal received at the first known location The first time difference between the arrival of the 10th signal and the arrival of the second signal transmitted by the target device at the first known position, and the arrival of the first signal at least the second known position and the arrival of the second signal at the second known position At least a second time difference between the two is to find the location of the target device that can transmit the radio frequency signal. The changes described in this method also apply to processor-readable media layout formats. 15 A radio frequency device further includes a radio frequency receiver that receives radio frequency signals; an analog / digital converter (ADC) that is coupled to the radio receiver and converts the analog received signal output by the radio receiver into a digital signal, A memory is coupled to the ADC, the memory is responsive to the memory storage signal and stores the digital signal output by the ADC; and a processor is coupled to the memory and coupled to the ADC, which generates a memory storage signal so that The memory stores ADC output data, and the ADC output data is associated with the radio frequency and receives at least one of the two signals related to the position measurement operation to locate the target device. The method and many variations described in the system are also applicable to radio frequency devices. 32 200307141 The preceding description is for illustrative purposes only. [Schematic description] Figure 1 is a block diagram of the wireless environment, in which the positioning measurement of each terminal device in the network can be used. 5 Figure 2 is an example block diagram of a terminal device that can be used with the positioning measurement techniques described herein. Figure 3 is a block diagram of a component that can be used in a terminal device, where the component has a memory to store useful materials for the positioning and measurement system described herein. 10 Figure 4 is a timing diagram showing the process of collecting positioning measurement data to locate the target terminal device (TT). Figures 5 and 6 are timing diagrams showing the technique of locating the target terminal device. The terminal device does not need to follow the same communication protocol rules as the master reference terminal device (MRT). 15 Figure 7 is a timing diagram showing the cross-correlator waveform length relative to the received waveform to be identified. Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram showing the equation of the position of the terminal device using the measured time of arrival difference. Figure 9 is a block diagram of another type of terminal device, which has 20 antennas and can be used to enhance positioning measurement technology. Figure 10 is a block diagram showing one of two possible positions of the target terminal device relative to the reference device (RT). Figures 11 and 12 are block diagrams of other possible positioning measurement configurations using a terminal device with multiple antennas. 33 200307141 Figure 13 is a schematic diagram showing a situation where the target terminal device is outside the normal coverage of the reference device or main reference device. Figure 14 is a schematic diagram showing a coverage map of a wireless network that can be formed using the techniques described herein. [Representative symbol table of main components of the drawing] 10 ... Radio frequency environment 348 ... Interface 100 ... Target terminal device 350 ... Host device 200 '210' 220 ... Reference terminal device 352 ... Main processor 23 〇 ·· Master Bo ►Test terminal 354 ... Interaction processing 308 ... RF receiver 430 ... Position calculation processing 309 ... Switch 400 ... Network server 310 ... RF transmitter 410 ... Processor 312 ... Antenna 42〇 ... Interrelation processing 320 ... Base frequency section 50.00 ... Anytime spectrum analysis engine 322 ... Analog / digital converter 510 ... Spectrum analyzer 324 ... Digital / analog converter 520 ... Signal debt measurement 326 ... RF interface 530 ... Pick buffer 328 ... Fundamental frequency physical block 540 ... Universal signal synchronizer 330 ... Composite beam shaping processing 550 ... DPR 332 ... Memory 560 ... Proximity control logic 340 ... Embedded processor 570 ... Control register 342 ... Interaction processing 580 ... Memory interface 344 ... ROM 600 ... Processing 346 ... RAM 610-660 ... Step 34

Claims (1)

The scope of patent application: 1. A device that determines a target device can transmit a hot-line radio frequency signal. This method is based on a first signal reaching a known position and a second signal transmitted by the target device. Now, my younger brother is known—m silk in—the second—Xinlangliu second known—the younger brother— 仏 has reached at least the second known location—the first position. Ding Jianzuo 2. If the scope of patent application No. 丨The method of item 1 further includes a step of issuing a number. ° 10 3. The method of item 2 of the scope of patent application, further including the step of transmitting the first signal from the first-known position. 4 · If the scope of patent application is second The method further includes transmitting the first signal from an unknown location. 15 5 For example, the method of the second item of the patent scope, in which the item is sent periodically ^ th L 5 tiger and wherein the transmitting step includes when the target device Transmit the first signal before the time point when the second signal is transmitted. 6. For example, please call the method in the second item of the patent, where the target device periodically sends 20 = first call, and where the step of transmitting includes when the target device sends The first signal is transmitted after the time point of the first application number. 7. The method of item 2 in the scope of patent application, wherein the transmitting step includes periodically transmitting the first signal. 8_ ^ The method in the oldest scope of patent application, further comprising receiving at least The step of the part knife at the second known position, and the step of receiving at least part of the second signal at the -known position and at the second known position. 35 200307141 The step includes the step of measuring at least part of the second signal from the target device at the first known position, and cutting the second known position to prepare for measuring at least part of the first signal and at least part of the second signal. 5 10 15 20 10. The method according to item 9 of the patent application scope, wherein the detection step includes cross-correlation-received waveform and a reference waveform. N. 2 The method according to item 8 of the patent scope, further includes a storage receiving unit \ The step of receiving the first signal-related information and receiving a part of the second signal-related information at the younger-known location; and storing at least part of the second signal-related information at the first known location ° 12 · = Please refer to the method of item 11 of the patent scope. The further step includes transmitting the lean material stored in the known location of the brother and the data stored in the second known location to one of the operation steps. . R is the method called in the scope of patent application, wherein the step of storing in the second known location is performed in response to the number made in the second known location. ° 14. If the method in the scope of patent application, The step of storing at the first known location further includes storing the relevant information of receiving at least part of the first signal at the first known location. 15. If the method of claim 14 of the scope of patent application is applied, it is stored at the first The step of knowing the position is performed in response to detecting the number of the-known position. 16. The method according to item 14 of the scope of patent application, wherein the saving step is in response to receiving the message at the first-known position and the second-known position, and notifying the first and second positions of 36 200307141 etc. Two signals. The method of η = item 'its / the transmitting step includes transmitting a 5 10 15 20: a first signal addressed to the target device; and wherein the target device transmits a second great number in response to receiving the first signal. 18 = Please refer to the method of item 17 of the patent, wherein the step of transmitting the -signal includes the transmission-signal, which will require the target device to transmit a confirmation signal when the target device receives the -product. 19. The method of item 2 of the benefit range, wherein the transmission of a first signal is a request-to-send (RTS) signal; and wherein the target = is sent in response to receiving the RTS signal—understand sending (1 tongue number). The method of applying for the scope of patent application of Guarau, wherein the three-dimensional determination of the target device = of: the species coordinates are known; and it makes the decision step include based on, the second time difference, and the first letter and the target device _ Erxin _ ^ _ & positioning of the two-project & device. 21.7 The method of claim 20 of the patent, which further includes a step of determining the time difference between the arrival of the first letter 7 and the second signal from the target device. Brother 22 · If the method of applying for the scope of item No. of the patent application, wherein the target device of ^ -species is assumed to be known; and wherein the decision step includes the first time difference, the first: the known you ^ Only 1 difference and the time difference between the arrival of Brother I-Brother-known location and Brother Ericsson_ reach the third known location to determine the positioning of the target device. — 37 200307141 further includes receiving at least a portion of No. 4 at the third known location. No. 23 Rushen The method of item 22 of the patent includes the first signal and at least part of the step. 10 15 20 f The method of item 1, wherein the shirt step includes the base time, the second time difference, and the-signal arrives- The third time between the "first, position" and the third known position: and the fourth time difference between when the first signal arrives at the target position and the second signal is transmitted by the target clothing, and the target device is located. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining step includes based on the elder brother-time i, the second time difference, the first signal reaching a second known position and the second signal reaching a third known position The third time between time = and the first signal reaches the fourth known position and the second signal reaches the fourth known position of the town. Hq ¥ μ The fourth-day difference between the four signals and the nose out of the target device location. 26. The method of claim 25, further comprising the step of receiving at least part of the first signal and at least part of the second signal at a third known position, and receiving at least part of the first signal and at least part of the second signal to A step of the fourth known position. 27. The method of claim 2, wherein the transmitting step includes transmitting the first signal by multiple antennas of the device multiple times, each time using a different transmitting antenna weight. 28. For example, the method of claim 2 in the patent scope, wherein the transmitting step includes transmitting the first signal by the first antenna of the device located at the -known position, and receiving the first signal at the device located at the first known position. Second 38 200307141 The transmission time of a signal at the first known position. The method of item 1 further includes the following steps: the antenna transmits the second signal and receives the second antenna, and determines the second signal to the target device. The method of claiming the second item of the patent scope, wherein the transmitting step includes transmitting the first signal by one of the first antenna and the second antenna of the device located at the-known position. -The antenna system corresponds to the 10th position, and the second antenna system corresponds to the second position. 1. The method as claimed in item 30 of the δ month patent scope, wherein the three-dimensional positioning of the target device is assumed to be known; and the determination step includes the first time difference, the second time difference, and the first time difference. -The third time difference between the signal reaching the target device and the target device transmitting a second signal to determine the positioning of the target device. 15 20 Antenna, decide the 29th time when the patent application scope is No. 1 of the target device at the target device's first launch time. 32. The method of claim 30, wherein a coordinate of a kind in the three-dimensional positioning of the target device is assumed to be known; and wherein the step of determining includes based on the first time difference, the second time difference, and the first signal arrival The third time difference between the third antenna of the device and the third signal of the third antenna of the device arrives at the target device. A method for applying for a full-time enrollment project, such as the step of ambiguity, including the first time difference, the second time difference, the first signal reaching a third known position, and the second signal reaching a third known position. The three time differences and the fourth time difference between the fourth signal-finished fourth antenna and the second signal arriving at the fourth antenna of the device are used to calculate the position of the target device. 34. If the oldest method in the scope of patent application, further includes the step of detecting the start of the second signal at the first known position and the second known position. 35. If the method according to item 34 of the scope of patent application, the further step includes the step of detecting and ending the first signal at a position which is at least the second known position and the second known position: and the decision step includes an operation The first time difference and the second time difference are the time difference between the end of the first signal and the start of the second signal. 10 坻 2 Please request the method of the first item of the patent scope, which further includes transmitting-messaging the first known position and the second known position, and reminding it to measure the arrival of the first signal and the second signal. 15 37. The method according to item 36 of the scope of patent application, further comprising the time interval corresponding to the brother-signal / second handshaking, capturing the data signal received at the first-known position and the second known position step. 38. The method according to item 1 of the patent application scope, further comprising the step of determining whether the target device is a valid device operating on the wireless network based on its location. 20 39 = The method of applying for the first item in the scope of patent application, in which the determining step generates target positions of the second and second candidates for the target clothing, and the step further includes selecting a candidate one candidate position, A step as the location of the target device. 40. The method of claim 39, wherein the selecting step includes: a. Calculating the second signal based on a plurality of 40 200307141 antennas received at the first known position and the second known position respectively. Observed channel responses between the target device and multiple antennas located at each of the first known position and the second known position; b. For at least the first and second known positions and the first and fifth respectively Calculate candidate channel responses between multiple antennas at two candidate positions; and c. Select one of the first candidate position and the second candidate position, which can minimize the observation of the first known position and the second known position, respectively. The sum of squared Euclidean distances between the obtained channel response and the candidate channel response. 41. The method of claim 40, wherein the selecting step further includes a step of normalizing the observed channel response and candidate channel response to 1. 42. The method of claim 39, wherein the selecting step includes separately identifying the first known position and the second known position, and it is practical to generate one of the candidate positions based on the second signal arrival angle from the target device. A step of reliability measurement of the 15th position; and a step of combining the reliability measurement of at least the first known position and the second known position, and selecting the candidate position with the largest total reliability measurement. 43. The method according to item 1 of the scope of patent application, further comprising the steps of determining the emission performance of the target device, and transmitting the first signal according to the emission performance of the target device. 44. The method according to item 43 of the scope of patent application, further comprising a step of classifying the target device based on the emission of the target device; and wherein the step of transmitting the first signal is based on the classification step. 45. — A system that determines the location of one of the target devices capable of transmitting radio frequency signals 41 200307141 The system includes: a. The first radio frequency receiver and the second radio frequency receiver are located at a known location and a second radio frequency receiver, respectively. Know the position, and receive the radio frequency signal at the first known position and the second known position; and b. The computing device, which is reached by a first signal from the first known position and the target device transmits Day-to-day difference between two signals reaching the first-known position gate, and at least one second-day difference between the first signal reaching the second known position and the second signal reaching the second known position Show the location of the target device. 46. The system according to item 45 of the scope of patent application, further comprising a first memory and a second 'memory body' respectively associated with the first radio frequency receiver and the second radio frequency receiver, and each of them is stored when the-signal is received. Data associated with at least part of the first signal, and data associated with at least part of the second signal when the second signal is received. The system according to item 46 of the patent application scope further includes a first processor and a second processor respectively associated with the first and second memories, each of which is stored in the first and second memories. The first signal and the second signal are processed by the first processor to calculate the first time difference between the first signal reaching the first known position and the second signal reaching the first known position. Time difference; wherein the second processor calculates the second time difference as the time difference between the first signal reaching the second known position and the second signal reaching the second known position. 48. If the line of the 46th scope of the patent application is applied, the operation section receives the miscellaneous stored in the -memory and the second dragon, and performs the correlation 42 200307141 processing, and the first signal and the second signal are detected. The signals reach the first known position and the second known position, respectively, and the first time difference and the second time difference are obtained. 49. The system of item 46 of the patent application, wherein each of the first memory and the second memory has a storage capacity to store only a portion of the first signal sufficient to capture the end point of the first signal, and a portion of the storage sufficient to capture the second signal. The second signal of the starting point. 50. The system of claim 45, further comprising a third radio frequency receiver at a third known position, the third radio frequency receiver receiving the L th signal and the second signal; wherein the computing device is based on The first time difference, the second time, and the third time difference are used to determine the location of the target device. 15 Μ · The system of claim 50, further comprising a fourth radio frequency receiver at a fourth known position, the receiver can receive the first signal and the second signal; wherein the computing device is based on the first signal —Time difference, second time gate difference S — B interval difference and fourth time difference to find the position of the target device. 52t = System 45 of the range item 'further includes-radio frequency transmission so that it can transmit the first signal. 20 53. If the system of the 52nd item of the patent application is filed, the following: * 户% of a household * /, 〒 忒 RF transmitter transmitting surface request transmission (RTS) signal, and the target clothes are sent, ^ 1-4 Learn about sending (CTS) signals. 54 · = Please refer to the system of item 45 of the range, in which the radio frequency transmitter transmits. The tiger with an information request responds to the first-signal signal from the target 43 2003007i4l device. The second signal is a confirmation signal. 55. The system of claim 52, wherein the radio frequency transmitter transmits the first signal as a periodic signal. 5 56. Please refer to item 52 of the patent scope, wherein the radio frequency transmitter transmits the first signal before or after the second signal. 57. ^ The system of claim 52 of patent application scope, further comprising-the radio frequency receiver and the radio frequency transmitter are located at a third known position, wherein the radio frequency receiver receives the second signal transmitted by the target device; and The different operation device calculates the location of the target device based on the first time difference, the second time difference, and a second time difference between the transmission of the first signal 0 from the second position and the arrival of the second signal to the third position. % · If the system of claim 45 is applied, the computing device further determines whether the target device is a valid device operating on a wireless network based on the location of the target device. 15 $ · If the system of claim 45 is applied for, the computing device generates first and second candidate positions for the item display device, and selects one of the first candidate position and the second candidate position as the target device. Actual location. 60. The system according to item 59 of the scope of patent application, wherein the computing device further includes calculating the target device based on the second signal received by a plurality of antennas respectively at the first known position and the second known position. Response to observed channels between multiple antennas located at the first known position and the second known position; at least one of the first and second known positions and one of the first and first candidate positions Between multiple antennas, calculate the candidate channel response 44 200307141; and select one of the first candidate position and the second candidate position, which can minimize the observed channel response to the first known position and the second known position, respectively Sum of squared Euclidean distances from responses to candidate channels. 61. The system of claim 59, wherein the computing device includes a first known position and a second known position, and one of the candidate positions is generated based on the second signal arrival angle from the target device. A step of combining the reliability measurements of the actual location; and a step of combining the reliability measurements of at least the first known location and the second known location, and selecting a candidate location with the largest total reliability measurement. 10 62. — A radio frequency device comprising: a. — A wireless receiver that receives radio frequency signals; b. — An analog / digital converter (ADC) that is coupled to the radio frequency receiver and the radio frequency receiver The output analog signal is converted into a digital signal; 15 c. A memory coupled to the ADC, and in response to a signal stored in the memory, stores the digital signal output by the ADC; and d. A processor , Which is coupled to the memory and to the ADC, which generates the memory storage signal and allows the memory to store the data output by the ADC. The output data is associated with two of the two signals obtained by the RF receiver. At least one of the signals is associated with a positioning measurement operation to locate a target device. 63. The wireless radio frequency device according to item 62 of the patent application, wherein the processor generates the memory storage signal in response to detecting the first signal received by the radio frequency receiver. 45 200307141 64. The wireless radio frequency device according to item 63 of the patent application, wherein the processor generates a memory storage signal, so that the memory storage is associated with the first signal received by the radio frequency receiver, and the radio frequency is to be transmitted by the radio frequency after the first signal. Information about the second signal received by the receiver. 5 65. The wireless radio frequency device according to item 62 of the patent application scope, wherein the processor generates the memory storage signal in response to decoding the data of the signal received by the radio frequency receiver, and the data informs the device that it wants to transmit. The first signal and the second signal are related to an upcoming positioning measurement operation. 66. For example, a radio frequency (RF) device according to item 65 of the patent application, wherein the processor 10 generates a memory storage signal, and allows the memory to store data at a time sufficient to capture the first signal and the second signal. 67. For example, a wireless radio frequency device according to item 62 of the patent application, wherein the processor interacts with the information related to the at least one signal stored in the memory and the arrival of the signal detected by the reference signal. 15 68. If the radio frequency device according to item 67 of the patent application scope, wherein the processor interacts with the first signal and the second signal related data and reference data stored in the memory and is received by the radio frequency receiver, the detected The first and second signals arrive separately. 69. The radio frequency device according to item 67 of the patent application, wherein the processor 20 calculates a time difference between the arrival of the first signal and the arrival of the second signal. 70. For a radio frequency device with a patent scope of 65, wherein the memory has a capacity sufficient to store the end portion of the first signal received by the free radio frequency receiver and received by the radio frequency receiver after the first signal Obtain the information of the beginning of the second signal. 46 200307141 71 · The wireless radio frequency device according to item 62 of the patent application, further comprising an RF transmitter and a digital / analog converter (DAC) coupled to the processor, wherein the processor supplies a digital signal to the DAC to be converted into Analog signals are transmitted by radio frequency transmitters. 72. The wireless radio frequency device of claim 71, wherein the processor supplies a digital signal to the DAC, and the digital signal represents a first signal to be transmitted by the radio frequency transmitter for positioning measurement operation. 73. The radio frequency device of claim 72, wherein the processor instructs the device to transmit a first signal in response to decoding the data from the received signal to generate a digital signal representing the first signal. 4. As in the case of Shenqing's patent No. 73, the radio transmission device, in which the processor generates the memory signal, and allows the memory to store the material associated with a second signal, the second signal will be transmitted by radio frequency The receiver receives it for positioning operations. 75. For example, in the case of wireless radio transmission in item 74 of the patent application scope, the processor differs from the time difference between the transmission of the first signal and the arrival of the second signal. 76. If the radio frequency device of the scope of application for the patent No. 62, further includes a plurality of antennas 'each of which can receive radio frequency energy, and-a radio frequency contactor associated with each antenna' · and wherein the memory is stored in each of the plurality of antennas Do not receive information about the first and second signals. For example, the radio frequency device of the patent item No. 76 of the Shenyang Patent, the processor will arrive at each antenna and one of the signals transmitted by the target device = the time difference between the signal reaching each antenna; and the time difference is used to calculate the The location of the target device. 47 200307141 78. For a radio frequency device according to item 77 of the patent application, wherein the coordinates of one of the target devices are assumed to be known, and wherein the processor is based on the first signal reaching the first antenna and the second signal reaching the first The first time difference between the antennas, the second time difference between the first signal arriving at the second antenna and the second signal arriving at the second antenna, and the time between the first signal arriving at the target device and the second signal being transmitted by the target device. The third time difference is used to calculate the location of the target device. 79. A radio frequency device according to item 76 of the patent application, wherein the coordinates of one of the target devices are assumed to be known, and wherein the processor is based on the first signal reaching the first antenna and the second signal reaching the first antenna. -The first time difference between the antennas, the time difference between the first signal reaching the second antenna and the second signal reaching the second antenna, the second time difference, and the time between the first signal reaching the third antenna and the first signal reaching the third antenna The third time difference is used to calculate the location of the target device. '15 8 0 · The radio frequency device according to item 76 of the patent application is based on the first signal reaching the first day The first time difference between an antenna, the first bell-one antenna and the second signal arrive at the first signal, the second signal arrives at the second antenna, and the second 48 signal arrives at the _Gonglv + _ antenna and the second. The second time difference, the first signal arrives at the third time, the third time and the county reach the third antenna, and the fourth time, the fourth antenna and the second signal reach the fourth antenna between the fourth antenna. The location of the target device. 49